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Better techniques for imaging ferroelectric polarization would aid the development of new ferroelectrics and the refinement of old ones. Here we show how scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) electron beam-induced current (EBIC) imaging reveals ferroelectric polarization with obvious, simply interpretable contrast. Planar imaging of an entire ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide (Hf0.5Zr0.5O2, HZO) capacitor shows an EBIC response that is linearly related to the polarization determined in situ with the positive-up, negative-down (PUND) method. The contrast is easily calibrated in MV/cm. The underlying mechanism is magnification-independent, operating equally well on micrometer-sized devices and individual nanoscale domains. Coercive-field mapping reveals that individual domains are biased positive and negative, as opposed to being easy and hard to switch. The remanent background E-fields generating this bias can be isolated and mapped. Coupled with STEMs native capabilities for structural identification, STEM EBIC imaging provides a revolutionary tool for characterizing ferroelectric materials and devices.

A novel monomer, 9-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene di(mercaptopropionate), with a highly refractive index, purity, and excellent UV-curable properties, is synthesized through an optimized Fischer esterification process, reacting 9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene with 3-mercaptopropionic acid. The structural characterization of this monomer is performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The synthesis conditions are optimized using a design-of-experiments approach. UV-curable resins are obtained by incorporating the synthesized monomer as the thiol component. The effects of thiol content on the UV-curing behavior, refractive index, shrinkage, adhesion to the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foil, and viscoelastic recovery are examined. The thermal properties are assessed using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy confirms the successful replication of the prism film. In edge-lit light-emitting diode (LED) backlight units, the prism film showed increased luminance with higher thiol monomer content in the UV-curable resin while maintaining stable color coordinates. This novel highly refractive index monomer can be utilized in luminance-enhancing prism films, thereby contributing to future innovations in the display film industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peculiarities of the decoration of gravure imprints on cardboard using fluorescent inks are considered. The influence of the number of fluorescent impurities added to gravure printing ink on the optical indicators of printed image quality, particularly optical density, and gloss, is investigated. Increasing the number of fluorescent impurities added to the ink from 10 to 30% helps to increase the gloss on imprints from 2 to 15 units. Conducted thermogravimetric studies show the resistance of fluorescent imprints to the influence of temperatures during drying in the printing process. The topography of the surface of the substrates and its influence on the quality of imprints is studied. Conducted electron microscopic studies of imprints obtained with inks with different amounts of fluorescent impurities show their uniform distribution on the surface of the substrate. Studies of the fluorescence spectra of the ink and the imprints formed by it confirm the phenomenon of an increase in the intensity of the glow of printed images. The studies confirm the well-known influence of substrate roughness on the smoothness of gravure imprints. It is established that the absence of significant macro irregularities on the surface of Koppargloss FBB cardboard is due to the presence of two coating layers. Analysis of the surface profiles of FBB cardboard shows that its roughness parameter (Ra = 0.424 μm) is three times smaller compared to Incada Silk С GC1 cardboard (the roughness parameter Ra = 1.28 μm), with a single-layer coating. Such a pattern is also preserved on the imprints, which is reflected in their quality accordingly. Studies show that for imprints on GC1 cardboard, the average ΔE value is 2.23, for imprints on FBB cardboard, the average ΔE value is 3.71, which is due to the presence of double coating. The factors that can influence the process of fluorescence of printed images are outlined. The technological characteristics of inks for gravure printing on packaging are described.

In addressing the critical limitations associated with platelet storage, the study investigates an innovative solution aimed at preventing the unwanted activation of platelets within storage bags. This activation is a key factor that currently restricts the shelf life of platelet products to only 72 h, leading to extreme waste production and high costs. Here, highly effective surfaces are identified for minimizing surface‐induced platelet activation. Using thermal nanoimprint lithography (T‐NIL), a new method is demonstrated for patterning reproducible agarose micro/nanostructures (a natural hydrogel with anti‐platelet adhesive properties) including dots, chains, pills, and squares. The agarose (3%) structured surfaces displayed outstanding flexibility and hydrophilic behavior that prevented platelet adhesion as confirmed by confocal microscopy. Importantly, pill‐shaped structures effectively maintained their ability to prevent platelet adhesion, even after a long cell‐contacting duration. Atomic force microscopy indicated that the effectiveness of dampening platelet adherence is determined by the shape, size, height, and aspect ratio of the structures. A model is provided to explain how the different shapes affect wettability and thereby hinder platelet adherence. The developed anti‐adhesive agarose structured surfaces show promise to revolutionize platelet storage, provide vital insights into biomaterials research, and demonstrate the potential of tailored agarose surfaces in biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effect of the overseas growth experiences of successors in family businesses on corporate risk-taking. We theorize that successors in family businesses, influenced by psychological characteristics imprinted during their overseas experiences, are more inclined to undertake risky strategic decisions. However, due to considerations related to social emotional wealth, family businesses may intervene in the successors’ risk-taking decisions. Therefore, family control may positively or negatively moderate the relationship between successors’ overseas growth experiences and corporate risk-taking. Our theoretical expectations are tested using a matched sample of Chinese-listed family firms from 2012 to 2021. With supportive empirical results, we contribute to the literature on risk-taking by This study explores the effect of the overseas growth experiences