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1. Prevalence and associations of dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in the ural eye and medical study

Author

Mukharram M. Bikbov, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Rinat M. Zainullin, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Ellina M. Iakupova, Albina A. Fakhretdinova, Azaliia M. Tuliakova, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Iuliia A. Rusakova, Ildar F. Nuriev, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Liana A. Miniazeva, and Jost B. Jonas

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract To assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in a population in Russia. The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study was conducted in an urban and rural region in Bashkortostan/Russia and included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible persons, aged 40 + years. DED and MGD were assessed by Schirmer´s test, slit-lamp based examination of the Meibomian glands, and an interview with DED-related questions. The study included 5153 (87.4%) individuals with DED and MGD assessments (mean age: 58.5 ± 10.5 years). The mean Schirmer´s test result was 11.8 ± 6.8 mm and 12.5 ± 7.1 mm for the right/left eye, with a result of ≤ 5 mm measured in 1098 (21.3%; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 20.2, 22.4) of the worse eyes. The mean subjective dry eye symptoms score was 1.37 ± 1.82. MGD grade 1 (telangiectasia at the lid margin), 2, 3, 4 or any grade in the worse eye was diagnosed in 901 (21.1%), 1161 (27.1%), 158 (3.7%), 32 (0.7%), and 2252 (52.6%; 95% CI 51.1, 54.1) eyes respectively. The prevalence of DED diagnosis #1, #2 and #3 (Schirmer´s test ≤ 5 mm, and dry eye score ≥ 1, ≥ 2, and ≥ 3, respectively), #4 (dry eye score ≥ 1, Schirmer test ≤ 5 mm, MGD grade 1 +), and #5 (dry eye score ≥ 1, Schirmer test ≤ 5 mm, MGD grade 2 +) were 598/5142 (11.6%), 426/5153 (8.3%), 273/5142 (5.3%), 335/5142 (6.5%), and 186/5142 (3.6%), respectively. Mean depression score as applied was 5.1 ± 3.8. Higher DED prevalence (definition #4) was associated (multivariable analysis) with female sex (odds ratio (OR) 1.71; 95% CI 1.31, 2.22; P

Published
2022
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2. Prevalence and associated factors of osteoarthritis in the Ural Eye and Medical Study and the Ural Very Old Study

Author

Mukharram M. Bikbov, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Rinat M. Zainullin, Ellina M. Rakhimova, Albina A. Fakhretdinova, Azaliia M. Tuliakova, Iuliia A. Rusakova, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Ildar F. Nuriev, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Ainur A. Zinnatullin, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Ainur V. Gizzatov, Natalia I. Bolshakova, Kamilia R. Safiullina, and Jost B. Jonas

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract To determine the prevalence of osteoarthritis and its associated factors in populations from Russia. The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS) and the population-based Ural Very Old Study (UVOS) were conducted in a rural and urban region in Bashkortostan/Russia and included participants aged 40+ and 85+ years, respectively. As part of a detailed systematic examination, we assessed the osteoarthritis prevalence in an interview including questions on the self-reported presence of osteoarthritis, the joints affected and osteoarthritis-related pain-relieving therapy taken. Out of 5898 participants of the UEMS, 1636 individuals had osteoarthritis [prevalence: 27.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 26.7, 28.7], with 816 individuals (13.8%; 95% CI 12.8, 14.8) taking pain-relieving medication. A higher osteoarthritis prevalence was associated (multivariable analysis) with older age [odds ratio (OR 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.05], urban region of residence (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.07, 1.45), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.03, 1.06), lower monthly income (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.68, 0.90), higher physical activity score (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.03), higher prevalence of a history of cardiovascular disease including stroke (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.33, 1.81), previous bone fractures (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04, 1.40) and previous falls (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.03, 1.45), higher hearing loss score (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.01, 1.02), and less alcohol consumption (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.65, 0.93). Out of 1526 UVOS participants, 567 individuals had osteoarthritis (prevalence: 37.2%; 95% CI 35.0, 40.0), with 195 (12.8%; 95% CI 11.3, 14.3) individuals taking pain-relieving medication. Higher osteoarthritis prevalence was associated with rural region of habitation (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.20, 2.38), lower monthly income (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.46, 0.84), higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.30, 2.36), and higher anxiety score (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.03, 1.06). Osteoarthritis and use of pain-relieving medication are common in these populations in Russia. Main associated factors were older age and lower monthly income in both study populations, female sex, higher BMI, urban region, and previous falls and bone fractures in the UEMS population, and rural region and a higher anxiety score in the UVOS study population.

Published
2022
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3. Safety and tolerability of intravitreal cetuximab in young and adult rabbits

Author

Mukharram M. Bikbov, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Dinar A. Khakimov, Leisan I. Gilemzianova, Liana A. Miniazeva, Azaliia M. Tuliakova, Albina A. Fakhretdinova, Renat A. Kazakbaev, Ildar F. Nuriev, and Jost B. Jonas

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract To assess safety and tolerability of intraocularly applied cetuximab as epidermal growth factor receptor antibody, we conducted the experimental study which consisted of groups of adult rabbits (body weight: 2.4 kg) and young rabbits (body weight: 1.6 kg). All animals received three intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg cetuximab (Erbitux) (0.10 mL; 5 mg cetuximab/mL) into their right eyes in 4-week intervals, while the contralateral eyes received intravitreal injections of Ringer's solution. All animals underwent regular ophthalmological examinations at baseline and two-week intervals. Four weeks after the last injection, the animals were sacrificed, and the eyes were enucleated, fixed and examined by light microscopy. The study included 10 adult rabbits (age: 18 weeks; range: 17–19 weeks) and 8 young rabbits (age: 8 weeks; range: 7–10 weeks). Biometric measurements of axial length, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness and intraocular pressure readings did not differ significantly (all P > 0.05, Bonferroni corrected) between the right (study) eyes and the left (control) eyes, neither in the young nor in the adult rabbit group. Signs of intraocular inflammation or fundus peculiarities were not detected. Thickness of the outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer, combined outer and inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer, and total retina, measured at the posterior pole, posterior pole/equator midpoint, equator, and ora serrata region, did not vary significantly between study eyes and control eyes (all P > 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). The results suggest that repeated intravitreal application of cetuximab did not result in any detected intraocular toxic or destructive effect in young and adult rabbits, concurring with the notion of an intraocular tolerability of cetuximab.

