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DME can be synthesized from natural gas, coal, biomass, and/or coal seam, and is a sulfur-free, near-zero aromatics synthetic fuel which is considered as an excellent substitute for conventional diesel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Currently, various production technologies are developed and many commercial projects are actively being progressed. This paper presents recent development and future prospect of Dimethyl Ether (DME) as an alternative energy, simple review for biomass energy, comparison of biomass and coal conversion to DME. The use of lignite coal as the basic material for the manufacture of DME is less profitable because it produces H2S gas which is harmful to the environment, thus requiring a purification unit to remove the gas. The addition of these units increases production costs. Meanwhile, biomass has higher availability and contains lower sulfur than coal. Biomass that has the potential as a substitute for lignite is tofu waste because of the highest availability and the highest syngas yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy sourced from fossil to be the only main source of energy to full-fill all aspects of needs. But, fossil fuels as energy sources are non-renewable sources so could run out at a certain time. The decreasing of fossil sources production, especially crude oil, encourage the government of Indonesia to generate, develop, and improve the potency of New-and Renewable Energy (NRE) sources. Solar panel is the most reliable NRE sources to reach the projection of NRE utilization increased by 31.2% in 2050. Li-ion batteries are electrical energy storage devices that are most preferred to be used in solar panels. Li-ion battery with cylindrical model made of LiNi0.85Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) and LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (NMC) cathode material shows good electrochemical performance (energy density, specific capacity, cycle, and stability) and toughness. The cathode material synthesis method is important because it determines battery performance. The combination of co-precipitation and solid-state methods is the best choice to produce cathode materials that provide the best performance for Li-ion batteries for solar panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is currently the most promising energy storage device for technologies such as cellphones, gadgets, and electrical vehicles. Nowadays, LiCoO2 (LCO) type cells is still used due to its excellent performance even with high amount of cobalt. To reduce the overall production cost, a simple process with high scalability is proposed. In this study, a kilogram of LiCoO2 cathode materials were produced using room temperature cobalt crystallization of cobaltous solution. The effect of precipitating agents such as sodium hydroxide, oxalic acid and soda ash towards the material characteristics were deeply investigated. As obtained powders and products were characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Cobalt hydroxide, cobalt oxalate and cobalt carbonate were successfully synthesized based on XRD and FTIR study. Layered structure of LiCoO2 powders is confirmed by XRD study. SEM images of LCO products show a unique grape-like morphology with micron-sized secondary particles. Based on charge-discharge characteristics, the highest initial discharge capacity of 121 mAh/g is obtained by LCO from cobalt hydroxide with capacity retention of 24% after cycled for 230 cycles using 1C-2C-4C-8C-16C-30C current rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]