of successors in family businesses on corporate risk-taking by exploring the predecessors of corporate risk-taking and enriching SEW theory by bringing in the insights of imprinting theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peculiarities of the decoration of gravure imprints on cardboard using fluorescent inks are considered. The influence of the number of fluorescent impurities added to gravure printing ink on the optical indicators of printed image quality, particularly optical density, and gloss, is investigated. Increasing the number of fluorescent impurities added to the ink from 10 to 30% helps to increase the gloss on imprints from 2 to 15 units. Conducted thermogravimetric studies show the resistance of fluorescent imprints to the influence of temperatures during drying in the printing process. The topography of the surface of the substrates and its influence on the quality of imprints is studied. Conducted electron microscopic studies of imprints obtained with inks with different amounts of fluorescent impurities show their uniform distribution on the surface of the substrate. Studies of the fluorescence spectra of the ink and the imprints formed by it confirm the phenomenon of an increase in the intensity of the glow of printed images. The studies confirm the well-known influence of substrate roughness on the smoothness of gravure imprints. It is established that the absence of significant macro irregularities on the surface of Koppargloss FBB cardboard is due to the presence of two coating layers. Analysis of the surface profiles of FBB cardboard shows that its roughness parameter (Ra = 0.424 μm) is three times smaller compared to Incada Silk C GC1 cardboard (the roughness parameter Ra = 1.28 μm), with a single-layer coating. Such a pattern is also preserved on the imprints, which is reflected in their quality accordingly. Studies show that for imprints on GC1 cardboard, the average ΔE value is 2.23, for imprints on FBB cardboard, the average ΔE value is 3.71, which is due to the presence of double coating. The factors that can influence the process of fluorescence of printed images are outlined. The technological characteristics of inks for gravure printing on packaging are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the selective adsorption of the target pollutant, this study successfully synthesized chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose molecularly imprinted hollow vesicles (CS/CMC-MIV) for selective adsorption of acid blue-113 (AB-113). The vesicles were obtained by mixing the carboxymethyl cellulose solution with the chitosan/AB-113 mixture in sequential fast and slow stirring. Benefiting from the molecular imprinting technique, the maximum adsorption capacity of AB-113 by CS/CMC-MIV was 972.7 mg/g, which was 84.8% higher than that of the vesicles without imprinting (526.4 mg/g). The adsorption process could be well in accordance with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order models. The vesicles exhibited superior stability and reusability, maintaining 92% of the initial adsorption capacity after four adsorption repeats. What's more, CS/CMC-MIV showed excellent selective adsorption ability on mixed dye solutions, which was attributed to the specific recognition sites created during the molecular imprint process. This study provides a facile method to bind dye templates to vesicles and excels at selective dye removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does the experience of upward mobility impact top executives' investment in socially conscious initiatives at the firm level? Despite early theorizing, much remains unknown about how top executives' experiences with upward mobility impact their decisions related to corporate social responsibility (CSR). In this study, we focus on chief executive officers (CEOs) from lower social class origins, who represent the most extreme case of upward mobility among their peers, and examine the effects of their background on the likelihood of helping others. Drawing on upper echelons and social class literature, we theorize that top executives' past—where they come from (i.e. social class origins) and what they have experienced on their climb to the top—influences CSR decisions. We argue that CEOs from lower social class origins develop simultaneous, but at times competing, habitus that influence them to invest more in community-centric but less in employee-centric CSR than their counterparts from middle and upper social class backgrounds. Drawing on trait activation theory, we also predict the moderating influence of the immediate environmental context, namely local levels of poverty and prosperity. Overall, our results support our hypotheses and provide a complex picture of how upward mobility, and its attendant tensions, can affect executive values and CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarization reversal and charge trapping under imprint in HfO2-based ferroelectric FET (FeFET) are studied by charge component analysis. By decomposing the effects of spontaneous polarization and charge trapping using the transient current measurement with triangle waves in both metal–ferroelectric–metal (MFM) and metal–ferroelectric–insulator-Si (MFIS) capacitors, we found that V th under imprint in MFIS is determined by both coercive voltage (V c) shift due to imprint and the subsequent modulation of charge trapping at the same polarization. In addition, a comparison of V c shift due to imprint of MFM and MFIS was performed. V c shift of MFIS was found to be in good agreement with that of MFM. This implies that the imprint in FeFET can be predicted from MFM even though FeFET has a complex structure with an interfacial layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work experimentally investigated the wake-up behaviors of hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric capacitors by manipulating the interval time between each characterization cycle. Both Positive-Up–Negative-Down (PUND) and Negative-Down–Positive-Up (NDPU) waveforms were used as the stress and measurement waveforms in the experiments. It was found that the imprint occurs as the total interval time increases to a several-seconds level. However, this only affects the remnant polarization (PR) of ferroelectric capacitors when stressed by NDPU waveforms, since the voltage amplitude saturates under the PUND stress conditions and does not influence the PR. The wake-up behavior has been proved to be caused by the defects redistribution during electrical cycling. Notably, when using PUND waveforms, the change in the interval time can result in different increase rates of PR, indicating the possibility of recovery during the intervals. This recovery leads to a slower wake-up when cycling with a longer interval time. Moreover, it is observed that this PR recovery could reach saturation after several seconds of the interval time. This comprehensive investigation of wake-up and imprint behaviors can