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Your search keyword '"Immunologic Factors/immunology"' showing total 9 results
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9 results on '"Immunologic Factors/immunology"'

1. An Immunomodulatory Gallotanin-Rich Fraction From Caesalpinia spinosa Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of Anti-PD-L1 in Melanoma

Author

Susana Fiorentino, Paola Lasso, Alena Donda, Alfonso Barreto, Pedro Romero, Amaia Martinez-Usatorre, Alejandra Gomez-Cadena, and Claudia Urueña

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, natural products, T cell, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, breast cancer, combined therapy, pd-l1, PD-L1, expression, medicine, melanoma, cancer, Immunology and Allergy, Cytotoxic T cell, breast, antitumor, biology, pathway, business.industry, Melanoma, blockade, Immunotherapy, medicine.disease, immunoresistance, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, immune-response, Cancer research, biology.protein, cells, immunotherapy, Antibody, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology, Antineoplastic Agents/immunology, B7-H1 Antigen/immunology, Breast Neoplasms/immunology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology, Caesalpinia/immunology, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation/physiology, Female, Humans, Hydrolyzable Tannins/immunology, Immunity/immunology, Immunologic Factors/immunology, MCF-7 Cells, Melanoma, Experimental/immunology, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Plant Extracts/immunology, Polyphenols/immunology, P2Et extract, business, lcsh:RC581-607, CD8, 030215 immunology
Abstract

PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays a role in inhibiting immune response. Therapeutic antibodies aimed at blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction have entered clinical development and have been approved for a variety of cancers. However, the clinical benefits are reduced to a group of patients. The research in combined therapies, which allow for a greater response, is strongly encouraging. We previously characterized a polyphenol-rich extract from Caesalpinia spinosa (P2Et) with antitumor activity in both melanoma and breast carcinoma, as well as immunomodulatory activity. We hypothesize that the combined treatment with P2Et and anti-PD-L1 can improve the antitumor response through an additive antitumor effect. We investigated the antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of P2Et and anti-PD-L1 combined therapy in B16-F10 melanoma and 4T1 breast carcinoma. We analyzed tumor growth, hematologic parameters, T cell counts, cytokine expression, and T cell cytotoxicity. In the melanoma model, combined P2Et and anti-PD-L1 therapy has the following effects: decrease in tumor size; increase in the number of activated CD4 + and CD8 + T cells; decrease in the number of suppressor myeloid cells; increase in PD-L1 expression; decrease in the frequency of CD8 + T cell expressing PD-1; improvement in the cytotoxic activity of T cells; and increase in the IFN γ secretion. In the breast cancer model, P2Et and PD-L1 alone or in combination show antitumor effect with no clear additive effect. This study shows that combined therapy of P2Et and anti-PD-L1 can improve antitumor response in a melanoma model by activating the immune response and neutralizing immunosuppressive mechanisms.

Published
2020

2. The impact of concurrent HIV and type II diabetes on immune maturation, immune regulation and immune activation

Abstract

Chronic immune activation and inflammation are constant findings in people living with HIV (PLWH) and contribute to the risk of non-AIDS-related morbidities, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is also characterized by immune activation and inflammation. We aimed to investigate the impact of concurrent HIV infection and T2D on T-cell subsets. The study included PLWH with T2D (HIV+T2D+, N = 25) and without T2D (HIV+T2D-, N = 25) and HIV-negative controls with T2D (HIV-T2D+, N = 22) and without T2D (HIV-T2D-, N = 28). All PLWH in the study were receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. We examined T-cell homeostasis by determining T-cell subsets (immune maturation, immune regulation and immune activation) using flow cytometry. HIV+T2D- had lower proportion of Tc17 cells and higher proportion of apoptotic cells than HIV-T2D-. When comparing HIV+T2D+ and HIV+T2D- a lower proportion of CD4+ recent thymic emigrants (RTE) was found (p = 0.028). Furthermore, HIV+T2D+ had a higher proportion of non-suppressive CD4+ Tregs compared to HIV+T2D- (p = 0.010). In conclusion, even in the setting of treated HIV infection, distinct immunological alterations are found. In PLWH with concomitant T2D, most alterations in T-cell subsets were related to HIV and only few differences were found between PLWH with and without diabetes.

Published
2019

3. Helical antimicrobial peptides assemble into protofibril scaffolds that present ordered dsDNA to TLR9

Author

Ernest Y. Lee, Mandy Hung, Michel Gilliet, Changsheng Zhang, Veronica Veksler, Jeremy Di Domizio, Fan Jin, Will Connell, Pengyu Ren, Gerard C. L. Wong, and Nicolas Malkoff

