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The Assam Movement (1979–85) was one of the most significant political developments in the history of Assam. It demanded the detection and deportation of illegal immigrants from Assam. The movement passed through several phases, many of which involved violence. It includes the clashes between the agitators and the left-leaning political parties and organizations, which resulted in severe violence and even several fatalities. Certain works related to the violence and the Assam Movement provide information on the nature and timelines of those violence. However, there is a gap in the analysis of the reasons behind this development. Therefore, this paper attempts to understand the said gap historically. The primary sources for the study are archived files and documents. The study argues that the violence broke out as a result of the development of left politics, the emergence of regional political parties, and the left's involvement in the Assam Movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the main trends of population change across the territory of Lithuania and the impact of immigration on the development of peripheral rural areas in the early 21st century. Qualitative methods were employed to reveal the attitudes of residents of peripheral areas towards arriving new residents and their potential contribution to local development. Special attention is paid on the attitudes of local community leaders and new settlers towards immigrants, including war refugees from Ukraine, illegal immigrants from distant countries, returnees, and residents arriving from other regions of Lithuania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vatandaşların can ve mal güvenliğine yönelik gerçekleştirilen terör eylemleri ile devletin denetimi dışında gerçekleşen yasa dışı göç faaliyetleri devletlerin güvenlik politikalarını şekillendiren tehdit unsurları arasında yer almaktadır. Yabancıların Avrupa ülkelerine ulaşmak amacıyla yasa dışı yollardan Türkiye sınırlarına giriş yapması ya da terör örgütleri tarafından hedeflenen saldırılarda yasa dışı göçün bir araç olarak kullanılmasının Türkiye’nin sınır ve ulusal güvenliğine yönelik bir tehdit oluşturduğunu söylemek mümkündür. 13 Kasım 2022 tarihinde Taksimde gerçekleştirilen terör eyleminin faili Suriye\ yabancı uyruklu kadın terörist yasa dışı yollardan Türkiye’ye gelmiştir. Bu kapsamda çalışma 13 Kasım 2022 tarihinde gerçekleştirilen terör saldırısına yönelik siyasal parti liderlerinin açıklamalarının yasa dışı göç açısından değerlendirilmesi amacıyla ele alınmıştır. Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (TBMM)’ de grubu bulunan Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AK Parti), Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi (MHP), İYİ Parti, Cumhuriyetçi Halk Partisi (CHP) ve Halkların Demokratik Partisi (HDP) liderlerinin saldırı sonrasındaki ilk parti grup toplantılarındaki açıklamaları yasa dışı göç teması üzerinden nitel içerik analizi kapsamında analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda; muhalif parti grubunda yer alan İYİ Parti ve CHP liderlerinin söylemlerinde yasa dışı göç, terör saldırısı ve ulusal güvenlik arasında doğrudan bir ilişki kurulurken, HDP eş başkanının ifadelerinde ise yasa dışı göç vurgusunun yapılmadığı saptanmıştır. İktidar kanadında olan MHP siyasi lideri tarafından teröristin kaçak yollardan ülkeye giriş yaptığı vurgulansa da ayrıca yasa dışı göç sorununa yönelik bir ifadeye rastlanılmamıştır. AK Parti siyasi parti liderinin söylemlerinde ise yasa dışı göç unsuruna yer verilmediği tespit edilmiştir.