Published
2022
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4. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a Russian population: The Ural Eye and Medical Study and the Ural Very Old Study

Author

Mukharram M. Bikbov, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Rinat M. Zainullin, Ellina M. Iakupova, Albina A. Fakhretdinova, Azaliia M. Tuliakova, Iuliia A. Rusakova, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Ildar F. Nuriev, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Ainur A. Zinnatullin, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Ainur V. Gizzatov, Natalia I. Bolshakova, Kamilia R. Safiullina, and Jost B. Jonas

Subjects
Metabolic syndrome, Hyperlipidemia, Arterial hypertension, Hyperglycemia, Population-based study, Russia, Physiology, QP1-981, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Purpose: To examine prevalence and associated factors of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in populations in Russia. Methods: Two population-based studies (Ural Eye and Medical Study (UEMS), Ural Very Old Study (UVOS)) were conducted in rural and urban regions in Bashkortostan/Russia and included participants aged 40+ years and 85+ years, respectively. Results: Out of 5895 UEMS participants, 1572 individuals had MS (prevalence:26.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI):25.5,27.8). The criteria of waist circumference, blood pressure, hyperglycemia, serum high-density lipoprotein concentration and serum triglyceride concentration were fulfilled by 4269 (72.4%; 95%CI:71.3,73.6), 3168 (53.7%; 95%CI:52.5,55.1), 1375 (23.3%; 95%CI:22.4,24.6), 712 (13.3%; 95%CI:12.4,14.2), and 1527 (28.6%; 95%CI:27.4,29.8) individuals, respectively. Higher MS prevalence was associated with older age (odds ratio (OR):1.03; 95%CI:1.02,1.04;P

Published
2022
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5. Prevalence of and factors associated with low Back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain in Bashkortostan, Russia: the Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Mukharram M. Bikbov, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Rinat M. Zainullin, Venera F. Salavatova, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Nikolai A. Nikitin, Svetlana R. Mukhamadieva, Dilya F. Yakupova, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Renat I. Khikmatullin, Said K. Aminev, Ildar F. Nuriev, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, and Jost B. Jonas

Subjects
Back pain, Neck pain, Population-based study, Ural eye and medical study, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract

Abstract Background Back pain and neck pain are leading causes of the burden of disease worldwide, while information about their prevalence in Russia is missing. Methods The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study was conducted in a rural and urban region in Bashkortostan/Russia. As part of a detailed systematic examination, we assessed the prevalence of low back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain in an interview with standardized questions in 5397 study participants (mean age:58.6 ± 10.6 years;range:40–94 years). Results The mean prevalence of low back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain was 2912/5397 (54.0%;95% confidence interval (CI):52.6,55.3), 1271/5397 (23.6%;95%CI:22.4,24.7), and 1570/5397 (29.1%;95%CI:27.9,30.3), respectively. A higher prevalence of low back pain was associated with females (P = 0.04;odds ratio (OR):1.14;95%CI:1.004,1.30), younger age (P

Published
2020
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6. Prevalence and associated factors of anemia in a Russian population: the Ural eye and medical study

Author

Mukharram M. Bikbov, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Rinat M. Zainullin, Venera F. Salavatova, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Dilya F. Yakupova, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Svetlana R. Mukhamadieva, Renat I. Khikmatullin, Said K. Aminev, Ildar F. Nuriev, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, and Jost B. Jonas

Subjects
Anemia, Russia, Population-based study, Ural eye and medical study, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Although anemia is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease, information about its prevalence in Russia is mostly missing. We therefore assessed its prevalence and associated factors in a Russian population. Methods The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals (mean age:59.0 ± 10.7 years;range:40–94 years) who underwent a standardized interview and detailed general examination. The definition of anemia was based on the hemoglobin concentration (definition #1:hemoglobin concentration

Published
2019
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7. Frequency and Associated Factors of Bone Fractures in Russians: The Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Mukharram M. Bikbov, Rinat R. Fayzrakhmanov, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Rinat M. Zainullin, Venera F. Salavatova, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Nikolai A. Nikitin, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Svetlana R. Mukhamadieva, Dilya F. Yakupova, Renat I. Khikmatullin, Said K. Aminev, Ildar F. Nuriev, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, and Jost B. Jonas

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract With information about frequency of bone fractures in Russia mostly missing, we assessed the frequency of previous bone fractures in a Russian population. The population-based study Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals (mean age: 59.0 ± 10.7 years; range: 40–94 years). The history of previous bone fractures was assessed in a standardized interview for 5397 (91.5%) individuals. Mean frequency of any previous bone fracture was 1650/5397 (30.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 29, 3, 31.8). In multivariate analysis, higher frequency of bone fractures was associated with male sex (P

Published
2018
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8. Prevalence, Awareness, and Control of Arterial Hypertension in a Russian Population. The Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Mukharram M. Bikbov, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Rinat M. Zainullin, Venera F. Salavatova, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Dilya F. Yakupova, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Svetlana R. Mukhamadieva, Renat I. Khikmatullin, Said K. Aminev, Ildar F. Nuriev, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, and Jost B. Jonas

Subjects
arterial hypertension, elevated blood pressure, hypertension, blood pressure, epidemiology, population-based study, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background: Applying the criteria recently published by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association for the definition of arterial hypertension, we investigated prevalence and awareness of arterial hypertension in Russia. This new definition differentiates between normal BP [SBP (systolic blood pressure)/DBP (diastolic blood pressure) < 120/80 mmHg], elevated BP (SBP 120–129 mmHg; DBP < 80 mmHg), hypertension stage 1 (SBP 130–139 mmHg or DBP 80–89 mmHg), hypertension stage 2 (SBP ≥ 140 and ≤180 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 and ≤120 mm Hg) and hypertensive crisis (SBP > 180 mmHg and/or DBP > 120).Methods: The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study, performed in an urban and rural region in the Russian republic Bashkortostan, included 5,891 (80.5%) individuals aged 40+ years out of 7,328 eligible individuals. The participants underwent a detailed interview and medical examination. Arterial hypertension was defined using the criteria defined by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association.Results: The prevalence of normal blood pressure (BP), elevated BP, hypertension stage 1, stage 2, and hypertensive crisis was 750/5,891 [12.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7, 5.9], 312/5, 891 (5.3%; 95% CI: 4.7, 5.9), 2,187/5,891 (37.1%; 95% CI: 35.9, 38.4), 2,484/5,891 (42.2%; 95% CI: 40.9, 43.4), and 158/5,891 (2.7%; 95% CI: 2.3, 3.1), respectively. The overall prevalence of elevated BP/hypertension was 5,141/5,891 (87.3%; 95% CI: 86.4, 88.1). Awareness of elevated BP/hypertension was 2,289/5,223 (45.4%; 95% CI: 44.0, 47.0). Among 1,055 (20.2%; 95% CI: 19.1, 21.3) individuals under anti-hypertensive treatment, 33 (3.1%) individuals had normal BP values. Higher risk of elevated BP/hypertension was associated with older age [odds ratio (OR): 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03,1.05], male gender (OR: 2.56; 95% CI: 2.10, 3.16), urban region (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.51), lower educational level (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.97), higher body mass index (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.18), higher waist-hip circumference ratio (OR: 6.16; 95% CI: 1.89, 20.0), higher prevalence of sitting or reclining for more than 18 h per week (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.61), higher prevalence of alcohol consumption (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.05), and higher serum concentrations of triglycerides (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.43) and glucose (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.24). Using the former definition of hypertension (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg), the prevalence of hypertension was 3,134/5,891 (53.2%; 95% CI: 51.9, 54.5).Conclusions: Using the new definition of arterial hypertension, the prevalence of elevated BP/hypertension in a typically mixed Russian population aged 40+ years was high (87.3%), with an awareness rate of 45.4% and treatment rate of 20.2%. The rate of therapeutic control of BP elevation in the individuals under treatment was