provide new insights to evaluate and enhance the reliability of ferroelectric memories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop and validate "the Imprint method,", a technique for sampling microbes from chronic wounds while preserving their two‐dimensional spatial organization. We used nylon filters to sample bacteria and compared with sampling using Eswabs in 12 patients. The Imprint method identified a mean of 0.93 unique species more than Eswab (4.3 ± 2.2 and 3.4 ± 1.4 unique species, respectively; mean ± SD; n = 30). Accuracy between the Eswab and the Imprint method was 93.2% and in cases of disagreement between methods, Imprint had a higher sensitivity in 6/8 of the most prevalent species. In vitro validation confirmed that the Imprint method could transfer bacterial colonies while replicating their two‐dimensional organization and the area covered by bacteria on the plate sampled. Clinical testing demonstrated that the imprint method is a rapid and feasible technique that identified more unique bacterial species than Eswab with a good agreement between methods but that Imprint was better at detecting important pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Imprint method is a novel technique that cultures and records the two‐dimensional organization of microbes, providing an alternative or supplement to conventional surface culture using Eswab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Addressing therapeutic challenges posed by thyroid nodules classified under Bethesda categories III-IV-V is a primary concern. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic outcomes of intraoperative frozen section (IFS) when applied to these specific thyroid nodules, alongside evaluating the diagnostic performance of IFS when used in conjunction with concurrent imprint cytology (IC). Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in the electronic hospital database to retrieve IFS results and final diagnosis of cases with category III-IV-V thyroid nodules. These patients had undergone nodule resection or partial thyroidectomy with IFS. We gathered information regarding patient demographics, nodule dimensions, and the execution of concurrent IC. Results: Our study comprised 81 eligible patients. Female/male ratio was 3.2. Mean patient age was 43.5 years. Average nodule size was 21.7 mm. IC was conducted in 20 cases as part of the IFS procedure. Sensitivity and specificity of IFS were 71% and 95%, respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 83% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 90%. Diagnostic accuracy of IFS was 88%. We stratified cases into those with and without IC. IFS with IC exhibited a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of 80%, 93%, 80%, 93%, respectively. In contrast, IFS without IC had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV values of 68%, 95%, 83%, 90%, respectively. Conclusion: Inconsistent pathological assessments and varying malignancy rates present challenges when managing Bethesda category III-IV-V thyroid nodules. In addressing these challenges, IFS emerges as a potential effective method. Nonetheless, IFS exhibits restricted sensitivity in detecting malignancies within Bethesda category III-IV-V nodules. Inclusion of concurrent IC has the potential to improve the precision of IFS in identifying malignancies. A more extensive study in this regard is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the sol-gel and coprecipitation methods, individual oxides of silicon, titanium, zirconium and double oxides TiO2–SiO2, TiO2–ZrO2, ZrO2–SiO2 have been synthesized. Modification with carboxylic acids was carried out at the final stage of synthesis before drying. Their adsorption and acid-base properties, which allowed establish a number of key parameters that determine the texture and features of the hydrate-hydroxyl structure of the samples, were studied in the range pK = 1.3–11.6. It was shown that the formation of a molecular imprint of aromatic carboxylic acids in composites during their sol-gel synthesis is an efficient approach for creating catalysts for the asymmetric Biginelli reaction. Highlights: Using the sol–gel and co-precipitation methods, individual oxides of silicon, titanium, zirconium, as well as double oxides TiO2–SiO2, TiO2–ZrO2, ZrO2–SiO2, modified with carboxylic acids were synthesized. It has been established that the introduction of certain aromatic carboxylic acids leads to a significant decrease in the specific surface area and sorption volume of the composites. The creation of a molecular imprint of carboxylic acids makes it possible to increase the catalytic activity of composites in the Biginelli reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs imprinting theory, cultural capital theory, and upper echelon theory to investigate the influence of the rural upbringing of board chairpersons on corporate R&D (Research and Development) and advertising expenditures, as well as the moderating impact of the chairperson's marketing and financial experience in the competitive market environment. A binary dataset was compiled, comprising 1058 Chinese listed companies and 5434 board chairpersons as samples. Through multiple regression analysis, we established a link between board chairpersons' rural backgrounds and short-term marketing expenditures. The findings indicate that chairpersons' rural upbringing negatively affects R&D and advertising expenditures. Additionally, marketing experience exerts a negative moderating influence on R&D expenditure, whereas financial experience does not exhibit a significant moderating effect. Furthermore, the market growth rate positively moderates the relationship between the chairman's rural background and R&D as well as advertising expenditures. This suggests that the external competitive environment may attenuate the conservative imprint associated with a rural upbringing. This study departs from the conventional paradigm of understanding short-term spending based solely on economic incentives, incorporating non-economic factors rooted in individual cognition and values. It introduces a fresh perspective to the examination of myopic spending and contributes to the exploration of how birthplace impacts corporate decision making. These findings offer a deeper comprehension of how the background of chairpersons influences firms' decision-making behavior, providing valuable insights for top executives in crafting strategies and making informed decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights The strategy of imprint assisted with methylamine acetate effectively ameliorates the morphology of the film, optimize the internal phase distribution, and enhance the charge transfer of the perovskite film. The combination of imprinting with additive engineering improves the phase distribution within quasi-2D perovskite and promote the carrier transport, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 18.96% with specific good reproducibility.