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Business Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Regional economic integration has emerged as a significant focus for China in the post-pandemic era, as the nation seeks to establish mutually beneficial relationships with external economies and promote national development. In this study, the entropy method is employed to construct an index system tailored specifically to the four provinces within the Yangtze River Delta region. This research aims to explore the advantages and challenges of regional economic integration in China by conducting a comparative analysis of the Yangtze River Delta. The study also evaluates the merits and drawbacks of different integration models, drawing on examples from developed countries. The ultimate goal of the research is to provide insights and recommendations for China's regional economic integration, thus contributing to the country's overall prosperity. The results revealed that factors such as economic downturns caused by the pandemic have led the United States to experience a resurgence of racism and xenophobia, reminiscent of historical periods of American nativism, marked by economic insecurity and rapid demographic changes due to mass immigration. However, unlike previous eras with unrestricted immigration, the U.S. has tightened border policies and reduced the number of immigrants, using violent methods to expel unauthorized immigrants, such as Mexican migrant workers, along with their children born in the U.S., forcing them to move to a country where they may not speak the language or understand the culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aposta is the property of Aposta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Research in Developmental Social Work is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT: The objective of this article is to question all the artistic representations of the Harraga phenomenon through the issue of otherness, a phenomenon that is accompanied by representations and discourses accentuating the sense of commitment of gratitude towards these young victims of drifting societies and highlighting the magnitude of the subject. Besides these aspects, the desire for exodus can be read from a double anthropological and psychological perspective: if the young Harraga flees his country for a better future, if the refugee aspires to peace by moving, the artist expresses his exodus by leaving the real world for the virtual in search of truths and possible meanings through indirect and rhetorical means, romantic, allegorical and pictorial dimensions that incite reflection. RÉSUMÉ : L’objectif de cet article est celui d’interroger l’ensemble des représentations artistiques du phénomène des Harraga au travers de la problématique de l’altérité, phénomène qui s’accompagne de représentations et de discours accentuant le sens de l’engagement faisant œuvre de reconnaissance envers ces jeunes victimes de sociétés en dérive et mettant en exergue l’ampleur du sujet. Outres ces aspects, le désir de l’exode se lit selon une double perspective anthropologique et psychologique: si le jeune Harraga fuit son pays pour un avenir meilleur, si le réfugié aspire à la paix en se déplaçant, l’artiste exprime son exode en quittant le monde réel pour le virtuel à la recherche de vérités et de sens possibles par des moyens indirects et rhétoriques, des dimensions romanesques, allégoriques et imagées qui incitent à la réflexion.

In our research paper, we dealt with a well-known topic, which is the increase in the illegal immigration phenomenon in the Euro-Mediterranean region, with the aim of highlighting its various causes, its most important aspects and its impact on the countries of the two banks of the Mediterranean especially the Maghreb region. The phenomenon of illegal immigration has taken on dangerous dimensions in the latter, which makes the subject of many international conferences in order to find effective mechanisms to reduce it, bring views closer together between the two banks, and try to cooperate to bridge the cultural differences between them.

In this paper, we have chosen to discuss the topic of illegal migration from the perspective of the authorities responsible for maintaining law and public safety in Romania. Specifically, we will explore their approach to this threat and propose solutions within national strategies for law and public safety. Following an extensive analysis of the current social context, the evolution of criminality, the effects of antisocial acts, as well as the prevention and combat methods employed by other entities within the country and the European Union, the Ministry of Internal Affairs is seeking solutions to reduce the negative impact of these threats on public order. The objectives of national public order strategies vary from country to country, but they all share the common goal of ensuring a safe and secure environment for citizens. Considering factors such as increased mobility (including policies that promote it), legal and illegal migration, the dynamics of the international security environment, interstate relations, and cross-border criminality, cooperation in ensuring public order becomes imperative. National public order strategies are essential tools for preventing and managing events that may disrupt the harmony and stability of nations. They contribute to maintaining the safety of citizens, protecting individual rights and freedoms, and promoting social cohesion. A well-developed and implemented national strategy has a significant impact on the quality of life for citizens, creates opportunities, attracts foreign investments, and thus fosters economic development and social progress. This article provides an overview of the most important aspects considered relevant for the analysis and planning of illegal migration. It aims to review previously developed public order and security strategies, identifying parallels to assess the dynamics of the related criminal phenomenon and the evolution of preventive and counteraction procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Psychological & Educational Sciences is the property of Journal of Psychological & Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Populist leaders can move towards authoritarianism by turning crises into opportunities in order to maintain their dominance of power. In this context, the pandemic process, which has turned into a global crisis, can turn into a tool for the right-wing populist parties in power to implement the views such as the suppression of civil society and anti-foreign and antiimmigration views. In this process, in addition to the policies that cause authoritarianism, the discourse / expressions used by the authorities are effective in the reproduction and dissemination of the right-wing populist ideology. In Hungary, where the right-wing populist Hungarian Citizens' Union Party (Magyar Polgári Szövetség - FIDESZ) is in power, the first case was seen in a foreign national (Iranian) individual, causing anti-xenophobia discourses to be associated with the pandemic. In this context, the period between March 4, 2020, when the first case was seen, and March 13, 2020, when the decision to deport foreign nationals, when the first cases were seen, was determined as the time frame in the study. In Hungary, the Origo news site, which has a high readership rate, the national newspapers Magyar Hırlap and Magyar Nemzet, which are known for their closeness to the government, and the regional newspaper with the highest circulation, Kısalföld, are subject to discourses within the scope of "corona virus and illegal immigration / xenophobia". In the context of Van Dijk critical discourse analysis, the news headlines were examined through macro structure. In conclusion; ıt has been determined that a generalization has been made by emphasizing that the geographical areas where the immigrants come from are "dangerous" areas in terms of epidemic and terrorism. In addition, within the framework of the friend-enemy distinction, the legitimacy of the policies implemented by positioning the foreigners as the enemy against the Hungarian people was tried to be emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Higher Education Research is the property of Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Higher Education Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Financial, Accounting & Managerial Studies is the property of Journal of Financial, Accounting & Managerial Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The issue of illegal immigration from North Africa to Europe is one of the most prominent phenomena that have preoccupied analysts, researchers, and decision-makers, considering that it affects the security of countries and societies alike in North Africa, especially after the wave of protests in 2011. The proposed study focuses on two main questions: What are the repercussions of illegal immigration on the European Union? What are the most important European Union policies to address illegal immigration from North Africa? The methodology of the study employs the qualitative method since it helps provide a substantial and rich description of this complex phenomenon, tracking unique or unexpected events by analyzing the following policies: the Barcelona Process, the Schengen Agreement, the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, the 5+5 Dialogue, the European Neighbourhood Policy, and the Union for the Mediterranean. This article presents an analytical study of European policies to confront illegal immigration from North African countries. Finally, it is concluded the need to adopt a preventive strategy to confront illegal immigration in the Mediterranean region by addressing its causes, especially in the southern Mediterranean countries, which are considered source countries, for improving economic and social conditions.

