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In the present article, I explore a number of aspects pertaining to the esthetics and the poetics of the graphic novel through an analysis of Marjane Satrapi's novel. Broderies, a novel of mentalities, a novel illustrative for revisiting gender stereotypes, but also ethnical, racial, and cultural ones, becomes exemplary of the genre it pertains to, even if the author had already written another masterpiece, Persepolis, which established the characteristics of the genre. The novelistic Ekphrasis adds another layer to the narrative of emancipation, a narrative that recovers the traditional forms of the witness-told stories, frame stories so characteristic of oriental literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Originally belonging to a regional literature, but one that was nevertheless perfectly synchronised with the rest of the European Modernity, Paul Celan is the poet of two worlds. Formed into the multiethnic, cosmopolitan atmosphere of the city of Czernowitz, he had, thanks to his exceptional knowledge of the German language (alongside French and Romanian), the chance of a European destiny. Thus, he is the poet of a cultural synthesis as well as one of an exceptional poetic elaboration that outlives his times and overcomes the traumas of history. Paul Celan's poetic imagery and his refined verse consecrated him as a major poet, one with a reflective consciousness dramatically anchored in the pursuit of the poetic logos, as well as an important humanistic voice, one that paved the way for the poets of a new and valuable generation (with Helmut Heissenbüttel, Ingeborg Bachmann, Hans Magnus Enzensberger amongst its members). The cultural retrieval of this poet is not only due to the necessity of remembering the importance of his work as a poet and as a translator, but mostly it is due to the historical imperatives which reveal to us that, one hundred years ago, Bukovina's multiculturalism represented an invariant of the free, liberal spirit seen as an expression of the universality of the small and marginal cultures which, nonetheless, played a catalyzing, innovative or experimental role on the scene of the European Nodernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper attempts to identify some of the motivations of exile in the case of Romanian writers and painters of Jewish or German origin during the 20th century, and to assess the possibilities of their artistic assimilation into the European or world culture, according to the strategies and modes of creative discourse: from the experimental character of the avant-garde to the apparently aestheticizing forms having opposed the official discourses of the communist regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims at identifying the moral and symbolic patrimony specific to the multiethnic community of Rasnov. I opted for a cultural sociological approach as it opens up not only the possibility to study tangible aspects of culture but because it gives particular importance to intangible, spiritual, moral and symbolic values structuring the collective mind and the social behavior of the community. The complex social reality of this multiethnic group sheds light on the axiological significance various cultural identities gained by imposing models and sharing behavioral norms and moral and symbolic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper our main focus is to point out that Dadaism, as a challenging movement, will impose an anarchist, yet paradoxically supporting outlook on pure art, and on culture in its countercultural and anti-cultural forms. By means of this dynamic way of relating to the tradition of modernity, Dadaism becomes a second-level culture, a semiotic system centered on the desacralization of all the prestige markers of Art as an institution, validating and legitimizing “the sign of negated signs” (Lotman) through the parodic and ironic palimpsest, contaminating itself with the discontinuity of modernism per se and with the “tradition of rupture“ and “betrayal“ (Compagnon). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article tries to define the inherent philosophy of the creation of Dadaism in the field of programmatic writing manifested through the form of literary manifesto, a production which elaborates itself paradoxically, just at the level of the spontaneity ('s mimicry), of the ludic-poetical practice. Its mechanisms self-contain both a natural legitimation which organically belongs to the foundation of some literary-artistic schools (like Dadaism and Constructivism, in European Avant-garde and Cannibalism or Cultural Antropophagy in Brasylian Modernism), and a dec-legitimizing phase, that gets justified itself through the cynico-kynical reason about which Peter Sloterdijk speaks (1983). Important for both the Avant-garde's poetic as for the history and evolution of the Art in general, the dada manifesto became, at the beginning of the 20th Century, a form of reevaluating the artistic codes, a manner of putting under discussion the Creator and the Receiver as well, a productive strategy of irony and humor, of absurd and contradiction poetry of innovating the aesthetic languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the patterns and forms of aesthetic legitimation typical to Creacionismo (Creationism), a poetic movement promoted by the Chilean poet Vicente Huidobro. The poet's ingenious personality and his innovating spirit left the mark of genuine cultural synthesis within the dynamics of the Hispanic-American modernism. Huidobro provides Hispanic literature with a unique, noteworthy and authentic configuration within a cultural field that witnessed the dissemination and the clashes of the 20th century's avant-garde and modernist movements. The patterns exhibited by the creationist manifestos confirm an original spirit, brimming with cosmopolitanism and creativity, a holistic intellectual consciousness, inaugural visionaries and a well-articulated critical and theoretical groundwork, further illustrated by the poetic output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The paper addresses from the neonatologist clinician's perspective to a category of high risk newborns, affected by pregnancy-induced hypertension, a pathological entity particular only in gestational period. It is different from pre-existing hypertension before pregnancy and disappears after childbirth and delivery of the placenta. Material