Search

Fracture is the act of breaking or dissolution in the continuity of a bone, with or without displacement of bone fragments. A 7-month-old Balami-Ouda cross Ram was presented at the Large Animal Clinic of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto with a complaint of lameness on the left hind limb which was noticed 3 days prior to presentation. Radiography of the limb, revealed a swollen left metatarsophalangeal joint with an impacted fracture at the distal end of the metatarsus and a valgus deviation of the phalanges. History further disclosed that the ram might be a victim of stampede by some cows in the farm, as it was managed semi-intensively with other animals (8 ewes, 6 rams and 5 cattle). The fracture was managed by closed reduction and external fixation using Plaster of Paris (POP) and a splint to redirect the valgus deviated limb back to its original position. This POP was removed on the 6th week after complete healing was ascertained on a radiograph and complete weight bearing was achieved. The ram was fully discharged at week 7. The fracture healed successfully without any form of complication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The analgesia after lower third molar alveolectomy is based on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that have significant risks, and are contraindicated in the third trimester of pregnancy. Aiming to reduce NSAIDs use after this surgery, we quantified analgesic effects of ultrasound (US)-guided extraoral mandibular nerve block. Methods: Thirty-six patients were equally allocated to the experimental or control group, based on their willingness to receive experimental US-guided extraoral mandibular nerve block for postoperative analgesia. The experimental block applied prior to lower third molar alveolectomy, was followed by standard intraoral inferior alveolar nerve block. In the control group, patients received only intraoral block of inferior alveolar nerve. All patients reported pain level (visual analogue scale, VAS) right after the application of blocks. The next day, patients reported duration of pain-free time and the use of analgesic. Results: The US-guided extraoral mandibular nerve block prolonged the pain-free time to 8 h (vs. 4 in control group, P < 0.001) and reduced NSAIDs use (12 patients needed analgesic in experimental vs. 17 patients in control group, P = 0.038). The application of experimental block was less painful (VAS = 2) than the application of intraoral inferior alveolar nerve block (VAS = 4, P = 0.011). In 8/18 patients in the experimental group US-guided extraoral mandibular nerve block solely achieved adequate surgical anesthesia. Conclusion: US-guided extraoral mandibular nerve block prolonged pain-free period and reduced the use of NSAIDs after lower third molar alveolectomy, thus proving to be successful analgesia method for this dental surgery. Clinical trial registration: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06009302, identification number: NCT06009302, date of registration: 18/08/2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of the Problem: Conventional injection technique with adrenaline during removal of impacted third molar of mandible had proportionally increased pain during administration with slow onset of action and shorter duration of anesthesia. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effective nature of 8.4% and 7.5% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride during surgical removal of mandibular impacted third molar. Materials and Method: This prospective crossover study included 50 patients requiring bilateral removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Group I included 50 impacted mandibular third molars that were administered with 8.4% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride and group II included 50 impacted mandibular third molars were administered with 7.5% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride. The outcome variables were pain on injection, time of onset of anesthesia, and duration of action of anesthesia. The above parameters were recorded by the investigator and statistically analyzed through Chi-square test using SPSS software. Results: Patients in group I had mild pain (1.02) and patients in group II (5.74) had moderate pain with a statistical significance of p< 0.05 for group I respectively. The mean onset of action of anesthesia in group I was 0.08 seconds and 0.59 seconds in group II (p< 0.05). The duration of anesthesia was 342.51 minutes from group I and 122.06 minutes in group II (p< 0.05) respectively. Conclusion: Lidocaine hydrochloride buffered with 8.4 % sodium bicarbonate was found to be more effective in reduction of pain during injection, also had a faster onset of action and longer duration of the action of anesthesia when compared to 7.5% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statement of the Problem: Conventional injection technique with adrenaline during removal of impacted third molar of mandible had proportionally increased pain during administration with slow onset of action and shorter duration of anesthesia. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effective nature of 8.4% and 7.5% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride during surgical removal of mandibular impacted third molar.Materials and Method: This prospective crossover study included 50 patients requiring bilateral removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Group I included 50 impacted mandibular third molars that were administered with 8.4% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride and group II included 50 impacted mandibular third molars were administered with 7.5% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride. The outcome variables were pain on injection, time of onset of anesthesia, and duration of action of anesthesia. The above parameters were recorded by the investigator and statistically analyzed through Chi-square test using SPSS software.Results: Patients in group I had mild pain (1.02) and patients in group II (5.74) had moderate pain with a statistical significance of p< 0.05 for group I respectively. The mean onset of action of anesthesia in group I was 0.08 seconds and 0.59 seconds in group II (p< 0.05). The duration of anesthesia was 342.51 minutes from group I and 122.06 minutes in group II (p< 0.05) respectively.Conclusion: Lidocaine hydrochloride buffered with 8.4 % sodium bicarbonate was found to be more effective in reduction of pain during injection, also had a faster onset of action and longer duration of the action of anesthesia when compared to 7.5% buffered lidocaine hydrochloride.

Abstract Background The analgesia after lower third molar alveolectomy is based on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that have significant risks, and are contraindicated in the third trimester of pregnancy. Aiming to reduce NSAIDs use after this surgery, we quantified analgesic effects of ultrasound (US)-guided extraoral mandibular nerve block. Methods Thirty-six patients were equally allocated to the experimental or control group, based on their willingness to receive experimental US-guided extraoral mandibular nerve block for postoperative analgesia. The experimental block applied prior to lower third molar alveolectomy, was followed by standard intraoral inferior alveolar nerve block. In the control group, patients received only intraoral block of inferior alveolar nerve. All patients reported pain level (visual analogue scale, VAS) right after the application of blocks. The next day, patients reported duration of pain-free time and the use of analgesic. Results The US-guided extraoral mandibular nerve block prolonged the pain-free time to 8 h (vs. 4 in control group, P

Copyright of Aydin Dental Journal is the property of Aydin Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Tooth impaction is a condition in which a tooth does not reach its normal position and is often observed in the third mandibular molar due to inadequate space. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and configuration of the impacted third molars with an emphasis on angular orientations in a sample of the Ethiopian population. This cross-sectional study included a retrospective analysis of 291 patient records and orthopantomography data from the archives of a private dental clinic in Addis Ababa, during the study period from December 2020 to November 2022. Demographic details and data on the position and level of the impacted third molars were evaluated using the Winter classification. Data were analyzed for frequency distribution. The prevalence of impacted third molars was 22% (n = 64), with a greater incidence on the right side (60.9%) and a higher frequency in the mandible (67.2%). Vertical angulation (32.8%), followed by mesioangular angulation (31.2%), was the most common impaction pattern. The results highlight the need for improved treatment protocols for third molar impaction, emphasizing the prevalence in the mandible and the importance of addressing vertical impaction. Regular dental check-ups are essential for assessing third molar impaction and planning appropriate management. These data can inform policymaking and treatment considerations for impacted third molars in the Ethiopian population.