The issue of illegal immigration from North Africa to Europe is one of the most prominent phenomena that have preoccupied analysts, researchers, and decision-makers, considering that it affects the security of countries and societies alike in North Africa, especially after the wave of protests in 2011. The proposed study focuses on two main questions: What are the repercussions of illegal immigration on the European Union' What are the most important European Union policies to address illegal immigration from North Africa? The methodology of the study employs the qualitative method since it helps provide a substantial and rich description of this complex phenomenon, tracking unique or unexpected events by analyzing the following policies: the Barcelona Process, the Schengen Agreement, the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, the 5+5 Dialogue, the European Neighbourhood Policy, and the Union for the Mediterranean. This article presents an analytical study of European policies to confront illegal immigration from North African countries. Finally, it is concluded the need to adopt a preventive strategy to confront illegal immigration in the Mediterranean region by addressing its causes, especially in the southern Mediterranean countries, which are considered source countries, for improving economic and social conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Journal for Legal Studies is the property of Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article, based on the Appraisal System, investigates British journalists’ different attitudes toward China and Vietnam in British news reports about the Dover migrant tragedy in 2000 and the Essex migrant tragedy in 2019. By analyzing affect resources in a newly built corpus with the help of UAM Corpus Tool 3.3, this study finds that more negative affect resources are used to portray China than those depicting Vietnam. British journalists manipulated emotions to emphasize that China, whether in 2000 or 2019, was a backward and underdeveloped country where citizens tried all means to escape to Britain. However, when British journalists found that the victims were Vietnamese instead of Chinese, they shifted attention to the pitiful Vietnamese families of the victims and tended to arouse readers’ sympathy. The corpus findings highlight the ideological contradiction between Britain and China, reveal Britain’s distrust of China’s system, and suggest that the different comprehensive national powers of China and Vietnam have different impacts on Britain’s international status, verifying that news discourse is permeated by ideology, politics, and economy.

This article estimates the causal effect of the prospect of legal status on the employment outcomes of undocumented immigrants. The identification strategy exploits a natural experiment provided by an Italian amnesty program that introduced an exogenous discontinuity in eligibility based on date of arrival. The authors find that immigrants who are potentially eligible for legal status under the amnesty program have a significantly higher probability of being employed relative to undocumented immigrants who are not eligible. The size of the estimated effect is equivalent to about half the increase in employment that undocumented immigrants in our sample normally experience during their first year in Italy. These findings are robust to several checks and falsification exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the economic impact of illegal immigration in a dynamic general equilibrium model when the domestic labour supply is elastic and the fiscal policies include various taxes and income transfers. We first find that despite the mixed effects of illegal immigration on endogenous leisure-labour and saving-investment decisions, illegal immigration improves the welfare of domestic households in a dynamic competitive economy. The countervailing effects, however, show the wage differential improves individual welfare but hurts aggregate production. We then examine how the fiscal policies of illegal immigration influence a decentralised competitive equilibrium. Whereas the equivalence of economic incidence requires taxation on illegal immigrants, partial compliance causes the nonequivalence between labour income taxes and payroll taxes. Again, due to the countervailing effects, fiscal burden causes an adversary effect on the welfare of domestic households but stimulates aggregate economic performance. The opposite effects also arise in the fiscal contribution of illegal immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European countries have not been spared from the phenomenon of illegal immigration even with the emergence of the Corona pandemic in 2020, despite the decline in migration rates during this period, but this has not prevented the continuous flow of illegal immigrants to these countries, from this point of view we will approach the preparations of the countries to fight against this phenomenon in this special circumstance of health. This reality has forced European countries to take the necessary precautions and reconsider future control measures, in particular the health dimension, as well as the need to prepare to deal with illegal immigrants in view of the forecast of an increase in their number after the pandemic.

