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This final technical report documents the demonstration and validation of regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane diffusion samplers (RCDM samplers) for use in collecting groundwater samples for perchlorate and a suite of explosives compounds. This project, ER-0313, was funded by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP). The primary objectives of the project were; (1) to determine the usefulness of RCDM samplers in collecting perchlorate and a suite of explosives compounds from groundwater, (2) to determine the optimum equilibration times for these constituents to diffuse into the RCDM sampler, (3) to compare water-quality results and sampling costs from samples collected with RCDM samplers to samples collected with a low-flow purging technique, and (4) to transfer the technology while gaining regulatory acceptance. Equilibration times were determined in bench-scale testing for perchlorate and 14 nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives compounds. Field comparisons were conducted at two Department of Defense (DoD) sites: (1) Aberdeen Proving Grounds (APG), Maryland, and, (2) Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey. Samples collected with the two sampling techniques were compared graphically and statistically to determine the significance of any differences found. RCDM samplers were found to cost significantly less than samples collected with a low-flow purging procedure. Sampling time was reduced by 84%, compared to low-flow purging. The total sampling costs per sample were calculated to be 71% less with an RCDM sampler, compared to low-flow purging., The original document contains color images.

This final technical report documents the demonstration and validation of regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane diffusion samplers (RCDM samplers) for use in collecting groundwater samples for perchlorate and a suite of explosives compounds. This project, ER-0313, was funded by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP). The primary objectives of the project were; (1) to determine the usefulness of RCDM samplers in collecting perchlorate and a suite of explosives compounds from groundwater, (2) to determine the optimum equilibration times for these constituents to diffuse into the RCDM sampler, (3) to compare water-quality results and sampling costs from samples collected with RCDM samplers to samples collected with a low-flow purging technique, and (4) to transfer the technology while gaining regulatory acceptance. Equilibration times were determined in bench-scale testing for perchlorate and 14 nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives compounds. Field comparisons were conducted at two Department of Defense (DoD) sites: (1) Aberdeen Proving Grounds (APG), Maryland, and, (2) Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey. Samples collected with the two sampling techniques were compared graphically and statistically to determine the significance of any differences found. RCDM samplers were found to cost significantly less than samples collected with a low-flow purging procedure. Sampling time was reduced by 84%, compared to low-flow purging. The total sampling costs per sample were calculated to be 71% less with an RCDM sampler, compared to low-flow purging., Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Geological Survey, West Trenton, NJ.

This protocol report provides guidance and procedures for successfully using regenerated-cellulose dialysis membrane samplers (dialysis samplers). Development of the protocol was funded under project ER-0313 by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP). The objectives of this protocol report or user s guide are (1) to discuss the principle of operation of membrane diffusion samplers, (2) to present the basic design and steps in construction of dialysis samplers, (3) to discuss the considerations that must be taken into account before deciding to use a dialysis sampler, (4) to present the steps that must be taken in properly deploying, retrieving, and sampling a dialysis sampler, (5) to discuss the interpretation of field results obtained with dialysis samplers compared to other sampling methodologies, and to discuss how results may vary depending on the hydrologic and chemical variation over a well screen or open interval, and (6) to discuss QA/QC samples that should be collected when using dialysis samplers. This report is primarily concerned with the use of dialysis samplers for collection of groundwater samples from wells, but also discusses briefly the use of dialysis samplers for collection of pore water samples from stream or lake sediments. Findings from a number of recent field comparison case studies in which regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane sampler results are compared to other sampling techniques are reviewed. Dialysis samplers were developed to sample ground water for inorganic and organic constituents using a diffusion-type sampler. The dialysis sampler consists of a tube of high-grade regenerated-cellulose dialysis membrane filled with deionized water and placed inside an outer protective layer of polyethylene mesh. Dialysis samplers must be deployed in the screened or open interval of a well where ground water is flowing past the sampler to obtain a valid sample., Prepared in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

This protocol report provides guidance and procedures for successfully using regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane samplers (dialysis samplers). Development of the protocol was funded under project ER-0313 by the ESTCP. The objectives of this protocol report or user's guide are (1) to discuss the principle of operation of membrane diffusion samplers, (2) to present the basic design and steps in construction of dialysis samplers, (3) to discuss the considerations that must be taken into account before deciding to use a dialysis sampler, (4) to present the steps that must be taken in properly deploying, retrieving, and sampling a dialysis sampler, (5) to discuss the interpretation of field results obtained with dialysis samplers compared to other sampling methodologies, and to discuss how results may vary depending on the hydrologic and chemical variation over a well screen or open interval, and (6) to discuss quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)samples that should be collected when using dialysis samplers. This report is primarily concerned with the use of dialysis samplers for collection of ground water samples from wells, but also discusses briefly the use of dialysis samplers for collection of pore water samples from stream or lake sediments. Findings from a number of recent field comparison case studies in which regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane sampler results are compared to other sampling techniques are reviewed.