A procedure for evaluating the in-plane anisotropy of a sheet material used in structural elements with their integrity maintained during hardness tests is proposed. An innovative procedure performs anisotropy assessment not by hardness values, but by Vickers and Brinell indentation parameters, as well as by the structural parameters of the material. This procedure can be used to determine an anisotropy level from Vickers hardness, from structural material condition through statistical processing of indentation results, as well as to define the anisotropy of rolled plates, in particular high-strength low-alloy steels as-received, from Brinell imprints. The procedure is also useful in estimating the anisotropy of sheets and even high-strength steel plates whose material exhibits a slightly pronounced anisotropy, when it cannot be determined from imprint measurements, or its correctness controlled by statistical processing of imprint sizes. It is focused on the labor input reduction in determining the in-plane anisotropy of sheet materials as-received with their integrity maintained, on the higher efficiency of research and reliability of anisotropy measurements for high-strength plates with a slightly pronounced anisotropy. The procedure can be instructive in controlling the anisotropy data of sheet materials by indentation parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the work of the artist Agnė Jonkutė, who actualizes the multiplicity of reality and its trace in the flow of time, emphasizing the meaning of mimesis as a repetition of reality arising from individual experience. In contemporaneity, various media depicting and reproducing reality actualize the fluidity of the image and reduce the continuity of time, thus when analyzing the works that record or reflect the experience of reality and time, mimetism still seems to be underlying in contemporary art practices in muted form, and temporality is one of the essential aspects of their expression. The article discusses mimetism inherent in the changing image and asserts the fluidity of modern mimesis, which manifests itself in art as a momentary reflection or as an imprint of reality, the perception of which is fluid, because the perceiver can no longer relate mimesis to the imprinted reality. Emphasizing the subjective involvement and participation of the perceiver in the perception of such an imprinted and temporal reality, as well as the directionality of modern mimesis towards embodied subjectivity, the author of the article refers to Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s theory of sensory perception and Danutė Bacevičiūtė’s analysis of the transformation of the phenomenological concept of time. Mimetic works of art become continuations of the ever-passing present and reality in time, which, as if “awakening” the objective reality in images, actualize the issue of mimesis and the ensuing problem of visual experience and its verbalization. In contemporary culture, mimesis reduces time to a single moment and shifts the semantic load from the work to the perceiver experiencing an impression, thus opening up the multiplicity of the impression and the possibility of its multiplication. Therefore, it is assumed that today mimesis also functions as a (non-)fixative medium and is one of the states of contemporaneity, which is not simply the relevant present, but rather the present that will turn into the future (where transformation is positioned as volatile), perceived as a promise of the future reality. With the aim to emphasize the processuality and duration in art practices that mark the intangible traces of the image, and while employing the reduction of time to an ever-passing moment and the reduction of the image to the mimetic experience in Jonkutė’s work, a new definition of ephemeral mimesis, in which the spontaneous and temporal nature of the image staying alert and slipping away from the present, which is called volatile, is formulated in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films with high Nb concentrations (6–13 mol%) were grown by chemical solution deposition. In concentrations up to 8 mol% Nb, the films self-compensate the stoichiometry; single phase films were grown from precursor solutions with 10 mol% PbO excess. Higher Nb concentrations induced multi-phase films unless the amount of excess PbO in the precursor solution was reduced. Phase pure perovskite films were grown with 13 mol% excess Nb with the addition of 6 mol% PbO. Charge compensation was achieved by creating lead vacancies when decreasing excess PbO level; using Kroger-Vink notation, N b T i • are ionically compensated by V P b ″ to maintain charge neutrality in heavily Nb-doped PZT films. With Nb doping, films showed suppressed {100} orientation, the Curie temperature decreased, and the maximum in the relative permittivity at the phase transition broadened. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties were dramatically degraded due to increased quantity of the non-polar pyrochlore phase in multi-phase films; ε r reduced from 1360 ± 8 to 940 ± 6, and the remanent d33,f value decreased from 112 to 42 pm/V when increasing the Nb concentration from 6 to 13 mol%. Property deterioration was corrected by decreasing the PbO level to 6 mol%; phase pure perovskite films were attained. εr and the remanent d33,f increased to 1330 ± 9 and 106 ± 4 pm/V, respectively. There was no discernable difference in the level of self-imprint in phase pure PZT films with Nb doping. However, the magnitude of the internal field after thermal poling at 150 °C increased significantly; the level of imprint was 30 kV/cm and 11.5 kV/cm in phase pure 6 mol% and 13 mol% Nb-doped films, respectively. The absence of mobile V O • • , coupled with the immobile V P b ″ in 13 mol% Nb-doped PZT films, leads to lower internal field formation upon thermal poling. For 6 mol% Nb-doped PZT films, the internal field formation was primarily governed by (1) the alignment of (V P b ″ − V O • •  ) x and (2) the injection and subsequent electron trapping by Ti4+. For 13 mol% Nb-doped PZT films, hole migration between V P b ″ controlled internal field formation upon thermal poling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: The strategy of imprint assisted with methylamine acetate effectively ameliorates the morphology of the film, optimize the internal phase distribution, and enhance the charge transfer of the perovskite film. The combination of imprinting with additive engineering improves the phase distribution within quasi-2D perovskite and promote the carrier transport, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 18.96% with specific good reproducibility. Although two-dimensional perovskite devices are highly stable, they also lead to a number of challenges. For instance, the introduction of large organic amines makes crystallization process complicated, causing problems such as generally small grain size and blocked charge transfer. In this work, imprint assisted with methylamine acetate were used to improve the morphology of the film, optimize the internal phase distribution, and enhance the charge transfer of the perovskite film. Specifically, imprint promoted the dispersion of spacer cations in the recrystallization process with the assistance of methylamine acetate, thus inhibited the formation of low-n phase induced by the aggregation of spacer cations and facilitated the formation of 3D-like phase. In this case, the corresponding quasi-2D perovskite solar cells delivered improved efficiency and exhibited superior stability. Our work provides an effective strategy to obtain uniform phase distribution for quasi-2D perovskite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hafnium oxide is found to be a favorable material for ferroelectric nonvolatile memory devices. Its compatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor processes, the relatively low crystallization temperature when zirconium‐doped, and the thickness scaling are among the advantageous properties of hafnium oxide. Different requirements must be fulfilled for different applications of hafnium oxide. Herein, high‐temperature annealing and operation conditions are analyzed in order to investigate nonvolatile memories for automotive applications. A strong imprint behavior (shift in coercive voltages) is observed after annealing hafnium–zirconium–oxide thin films at temperatures varied between 100 and 200 °C. The imprint behavior is a significant challenge in many applications. Therefore, to reduce/recover the undesirable imprint behavior caused by high‐temperature treatment, two different ways are successfully examined and delineated here: endurance cycling and applying high electric fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thomas Hobbes's most important recommendations for a sovereign reader concerned the governing of opinion. Due to the spread of false doctrines and their powerful champions, Hobbes was afraid that subjects would have opinions contrary to the maintenance of peace. His solution comprehended a combination of civic education and censorship. This text explains how Hobbes justifies his recommendations from the perspective of individual deliberation. It argues that Hobbes conceived censoring circulating doctrines as a way of keeping subjects' minds like clean paper, ready for the sovereign to imprint civil doctrine in them through teaching, thereby increasing the chances of influencing subjects' (free) deliberation, and thus of producing obedience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cobalt/manganese-imprinted adsorbent grafted with thiourea (T-Co/Mn-CTS) was synthesized through the combination of the amino groups of thiourea with imprinted chitosan (Co/Mn-CTS) by using a sol-gel method along with a reverse-phase suspension method. Cobalt chloride and manganese chloride were employed as imprint molecules. The structures of the adsorbents were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of static adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption of Co2+ and Mn2+ occurred in the first 0.5 h, and the absorption capacity of T-Co/Mn-CTS for these ions was higher than that of Co/Mn-CTS. The selective adsorption performance of the template-imprinted-chitosan resin was better than that of the non-imprinted-chitosan resin, in the presence of other ions. The effect of interfering ions on the adsorption performance for Mn2+ was greater than that for Co2+. Dynamic adsorption experiments indicated that the breakthrough volumes of Co2+ and Mn2+ were 110 BV and 14 BV, respectively, with the corresponding breakthrough curves being symmetrical S-type and unsymmetrical S-type.