Background: Mandibular third molar is prone to impaction, resulting in its inability to erupt into the oral cavity. The radiographic examination is required to support the odontectomy of impacted teeth. The use of computer-aided diagnosis based on deep learning is emerging in the field of medical and dentistry with the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. This review describes the performance and prospects of deep learning for the detection, classification, and evaluation of third molar-mandibular canal relationships on panoramic radiographs. Methods: This work was conducted using three databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Following the literature selection, 49 articles were reviewed, with the 12 main articles discussed in this review. Results: Several models of deep learning are currently used for segmentation and classification of third molar impaction with or without the combination of other techniques. Deep learning has demonstrated significant diagnostic performance in identifying mandibular impacted third molars (ITM) on panoramic radiographs, with an accuracy range of 78.91% to 90.23%. Meanwhile, the accuracy of deep learning in determining the relationship between ITM and the mandibular canal (MC) ranges from 72.32% to 99%. Conclusion: Deep learning-based AI with high performance for the detection, classification, and evaluation of the relationship of ITM to the MC using panoramic radiographs has been developed over the past decade. However, deep learning must be improved using large datasets, and the evaluation of diagnostic performance for deep learning models should be aligned with medical diagnostic test protocols. Future studies involving collaboration among oral radiologists, clinicians, and computer scientists are required to identify appropriate AI development models that are accurate, efficient, and applicable to clinical services.

Background: Maxillary central incisors (MCI) are the third most impacted teeth. Timely multidisciplinary management is indicated as unerupted incisors can cause functional‐ and appearance‐related distress. Aim: To assess the patient journey for children with unerupted MCI, including referral, clinical assessment, surgical management and follow‐up treatment, and highlight areas for improvement, as well as identify factors impacting orthodontic treatment burden (OTB). Design: A retrospective service evaluation of children aged 6–16 years who had surgical management of unerupted MCI under general anaesthetic (GA) between 2018 and 2021. Results: Fifty‐two children with 62 unerupted MCI were identified. Mean age at referral was 8.8 years. Most children (82.7%) had supernumerary teeth in the anterior maxilla. Mean time between listing for GA and surgery increased from 4.3 to 15.2 months following the COVID‐19 lockdown. Mean age at surgery was 10.4 years. Supernumerary removal and incisor exposure and bond was the most common treatment (56.6%). Most patients required hospital orthodontic treatment post‐surgery (65.4%). Conclusion: Most children referred were below 9 years (60.1%); these children had reduced OTB compared to those who had been referred at an older age. Stage of root development was also a significant predictor in OTB. An unexpected finding was that conical supernumeraries were found to prevent MCI eruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tooth impaction is a condition in which a tooth does not reach its normal position and is often observed in the third mandibular molar due to inadequate space. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and configuration of the impacted third molars with an emphasis on angular orientations in a sample of the Ethiopian population. This cross-sectional study included a retrospective analysis of 291 patient records and orthopantomography data from the archives of a private dental clinic in Addis Ababa, during the study period from December 2020 to November 2022. Demographic details and data on the position and level of the impacted third molars were evaluated using the Winter classification. Data were analyzed for frequency distribution. The prevalence of impacted third molars was 22% (n = 64), with a greater incidence on the right side (60.9%) and a higher frequency in the mandible (67.2%). Vertical angulation (32.8%), followed by mesioangular angulation (31.2%), was the most common impaction pattern. The results highlight the need for improved treatment protocols for third molar impaction, emphasizing the prevalence in the mandible and the importance of addressing vertical impaction. Regular dental check-ups are essential for assessing third molar impaction and planning appropriate management. These data can inform policymaking and treatment considerations for impacted third molars in the Ethiopian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandibular third molar is prone to impaction, resulting in its inability to erupt into the oral cavity. The radiographic examination is required to support the odontectomy of impacted teeth. The use of computer-aided diagnosis based on deep learning is emerging in the field of medical and dentistry with the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. This review describes the performance and prospects of deep learning for the detection, classification, and evaluation of third molar-mandibular canal relationships on panoramic radiographs. This work was conducted using three databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Following the literature selection, 49 articles were reviewed, with the 12 main articles discussed in this review. Several models of deep learning are currently used for segmentation and classification of third molar impaction with or without the combination of other techniques. Deep learning has demonstrated significant diagnostic performance in identifying mandibular impacted third molars (ITM) on panoramic radiographs, with an accuracy range of 78.91% to 90.23%. Meanwhile, the accuracy of deep learning in determining the relationship between ITM and the mandibular canal (MC) ranges from 72.32% to 99%. Deep learning-based AI with high performance for the detection, classification, and evaluation of the relationship of ITM to the MC using panoramic radiographs has been developed over the past decade. However, deep learning must be improved using large datasets, and the evaluation of diagnostic performance for deep learning models should be aligned with medical diagnostic test protocols. Future studies involving collaboration among oral radiologists, clinicians, and computer scientists are required to identify appropriate AI development models that are accurate, efficient, and applicable to clinical services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. Swelling, trismus, and pain (STP) are the most common complications that occur after the surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars (LTM). Buccal triangular and envelope flaps are the two most commonly used mucoperiosteal flaps in LTM surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the possible impact of these two types of flaps on the occurrence and intensity of postoperative STP after the surgical extraction of impacted LTMs. Methods. The study included 30 adult patients of both genders, with fully impacted LTMs in vertical position according to Winter classification and class I or II, and position A or B, according to Pell and Gregory classification. All patients were randomly divided into two groups depending on the type of the applied mucoperiosteal flap (triangular or envelope type). The degree of edema, interincisal distance (trismus), and the level of pain were evaluated preoperatively and at each follow-up (on the first, second, and seventh day postoperatively). Results. No statistically significant difference was found among the examined groups in terms of STP reduction in the postoperative period (p > 0.05). Conclusion. The choice of mucoperiosteal flap design, buccal triangular or envelope, during the surgical extraction of impacted LTMs has no impact on the intensity of postoperative STP.