and method Based on rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, were established two equal groups of newborns (n=116): a study group including newborns of mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension and a study group including newborns whose mothers have not pregnancy-induced hypertension, randomized case-control pattern. There were analyzed for comparison a number of 18 parameters, focused on their postnatal development issues. For their registration it was used the database from Neonatology Clinic "Bega" Timisoara. For statistical data processing we used SPSS 17.0. Results Significant results were considered those who presented major differences in adaptation and neonatal pathology, the group study being affected. For a confidence interval of 95%, we recorded p < 0,05 (significant differences), for next parameters: low birth weight, the degree of immaturity, early neonatal adapting difficulties, the need of neonatal reanimation and mechanical ventilation in the first 24 hours of life and the incidence of neonatal hypoxic pathology. Conclusions By reducing placental blood flow, pregnancy-induced hypertension significantly affect fetal nutrition and oxygenation with whole metabolic consequences. This is more important when the onset is in early pregnancy and the duration of fetal suffering is more prolonged. This category is represented by neonates of mothers who developed pregnancy-induced hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at identifying the manners of representing history in a space which is protected by the diffuse boundaries of fiction and auto-enunciation, in Mircea Pora's short prose. The Ethical Authenticity of the author's transcription of history as it unfolds, testifies to the lucidity, scepticism and critical conscience of the individual who, for years on end, has questioned and has situated himself obliquely, incongruently in relation to the truth of the official discourse proclaimed by the institutions and authorities in charge with the shaping of an image of the national history. Literature as an act of collective memory also becomes, in this case, a personal lesson of survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication associated with pregnancy defined as any degree of glucose intolerance that occurs- or is first discovered during pregnancy, with normal values signaled before, and usually after pregnancy. Material and Method. This study analyzed the cellular differences that might contribute to the injuries of the feto-placental interface of insulin-controlled GDM patients. An optical microscopic analysis was performed on 26 full term placentas, of which 15 were of gestational diabetes mellitus and 11 control group. The histological observation centered upon the: trophoblast, villous stroma and fetal capillary. The fetal average weight was 3840 g for the studied group vs. 2760 g for the control group. Results. Through optical microscopy were identified varying degrees of lesions consisting of: villous edema, proliferation and villous fibrosis of the capillaries, large number of syncytial knots, important fibrinoid necrosis, moderate fibrin thrombi, hyperplasia of the syncytiotrophoblast, chorangiosis, slightly thickened of the basement membrane of the feto-maternal interface. Conclusion. The increased angiogenesis of feto-placental vessels of the terminal villi - considered to be the cause of the placental abnormalities; and the increased risk of complications for e.g. miscarriage, stillbirth, macrosomia, and congenital anomalies may be prevented by a good control over the glycemic levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to define of the concept of ars poetica, following its diachronic transformations in function, its constitutive and legitimatory valences. From its systematic, lawmaking character, ars poetica develops in modernity into a particular form of establishing a style, a personal manner expressing the identity of one's writing and onto-poetic experience. Its ratification in modernity is no longer under the influence of the academia, under the pressure of canonical poetics, having its basis, at best, on anti-literary and metaliterary responses to previous paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through his writings, either theoretical, programmatic or essays, the Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa, appears as twice an anarchist: both a heteronymic and an orthonymic one. In this study, we shall analyse the cultural legitimating strategies that Pessoa, under Álvaro de Campos's mask but also as himself, builds, thus contributing to the definition and refinement of modernist critical awareness within which scepticism will convert to stronger reactions, futuristic visions, messianic-apocalyptic tones, becoming more complicated in the subtle architectures of irony and Dadaist palinodic cynicism, leading the European spirit into a deep reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To present the main structural modifications of the feto-placental interface, in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Material and Method. We have studied the main microscopical modifications of 68 placentas obtained after delivery for two equal groups: one group (N1=34), representing mothers with PIH and another group (N2 = 34) normotensive mothers. The samples obtained by sections were specificaly prepared for the study of 3 types of histological stains and 2 types of immunohistochemical stains. For the histological examination we used optical microscopy for observing mainly the lumen of spiral arteriole and changes in its tunica intima and media. Results. We registered the following structural modifications in the pregnancies with PIH versus normal ones: changes in endothelium -76,47%, fibrinoid necrosis - 73,52%, the hypertrophy of tunica media - 67,64%, bridging syncytial knots -32,35%, avascular small terminal villi with hyaline fibrosis of the stroma-41,17% and the thrombosis of the spiral arterioles -26,47%. Conclusions. A better understanding of the immunohistological damages demonstrated through our study, concerning the preeclamtic feto-maternal interface, will change in the future, our understanding about the role of this placental unit in PIH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An accurate monitoring of mucosal inflammation is important for an effective management of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the fecal