In mammals, imprinted genes are required for both fetal development and postnatal growth. A novel candidate imprinted locus was found on human chromosome 16, and maternal uniparental disomy of this locus can cause a lethal developmental lung disease in human newborns. The PMM2 and NARFL genes are located in this region and its homologous region in cattle is on chromosome 25. Currently, there is no report on the genomic imprinting of the PMM2 and NARFL genes. In this study, we demonstrated that PMM2 and NARFL are two paternally imprinted genes in bovines using an SNP‐based method. In addition, two differentially methylated regions of paternal methylation were found in the promoter region and the third intron of the bovine NARFL gene, which may be involved in regulating its imprinted expression. However, we did not find differential methylation in the promoter region or the seventh intron of the bovine PMM2 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In piezoelectric transducer applications, it is common to use a unipolar operation signal to avoid switching of the polarisation and the resulting nonlinearities of micro-electromechanical systems. However, semi-bipolar or bipolar operation signals have the advantages of less leakage current, lower power consumption and no additional need of a DC−DC converter for low AC driving voltages. This study investigates the potential of using piezoelectric layers with an imprint for stable bipolar operation on the basis of epitaxially grown lead zirconate titanate cantilevers with electrodes made of a metal and metal oxide stack. Due to the manufacturing process, the samples exhibit high crystallinity, rectangular shaped hysteresis and a high piezoelectric response. Furthermore, the piezoelectric layers have an imprint, indicating a strong built-in field, which shifts the polarisation versus electric field hysteresis. To obtain the stability of the imprint, laser doppler vibrometry and switching current measurements were performed at different temperatures, yielding a stable imprinted electric field of −1.83 MV/m up to at least 100 °C. The deflection of the cantilevers was measured with a constant AC driving voltage while varying the DC bias voltage to examine the influence of the imprint under operation, revealing that the same high deflection and low nonlinearities, quantified by the total harmonic distortion, can be maintained down to low bias voltages compared to unipolar operation. These findings demonstrate that a piezoelectric layer with a strong imprint makes it possible to operate with low DC or even zero DC bias, while still providing strong piezoelectric response and linear behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the great potential of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) ferroelectrics, reliability issues, such as wake-up, fatigue, endurance limitations, imprint and retention loss, impede the implementation of HZO to nonvolatile memory devices. Herein, a study of the reliability properties in HZO-based stacks with the conventional TiN top electrode and Ru electrode, which is considered a promising alternative to TiN, is performed. An attempt to distinguish the mechanisms underlying the wake-up, fatigue and retention loss in both kinds of stacks is undertaken. Overall, both stacks show pronounced wake-up and retention loss. Moreover, the fatigue and retention loss were found to be worsened by Ru implementation. The huge fatigue was suggested to be because Ru does not protect HZO against oxygen vacancies generation during prolonged cycling. The vacancies generated in the presence of Ru are most likely deeper traps, as compared to the traps formed at the interface with the TiN electrode. Implementing the new procedure, which can separate the depolarization-caused retention loss from the imprint-caused one, reveal a rise in the depolarization contribution with Ru implementation, accompanied by the maintenance of similarly high imprint, as in the case with the TiN electrode. Results show that the mechanisms behind the reliability issues in HZO-based capacitors are very electrode dependent and simple approaches to replacing the TiN electrode with the one providing, for example, just higher remnant polarization or lower leakages, become irrelevant on closer examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mini-review focuses on current knowledge regarding maternal regulation of the paternal genome in early embryos of mammalian livestock species. Emphasis has been placed on regulatory events described for maternally imprinted genes and further highlights transcriptional regulation of the postfertilization paternal genome by maternal factors. Specifically, the included content aims to summarize genomic and epigenomic contributions of paternally expressed genes, their regulation by the maternal embryo environment, and chromatin structure that are indispensable for early embryo development. The accumulation of current knowledge will summarize conserved allelic function among species to include molecular and genomic studies across large domestic animals and humans with reference to founding experimental animal models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Niemann–Pick disease type A (NPDA, MIM: 257200) is an autosomal recessive sphingolipidosis caused by lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) deficiency. A cluster of genes located at chromosome 11p15 have been reported to be imprinted genes, such as TSSC5, TSSC3, and ZNF215 that flanking SMPD1 gene. It was reported by a few recent studies that SMPD1 gene was paternally imprinted and maternally preferentially expressed. A five-month-old boy with severe anemia, hepatosplenomegly and bone marrow foam cells was recruited from a complete cousin couple. To determine whether boy suffered from NPDA, ASM activity and SMPD1 gene sequencing were performed on available individuals of this pedigree including the proband, his parents and sister. The ASM activities of proband and parents showed deficiency (17.7 nmol/h/g-protein) and about 50% decreased (83.3 nmol/h/g-protein), respectively, compared with normal controls (204.5 nmol/h/g-protein). SMPD1 gene sequencing in the proband revealed a homozygous mutation c.1420_1421del, which leads to an open reading frameshift and a premature stop codon. The parents and some individuals of this family demonstrated heterozygous mutation at this locus. To investigate whether SMPD1 gene is imprinted as reported previously, the expression of RNA level was studied in the whole family members available. The members with heterozygous mutation for c.1420_1421del showed that both paternal and maternal inherited alleles were expressed. This study reported a c.1420_1421del mutation in SMPD1 gene which caused ASM activity decrease and this locus was biallelically expressed in heterozygous subjects implicating SMPD1 is not imprinted in this family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, NH3 plasma treatment was utilized to improve the ferroelectric property of widely used TiN/HfxZryO2(HZO)/TiN capacitors. The developed metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) structure shows high remnant polarization (Pr) of $30 ~\mu \text{C}$ /cm2 after 10-min NH3 treatment at bottom TiN electrode. Materials characterization were subject to investigate the behind mechanism. A higher ferroelectric o-phase formation in NH3-treated HZO device is revealed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). In addition, the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) indicates that the NH3 treatment optimizes the interface quality by restraining of the interfacial layer (IL) including intrinsic TiOxNy dead-layer and non-ferroelectric layer. Furthermore, the improved interface engineering also suppressed the imprint effect, which prompts the retention improvement of TiN/HfxZryO2/TiN ferroelectric capacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mini-review focuses on current knowledge regarding maternal regulation of the paternal genome in early embryos of mammalian livestock species. Emphasis has been placed on regulatory events described for maternally imprinted genes and further highlights transcriptional regulation of the post-fertilization paternal genome by maternal factors. Specifically, the included content aims to summarize genomic and epigenomic contributions of paternally expressed genes, their regulation by the maternal embryo environment, and chromatin structure that are indispensable for early embryo development. The accumulation of current knowledge will summarize conserved allelic function among species to include molecular and genomic studies across large domestic animals and humans with reference to founding experimental animal models.