Introduction: The proponents of local route of Dexamethasone (DXM) administration for impacted mandibular 3rd molar (MM3) surgeries claim advantages over the traditional systemic routes. This systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed to determine whether the route of perioperative administration of DXM influences the inflammatory outcomes of MM3 surgeries. Methodology: An electronic database search over a 25 year period of randomised trials of DXM in MM3 surgeries was conducted. The mean differences or standardised mean differences were extracted and pooled using the fixed or random-effects model. Results: Of the sixteen selected trials, four were considered for a meta-analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in the inflammatory outcomes between the local and systemic routes of DXM. Conclusion: The claimed advantages of the local route of DXM do not appear to be scientifically valid. Clinical trials supported with DXM plasma measurements are needed to confirm the absence of a systemic effect when DXM is administered locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indication-specific optimum field-of-views (FOVs) have been assessed for CBCT scans of impacted maxillary canines and mandibular third molars, as 40∅ × 35 mm and 35∅ × 35 mm, respectively. The objective was to investigate possible changes in absorbed organs and effective doses, for these two imaging indications, performing CBCT examinations with optimum FOV sizes instead of commonly used FOVs. Additionally, radiation exposure-induced cancer risk was calculated for both imaging indications with optimum FOVs. An adult female head phantom (ATOM 702-D, CIRS, Norfolk, VA, USA) was scanned using Planmeca Viso G7 CBCT-device (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland). Scanning factors, different FOV sizes, dose-area product (DAP) values and anatomical FOV locations were used for Monte Carlo PCXMC-simulation and ImpactMC software. In the PCXMC- simulation, 10-year-old child and 30-year-old adult phantoms were used to estimating effective and absorbed organ doses. The effective dose varied from 58 µSv to 284 µSv for impacted maxillary canines, and from 38 µSv to 122 µSv for mandibular third molars, the lowest dose value for each corresponding to optimum FOV. Effective dose reduction between the optimum FOV and the smallest common FOV of 50∅ × 50 mm, maintaining other scanning factors constant, was 33% for impacted maxillary canines, and 45% for mandibular third molars. At all examinations, the highest absorbed organ doses were in salivary glands or in oral mucosa. Optimum FOVs, 40∅ × 35 mm for impacted maxillary canine and 35∅ × 35 mm for mandibular third molar, could decrease effective doses received by young patients, and improve radiation safety in these common CBCT imaging procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of non-medical students regarding impacted teeth and the factors associated with KAP. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled non-medical students at two universities (Northeastern University and Shenyang Conservatory of Music) in northeastern China between December 2022 and February 2023. Scores > 70% were defined as adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and proactive practice. Results: A total of 519 non-medical students participated in this study. Most participants were male (54.72%), ≤ 20 years of age (72.83%), and freshmen (36.03%). The mean knowledge score was 4.98 ± 3.46 (possible range: 0–10), indicating poor knowledge (49.80%). The multivariable analysis showed that having impacted teeth were independently associated with adequate knowledge (OR = 3.114, 95% CI: 1.589–6.103, P = 0.001). The mean attitude score was 24.65 ± 3.78 (possible range: 7–35), indicating favorable attitudes (70.43%). The knowledge (OR = 1.182, 95% CI: 1.116–1.251, P < 0.001), junior grade (OR = 0.541, 95% CI: 0.327–0.895, P = 0.017), senior grade and above (OR = 0.477, 95% CI: 0.274–0.829, P = 0.009), and a history of impacted tooth extraction (OR = 2.386, 95% CI: 1.048–5.436, P = 0.038) were independently associated with the good attitudes. The mean practice score was 21.45 ± 5.64 (possible range: 6–30), indicating positive practice (71.50%). The knowledge (OR = 1.074, 95% CI: 1.017–1.133, P = 0.010) and female (OR = 1.501, 95% CI: 1.052–2.141, P = 0.025) were independently associated with the proactive practices. Conclusions: Non-medical students had poor knowledge but favorable attitudes and good practice toward impacted teeth. Non-medical students require additional education and awareness about the importance of early detection and management of impacted teeth. Clinical relevance: The study highlights the need for improved education and awareness among non-medical students regarding impacted teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandibular third molars are the most commonly impacted teeth. The prevalence and pattern of impacted mandibular third molars in patients presenting to the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, a tertiary hospital in south-western Nigeria, are largely unknown. This retrospective study examined 469 patient records, extracting socio-demographic and clinical information for analysis. It also determined the prevalence and pattern of impacted mandibular third molars from January 2015 to December 2019. The positioning of impacted teeth was assessed via periapical radiographs utilizing Winter's classification. Data were subjected to analysis with IBM SPSS version 20, utilizing frequencies, percentages, and likelihood ratios, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The prevalence of impacted mandibular third molars within the study cohort was 2.51%, with a higher incidence observed in the 21–29 age group (p < 0.001). Mesioangular impaction was the most prevalent, with pericoronitis being the primary reason for extraction, and periodontal pockets being the most common associated pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of impacted maxillary permanent incisors is challenging due to its importance for facial aesthetics. This anomaly has several detrimental effects that can lead to aesthetic and dental occlusal problems. Dental impactions can be associated with various factors. The most common factors associated with impacted teeth include extra teeth, odontomas, cysts, root anomalies, deviation from the eruption pathway, retention of supernumerary deciduous teeth, genetics, bone disease, and trauma to primary teeth. In addition, the highest probability of the transposition phenomenon was observed in the upper permanent canines. Transposition of the upper permanent canines occurs in 80% of cases with the first premolar and in 20% of cases with the lateral incisor. Both general and local factors can be responsible for tooth displacement. Local factors include genetic factors as well as dental anomalies (congenital absence of lateral incisors, conically shaped lateral incisors, rotation, hypodontia), migration of the tooth buds from their natural growth path, root dilaceration, dental trauma and enamel formation disorders. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the most accurate imaging procedure for diagnosing tooth misalignment. Intraoral surgery with sequential movements of impacted and displaced teeth helps to achieve an optimal treatment result. This study reports a case of the patient in whom an impacted central incisor was radiographically detected in the late mixed dentition together with transposition of the maxillary permanent canine.

