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Pakistani society is a patriarchal society in which culture, norms, traditions, and social sectors are powerfully and intensely entrenched in the society. Pakistani Television Dramas talk about sensitive social wrongs of the society. This study takes a critical discourse analysis approach aimed to find the sociolinguistic landscape in selected Pakistani drama 'Baghi' and the dominant influence with the use of language. The purpose of this study was to critically analyze the use of language and the representation of ideologies. A laborious methodological method has been opted to carry out critical discourse analysis of the drama for the research. The researcher has used qualitative method, because its purpose is to do a detailed and rich textual analysis of Pakistani TV drama based on reality. The data was collected based on the utterances taken from the episodes of drama which specifically signify skillful use of language. The analysis was based on the Fairclough's three-dimensional model (1992) and linguistic modalities (Fairclough, 2003). The study and the findings of the research showed that how language is used by the social actors of the drama to address different dimensions. The study revealed that representation of honor, shame and patriarchy is a dominant and prevailing aspect of Pakistani culture and norms. Justification of human rights in general and particularly of women is neglected in a typical Pakistani stereotypical society as; powerful people know how to use power with the use of language. It has also concluded t at the drama Baghi throws the light on the power relations which exists between man and h woman. In the drama, man has been portrayed as a symbol of power and authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper numerically investigates both the inline and staggered arrays of circular multiple swirling air jets that impinge perpendicularly onto a smooth flat surface. The simulations were conducted for various flow and geometric parameters, such as Reynolds number (Re = 11,600, 24,600, and 35,000), jet‐to‐surface distance (H/D = 1, 2, 3, and 4), jet‐to‐jet separation distance (Z/D = 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5) and swirl numbers (S = 0, 0.3, and 0.75), where D is the nozzle diameter. For S = 0.75, a strong recirculation develops due to the vortex breakdown, depends on Z/D, around the axis and near the wall. The extent of the recirculation is larger for the staggered array. Intense heat transfer is anticipated at strong swirl and close impingement cases with the expense of uniformity; whereas a relatively even heat transfer is observed for larger impingements. The increase in jet‐to‐jet separation enhances the overall cooling effect and the staggered configuration of nozzles gives better performance. It appears that both the crossflow and turbulence around the periphery of each jet predominantly govern the heat transfer characteristics. The enhancement of heat transfer occurs for increasing Re, and the overall Nusselt number (Nu) prediction is scaled by Ren, with n dependent on S. Finally a correlation is developed for the average Nusselt number to relate different control parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth in computational capacity combined with a decrease in the size of digital devices has led to increasing demand for more active and efficient cooling of electronics. In this study, an experimental investigation into two different sizes of central orifice Synthetic Jet Actuators (SJAs) is conducted to evaluate their heat transfer as well as noise generation characteristics. Two SJAs (40 mm and 20 mm) are examined, covering a distinct span of frequencies ranging from low to medium (<5500 Hz) in regards to the effect of SJA size over performance. The SJAs' disk deflection, structural frequency, and jet exit velocity were measured to fully characterize the jet performance. The maximum Nusselt number for the largest SJA was 3 times more than the smallest SJA, where the evaluation of stroke length suggests no effective synthetic jet formation for the smallest SJA. The noise from the SJAs was measured in an anechoic chamber using three microphones, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the sound pressure levels provide contributions to different tones in the resulting noise. 1/3 Octave Constant Percentage Bandwidth (CPB) analysis was performed to identify the frequency bands making the largest contribution to the noise. The largest SJA showed the highest heat transfer at acceptable noise levels during the operation below resonance frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiment was conducted to assess genetic diversity among different date palm varieties grown under climatic condition of southern Punjab during 2016-2019. Nine varieties of date palm were analyzed for their morphological and physiochemical characteristics under arid to semi-arid conditions of southern Punjab. To analyze data, principal components analysis and un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis were used. Results exhibited high variability among all studied varieties of date palm. PCA placed all forty seven qualitative traits into six components which contributed almost 87.54% of the total variability. While twenty six quantitative traits were also placed into six components, which contributed almost 92.53% of the total variability. Correlation analysis of quantitative characters showed that spathe length without sheet and spathe width possess strongest positive correlation (0.995). While strong negative correlation was detected between number of inflorescence per frond and stone volume percentage of fruit volume (-0.805). Then cluster analysis was applied to these nine date palm varieties, which divided these varieties into 4 clusters i.e. Khurma in clusters 1, Shakri, Shamran, Kupra and Haleeni in clusters 2, Zahidi, Aseel and Hilawi in clusters 3 and Khadrawi in clusters 4. This classification was based on quantitative as well as qualitative traits, which also provides base line for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur, Pakistan to evaluate eight Ber varieties viz Pak-White, Umran, Anokhi, Sufan, Bahawal-Seedless, Yazman, Aakash and Moon under Cholistan climatic conditions during 2017-19. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications (2 plants of each variety planted at plant to plant and row to distance of 25 feet in square system during 2010 and nourished with same cultural practices). Data were recorded on tree height, stem girth, leaf length, leaf width, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, stone weight, pulp ratio, total soluble solids, vitamin-C and yield per plant. From averages of 3 years, maximum tree height (7.8m), stem girth (1.9m), stone weight (2.3g), Vitamin-C (121mg/100g pulp) and yield were obtained by Pak White variety. Maximum leaf length (9 cm) and fruit diameter (3.7cm) was attained by Yazman variety. Maximum leaf width (6.1cm), pulp ratio (99%) alongwith minimum stone weight (0.1g), total soluble solids (12oBrix), Vitamin-C (98mg/100g pulp) and maximum yield (108kg/plant) were recorded by Bahawal Seedless. Umran had maximum fruit length (5.2cm) and Anokhi led in TSS (19oBrix). All varieties performed well under Cholistan condition and showed potential to be grown on marginal land for better economic return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have previously looked at the transport processes in convection but there is a lack of detail on methods to characterize transient heat transfer behavior. An infrared methodology to spatially and temporally resolve transient heat transfer is presented and tested on turbulent impinging (cooling) jets (non-swirling, swirling, Re = 11,600 to 35,000, S = 0 to 1.05). The intricacies of data filtration and spatial discretization, as well as the structure of the image processing code are reported and a parametric study of factors influencing the time to reach steady-state is done. Results show that variations in jet behavior are manifest in the time to reach steady-state and can be resolved even in the first few seconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sofosbuvir is on the world organization's list of essential medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in health system. It plays a special role in treatment of chronic hepatitis C and offers many advantages due to its high potency, low side effects, oral administration, and high barrier to resistance. Objectives: To compare the treatment response in treatment naive and treatment experienced chronic hepatitis C patients treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin to determine the efficacy of this drug combination. Methods: In this experimental study 104 chronic hepatitis C patients with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were included. Out of them 66 (63.5%) were treatment naive (received treatment for the first time) and 38 (36.5%) were treatment experienced. Sofosbuvir 400mg once a day in combination with ribavirin was given for 6 months and treatment responses were noted at 4, 12 and 24 weeks. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: The end treatment response in 104 chronic hepatitis C patients was calculated in which 99 (95.2%) patients responded to the therapy. 63 (95.5%) treatment naive patients and 36 (94.7%) treatment experienced responded to the therapy. End treatment response (ETR) in chronic hepatitis C patients to sofosbuvir and ribavirin was irrespective to their gender and genotypes and test of significance came out as insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Sofosbuvir is effective for both treatment naive and treatment experienced chronic hepatitis C patients. This regimen is equally effective for both genders and all genotypes of hepatitis C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]