Published
2020
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9. Prevalence, Awareness, and Associated Factors of Airflow Obstruction in Russia: The Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Mukharram M. Bikbov, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Rinat M. Zainullin, Venera F. Salavatova, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Nikolai A. Nikitin, Svetlana R. Mukhamadieva, Dilya F. Yakupova, Renat I. Khikmatullin, Said K. Aminev, Ildar F. Nuriev, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, and Jost B. Jonas

Subjects
airflow obstruction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, forced expiratory volume, household air pollution, occupational particulates, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background: Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma belong to the most important causes of disability and death in all world regions, data about the prevalence of airflow obstruction and asthma in Russia and the associated parameters have been scarce so far. We therefore assessed the prevalence of airflow obstruction and asthma in a Russian population.Methods: The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study, conducted in a rural and urban region of Bashkortostan/Russia, included 5,392 participants (mean age: 58.6 ± 10.6 years; range: 40–94 years) out of 7,328 eligible individuals. Airflow obstruction was defined spirometrically and asthma by self-reported diagnosis.Results: Airflow obstruction was present in 369 individuals (6.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.2, 7.5) with an awareness rate of 63.4% (95%CI: 58.5, 68.4) and known duration of 19.5 ± 15.8 years (median: 16 years). Prevalence of undiagnosed airflow obstruction was 2.6% (95%CI: 2.2, 3.1). Higher prevalence of airflow obstruction was associated (multivariable analysis) with higher prevalence of current smoking [P < 0.001; odds ratio (OR): 2.91; 95%CI: 1.76, 4.83] and number of cigarette package years (P < 0.001; OR: 1.03; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.08), female gender (P = 0.03; OR: 1.42; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.93), urban region (P = 0.003; OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.79), higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases/stroke (P < 0.001; OR: 1.86; 95%CI: 1.45, 2.39), higher depression score (P = 0.002; OR: 1.05; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.08), and lower physical activity (P = 0.01; OR: 0.71; 95%CI: 0.54, 0.93). Asthma prevalence (2.6%; 95%CI: 2.0, 3.1; known duration: 17.2 ± 15.0 years) was associated with less alcohol consumption (OR: 0.53; 95%CI: 0.33, 0.87; P = 0.01), higher depression score (OR: 1.08; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.12; P < 0.001), and urban region (OR: 0.68; 95CI: 0.49, 0.95; P = 0.0.03).Conclusions: In this Russian population aged 40+ years, the prevalence of airflow obstruction was 6.8% with an awareness rate of 63.4% and smoking as main risk factor. Asthma prevalence was 2.6%.

Published
2019
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10. Central corneal thickness and its associations in a Russian population. The Ural eye and Medical Study

Author

Mukharram M. Bikbov, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Rinat M. Zainullin, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Ildar F. Nuriev, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Ainur A. Zinnatullin, Dilya F. Yakupova, Ellina M. Rakhimova, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, Renat I. Khikmatullin, Nikolay A. Nikitin, Said K. Aminev, Svetlana R. Mukhamadieva, Venera F. Mavlieva, and Jost B. Jonas

Subjects
Ophthalmology
Abstract

Background To assess central corneal thickness (CCT) and its associations in a Russian population. Methods The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals. As part of an ophthalmological and general examination, CCT was measured by Scheimflug imaging. Results The study included 5792 (98.2%) participants (age:58.8 ± 10.6 years;range: 40–94 years) with available bilateral CCT measurements. Mean CCT was larger in Russians than non-Russians (549.5 ± 32.8 µm versus 539.2 ± 33.9 µm; P P P = 0.002), urban region of habitation (beta:0.10; B:6.83; 95%CI:4.61, 9.05; P P = 0.005), higher level of education (beta:0.04; B:0.97;95%CI:0.29,1.66; P = 0.006), higher serum bilirubin concentration (beta:0.05;B:0.15; 95%CI:0.07,0.23;P P P P P P = 0.14), previous cataract surgery (P = 0.10), axial length (P = 0.18) or prevalence of glaucoma (P = 0.11). The mean inter-eye difference in CCT was 8.52 ± 13.9 µm (median:6.0;95CI:8.16,8.88). A higher inter-eye CCT difference was associated with older age (beta:0.08; B:0.11;95%CI:0.07,0.15; P = 0.01), lower level of education (beta:−0.04;B:−0.34; 95%CI:−0.60,−0.08; P P = 0.003). Introduction conclusions In this ethnically mixed population from Russia with an age of 40+ years, mean CCT (541.7 ± 33.7 µm) was associated with parameters such as younger age, male sex, Russian ethnicity, and higher educational level. These associations may be taken into account when the dependence of IOP readings on CCT are considered. Glaucoma prevalence was unrelated to CCT.

Published
2022
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11. Prevalence and associated factors of glaucoma in the Russian Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Inga I. Arslangareeva, Dilya F. Yakupova, Natalia I. Bolshakova, Ellina M. Rakhimova, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Iulia Rusakova, Renat I. Khikmatullin, Ildar F. Nuriev, Jost B. Jonas, Rinat M. Zainullin, Said K. Aminev, Nikolay A Nikitin, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Kamila R. Safiullina, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Svetlana R. Mukhamadieva, and Songhomitra Panda-Jonas

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Intraocular pressure, genetic structures, Population, Glaucoma, lcsh:Medicine, Diseases, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Optic Nerve Diseases, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, lcsh:Science, Intraocular Pressure, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Health care, Age Factors, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Bashkiria, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, eye diseases, Blood pressure, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, lcsh:Q, Glaucoma, Angle-Closure, business, Glaucoma, Open-Angle, Optic disc
Abstract