Mandibular third molars are the most commonly impacted teeth. The prevalence and pattern of impacted mandibular third molars in patients presenting to the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, a tertiary hospital in south-western Nigeria, are largely unknown. This retrospective study examined 469 patient records, extracting socio-demographic and clinical information for analysis. It also determined the prevalence and pattern of impacted mandibular third molars from January 2015 to December 2019. The positioning of impacted teeth was assessed via periapical radiographs utilizing Winter’s classification. Data were subjected to analysis with IBM SPSS version 20, utilizing frequencies, percentages, and likelihood ratios, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The prevalence of impacted mandibular third molars within the study cohort was 2.51%, with a higher incidence observed in the 21–29 age group (p < 0.001). Mesioangular impaction was the most prevalent, with pericoronitis being the primary reason for extraction, and periodontal pockets being the most common associated pathology.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of the gubernacular canal observed on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in a group of Turkish populations according to age and gender. Materials and methods CBCT images of 500 cases were evaluated retrospectively, and a total of 117 impacted or erupting teeth were included in the study, and the presence of gubernacular canal was recorded according to age, gender and eruption status of the tooth. SPSS program was used for statistical analysis. Results The mean age of 117 buried/continuing patients was 17 ± 15.32, 55 (47%) were female and were 62 (53%) male patients. Presence of gubernacular canal was observed in 91 (77.8%) cases and this duct was not detected in 26 (22.2%) cases. While 40.2% of female were found to have canals, 37.6% of male had canals. When the presence of canals was examined, the presence of canals was found to be significantly higher in the erupting teeth. A significant difference was found when analyzed according to the mean age. Conclusions CBCT is a useful method of detecting the gubernacular canal. The presence of gubernacular canal was significantly higher in erupting teeth.

Mohamed Skitioui, Dounia Jaoui, Lauzan Haj Khalaf, Babacar Tour&#x00E9Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, College of Health Sciences, International University of Rabat, Rabat, MoroccoCorrespondence: Mohamed Skitioui, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, College of Health Sciences, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco, Email mohamed.skitioui@uir.ac.maObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of mandibular third molar malposition and its impact in relation to the lower second molar using panoramic radiography.Methods and Materials: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 353 panoramic images of patients who visited the Dental Clinic of the International University of Rabat. Panoramic images were analyzed in order to determine the number of second molar pathologies associated with the positions of third molars. The following radiographic lesions on the second molar were recorded: caries, root resorption and distal alveolysis. The Chi-square test was used to assess the association between different variables.Results: Of these 353 radiographies, 169 were males, ie, 48%, and 184 were females, ie, 52%. The age range was from 18 to 63 years. The prevalence of the impacted position of the lower third molar was noted in 60%. Distal caries on the second mandibular molar was present in 47.5% of instances having an impacted third molar. Caries was present in 65.5% of wisdom teeth in a normal position and was also present in 79.6% of the impacted teeth. This difference was statistically significant with p = 0.01. The angulation of the third molar is a factor of caries of the second molar: 58.56% of them were carious. Of all the teeth in association with an angulation, 72.03% showed distal alveolysis in the second molar. In addition, root resorption was found in 20.4% of second molars linked to a wisdom tooth in all angulation occurrences.Conclusion: It has been noted that among the pathologies seen on the mandibular second molar, distal alveolysis accounts for the majority of cases (58%), followed by caries (47.5%) and root resorption (13.3%). This study illustrated the importance of performing Orthopantomogram X-rays at each new consultation in patients over the age of 18.Keywords: impacted, partially-erupted, panoramic radiography, mandibular third molar, root resorption, caries, alveolysis, prevalence

Mandibular third molar impaction impose a great dental problem especially to young adults. It is the most commonly impacted tooth in the entire dentition of humans. The cause of impaction may vary and may include lack of space, malposition and physical barrier on the path of eruption. This impaction can lead to different pathologies, from infection to development of cysts. Injury to the inferior alveolar nerve during extraction of mandibular third molar is also a possibility during treatment which can lead to numbness, tingling or burning sensation of the affected side. It can also have adverse effects on the adjacent second molar. Several studies have been done to determine the angulation, depth of impaction, space available between the second molar and ramus, proximity to inferior mandibular third, status of adjacent second molar using several criteria and classification using orthopantomography (OPG) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). But there is very little research done on the precision of both OPG and CBCT and comparisons of their diagnostic accuracy. In this study, adults above 21 years of age who have impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM) will be taken for OPG where OPG will provide two-dimensional radiography and CBCT will deliver three-dimensional radiography. Different criteria will be used to assess the status of the impaction and see the sensitivity and specificity in both OPG and CBCT. This study is important to help determine which radiographic diagnostic tool is preferable for assessing the status of impacted third molar and its relation to its surrounding structures and estimate the difficulty index for extraction of mandibular third molar impaction. It will also further help in preventing any injury or complication which can arise to the surrounding structures both during and after extraction and which will also help in achieving best possible outcome for patients.

Muslat A Bin Rubaia’an,1 Aymen Neyaz,1 Faisal Talic,1 Ali Alkhamis,1 Abdulmalek Alghabban,1 Ahmad Assari2 1College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences Department, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Muslat A Bin Rubaia’an, Tel +966 557020222, Email Muslat.BinRubaiaan@riyadh.edu.saPurpose: To assess the state of mandibular and maxillary third molars in relation to different facial types in a Saudi population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) records.Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on CBCTs. Statistical analysis determined the relationship between impacted maxillary and mandibular third molars and different skeletal facial types. The degree of third molar impaction was evaluated.Results: A total of 198 CBCTs from subjects were evaluated, with a mean age of 34.2 years. Archer II classification was found to be significantly associated with all skeletal profiles. The incidence of mesioangular impactions in lower third molar showed a notable increase in the brachyfacial group, which was statistically significant.Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that different facial types are associated with the angulation of third molar impactions.Keywords: impacted, wisdom tooth, brachyfacial, dolichofacial, mesiofacial, retrospective