Current trends in the printing industry depend entirely on the requirements and specific preferences of customers. Packaging must not only reliably protect the goods from dust and dirt, but also provide long-term storage of goods, protection from moisture and ultraviolet light, be durable and aesthetically pleasing. The technological process of lamination of packaging products is carried out in order to improve its appearance and barrier properties of materials, protect and enhance smoothness, give gloss or opacity. Lamination makes it possible to reliably protect cardboard packaging from contamination and mechanical damage, thus increasing its durability. Laminated cardboard packaging is resistant to external mechanical influences, especially in places of cuts and running. Production of high-quality packaging products, research of its operational stability, increasing the level of printing design in order to meet the high aesthetic demands of consumers is an urgent task of specialists in the printing industry. The operational and reproductive — graphic indicators of digital imprints obtained on popular brands of cardboard, presented on the Ukrainian market of printing consumables, before and after the process of their lamination with glossy and matte film were studied. In order to assess the quality and accuracy of color image reproduction, graphical dependences of gradation transmission of inks and their color coverage are built, which show that color coordinates of all studied samples are within regulated limits, and lamination of the surface of the prints, both matte and glossy polymer film, significantly improves their color coverage. In addition, the results of experimental studies of tear resistance confirmed that the lamination of imprints significantly affects the increase of their operational stability. It was also found that the characteristics of the used film affect the strength of the obtained laminated imprints.

Molecular imprinting technique is an efficient method to improve the selective adsorption capacity for the target pollutant. In this study, sodium alginate/polyethylene oxide molecularly imprinted nanofibrous membrane (SA/PEO-MINM) with average diameter of 185 ± 20 nm was successfully synthesized by electrospinning for selective adsorption of methylene blue (MB). Benefiting from the molecular imprinted technology, the adsorption amount of SA/PEO-MINM for MB was increased by about 65%, significantly higher than the non-imprinted membrane. Results showed that the adsorption equilibrium could be well fitted with Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity towards MB was 3186.7 mg/g. Kinetic experiments well complied with the Pseudo second order model. Reusability studies indicated that the removal efficiency of MB could maintain 93% of the original adsorption capacity after four consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. More importantly, the SA/PEO-MINM with high surface area and specific adsorption recognition sites showed excellent selective adsorption capacity in the adsorption experiment of MB and methylene orange mixed dye solution. In general, the SA/PEO-MINM can be successfully applied for the selective removal of MB from dye wastewater. • Alginate/polyethylene oxide nanofibrous membranes are prepared via electrospinning. • Molecular imprint technology is incorporated to create the specific adsorption sites. • The maximum adsorption capacity towards methylene blue is 3186.7 mg/g. • The membrane shows excellent selective adsorption capacity in mixed dye solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hafnia-based ferroelectrics have greatly revived the field of ferroelectric memory (FeRAM), but certain reliability issues must be satisfactorily resolved before they can be widely applied in commercial memories. In particular, the imprint phenomenon severely jeopardizes the read-out reliability in hafnia-based ferroelectric capacitors, but its origin remains unclear, which hinders the development of its recovery schemes. In this work, we have systematically investigated the imprint mechanism in TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO)/TiN ferroelectric capacitors using experiments and first-principles calculations. It is shown that carrier injection-induced charged oxygen vacancies are at the heart of imprint in HZO, where other mechanisms such as domain pinning and dead layer are less important. An imprint model based on electron de-trapping from oxygen vacancy sites has been proposed that can satisfactorily explain several experimental facts such as the strong asymmetric imprint, leakage current variation, and so forth. Based on this model, an effective imprint recovery method has been proposed, which utilizes unipolar rather than bipolar voltage inputs. The remarkable recovery performances demonstrate the prospect of improved device reliability in hafnia-based FeRAM devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that leads to genes monoallelically expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner and plays an important role in the embryonic development and postnatal growth of mammals. Imprinted genes usually occur in clusters in a chromosomal region and are regulated by a cis -acting imprinting control region that involves differential DNA methylation modification. Igf2r , Slc22a2 and Slc22a3 are three maternally expressed genes on mouse chromosome 17. The paternally expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Air and the nonimprinted gene Slc22a1 are also located in the imprinted region. Comparative characterization of imprinted clusters between species is useful for us to understand the biological significance and epigenetic regulating mechanism of genomic imprinting. The aim of this study was to analyze the allelic expression pattern of AIR and SLC22A1-3 genes in cattle and to determine the role of DNA methylation in regulating gene expression. Allelic expression analysis was performed in bovine adult tissues and term placenta using an SNP-based approach. We found that IGF2R, AIR and SLC22A3 were monoallelically expressed in all detected bovine somatic