To assess the prevalence and associated factors of glaucoma in a Russian population. The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (mean age 59.0 ± 10.7 years; range 40–94 years). Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was diagnosed using International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria. Among 5545 participants with assessable optic disc photographs, 246 individuals [4.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9, 5.0] had glaucoma, with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in 177 individuals (3.2%; 95% CI 2.7, 3.7) and angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) in 69 individuals (1.2; 95% CI 1.0, 1.5), with IOP > 21 mmHg in 79 (32.1%) patients, and with 80 (32.5%) patients on glaucoma therapy. Glaucoma prevalence increased from 3/485 (0.6%; 95% CI 0.0, 1.3) in the age group of 40–45 years to 33/165 (20.0%; 95% CI 13.8, 26.2) in the group aged 80 + years. Higher OAG prevalence correlated with older age [odds ratio (OR) 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.09; P P P P = 0.004) and lower diastolic blood pressure (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96, 0.99; P = 0.035). Higher ACG prevalence correlated with older age (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03, 1.11; P P P

Published
2020
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12. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Russian Population: The Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Guzel Bikbova, Ainur A. Zinnatullin, Natalia I. Bolshakova, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Timur A. Khalimov, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Ildar F. Nuriev, Jost B. Jonas, Iulia Rusakova, Kamilla Safiullina, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Rinat M. Zainullin, Venera F. Salavatova, Dilya F. Yakupova, and Ellina M. Rakhimova

Subjects
Adult, Male, genetic structures, Population, Russia, Macular Degeneration, Age Distribution, Risk Factors, Diabetes mellitus, Age related, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, education, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Axial length, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Confidence interval, Ophthalmology, Russian population, Female, sense organs, business, Demography
Abstract

To assess the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a Russian population.Population-based prevalence assessment.The Ural Eye and Medical Study was conducted in a rural and urban area in the Russian republic of Bashkortostan. The study included 5,899 participants aged 40+ years old. AMD, defined according to the Beckman Initiative for Macular Research, was assessed by fundus photographs and optical coherence tomographic images of 4,932 (83.6%) participants.The prevalence of any AMD, early AMD, intermediate AMD, or late AMD, geographic atrophy, and neovascular AMD were 18.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.8-19.6), 11.6% (95% CI, 10.4-12.8), 5.0% (95% CI, 4.2-5.8), 1.6% (95% CI, 1.1-2.0), 0.7% (95% CI, 0.4-1.0) and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.6-1.3), respectively, for individuals55 years old. Applying an age limit of 40+ years for the AMD definition, prevalence of any AMD, early AMD, intermediate AMD, late AMD, geographic atrophy and neovascular AMD were 14.1% (95% CI, 13.1-15.1), 9.4% (95% CI, 8.6-10.2), 3.8% (95% CI, 3.2-4.3), 1.0% (95% CI, 0.7-1.2), 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2-0.6) and 0.5% (95% CI, 0.3-0.7), respectively, for individuals aged 40+ years. Higher AMD prevalence was correlated with older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.15; 95% CI, 1.13-1.16; P0.001), rural region (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.32-2.17; P0.001), lower diabetes prevalence (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38-0.82; P = 0.003), and shorter axial length (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79-0.99; P = 0.04). AMD prevalence was not significantly (all P ≥ 0.20) correlated with any systemic parameter examined, except for lower prevalence of diabetes.In this typical, ethnically mixed, urban and rural population from Russia, a higher prevalence for AMD was associated mainly with older age, rural region of habitation, shorter axial length, and lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus. The AMD prevalence was lower than in Europeans and higher than in East Asians.

Published
2020
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13. Central corneal thickness and its associations in a Russian population. The Ural eye and Medical Study

Author

Mukharram M, Bikbov, Timur R, Gilmanshin, Rinat M, Zainullin, Gyulli M, Kazakbaeva, Artur F, Zaynetdinov, Ildar F, Nuriev, Songhomitra, Panda-Jonas, Inga I, Arslangareeva, Ainur A, Zinnatullin, Dilya F, Yakupova, Ellina M, Rakhimova, Yulia V, Uzianbaeva, Renat I, Khikmatullin, Nikolay A, Nikitin, Said K, Aminev, Svetlana R, Mukhamadieva, Venera F, Mavlieva, and Jost B, Jonas

Abstract

To assess central corneal thickness (CCT) and its associations in a Russian population.The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals. As part of an ophthalmological and general examination, CCT was measured by Scheimflug imaging.The study included 5792 (98.2%) participants (age:58.8 ± 10.6 years;range: 40-94 years) with available bilateral CCT measurements. Mean CCT was larger in Russians than non-Russians (549.5 ± 32.8 µm versus 539.2 ± 33.9 µm; P 0.001). In multivariable analysis, thicker CCT was associated (regression coefficient r:0.43) with younger age (standardized regression coefficient beta:-0.09; non-standardized regression coefficient B:-0.29;95% confidence interval (CI):-0.39,-0.20; P 0.001), male sex (beta:0.05; B:3.10; 95%CI:1.18,5.03; P = 0.002), urban region of habitation (beta:0.10; B:6.83; 95%CI:4.61, 9.05; P 0.001), Russian ethnicity (beta:0.04; B:3.48; 95%CI:1.04, 5.91; P = 0.005), higher level of education (beta:0.04; B:0.97;95%CI:0.29,1.66; P = 0.006), higher serum bilirubin concentration (beta:0.05;B:0.15; 95%CI:0.07,0.23;P 0.001), lower corneal refractive power (beta:-0.09;B:11.92; 95%CI:-2.50,-1.35; P 0.001), smaller anterior chamber angle (beta:-0.07;B:-0.38;95%CI:-0.52,-0.24;P 0.001), higher IOP readings (beta:0.38; B:3.47; 95%CI:3.21,3.73; P 0.001), and higher rise in IOP readings by medical mydriasis (beta:0.07; B:0.88;95%CI:0.54,1.22;P 0.001). In that model, CCT was not associated with body height (P = 0.14), previous cataract surgery (P = 0.10), axial length (P = 0.18) or prevalence of glaucoma (P = 0.11). The mean inter-eye difference in CCT was 8.52 ± 13.9 µm (median:6.0;95CI:8.16,8.88). A higher inter-eye CCT difference was associated with older age (beta:0.08; B:0.11;95%CI:0.07,0.15; P = 0.01), lower level of education (beta:-0.04;B:-0.34; 95%CI:-0.60,-0.08; P 0.001) and status after cataract surgery (beta:0.04; B:2.92;95%CI:1.02,4.83; P = 0.003).In this ethnically mixed population from Russia with an age of 40+ years, mean CCT (541.7 ± 33.7 µm) was associated with parameters such as younger age, male sex, Russian ethnicity, and higher educational level. These associations may be taken into account when the dependence of IOP readings on CCT are considered. Glaucoma prevalence was unrelated to CCT.