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical, 0301 basic medicine, Molecular model, Protein Conformation, Mutant, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Ligands, Scattering, chemistry.chemical_compound, Anti-Infective Agents, X-Ray Diffraction, Models, Scattering, Radiation, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Radiation, Cell Death, Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry, Anti-Infective Agents/immunology, Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemistry, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/pharmacology, Cell Death/drug effects, Cell Membrane/drug effects, Computer Simulation, DNA/chemistry, DNA/immunology, Humans, Immunologic Factors/chemistry, Immunologic Factors/immunology, Macrophages/drug effects, Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical/physiology, Toll-Like Receptor 9/chemistry, Toll-Like Receptor 9/immunology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, 0210 nano-technology, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Science, Antimicrobial peptides, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cathelicidins, Underpinning research, Membrane activity, Immunologic Factors, Macrophages, Cell Membrane, alpha-Helical, TLR9, Molecular, General Chemistry, DNA, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Toll-Like Receptor 9, Nucleic acid, Biophysics, lcsh:Q, Function (biology), Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Abstract

Amphiphilicity in ɑ-helical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is recognized as a signature of potential membrane activity. Some AMPs are also strongly immunomodulatory: LL37-DNA complexes potently amplify Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation in immune cells and exacerbate autoimmune diseases. The rules governing this proinflammatory activity of AMPs are unknown. Here we examine the supramolecular structures formed between DNA and three prototypical AMPs using small angle X-ray scattering and molecular modeling. We correlate these structures to their ability to activate TLR9 and show that a key criterion is the AMP’s ability to assemble into superhelical protofibril scaffolds. These structures enforce spatially-periodic DNA organization in nanocrystalline immunocomplexes that trigger strong recognition by TLR9, which is conventionally known to bind single DNA ligands. We demonstrate that we can “knock in” this ability for TLR9 amplification in membrane-active AMP mutants, which suggests the existence of tradeoffs between membrane permeating activity and immunomodulatory activity in AMP sequences., Amphihelical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are bactericidal host defense factors, but their function as immunomodulators is emerging. Here the authors show that several AMPs organize DNA into periodic nanocrystals by self-assembling into superhelical protofibril scaffolds, which potentiates DNA sensing by TLR9.

Published
2019

4. Human innate lymphoid cells (ILCs): Toward a uniform immune-phenotyping

Author

Trabanelli, S., Gomez-Cadena, A., Salomé, B., Michaud, K., Mavilio, D., Landis, B.N., Jandus, P., and Jandus, C.

Subjects
body regions, skin and connective tissue diseases, Animals, Flow Cytometry/methods, Humans, Immunity, Innate/immunology, Immunologic Factors/immunology, Immunophenotyping/methods, Lymphocytes/immunology, allergy, flow cytometry, immune monitoring, innate lymphoid cells, leukemia, phenotype
Abstract

Helper innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), the most recently identified population of the ILC family, play a fundamental role in the restoration of tissue integrity, in the protection against infiltrating pathogens as well as in tumor immune-surveillance. ILCs have been divided into three main subsets, ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3, that can be specifically activated by different signals coming either indirectly from pathogens or from other cell populations, including cancer cells. Following activation, ILCs are in turn able to promptly secrete a wide range of soluble mediators that modulate effector cell functions. The discovery and the study of these immune cells is now offering important opportunities for innovative therapies of allergic airway diseases, inflammatory disorders and might be crucial for the discovery of new targets for the therapy of cancer. It is therefore fundamental that the scientific community establishes harmonized guidelines to obtain a consensus in the identification and phenotypical and functional characterization of ILCs. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society.

Published
2018

5. Human innate lymphoid cells (ILCs): Toward a uniform immune-phenotyping

Author

Sara, Trabanelli, Alejandra, Gomez-Cadena, Bérengère, Salomé, Katarzyna, Michaud, Domenico, Mavilio, Basile Nicolas, Landis, Peter, Jandus, and Camilla, Jandus

Subjects
ddc:616, Immunity, Lymphocytes/immunology, Flow Cytometry, Flow Cytometry/methods, Immunity, Innate, Immunophenotyping, ddc:616.8, body regions, Innate/immunology, Immunologic Factors, Animals, Humans, Immunologic Factors/immunology, Lymphocytes, skin and connective tissue diseases, Immunophenotyping/methods
Abstract

Helper innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), the most recently identified population of the ILC family, play a fundamental role in the restoration of tissue integrity, in the protection against infiltrating pathogens as well as in tumor immune-surveillance. ILCs have been divided into three main subsets, ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3, that can be specifically activated by different signals coming either indirectly from pathogens or from other cell populations, including cancer cells. Following activation, ILCs are in turn able to promptly secrete a wide range of soluble mediators that modulate effector cell functions. The discovery and the study of these immune cells is now offering important opportunities for innovative therapies of allergic airway diseases, inflammatory disorders and might be crucial for the discovery of new targets for the therapy of cancer. It is therefore fundamental that the scientific community establishes harmonized guidelines to obtain a consensus in the identification and phenotypical and functional characterization of ILCs. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society.