Introduction: Odontogenic lesions related to impacted teeth are common findings in routine dental exams, with the potential to cause tooth pain, displacement, bone expansion, or even bone erosion. Thus, their early detection is important. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of such lesions based on patient age, gender, and location at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, over five years. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated records from the oral pathology department, covering a five-year period. The association of odontogenic lesions with impacted teeth was assessed. Data on lesion type, patient age and gender, involved jaw, lesion location, and affected teeth were extracted from patient records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24. Results: Out of 815 odontogenic lesions, 44.4% were associated with impacted teeth. The patient distribution was 52.48% male and 47.52% female. Lesions were most prevalent in the third decade of life (24.58%), and third molars (59.39%) were frequently involved. The posterior mandible (68.5%) and mandibular third molar (55%) were common sites. Dentigerous cysts had the highest frequency (35.4%), with odontogenic cysts (developmental) occurring more frequently (70.7%) than odontogenic tumors. Conclusion: The study underscores a significant association between odontogenic lesions and impacted or unerupted teeth. Periodic follow-ups are crucial for retaining impacted teeth based on these findings. Keywords: Tooth; Impacted; Odontogenic cysts; Odontogenic tumors; Jaw; Pathology; Oral.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of the gubernacular canal observed on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in a group of Turkish populations according to age and gender. Materials and methods: CBCT images of 500 cases were evaluated retrospectively, and a total of 117 impacted or erupting teeth were included in the study, and the presence of gubernacular canal was recorded according to age, gender and eruption status of the tooth. SPSS program was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of 117 buried/continuing patients was 17 ± 15.32, 55 (47%) were female and were 62 (53%) male patients. Presence of gubernacular canal was observed in 91 (77.8%) cases and this duct was not detected in 26 (22.2%) cases. While 40.2% of female were found to have canals, 37.6% of male had canals. When the presence of canals was examined, the presence of canals was found to be significantly higher in the erupting teeth. A significant difference was found when analyzed according to the mean age. Conclusions: CBCT is a useful method of detecting the gubernacular canal. The presence of gubernacular canal was significantly higher in erupting teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maxillary canines are the second most frequently impacted teeth after the third molars. Bucco-palatal localization is the primary diagnostic task during radiographic examination of impacted maxillary canines for proper treatment planning. Such localization is done by a combination of clinical and radiographic findings. However, it is necessary to identify cases requiring 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in addition to 2D orthopantomograms (OPG) for accurate diagnosis. Materials and Methods: OPG and CBCT images of 75 impacted maxillary canines (IMC) were included in the study. Each OPG was evaluated for magnification index. The data obtained was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The present study revealed higher prevalence of impacted maxillary canines in females (73%), with a slightly higher prevalence on the left side (53%). Most of the impacted canines were present in the mid-alveolus region. All the cases had 100% concordance between OPG and CBCT while locating palatal and mid-alveolar impacted canines whereas for buccally impacted canines, the concordance between OPG and CBCT was 93%. Conclusion: Early radiographic examination and diagnosis are essential to recognize impacted maxillary canines. The sequela of delayed eruption or treatment of impacted canines may be severe resorption of the adjacent lateral and central incisors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug prescription decrease is a tendency observed in the choice of therapeutic conduct by health professionals. It is supported on scientific basis, and the correct choice of drugs individualizes the approach, making it possible to combine complementary therapies that help control postoperative inflammation and healing. Among these new techniques is laser therapy, which has been studied due to its wide applicability in Dentistry. It was sought to conduct research describing the effects of photobiomodulation in outpatient surgeries, specifically impacted third molars surgeries. For this, a search was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline databases, using the keywords "low level laser therapy", "extraction", "third molar" and "impacted". At the end of the analysis, 15 articles were selected. The results showed that the use of low-power laser had good outcomes as a complementary therapy, improving the patient's quality of life in the postoperative phase making recovery faster and without complications, since it acts on the synthesis of collagen, angiogenesis, fibroblasts, and pro-inflammatory mediators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent research, there has been a growing awareness of the role of genetic factors in the positioning and eruption of teeth in the maxilla and mandible. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of specific polymorphic markers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, and IRF6 genes to determine the predisposition to tooth impaction. The study participants were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of individuals with at least one impacted secondary tooth. In contrast, the second group (control group) had no impacted teeth in their jaws. To analyze the genes, real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and TaqMan probes were utilized to detect the selected polymorphisms. The findings suggest that disruptions in the structure and function of the mentioned genetic factors such as polymorphic and haplotype variants of PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, and IRF6 genes, which play a direct role in tooth and periodontal tissue development, might be significant factors in tooth impaction in individuals with genetic variations. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that tooth impaction may be influenced, at least in part, by the presence of specific genetic markers, including different allelic variants of the PAX9, AXIN2, and IRF6 genes, and especially MSX1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectopic permanent molar is a condition in which the permanent tooth deviates from its normal path of eruption. The etiology of this eruption anomaly is multifactorial, with both general and local factors. The principal results suggest that a valid indicator of irreversible consequences is the degree of impaction of the first permanent molar. Self-correction is most common between the ages of 7 and 8, after which help may be required. Accordingly, early management can assist in preventing subsequent potential challenges that could interfere with maintaining a balanced occlusion. Several variables, including the degree of mesial tilting, the level of root resorption, and the condition of the second primary molar, may be crucial in choosing the most effective method of treatment. Interproximal wedging and distal tipping are the two basic therapeutic strategies for ectopic permanent molars. Additionally, the use of fixed or removable appliances might also be required. Delaying treatment until a later stage is not recommended because early diagnosis and treatment are essential for optimal management. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ectopic permanent molars, including their prevalence, etiologic factors, self-correction rates, clinical implications for adjacent teeth, and various treatment techniques, that emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention in the successful management of ectopic permanent molars. In addition, it highlights the importance of future research into the contributing variables of irreversible ectopic molar outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the state of mandibular and maxillary third molars in relation to different facial types in a Saudi population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) records.Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on CBCTs. Statistical analysis determined the relationship between impacted maxillary and mandibular third molars and different skeletal facial types. The degree of third molar impaction was evaluated.Results: A total of 198 CBCTs from subjects were evaluated, with a mean age of 34.2 years. Archer II classification was found to be significantly associated with all skeletal profiles. The incidence of mesioangular impactions in lower third molar showed a notable increase in the brachyfacial group, which was statistically significant.Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that different facial types are associated with the angulation of third molar impactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a rare benign neoplasm that is typically treated through surgical enucleation and curettage. Any impacted tooth associated with the tumor are also extracted during the procedure. We present a case of AOT encompassing an impacted left maxillary central incisor in a 13-yearold male. The patient underwent routine treatment, but the tooth was orthodontically extruded using traction. Within two years, the incisor successfully attained its functional position in the arch, without any signs of recurrence. Preserving an impacted tooth associated with AOT is not common, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. It is important to manage AOT conservatively and to save the associated tooth for both functional and aesthetic purposes. Long-term follow-up is crucial to monitor any potential recurrence. In summary, our case highlights the successful orthodontic management and preservation of an impacted tooth in a teenager with AOT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Prior to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), orthodontic competence included radiological interpretation. Nevertheless, maxillary impacted canines (MICs), because of their position and adjacent complex anatomy, have been challenging to interpret, particularly with regard to root resorption. Although CBCT crosssectional reconstructions of MICs yielded clearer insights into its diagnosis and treatment planning, the value of simultaneously using 2 different cross-sectional or multiplanar reconstructions of the CBCT datasets - orthogonal and curved/panoramic multiplanar reconstructions - has hitherto not been considered. Materials and Methods: Both orthogonal and curved/panoramic multiplanar reconstruction series of 5 screenshots were each reconstructed from the 5 cm×5 cm CBCT datasets of 15 separate MICs. Fifteen credentialled and experienced orthodontist volunteers reviewed 2 separate PowerPoints of 15 randomized series each, 1 week apart. Their review considered 6 factors that could affect treatment: the position and level of the MIC, the presence or absence of root resorption, ankylosis, cysts, and dilaceration. Results: All 15 orthodontists were statistically similar regarding overall years of experience and of CBCT use. Although either reconstruction alone allowed the orthodontists to determine whether ankylosis and, to a lesser extent, most of the other features were present or absent in the MIC, reviewing both reconstructions together was necessary to determine whether root resorption was present or absent in the adjacent tooth. Conclusion: Reviewing both orthogonal and curved/panoramic multiplanar reconstructions was necessary to evaluate the presence or absence of root resorption in the teeth adjacent to MICs and that of many other features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Odontomas represent a common clinical entity among odontogenic tumors, but are not well-addressed in the Vietnamese population. The present study aimed to determine the clinical and preclinical characteristics of odontomas and associated factors in the Vietnamese population. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study retrieved data from histopathological diagnoses from 2 central hospitals of Odonto-Stomatology in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam during 2004-2017. The odontomas were classified as complex (CxOD) or compound (CpOD) subtypes. The epidemiological, clinical, and radiological characteristics of the odontomas, stratified by subtype and sex, were obtained and analyzed. Results: Ninety cases, consisting of 46 CxODs and 44 CpODs, were included. The average age of patients was 32.4 (±20.2) years. The patients with CxOD were older than those with CpOD (P<0.05). Clinically, 67% of patients showed an intraoral bone expansion. Approximately 60% of patients with CxOD exhibited a painful symptom, about 3-fold more than those with CpOD (P<0.05), whereas almost all patients with CpOD exhibited perturbations of dentition, unlike those with CxOD (P<0.05). Radiologically, CxOD was characterized by a larger dimension than CpOD in both sexes (P<0.05), and CpOD induced complications in adjacent teeth more often than CxOD (P<0.05). The development of odontoma with advancing age differed significantly in odontoma subtypes related to their pathological origins, and between the sexes, resulting from different physiological states. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the value of clinical and radiological features of odontomas and their associated factors for the early diagnosis and adequate treatment of younger patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar is a common procedure in dentistry. Many complications may arise after this operation, the most common being pain, trismus, and swelling. Systemic medications have been used in an attempt to manage these problems, but because of their side effects, the need for non-medication treatment arises to treat these complications without side effects, such as cryotherapy, ice packs, low-level laser therapy, and ozone. Ozone is one of the most effective antimicrobials used in the dentistry field, and it also has a positive effect on soft tissue healing, activates cellular metabolism, and can react with blood components; for these reasons ozone is used to manage trismus, swelling, and pain after removal of the mandibular third molar. Aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of topical ozone gel on complications from the extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients were enrolled in the current study and were randomly divided into two equal groups. Preoperatively clinical examination included measurement of facial swelling measurements and maximum mouth opening. The position and configuration of the impacted lower third molar, the surrounding bone, the mandibular canal, and the neighboring tooth were all assessed using a panoramic X-ray. On days 2 and 7, after surgery, the facial swelling dimensions and maximum mouth opening were again assessed. Statistics were used to analyze results. Results: Findings indicate statistical significance for pain, but not for swelling or mouth opening. Conclusions: After lower third molar surgery, topical ozone gel helps reduce postoperative pain.