Published
2021

14. Prevalence and associated factors of cataract and cataract-related blindness in the Russian Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Ellina M. Rakhimova, Iulia Rusakova, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Ildar F. Nuriev, Jost B. Jonas, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Rinat M. Zainullin, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Gulnara Z. Israfilova, Mukharram M. Bikbov, and Songhomitra Panda-Jonas

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Vision, Low, lcsh:Medicine, Cataract Extraction, Subcapsular cataract, Blindness, Severity of Illness Index, Cataract, Article, Russia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, education, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Public health, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Age Factors, Health care, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Cataract surgery, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Confidence interval, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, lcsh:Q, business, Visually Impaired Persons, Kidney disease
Abstract

To assess the prevalence of cataract and cataract surgery in a population from Russia, we conducted the population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study with 5899 participants (80.5% out of 7328 eligible individuals), with an age of 40 + years as the eligibility criterion. In the phakic population, the prevalence of nuclear, cortical, subcapsular cataract and any cataract was 38.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 36.6, 39.3], 14.5% (95% CI 13.5, 15.5), 0.6% (95% CI 0.4, 0.8) and 44.6% (95% CI 43.2, 46.0), respectively. A higher prevalence of nuclear cataract was associated with older age [odds ratio (OR) 1.10; 95% CI 1.10, 1.11], the female sex (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.08, 1.50), urban region (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.71, 2.33), a low educational level (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.88, 0.98), a high diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.001, 1.02), a low serum concentration of high-density lipoproteins (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.84, 0.98), more smoking package years (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.01, 1.02), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.10, 1.03), a short axial length (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.86, 0.99), and a low prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.57, 0.92). The prevalence of previous cataract surgery conducted in 354/5885 individuals (6.0%; 95% CI 5.4, 6.6) increased from 0.4% (95% CI 0.0, 1.0) in the age group of 40–45 years to 37.6% (95% CI 30.9, 44.4) in the age group of 80 + years. Cataract was the cause of moderate-to-severe vision impairment in 109 (1.8%) individuals and of blindness in three (0.05%) individuals. The prevalence of cataract and cataract-related MSVI and blindness were relatively high; subsequently, the prevalence of previous cataract surgery was relatively low in this population from Russia.

Published
2020
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15. Prevalence and causes of vision impairment and blindness in the Russian ural eye and medical study

Author

Rinat M. Zainullin, Said K. Aminev, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Ildar F. Nuriev, Renat I. Khikmatullin, Dilya F. Yakupova, Jost B. Jonas, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Svetlana R. Mukhamadieva, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, and Songhomitra Panda-Jonas

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Population, Visual Acuity, lcsh:Medicine, Glaucoma, Blindness, Eye, Article, Russia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, education, Eye diseases, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Public health, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Odds ratio, Diabetic retinopathy, Middle Aged, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Confidence interval, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Maculopathy, lcsh:Q, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

To assess prevalence of mild vision impairment (MVI; best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) P P P P P = 0.006; OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.08, 2.56) and axial length (P

Published
2020
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16. Prevalence of and factors associated with low Back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain in Bashkortostan, Russia: the Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Mukharram M, Bikbov, Gyulli M, Kazakbaeva, Rinat M, Zainullin, Venera F, Salavatova, Timur R, Gilmanshin, Inga I, Arslangareeva, Nikolai A, Nikitin, Svetlana R, Mukhamadieva, Dilya F, Yakupova, Songhomitra, Panda-Jonas, Renat I, Khikmatullin, Said K, Aminev, Ildar F, Nuriev, Artur F, Zaynetdinov, Yulia V, Uzianbaeva, and Jost B, Jonas

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Rural Population, Ural eye and medical study, Neck Pain, Urban Population, Back pain, Middle Aged, Bashkiria, Thoracic Vertebrae, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Low Back Pain, Aged, Research Article, Population-based study
Abstract

Background Back pain and neck pain are leading causes of the burden of disease worldwide, while information about their prevalence in Russia is missing. Methods The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study was conducted in a rural and urban region in Bashkortostan/Russia. As part of a detailed systematic examination, we assessed the prevalence of low back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain in an interview with standardized questions in 5397 study participants (mean age:58.6 ± 10.6 years;range:40–94 years). Results The mean prevalence of low back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain was 2912/5397 (54.0%;95% confidence interval (CI):52.6,55.3), 1271/5397 (23.6%;95%CI:22.4,24.7), and 1570/5397 (29.1%;95%CI:27.9,30.3), respectively. A higher prevalence of low back pain was associated with females (P = 0.04;odds ratio (OR):1.14;95%CI:1.004,1.30), younger age (P

Published
2019

17. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Pseudoexfoliation in a Russian Population: The Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Timur A. Khalimov, Iulia Rusakova, Guzel Bikbova, Venera F. Salavatova, Ildar F. Nuriev, Jost B. Jonas, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, Dilya F. Yakupova, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Nikolay A Nikitin, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Rinat M. Zainullin, Ellina M. Rakhimova, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, and Artur F. Zaynetdinov

Subjects
Adult, Male, Rural Population, medicine.medical_specialty, Intraocular pressure, Urban Population, Cross-sectional study, Population, Glaucoma, Exfoliation Syndrome, Russia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Age Distribution, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Prevalence, Dementia, Humans, education, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Pseudoexfoliation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Ophthalmology, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, business
Abstract

To assess the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) and its associations in a Russian population.Population-based cross-sectional study.Setting: Ufa capital of Bashkortostan, Russia and a rural region in Bashkortostan.the Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5,899 (80.5%) of 7,328 eligible individuals (mean age, 59.0 ± 10.7 years old; range, 40-94 years).as part of an ophthalmological and general examination, presence and degree of PEX was assessed using slit-lamp biomicroscopy after medical pupillary dilation.PEX prevalence.After excluding pseudophakic and aphakic individuals, the study included 5,451 (92.4%) participants. PEX prevalence (3.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]:3.1-4.1), increased from 0.5% (95% CI, 0.1-0.9) in individuals 40 to50 years old to 10.4% (95% CI, 5.0-15.8) in individuals aged 80+ years. Higher PEX prevalence was associated (multivariate analysis) with older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.07-1.11; P0.001), Russian ethnicity (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 2.09-1.11;P = 0.02), higher prevalence of open-angle glaucoma (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.36-4.23;P = 0.003), and higher intraocular pressure (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09;P = 0.001). PEX prevalence was not significantly associated with gender (P = 0.49), region of habitation (P = 0.11), body mass index (P = 0.68), level of education (P = 0.26), smoking (P = 0.11), alcohol consumption (P = 0.52), history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease (P = 0.94) and dementia (P = 0.77), prevalence of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.16), arterial hypertension (P = 0.45), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P = 0.73), chronic kidney disease (P = 0.09), and hearing loss (P = 0.31).In this typical, ethnically mixed, population from Russia with an age of 40+ years, PEX prevalence (3.6%; 95% CI, 3.1-4.1) was associated with older age, Russian ethnicity, higher intraocular pressure and open-angle glaucoma. It was independent of any systemic parameter including diabetes, arterial hypertension, previous cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and dementia.