calprotectin as indicator of inflammatory activity in children with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) by correlating it with biological, clinical and endoscopic indices. Methods: A total of 22 children presenting IBD were evaluated (16CD/6UC). Fecal calprotectin, blood tests, Pediatric CD Activity Index (PCDAI), Pediatric UC Activity Index (PUCAI), CD Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS) and Mayo Disease Activity Index (MDAI) were used for children evaluation at diagnosis and after 6 months of treatment. Results: In CD children, calprotectin showed a high correlation (r = 0.775) with the histologic grade of mucosal inflammation, showed by CDEIS and a medium correlation with CRP(r = 0.623). lt didn't correlated with PCDAI (r = 0.325). In UC children, calprotectin correlated moderate (r=0.581) with CRP and it was strongly correlated with PUCAI (r = 0.752) and MDAI (r = 0.796). Calprotectin levels decreased significantly after 6 months of treatment in all IBD patients (p = 0.038). Conclusions: In CD children fecal calprotectin was more accurate in detection of active mucosal inflammation when compared to clinical score and serum marker CRP. The relatively poor correlation between calprotectin levels and PCDAI might not be due to a calprotectin low sensitivity in CD children, but to the fact that PCDAI is mostly a clinical score and is not sensitive enough to detect subclinical activity of the disease. Fecal calprotectin correlated well with endoscopic indices both in CD and UC children. So, it can provide a reliable noninvasive marker for monitoring IBD activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Important for both the Avant-garde's poetic as for the history and evolution of Art in general, the Collage became, at the beginning of the 20th Century, a form of reevaluating the artistic codes, a manner of putting under discussion both the Creator and the Receiver, a productive strategy of innovating the aesthetic languages. The present article tries to define the inherent philosophy of creation manifested through this form of production which elaborates itself paradoxically, just at the level of the spontaneity ('s mimicry), of the ludic-poetical practice. Its mechanisms self-contain both a natural legitimation which organically belongs to the foundation of some literary-artistic schools (like Dadaism and Constructivism), and a delegitimizing phase, that gets justified itself through the cynico-kynical reason, as discussed by Peter Sloterdijk [1983]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims at providing a multilayered reading of Matei Călinescu's novel, Viaţa şi opiniile lui Zacharias Lichter (The Life and Opinions of Zacharias Lichter), by following the themes and motifs (among them, the recurrent theme of freedom), as well as the complex symbolic patterns with which the author, who is both a literary theorist and a creative writer, operates. The main character, Zacharias Lichter is responsible for the literary impact of the book, since the "prototype" is rather uncommon. Of Rimbauldian origin, he embodies the image of the interrogative mind beyond ages and historic-political contexts, being a projection of an ethical consciousness which manifest itself in atypical ways, incongruent with the norms and habitudes which define a life merged or subjugated to the public and the common and communitarist ethics. Lichter, in his singularity, may be defined only by rupture, by ironic denial towards the sociality of the world he lives in. He is the prophet who takes his role seriously, identifies with this mask and lives, beyond it, still as a misfit and as an eccentric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current paper we analyse the relations existing between the Sibiu Literary Circle and the image of the cultural mentor, Eugen Lovinescu, the spiritual connections of the writers signing the Manifesto of the Circle and the European tradition and values. In this respect, we demonstrate how, through the impressive intellectual background of the members of the Circle, the Romanian literature in 1940-1945 sets a cosmopolite dialogue with major cultures patterns, especially in the German area, through Lucian Blaga, Ion Negoitescu, Radu Stanca. Due to these authors, the issue of tradition, of rewriting the past do not inscribe in the provincial or national-messianic dimension, but, on the contrary, in that of universally fertile patterns, with catalytic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the introduction of a new mythology of poetic modernism by means of colors and words. If desacralization, as a symptom of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, led to what Jean- Luc Nancy defines as "the interrupted myth", Mallarmé and the Impressionists, and then Sensationism (Fernando Pessoa), the English Imagists (Ezra Pound), Futurism, Abstractionism, Expressionism, Suprematism, regained and imposed new artistic codes, new myths in which colour became the support, the instrument and the universal Cratylean language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By dwelling upon such issues as the European identity reflected in literature, the action of trans-national cultural stereotypes or the construction of canon, the present essay debates from an interdisciplinary perspective on the theoretical and concrete foundations of the concept of European literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of educational instrument that the Romanian Language and Literature textbook used to hold during the communist regime is incontestable. To subject these textbooks to an inventory is not an easy but rather a necessary endeavor especially because of their deconstructionist exploratory potential. Cosmina Cristescu opts for an approach to a rich material that perpetuated, at an educational level, structures of the imaginary and of rhetoric pertaining to communist ideology, from the vantage point of ideological disenchantment. Her undertaking is one that involves the investigation of normative models for the study of Romanian literature encountered in the only available textbooks during the communist period. Here literature functioned as a metadiscourse, as an ideology transfer institution and the research of this environment becomes an opportunity to ponder, from a pedagogical perspective, upon the cultural-political habitus of the period between 1948 and 1989. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]