The anterior open bite is a multifactorial malocclusion and a challenge between orthodontists. Based on the origin, divided in two types as dental and skeletal, and appear in the anterior or posterior segments, (unilateral or bilateral). Dental open-bite in the most of patients have environmental etiologic factor such as oral habits, tongue trust, mouth breathing, large tongue. In skeletal type, excessive vertical growth of the maxilla is etiologic factor and accompany with downward-backward rotation of the mandible.Case Report:The case was a 27years woman with an anterior open bite and unilateral impacted upper canine and congenital missing of lower 2ndpremolar in the left side and retained 2ndlower deciduous molar and upper canine in the left side. She consulted for orthodontic treatment in Tehran Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in October of 2017.The Orthodontic treatment was down with MBT slot 22 system (USA. Orthoorganizer, inc) for apply extrusive force on impacted upper canine in left side with auxiliary 014 ss, segmented arch wire. loop arch wire technique with 16×22 ss rectangular continuous arch wire was used for space closing in extraction site and correction overbite. The extracted teeth were right lower 2ndpremolar and left 2nddeciduous molar and 1stpremolars in upper arch. As recommended advancement genioplasty for correction chin deficiency the patient refused it. Conclusion:In this technique we used Orthodontic treatment alone instead of Orthognathic surgery for open bite correction