Copyright of Journal of Economic Administrative & Legal Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The phenomenon of illegal immigration is one of the most important current topics of interest to researchers, which requires study, research and diagnosis in order to distinguish between the terms used to denote this phenomenon, which are often used as synonyms despite their differences, including: clandestine immigration, illegal immigration and irregular immigration, In addition to trying to identify the main causes and contribute to proposing solutions to address them efficiently. This operation is conducted through analyzing, interpreting and discussing this phenomenon on the basis of data and statistics provided by official bodies and those published by media. The use of the term illegal immigration in the Algerian media discourse is addressed through the media's treatment of the phenomenon and the challenges it faces. As well as Different dimensions of the phenomenon of illegal immigration and the measures taken by the authorities to fight it are highlighted. The official authorities in Algeria have set up mechanisms to assess this fact in cooperation with its partners in an attempt to reduce its causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In contrast with the world's other migratory routes, the Mediterranean is the one where more migrants die or disappear in their attempt to reach Europe's coasts. Although different international instruments refer to the obligation of States and the captains of vessels to provide assistance to anyone who is in distress at sea, the truth is that there has been a progressive reduction in search and rescue operations by the European Union and its Member States. Faced with this inaction, various NGOs dedicated to humanitarian aid have deployed vessels in the Mediterranean in order to search for and rescue migrants in distress at sea. NGOs have come to play an important role in assisting migrants, although they have encountered substantial hostility on the part of certain States, which regard these NGOs as acting as accomplices in illegal migrant smuggling. Through an analysis of different measures by certain States to deter NGOs engaged in rescue operations in the Mediterranean and the current regulatory framework for combatting illegal immigration, this article aims to assess whether these humanitarian organizations can be considered to have been wrongly criminalized and what the consequences are from the perspective of the observance of human rights.

Transport companies or carriers contribute to immigration processes into the European Union in that they carry third-country nationals across EU external borders to the ter-ritory of the EU Member States. As part of the fight against illegal migration, the EU assigned specific responsibilities to carriers within the context of external borders control. Carriers are obliged to perform checks to verify whether the transported third-country nationals have the necessary travel documents. Moreover, they have to transmit cer-tain (air) passenger data to competent national authorities. In cases of failure to comply with these obligations, transport companies face dissuasive, effective and proportionate sanctions. Besides, carriers must assume responsibility for all third-country nationals on board if they are refused entry. The EU Member States can oblige carriers to return these third-country nationals to respective third countries. The author briefly analyses the EU legislative framework regarding international transport companies. To deline-ate the scope of carriers’ obligations towards competent border authorities of the EU Member States and to identify which particular role carriers play in combating illegal immigration to the EU, the applicable legal framework (namely the Carrier Sanctions Directive, the Passenger Data Directive and, to a certain extent, the Removal Directive) are be discussed. Additionally, sanctions that transport companies face for non-compli-ance with these obligations are discussed to assess whether the directives in their current versions can be regarded as creating a proper legal basis for sanctioning carriers. Finally, the author analyses which particular aspects still need to be clarified so that the role assigned to international transport companies in the fight against illegal immigration to the EU is clear and unambiguous and that illegal immigration to the EU can be effec-tively constrained.

The Illegals (Meir Levin, 1948), which was produced by Americans for the Haganah (AFH) is the only film to provide real-time documentation of these survivors' attempts to immigrate illegally to Palestine. However, despite the film's significance as a unique visual document, it was not screened when it most mattered, before the founding of the State of Israel, and over the years has been marginalized in the Zionist collective memory and in Zionist research. Based on primary and secondary historical sources, this article provides the first comprehensive analysis of the behind- the-scenes story of The Illegals and its post-production difficulties. It examines the disagreements, the misunderstandings, and the reasons why it failed to reach its potential audiences in time, all of which caused one of the most important documentaries in the history of Zionism to sink into oblivion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]