Published
2019

18. Self-reported hearing loss in Russians: the population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Mukharram M, Bikbov, Rinat R, Fayzrakhmanov, Gyulli M, Kazakbaeva, Rinat M, Zainullin, Venera F, Salavatova, Timur R, Gilmanshin, Inga I, Arslangareeva, Nikolai A, Nikitin, Songhomitra, Panda-Jonas, Svetlana R, Mukhamadieva, Dilya F, Yakupova, Renat I, Khikmatullin, Said K, Aminev, Ildar F, Nuriev, Artur F, Zaynetdinov, Yulia V, Uzianbaeva, and Jost B, Jonas

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Rural Population, Epidemiology, Research, Comorbidity, adult otolaryngology, Middle Aged, Russia, Age Distribution, Cross-Sectional Studies, otolaryngology, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Self Report, Hearing Loss, Aged
Abstract

Objective With data on frequency of hearing loss in Russia and Eastern Europe generally lacking, we assessed the prevalence of hearing loss in a Russian population. Setting The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study was conducted in the rural and urban regions of Bashkortostan, Russia. Participants With an inclusion criterion of age 40+ years, the study included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals (mean age: 59.0±10.7 years; range: 40–94 years). Primary and secondary outcome measures Hearing loss was examined in 5397 (91.5%) study participants, assessed using a standardised interview with questions from the ‘Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version (HHIE-S)’. Results The prevalence of self-reported hearing loss (26.1%, 95% CI 24.2 to 27.2) increased from 10.9% (95% CI 8.0 to 13.7) in participants aged 40–45 years old to 59.0% (95% CI 51.6 to 66.4) in those aged 80+ years old. It was higher for men than for women in the 60–80 years age group (38.93%, 95% CI 35.8 to 42.1, vs 32.8%, 95% CI 30.2 to 35.3; p=0.003). On multivariable analysis, higher prevalence of hearing loss was associated with older age (p

Published
2019

19. Axial length and its associations in a Russian population: The Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Mukharram M Bikbov, Gyulli M Kazakbaeva, Timur R Gilmanshin, Rinat M Zainullin, Inga I Arslangareeva, Venera F Salavatova, Guzel M Bikbova, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Nikolai A Nikitin, Artur F Zaynetdinov, Ildar F Nuriev, Renat I Khikmatullin, Yulia V Uzianbaeva, Dilya F Yakupova, Said K Aminev, and Jost B Jonas

Subjects
Science, Medicine
Abstract

PURPOSE:To assess the normal distribution of axial length and its associations in a population of Russia. METHODS:The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5,899 (80.5%) individuals out of 7328 eligible individuals aged 40+ years. The participants underwent an ocular and systemic examination. Axial length was measured sonographically (Ultra-compact A/B/P ultrasound system, Quantel Medical, Cournon d'Auvergne, France). RESULTS:Biometric data were available for 5707 (96.7%) individuals with a mean age of 58.8±10.6 years (range:40-94 years; 25%, 50%, 75% quartile: 51.0, 58.0, 66.0 years, respectively). Mean axial length was 23.30±1.10 mm (range: 19.02-32.87mm; 95% confidence interval (CI): 21.36-25.89; 25%, 50%, 75% quartile: 22.65mm, 23.23mm, 23.88mm, resp.). Prevalences of moderate myopia (axial length:24.5-26.5mm) were 555/5707 (8.7%;95%CI:9.0,10.5) and 78/5707 (1.4%;95%CI:1.1,1.7), respectively. Longer axial length (mean:23.30±1.10mm) was associated (correlation coefficient r2:0.70) with older age (P

Published
2019

20. Prevalence and associated factors of anemia in a Russian population: the Ural eye and medical study

Author

Ildar F. Nuriev, Jost B. Jonas, Said K. Aminev, Dilya F. Yakupova, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Renat I. Khikmatullin, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Svetlana R. Mukhamadieva, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Rinat M. Zainullin, Venera F. Salavatova, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, and Artur F. Zaynetdinov

Subjects
Adult, Male, Ural eye and medical study, medicine.medical_specialty, Anemia, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Gastroenterology, Russia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 610 Medical sciences Medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Aged, Population-based study, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Menopause, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Female, Hemoglobin, business, Research Article
Abstract

Background: Although anemia is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease, information about its prevalence in Russia is mostly missing. We therefore assessed its prevalence and associated factors in a Russian population. Methods: The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals (mean age:59.0 ± 10.7 years;range:40–94 years) who underwent a standardized interview and detailed general examination. The definition of anemia was based on the hemoglobin concentration (definition #1:hemoglobin concentration

Published
2019

21. Prevalence of Myopic Maculopathy Among Adults in a Russian Population

Author

Timur A. Khalimov, Ainur A. Zinatullin, Guzel Bikbova, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Kamila R. Safiullina, Iulia Rusakova, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Rinat M. Zainullin, Dilya F. Yakupova, Natalia I. Bolshakova, Ildar F. Nuriev, Jost B. Jonas, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, and Ellina M. Rakhimova

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Population, Glaucoma, Russia, Cohort Studies, Optic neuropathy, Macular Degeneration, Risk Factors, Myopia, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, education, Aged, Original Investigation, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Research, Age Factors, Fundus photography, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Online Only, Ophthalmology, Maculopathy, Female, sense organs, business, Optic nerve disorder, Cohort study
Abstract

Key Points Question What is the prevalence of myopic maculopathy in a Russian population? Findings In this case-control study of 5794 individuals, the prevalence of any myopic maculopathy was 1.3%; stage 2, 0.8%; stage 3, 0.2%; and stage 4, 0.2%. A higher prevalence of myopic maculopathy was associated with longer axial length, older age, and thinner peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, but not with any major internal medical disease, level of education, ethnicity, or sex. Meaning In this population from Russia, myopic maculopathy prevalence was independent of educational level and major internal medical diseases, but it may be associated with nonglaucomatous optic neuropathy., Importance Although myopic maculopathy has become a major cause of vision impairment worldwide, few data from Russia and Central Asia on the prevalence of myopic maculopathy have been available. Objective To assess the prevalence of myopic maculopathy and its associations with ocular and systemic parameters in a population in Russia. Design, Setting, and Participants The Ural Eye and Medical Study, a population-based case-control study, was conducted in rural and urban areas in Bashkortostan, Russia, from October 26, 2015, to July 4, 2017. Data analysis was performed from September 13 to September 15, 2019. The Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 of 7328 eligible individuals (80.5%) aged 40 years or older. Exposures A detailed ocular and systemic examination included fundus photography and optic coherence tomography for the assessment of myopic maculopathy. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence of myopic maculopathy. Results The present investigation included 5794 of the 5899 eligible individuals (98.2%; 3277 [56.6%] women; mean [SD] age, 58.9 [10.7] years) with available information about myopic maculopathy. Mean (SD) axial length was 23.3 (1.1) mm (range, 19.78-32.87 mm). Prevalence of any myopic maculopathy was 1.3% (95% CI, 1.0%-1.6%); myopic maculopathy stage 2, 0.8% (95% CI, 0.6%-10.0%); stage 3, 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.4%); and stage 4, 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.4%). The prevalence of moderate to severe vision impairment and blindness was 29.8% (14 of 47 participants; 95% CI, 16.2%-43.3%) in stage 2 myopic maculopathy, 57.1% (8 of 14 participants; 95% CI, 27.5%-86.8%) in stage 3, and 100% (13 of 13 participants; 95% CI, 100%-100%) in stage 4. In multivariable analysis, a higher myopic maculopathy prevalence was associated with longer axial length (odds ratio [OR], 4.54; 95% CI, 3.48-5.92; P, This case-control study examines the prevalence of myopic maculopathy among individuals aged 40 years or older in rural and urban areas in Russia.

