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openaire: EC/H2020/856602/EU//FINEST TWINS Funding Information: KH is supported by Academy of Finland as part of PLANhealth Project (13297753). KH would also like to acknowledge FinEst (H2020 grant 856602) for supporting this study. SM was supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship (#1121035) and a University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences Research Fellowship. EI is supported by the Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12015/7, MC_UU_00006/5]. MS is supported by a Health Research Council of New Zealand Sir Charles Hercus Research Fellowship (Grant number 17/013). Neighbourhoods for Active Kids was funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand (grant number 14/436). Authors would like to acknowledge prof. Marketta Kyttä her contribution to this research. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Measures of individual mobility, such as activity space, have been previously used to help improve our understanding of individuals’ interactions with their everyday environments. However, such methods have rarely been adopted in studying children's physical activity and active travel behavior. In this study, we use a combination of participatory mapping and accelerometer data collected from children aged 8–13 years living in Tāmaki Makaurau/Auckland, Aotearoa/New Zealand, to describe children's travel behavior and explore associations of active travel, physical activity, and socio-demographic characteristics with environmental attributes. The results from this study reveal complex associations between these different layers. Density of cycling routes was consistently associated with higher levels of physical activity captured via moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), prevalence of active travel, and total activity space exposure. Nevertheless, population density, greenspace, and land-use mix revealed varying associations across different activity behaviors including MVPA, number of steps, and prevalence of active travel. The results from this study not only reassert the complexity of person–environment relationships, but also highlight the potential impacts of measurement and analytical methods on the study results. The novel combination of participatory mapping and accelerometer data together with activity space analysis provided new analytical insights which we discuss in this paper. This study concludes by reporting its observations and envisioning future research directions.

Background: Physical activity (PA) declines during childhood. Important sources of PA are active travel, organized sport and physical education (PE), but it is unclear which domain contributes most to improving and maintaining PA. Purpose: To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between domain-specific PA (active travel, organised sport and PE) and daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in children and adolescents. Methods: Participants (8.5-18 years at baseline) were drawn from three studies in the International Children���s Accelerometry Database (ICAD); n=3871 and n=2302 were included in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. Accelerometer-measured MVPA was regressed on self-reported standardised active travel, organised sport and PE in separate linear regression models, adjusted for study, age, sex, maternal education, season, and monitor wear time. Longitudinal analyses regressed changes in MVPA on baseline PA domain, additionally adjusted for change in season and wear time, follow-up duration, and baseline MVPA. R-squared was used to compare variance explained by each PA domain. Results: Cross-sectionally, organised sport showed the strongest magnitude of association (beta coefficient=3.81, p0.05; 21.5%). Associations followed a similar pattern in longitudinal analyses, albeit all non-significant. Conclusions: Childhood participation in organised sport contributed more to MVPA than active travel and PE cross-sectionally, but none of the PA domains predicted change in MVPA. A wide range of PA domains should be promoted to minimise the age-related decline in MVPA during childhood. Funding: UK Medical Research Council [MC_UU_00006/5]., The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress

Background: Rapid urbanization and dynamically changing built environments in Asia pose a challenge for their active travel to school (ATS). Little is known about prevalence of ATS in Asia. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of adolescents��� ATS in Asia. Methods: This cross-sectional study used Global School-based student Health Survey (GSHS) data from 154,920 13-17-year-old adolescents in 31 Asian countries. Country-specific weighted percentages of self-reported ATS (0 vs. 1-7 days) were calculated, and associations of ATS with age, sex and weight category were analysed using logistic regressions. Subsequently, summary prevalence and estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Prevalence of ATS was 55%, ranging from 18% (United Arab Emirates) to 84% (Myanmar). There was limited sub-regional variation: 47% in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), 56% in South East Asia Region (SEAR), and 64% in the Western Pacific Region. Being an older adolescent (OR=1.08, 95%CI=1.00-1.16) was positively associated with ATS. This association was strongest in EMR countries. Females (0.79, 0.71-0.89) and adolescents with overweight/obesity (0.92, 0.86-0.99) were less likely to use ATS. Association with sex was strongest in EMR countries and slightly less in SEAR countries. Overall heterogeneity was considerable in all three meta-analyses. Conclusions: Prevalence of adolescent ATS in Asia varies substantially. Overall, older and male adolescents, and adolescents with normal and below normal weight category are more likely to actively travel to school. However, the main contributor to the between-country variation remains unknown. Funding: Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education, Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia., The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress

Background: Evaluations of school-based physical activity (PA) interventions suggest limited effectiveness on children���s device-measured PA, partially due to poor implementation. Teacher-led implementation is common but the training provided to teachers is poorly understood and may affect implementation and effectiveness. Purpose: To systematically review the content of teacher training within interventions and examine associations between training characteristics, intervention fidelity and student PA outcomes. Methods: We searched seven databases (MEDLINE, ERIC, ASSIA, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) from Jan2015-May2020 for randomised controlled trials of teacher-led school-based PA interventions. Publications had to report on teacher fidelity or device-based PA outcomes. Pilot, feasibility and small-scale (���100 students) trials were excluded. Study authors were sent requests for additional information on teacher training following data extraction using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist. Training content was coded using the Behaviour Change Technique (BCT) Taxonomy v1. Results: 69 papers describing 52 interventions delivered in 1,052 schools were included. Teacher training incorporated 5.17 (��3.16) BCTs; ���Instruction on how to perform the behaviour��� (98%) and ���Social support (unspecified)��� (52%) were the only frequently identified BCTs (minimum 50%). Teacher training was poorly reported and not underpinned by professional development or behavioural science literature. Analysis is on-going. Conclusions: Teacher training in school-based PA interventions is generally poorly reported. Data suggests that few BCTs are used to promote behaviour change amongst teachers. Findings may help to explain implementation failures and lack of effect. Registration: PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020180624. Funding: This work was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council [grant number ES/P000738/1]; the NIHR School of Public Health Research [grant number: SJAI/126 RG88936], the University of Cambridge; and the Medical Research Council [grant number: MC_UU_00006/5]., The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, Vol. 14 No. 3 (2021): Proceedings from the 8th International Society for Physical Activity and Health Congress

Additional file 8.

Additional file 2. Structured process to classify fidelity outcomes.

Additional file 1. Search terms and records identified.

Additional file 9. Forest and funnel plots for physical activity outcomes.

Additional file 6.

Additional file 5. Publications excluded with reasons at stages 1 and 2 of full-text screening.

Additional file 9.

Additional file 7.

Additional file 8. Quality assessment ratings for activity behaviour outcomes (physical activity and sedentary behaviour combined).

Additional file 3.

Additional file 2.

Additional file 5.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 7. Quality assessment ratings and classification results for fidelity outcomes.

Additional file 3. Hierarchies used to select activity behaviour outcomes.

This report card presents the grades for the fourth physical activity report card for children and youth in Aotearoa New Zealand as part of the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance’s Global Matrix.

Additional file 4.