Autotransplantation is a potential treatment alternative when orthodontic traction of an impacted tooth is difficult. In this article, we describe two cases of guided autotransplantation of an impacted canine using a computer-aided designed and manufactured surgical template. The impacted canine was segmented on preoperative cone-beam computed tomography images to ensure a sufficient periodontal ligament space and placement of the donor tooth with the least pressure on it. The canine was virtually transposed using a simulation program considering the adjacent teeth. The surgical template, which was connected to the occlusal stop on adjacent teeth, was designed and 3D-printed with polymer resin. The recipient site was prepared using the surgical template, followed by immediate transplantation of the surgically extracted canine into the socket. The transplanted donor tooth was positioned in planned infra-occlusion to prevent occlusal interference. It was then splinted with the adjacent teeth for initial stabilization. During follow-up, one transplanted tooth showed pulp canal obliteration and the other had suspected pulp necrosis; endodontic treatment was performed. One year after the procedure, the periradicular condition of both teeth was favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infraocclusion of deciduous molars is a clinical disturbance that occurs during primary and mixed dentition and has some orthodontic implications. Infraoccluded teeth are believed to be potential sites of malocclusion, with a risk of tipping neighbouring teeth and losing space. This systematic review aims to analyse the management of primary molars infraocclusion and to provide updated guidelines. Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from 1 January 2017 to 28 November 2022. The inclusion criteria were: studies only on human subjects, open access studies, case reports, randomised trials, retrospective, observational studies, and English language. Results: A total of 372 publications were identified from the databases and a final number of nine studies were included in the review for qualitative analysis. Conclusion: Management of patients suffering from infraocclusion depends on the severity, age at diagnosis, and presence of succeeded premolars. Early diagnosis of infraoccluded primary elements is fundamental and cannot be postponed. Preservation of the primary molars may be a valid option with long-term stability if there is no or moderate primary molar infraocclusion, root resorption of less than half of the root, and no decay or restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mesiodens is rarely associated with the nasal floor. Several surgical techniques exist for the removal of nasally impacted mesiodens. This case report presents a 13-year-old male who had uneventful surgical extraction of nasally impacted asymptomatic mesiodens using a maxillary transnasal subperiosteal approach via a modified LeFort I vestibular incision. This novel technique, which requires surgical experience and expertise, is recommended due to optimal surgical access, resulting in reduced surgical time and less bone removal with a decreased risk of damage to the adjacent structures.

Background/Aim. A frequently reported phenomenon associated with impacted maxillary canines is root resorption (RR) of the adjacent teeth. The reported incidence of RR also depends on the radiographic imaging method used. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between two radiographic methods: panoramic imaging (orthopantomogram -- OPT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), in diagnosing contact between the impacted canine with the adjacent teeth and the existence of their resorption. Methods. The study included 64 subjects aged 12 to 33 years, with 80 impacted maxillary canines not orthodontically treated previously. Positions of impacted maxillary canines and possible RR of adjacent teeth were firstly estimated on the OPT and then on the CBCT. Results. The estimated prevalence of RR of permanent teeth was significantly different concerning the estimation of OPT and CBCT imaging. RR of the adjacent teeth was found in 25% of the OPT but in 66.25% of the CBCT. The lateral incisor was the tooth most commonly affected by RR. It is especially important to emphasize that premolar resorption was not detected at all using OPT. Conclusion. There was a highly significant difference between OPT and CBCT analysis concerning the relationship between the impacted canine and adjacent teeth and their possible resorptions. CBCT is a more accurate and precise examination method compared to OPT for determining the localization of impacted teeth and the possible presence of RR in the adjacent teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Maxillary permanent canines are the second most frequent cases of impacted teeth; their resolution demands a multidisciplinary evaluation to delineate a viable treatment plan based on the individual esthetic and functional outcomes required. An impacted maxillary permanent canine which was ankylosed in a horizontal position was extracted followed by a regeneration technique, filling the bone defect with biomaterial. An implant was immediately installed in the alveolus of the extracted deciduous canine, and a connective tissue graft was buccally positioned. After the osseointegration period, a modified Palacci and Nowzari surgical technique was performed to gain papilla, and the implant was loaded with an interim restoration with a proper profile to manipulate the soft-tissue contour. Finally, the definitive restauration was cemented achieving the desired outcomes. The achieved clinical outcomes remain stable during a 2-year follow-up. A successful management of this challenge esthetic case lies in the details at surgical and prosthetic phases based in biological response of the peri-implant tissues.

Introduction: Maxillary canine impaction is directly associated with changes in dentoalveolar dimensions and adjacent teeth displacement. This investigation aimed to perform skeletal and dentoalveolar measurements of unilateral palatally impacted canines and compare them with the unaffected contralateral side using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined unilaterally impacted canines of the maxilla in 46 CBCT scans. The lateral incisor angulations, nasal cavity width, alveolar bone height, bucco-palatal width, and arch perimeter were measured and compared on both impaction and unaffected sides. All statistical tests were two-sided and analyzed using the paired sample t test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test using SPSS 26.0. A P < 0.05 was deemed statistically meaningful. Results: On the impacted side, a significant decrease was observed in the width of the alveolar bone at the height of 2 mm (P = 0.001). Furthermore, at the height of 10 mm, the impacted side was significantly thicker (P = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the maxillary arch width on the nonimpacted and impacted sides (P = 0.001); the distance of mid-palatine raphe to the first premolar and canine proximal bone on the non-impaction side was significantly lower (13.251 ± 1.75 mm) compared to the impacted side (14.334 ± 1.80 mm) (P = 0.01). The external angle of the lateral maxillary incisor on the impacted side (86.803 ± 8.425°) showed a significant decrease (P = 0.001) compared with the contralateral side (91.403 ± 6.791°). Conclusion: The lateral incisors’ lateral angulations, the inter-premolar width, and the alveolar bone thickness can be affected by palatally impacted canine teeth. However, the height of the alveolar bone and the width of the nasal cavity are not affected.