Published
2020
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22. Intraocular Pressure and Its Associations in a Russian Population: The Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Venera F. Salavatova, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, Dilya F. Yakupova, Renat I. Khikmatullin, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Rinat M. Zainullin, Svetlana R. Mukhamadieva, Ildar F. Nuriev, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Jost B. Jonas, Said K. Aminev, and Mukharram M. Bikbov

Subjects
Adult, Male, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Rural Population, Intraocular pressure, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Urban Population, Cross-sectional study, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Russia, 03 medical and health sciences, Tonometry, Ocular, 0302 clinical medicine, Nerve Fibers, Ophthalmology, Linear regression, Glaucoma surgery, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, education, Intraocular Pressure, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Glaucoma, Middle Aged, Prognosis, eye diseases, Confidence interval, Cross-Sectional Studies, Population Surveillance, Standardized coefficient, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Russian population, Female, sense organs, Morbidity, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

To assess the normal distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and its associations with ocular, medical, and socioeconomic factors in a Russian population.Population-based cross-sectional study.The Ural Eye and Medical Study conducted in a rural and urban area in Ufa/Bashkortostan included 5899 (80.5%) participants out of 7328 eligible individuals aged 40+ years. IOP was measured by noncontact tonometry.After exclusion of individuals after glaucoma surgery or with antiglaucomatous therapy, mean IOP was 13.6 ± 3.8 mm Hg (median: 13 mm Hg; range: 3-49 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8-23 mm Hg). The IOP range within the mean ± 2 standard deviations was 6.0-21.2 mm Hg. In multivariable analysis higher IOP was associated (regression coefficient r: 0.40) with the systemic parameters of female sex (nonstandardized regression coefficient B: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.22, 0.66; standardized regression coefficient beta: 0.06; P.001), urban region of habitation (B: -0.27; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.03; beta: 0.03; P = .03), Russian ethnicity (B: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.74; beta: 0.05; P = .001), higher body mass index (B: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.08; beta: 0.08; P.001), lower physical activity score (B: -0.02; 95% CI: -0.03, -0.002; beta: -0.03; P = .02), higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (B: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.76; beta: 0.03; P = .02), higher systolic blood pressure (B: 0.01; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.02; beta: 0.08; P.001), fewer days with intake of fruits (B: -0.07; 95% CI: -0.12, -0.01; beta: 0.03; P = .01), lower blood concentration of bilirubin (B: -0.01; 95% CI: -0.02, -0.003; beta: -0.04; P = .008) and urea (B: -0.11; 95% CI: -0.17, -0.04; beta: -0.04; P = .003), worse best-corrected visual acuity (B: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.90; beta: 0.13; P .001), thicker central corneal thickness (B: 0.036; 95% CI: 0.033, 0.039; beta: 0.32; P .001), higher anterior corneal refractive power (B: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.18; beta: 0.05; P = .003), lower anterior chamber depth (B: -0.57; 95% CI: -0.83, -0.30; beta: -0.07; P.001) (or lower prevalence of cataract surgery [B: -0.78; 95% CI: -1.44, -0.13; beta: -0.03; P = .02]), longer axial length (B: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.42; beta: 0.07; P .001), and higher prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (B: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.63; beta: 1.01; P .001). Measured IOP decreased by 0.36 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.33, 0.39) for each increase in central corneal thickness by 10 μm.IOP was associated with a multitude of systemic and ocular parameters, the associations of which may be considered in defining the normal range of IOP.

Published
2018

23. Pterygium Prevalence and Its Associations in a Russian Population: The Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva, Nikolai Nikitin, Dilya F. Yakupova, Rinat M. Zainullin, Venera F. Salavatova, Said K. Aminev, Ildar F. Nuriev, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Jost B. Jonas, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Renat A. Kazakbaev, Mukharram M. Bikbov, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Renat I. Khikmatullin, and Yulia V. Uzianbaeva

Subjects
Adult, Male, Rural Population, medicine.medical_specialty, Urban Population, Cross-sectional study, Population, Disease, Pterygium, Russia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Tomography, Optical, education, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Ultrasonography, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Axial length, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Confidence interval, Ophthalmology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Population Surveillance, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Russian population, Population study, Female, sense organs, business, Conjunctiva
Abstract

To assess the prevalence of pterygia and its associations in a population in Russia.Population-based cross-sectional study.The Ural Eye and Medical Study was performed in a rural and urban area in Ufa/Bashkortostan 1300 km east of Moscow. Out of 7328 eligible individuals aged 40+ years, 5899 (80.5%) individuals participated and underwent an ocular and systemic examination. Pterygia, defined as conjunctival extensions onto the clear cornea, were diagnosed upon slit-lamp examination and on corneal photographs.Mean pterygium prevalence (per individual) was 138/5888 (2.3%; 95% confidence intervals [CI]:2.0, 2.7), with bilateral occurrence in 45 individuals (32.6% of patients with pterygium; 0.8% of study population). Pterygium prevalence increased from 0.8% (95% CI: 0.02, 1.6) in the age group from 40 to45 years to 3.6% (95% CI: 2.1, 5.1) in the age group of 75+ years. In multivariable analysis, higher pterygium prevalence was associated with older age (P = .006; odds ratio [OR]: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04), rural vs urban region of habitation (P.001; OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.46), and lower level of education (P = .03; OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99), while the pterygium prevalence was statistically independent of sex (P = .34), Russian vs non-Russian ethnicity (P = .59), presence of diabetes mellitus (P = 1.00), arterial hypertension (P = .86), vegetarian vs mixed diet (P = 1.00), blood lipid concentration (P.30), history of cardiovascular disease (P = .49), or axial length (P = .52).In this rural and urban, typically multiethnic Russian study population aged 40+ years, a higher pterygium prevalence (mean: 2.3%) was correlated with older age, rural region of habitation, and lower educational level, while it was statistically independent of most other systemic or ocular parameters. A pterygium was not a biomarker for an internal medical disease.