Published
2018

6. Effects of treatment on IgE responses against parasite allergen-like proteins and immunity to reinfection in childhood schistosome and hookworm coinfections

Abstract

Naturally occurring human immunity to both schistosomiasis and hookworm infection has been associated with IgE responses against parasite allergen-like proteins. Since the two helminths frequently coinfect the same individuals, there is growing advocacy for their concurrent treatment. However, both helminths are known to exert strong immunomodulatory effects; therefore, coinfected individuals could have immune responses different from those characteristically seen in monoinfected individuals. In this study, we measured changes in IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 responses to schistosome and hookworm antigens, including the allergen-like proteins Schistosoma mansoni tegumental-allergen-like 1 protein (SmTAL1), SmTAL2, and Necator americanus Ancylostoma-secreted protein-2 (Na-ASP-2), following concurrent treatment of schoolchildren coinfected with Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm. Antibody responses to schistosome egg (soluble egg antigen and SmTAL2) or somatic adult hookworm (AHW) antigens either decreased after treatment or were unchanged, whereas those to schistosome worm antigens (soluble worm antigen and SmTAL1) increased. The observed different effects of treatment likely reflect the different modes of drug action and sites of infection for these two helminths. Importantly, there was no evidence that the simultaneous treatment of coinfected children with praziquantel and albendazole affected schistosome- and hookworm-specific humoral responses differently from those characteristic of populations in which only one organism is endemic; schistosome- and hookworm-specific responses were not associated, and there was no evidence for cross-regulation. Posttreatment increases in the levels of IgE to schistosome worm antigens were associated with lower Schistosoma mansoni reinfection intensity, while no associations between humoral responses to AHW antigen and protection from hookworm reinfection were observed in this sample of school-aged children.

Published
2013

7. Effects of treatment on IgE responses against parasite allergen-like proteins and immunity to reinfection in childhood schistosome and hookworm coinfections

Abstract

Naturally occurring human immunity to both schistosomiasis and hookworm infection has been associated with IgE responses against parasite allergen-like proteins. Since the two helminths frequently coinfect the same individuals, there is growing advocacy for their concurrent treatment. However, both helminths are known to exert strong immunomodulatory effects; therefore, coinfected individuals could have immune responses different from those characteristically seen in monoinfected individuals. In this study, we measured changes in IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 responses to schistosome and hookworm antigens, including the allergen-like proteins Schistosoma mansoni tegumental-allergen-like 1 protein (SmTAL1), SmTAL2, and Necator americanus Ancylostoma-secreted protein-2 (Na-ASP-2), following concurrent treatment of schoolchildren coinfected with Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm. Antibody responses to schistosome egg (soluble egg antigen and SmTAL2) or somatic adult hookworm (AHW) antigens either decreased after treatment or were unchanged, whereas those to schistosome worm antigens (soluble worm antigen and SmTAL1) increased. The observed different effects of treatment likely reflect the different modes of drug action and sites of infection for these two helminths. Importantly, there was no evidence that the simultaneous treatment of coinfected children with praziquantel and albendazole affected schistosome- and hookworm-specific humoral responses differently from those characteristic of populations in which only one organism is endemic; schistosome- and hookworm-specific responses were not associated, and there was no evidence for cross-regulation. Posttreatment increases in the levels of IgE to schistosome worm antigens were associated with lower Schistosoma mansoni reinfection intensity, while no associations between humoral responses to AHW antigen and protection from hookworm reinfection were observed in this sample of school-aged children.

Published
2013

8. Diagnostic des maladies allergiques par le médecin de premier recours

Author

Eigenmann, Philippe

Subjects
Adult, ddc:618, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis, Immunoglobulin E/blood, Eczema/diagnosis, Family Practice, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis, Humans, Immunologic Factors/immunology, Female, Biological Markers/blood, Child, Conjunctivitis, Allergic/diagnosis, Medical History Taking, Hypersensitivity/*diagnosis/drug therapy/immunology, Skin Tests
Abstract

Primary care physicians will conduct allergy diagnosis based on the history provided by the patient. In case of a possible IgE type allergy, investigations will be made by skin tests or measurement of specific IgE antibodies in the serum. Interpretation of positive tests will have to consider possible sensitizations in absence of allergic symptoms that should not lead to inadequate therapeutic measures or diet. This review will provide to primary care physicians guidance to choose the best method in the appropriate situations for allergy diagnosis.

Published
2010

9. Developing connections amongst key cytokines and dysregulated germinal centers in autoimmunity

Abstract

Systemic autoimmunity owing to overactivity of Tfh and dysregulated germinal centers has been described in mice and humans. Cytokines such as IL-21, IFN-gamma, IL-6 and IL-17 are elevated in the plasma of mouse models of lupus, arthritis, and multiple sclerosis, and in subsets of patients with autoimmune disease. Monoclonal antibodies targeting these cytokines are entering clinical trials. While these cytokines exert pleiotropic effects on immune cells and organs, it is becoming clear that each and all of them can profoundly regulate Tfh numbers and/or function and induce or maintain the aberrant germinal center reactions that lead to pathogenic autoantibody formation. Here we review recent discoveries into the roles of IL-21, IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-17 in germinal center responses and antibody-driven autoimmunity. These new insights used in conjunction with biomarkers of an overactive Tfh pathway may help stratify patients to rationalize the use of emerging monoclonal anti-cytokine antibody therapies.

Published
2012

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