Objective: Removal of third molars (3Ms) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by dental surgeons. 3Ms that are associated with pathologic changes such as infection, nonrestorable caries lesions, cysts, tumors, and destruction of adjacent teeth and bone are under consensus for their removal. However, debate exists regarding the prophylactic removal of asymptomatic impacted 3Ms. This review attempts to establish indications for prophylactic extraction of 3Ms. Method and Materials: Clinical experience and a summary of the literature are presented concerning the effects of retained 3Ms in relation to caries and periodontal disease, dental arch changes and anterior crowding, cysts and other etiologies, mandibular fractures, temporomandibular pain, and aging of bone. Results: Nearly half of impacted 3Ms are associated with some form of pathology, most frequently caries (20%) and periodontal disease (17%). They increase the probability of fractures and their presence results in difficult fracture reduction and a higher rate of complication. The number of 3Ms decreases rapidly with age, with only 31% remaining at 38 years of age. Conclusion: Preventive removal of 3Ms at a young age is justified because retained 3Ms are at high risk of developing various pathologies. In addition, at older ages extraction of 3Ms becomes more complex, with an increased rate of complication due to deteriorated systemic physiologic conditions and changes in bone physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To document the frequency of agenesis, position, class and angulation of impacted mandibular third molar teeth in patients age ranged between 21-25 years visiting Khyber College of Dentistry using Pell and Gregory and Winter’s classification system. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics in Khyber College of Dentistry. Period: March to September, 2020. Material & Methods: A total number 390 patients having impacted mandibular third molar were selected using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. All impacted mandibular third molar teeth on panoramic radiographs were reviewed by a single examiner using X-ray viewer to determine agenesis, position, class and angulation of impaction. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 22.89 SD ± 1.41 years and majority of the patients were males (n= 203, 52.1%) and were from the age group 23 years (n= 114, 29.2%). Overall, majority of the impacted third molars both right and left side were Position C (57.5%) followed by Position A (30.75%) and Position B (11.7%). Agenesis were identified in 5.7% of the total sample assessed. Impaction patterns of the third molar was higher among males (52%) compared to females (48%). Most common angulation pattern on both arches was Mesioangular (46.4%) and least common was buccolingual (4.6%). A highly statistical significant difference was identified with chi-square test when angulation pattern was compared with gender. (P < 0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, this research provides useful data regarding the different pattern of third molars impaction. The most common pattern of impaction on both arches was Position C and Class 3. Mesioangular angulation was identified in maximum number of patients. The results of the current study will help the maxillofacial surgeons in the safe removal of the impacted mandibular third molar specially in the healthcare settings where the resources are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the importance of panoramic radiographs in diagnosis and treatment planning for pediatric patients. The objective of this study is to examine and determine the rate of incidentally observed oral pathologies, associated lesions, dental anomalies and dentition status in pediatric patients. Materials and Method: A total of 102 panoramic radiographs obtained from Department of Oral Medicine, Saveetha Dental College. These radiographs were randomly selected from pediatric patients with mixed dentition who came for their regular dental check up. Panoramic radiographs were examined to detect the presence of any lesions, pathologies, anomalies and also their dentition status. Results obtained were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Among the 102 radiographs, the most commonly observed finding was decayed primary tooth (76.5%) with second commonest finding being eruption delay due setback in exfoliation of primary tooth or retained deciduous tooth (20.4%). Hypodontia accounted for about 15 in 102 radiographs (15.3%). Impacted tooth was found in about 6.12% of the OPG's. Pulp therapy was done in 5.1% cases and Crown placement was done without pulp therapy in 8.16% cases. Clinical Significance: A dental professional must be able to differentiate between normal and variation in normal panoramic radiographs which plays a key role in diagnosing and treatment planning of these conditions accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to assess the effect of extraoral 940 nm low-level diode laser on pain, edema, and trismus following surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and methods: This split-mouth, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated 25 patients with bilaterally impacted mandibular third molars. One side of the jaw was randomly assigned to the laser and the other side to the control group. The laser quadrant received 940 nm diode laser irradiation (0.5 W, 10 J/cm2, continuous-wave mode, 20 s) at three points in the master muscle in contact mode immediately after surgical extraction of third molar. The third molar in the placebo quadrant was extracted after 2 weeks by the same surgeon using the same standard approach. The pain score was measured at 2 and 7 days postoperatively using a visual analog scale (VAS). To assess trismus, the distance between the incisal edges of the upper and lower central incisors was measured in maximum opening. To assess edema, the distance between the tragus and chin point was measured before and immediately after surgery and after 2 and 7 days. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and Bonferroni test. Results: The mean pain score in the first 7 days was significantly lower in the laser group (P < 0.05). Edema and trismus were the same in both groups (P > 0.05). Number of analgesics taken was significantly lower in the laser group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Single-session irradiation of 940 nm diode laser can effectively decrease pain following third molar extraction surgery. Trial registration number: IRCT20141209020258N91 on 29/12/2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Extraction of the third molar is the surgical intervention most frequently performed by dental professionals. Notwithstanding a meticulously designed surgical strategy, complications may arise during extraction of the lower third molars. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the surgical difficulties encountered when managing impacted maxillary and mandibular third molars. The secondary objective was identifying the predictors of surgical difficulty in extracting the third molars from both arches. Materials and methods This study included 30 systemically healthy patients requiring upper and lower third molar extractions on the same side. The Pederson index was used to assess surgical difficulty in such patients on pre-treatment orthopantomograms. The time interval between upper and lower extraction was one week for all patients, and all extractions were performed by an experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon. An independent t-test was performed to determine the significance of the differences between group variables. Predictors of surgical difficulty, such as sex, type of impaction, duration of surgical procedure, type of surgical procedure, fused roots, and root curvature, were assessed using multivariate analysis. Results The mean patient age was 29.93 ± 2.81 years. The mean mouth opening was 41.25 ± 3.5 mm. Chi-square test results revealed no significant differences between the maxillary and mandibular groups across all variables (p > 0.05). The independent t-test results revealed significant differences between the maxillary and mandibular groups in procedure duration (p < 0.05). The duration of the procedure was significantly longer in the mandibular group (44.13 ± 15.20 minutes) than in the maxillary group (33.33 ± 13.96 minutes). Root curvature, duration of the surgical procedure, type of surgical technique employed, and patient sex were all identified as significant predictors. Conclusion The surgical difficulty for impacted third molars was similar in both arches. The duration of the surgical procedure was longer in the mandibular arch., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethics and Review Board of Kothiwal Dental College Moradabad issued approval KDCRC/IERB/02/2021/36. Institutional Ethics and Review Board approval was secured (KDCRC/IERB/12/2021/16), and the study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for observational studies as well as the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Glodha et al.)