Published
2018

24. Axial length and its associations in a Russian population: The Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Mukharram M, Bikbov, Gyulli M, Kazakbaeva, Timur R, Gilmanshin, Rinat M, Zainullin, Inga I, Arslangareeva, Venera F, Salavatova, Guzel M, Bikbova, Songhomitra, Panda-Jonas, Nikolai A, Nikitin, Artur F, Zaynetdinov, Ildar F, Nuriev, Renat I, Khikmatullin, Yulia V, Uzianbaeva, Dilya F, Yakupova, Said K, Aminev, and Jost B, Jonas

Subjects
Adult, Male, Endocrine Disorders, Vision, Ocular Anatomy, Visual Acuity, Social Sciences, Russia, Cornea, Macular Degeneration, Endocrinology, Reference Values, Ocular System, Myopia, Prevalence, Medicine and Health Sciences, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Psychology, Geriatric Ophthalmology, Intraocular Pressure, Aged, Ultrasonography, Aged, 80 and over, Visual Impairments, Diabetic Retinopathy, Retinal Degeneration, Biology and Life Sciences, Middle Aged, Axial Length, Eye, Ophthalmology, Geriatrics, Macular Disorders, Metabolic Disorders, Retinal Disorders, Eyes, Female, Sensory Perception, Anatomy, Head, Research Article, Neuroscience
Abstract

Purpose To assess the normal distribution of axial length and its associations in a population of Russia. Methods The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5,899 (80.5%) individuals out of 7328 eligible individuals aged 40+ years. The participants underwent an ocular and systemic examination. Axial length was measured sonographically (Ultra-compact A/B/P ultrasound system, Quantel Medical, Cournon d'Auvergne, France). Results Biometric data were available for 5707 (96.7%) individuals with a mean age of 58.8±10.6 years (range:40–94 years; 25%, 50%, 75% quartile: 51.0, 58.0, 66.0 years, respectively). Mean axial length was 23.30±1.10 mm (range: 19.02–32.87mm; 95% confidence interval (CI): 21.36–25.89; 25%, 50%, 75% quartile: 22.65mm, 23.23mm, 23.88mm, resp.). Prevalences of moderate myopia (axial length:24.5-26.5mm) were 555/5707 (8.7%;95%CI:9.0,10.5) and 78/5707 (1.4%;95%CI:1.1,1.7), respectively. Longer axial length (mean:23.30±1.10mm) was associated (correlation coefficient r2:0.70) with older age (P

Published
2018

25. Frequency and Associated Factors of Bone Fractures in Russians: The Ural Eye and Medical Study

Author

Nikolai Nikitin, Dilya F. Yakupova, Mukharram M. Bikbov, R.R. Fayzrakhmanov, Ildar F. Nuriev, Jost B. Jonas, Inga I. Arslangareeva, Timur R. Gilmanshin, Renat I. Khikmatullin, Said K. Aminev, Rinat M. Zainullin, Venera F. Salavatova, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Svetlana R. Mukhamadieva, Artur F. Zaynetdinov, Yulia V. Uzianbaeva, and Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Article, Russia, 03 medical and health sciences, Fractures, Bone, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Pelvis, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Hip Fractures, Odds ratio, Bone fracture, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Menopause, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Fractures, Female, Ankle, business
Abstract

With information about frequency of bone fractures in Russia mostly missing, we assessed the frequency of previous bone fractures in a Russian population. The population-based study Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals (mean age: 59.0 ± 10.7 years; range: 40–94 years). The history of previous bone fractures was assessed in a standardized interview for 5397 (91.5%) individuals. Mean frequency of any previous bone fracture was 1650/5397 (30.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 29, 3, 31.8). In multivariate analysis, higher frequency of bone fractures was associated with male sex (P P P P = 0.001; OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.82) and higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (P = 0.007; OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.56), low blood pressure episodes with hospital admission (P = 0.001; OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.37, 3.16), tumbling (P P P

Published
2017

26. Prevalence, awareness and control of diabetes in Russia: The Ural Eye and Medical Study on adults aged 40+ years.

Author

Mukharram M Bikbov, Rinat R Fayzrakhmanov, Gyulli M Kazakbaeva, Rinat M Zainullin, Inga I Arslangareeva, Timur R Gilmanshin, Venera F Salavatova, Nikolai A Nikitin, Svetlana R Mukhamadieva, Dilya F Yakupova, Renat I Khikmatullin, Artur F Zaynetdinov, Yulia V Uzianbaeva, Said K Aminev, Ildar F Nuriev, and Jost B Jonas

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

PurposeNon-communicable chronic diseases have become the leading causes of mortality and disease burden worldwide. With information about the frequency of diabetes as a major non-communicable chronic disease in Russia being scarce, we assessed the prevalence of diabetes and its associated factors in a rural and urban population in Russia.MethodsThe Ural Eye and Medical Study is a population-based study in the city of Ufa/Russia and in villages in a distance of 65 km from Ufa. Inclusion criterion was an age of 40+ years. All study participants underwent a standardized interview and a detailed general examination. Diabetes mellitus was defined by a plasma glucose concentration ≥7.0 mmol/L or self-reported history of physician diagnosis of diabetes.ResultsOut of a population of 7328 eligible individuals, 5899 individuals (2580 (43.7%) men) (participation rate:80.5%) participated (mean age:59.0±10.7 years (range:40-94 years)). Diabetes mellitus was present in 687 individuals (11.7%;95% confidence interval (CI):11.9,12.5). Awareness rate of having diabetes was 500/687 (72.8%;95%CI:69.0,76.0), with mean known duration of diabetes of 10.0±9.4 years. Known type 1 diabetes was present in 44 subjects and known type 2 diabetes in 358 subjects. Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 3.2% (95%CI:2.7,3.6) in the study population. Among patients with diabetes, 59.1% (95%CI:55.4,62.8) received treatment for diabetes, among whom 237 (58.5%;95%CI:53.7,63.3) individuals had adequate glycemic control. In multivariable analysis, higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus was associated with older age (PConclusionsIn this ethnically mixed, urban and rural Russian population aged 40+ years, the awareness rate of diabetes (72.8%) was relatively high, while the diabetes prevalence (11.7%) was comparable with that of other countries such as China and the USA. Factors associated with higher diabetes prevalence were similar in Russia and these other countries and included older age, higher body mass index and higher serum concentration of triglycerides, lower prevalence of vigorous daily work, arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.

Published
2019
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