tissues, including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle, fat and brain. In bovine placenta, IGF2R and SLC22A3 are maternally expressed; however, the AIR gene is paternally expressed. Tissue-specific monoallelic expression of SLC22A2 is detected in bovines, with monoallelic expression in the spleen and brain but biallelic expression in kidney tissues. SLC22A1 is only detected in bovine liver and kidney tissues and is biallelicly expressed, which is consistent with the imprint expression in mice. To determine the possible role of DNA methylation in regulating the monoallelic/imprinted expression of bovine IGF2R, AIR, SLC22A2 , and SLC22A3 genes, we analyzed the DNA methylation status of CpG islands in the first exon of SLC22A2 , the promoter region of SLC22A3 and region 2 in the second intron of the IGF2R gene by bisulfite sequencing. Two differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were detected in the first exon of bovine SLC22A3 and the common regions of IGF2R and AIR. This suggests that DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of monoallelic/imprinted expression of IGF2R, AIR and SLC22A3 genes in cattle. • The purpose of this study is to analyze the allelic expression patterns of cattle IGF2R/AIR locus and determine the role of DNA methylation in regulating gene expression. • In bovine placenta, IGF2R and SLC22A3 are maternally expressed, and the AIR gene is paternally expressed. Tissue-specific monoallelic expression of SLC22A2 was detected in cattle. SLC22A1 is biallelic expression. • DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of monoallele/imprinted expression of bovine IGF2R, AIR and SLC22A3 genes. • Genomic imprinting of IGF2R/AIR locus is conserved between bovine and mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moulages are contact media – images made by contagion in the most literal sense: their production relies on a process in which the object to be reproduced is touched by the reproducing material. In the case of dermatological moulages, the plaster touches the infected skin of the sick and, once dried, serves as the negative form for the waxen image of a disease. Focussing on the collection of the Hôpital Saint-Louis in Paris, the article situates the production of dermatological moulages within the visual culture of 19th-century medicine and raises the question how an ancient technique of image production could become such a prevalent tool for the documentation of skin diseases during a period usually associated with the rise of scientific medicine and a reconsideration of theories of contagion in medical aetiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entre las ediciones surgidas de la imprenta áurea encontramos muestras evidentes de textos que trataron de saltarse la legislación existente en la Monarquía Hispánica. Así aparecen impresos falsificados fingiendo haber sido editados en Pamplona, lo que se comprueba no solo por los pies de imprenta y los colofones, sino también gracias a su análisis material. Se estudian estos casos para comprobar el grado de incidencia que tuvieron las ediciones falsas vinculadas al reino de Navarra y así actualizar el panorama bibliográfico local.= Among the editions that emerged from the golden press we found evident samples of texts that tried to bypass the existing legislation in the Hispanic Monarchy. This is how falsified forms appear, pretending to have been published in Pamplona, which is verified not only by the imprints and colophons, but also thanks to their material analysis. These cases are studied to check the degree of incidence of false editions linked to the kingdom of Navarre and thus update the local bibliographic panorama.

The seal collection of the Dragomirna Monastery is made of 253 items which belonged to parishes from Bukovina as well as to the Consistory of Bukovina and to other public institutions from Chernivtsi. The seals preserved the symbols of ancestors and make a historical source which illustrates the role of the Orthodox Church in 18th-century Bukovina along with its aspirations and social-political worries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the different interpretations related to the metaphorical imprint of climate change in English and French media discourses. This cross-linguistic perspective is motivated by the particularities of both languages which have been assumed to promote different understandings of climate change-related concepts. We focus on the metaphor carbon footprint whose meaning can be compared to another climate change metaphor in English: fingerprint. These two source domains share a highly specific and concrete meaning interpreted from lexical constructions enabled by the English language. In French, however, such a specification cannot be interpreted from the meaning of the metaphor empreinte carbone (carbon imprint) which defines a similar concept. We rely on visual representations of these metaphorical expressions in English and French to discuss the characteristics associated with each source domain: we show that visual metaphors can contradict expectations emerging from the interpretations of verbal metaphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrink label today is one of the leading innovative solutions in the field of packaging labeling. Heat-shrinkable film has mechanical strength, elasticity and moisture-proof properties, easily changes linear dimensions under the influence of temperature, which allows it to take the form of packaged products, prevents unauthorized opening and forgery, and attracts buyers through original design solutions. The technology of heat-shrinkable labelling of products is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetology, food, dairy, confectionery industries. To preserve the product’s proper appearance until the end of its service life, as well as to be able to decorate it printing on the shrink label is performed on its inner side. Gravure and flexographic printing technologies are mainly used to apply images to shrink labels. The specifics of the technological process of manufacturing a shrink label determines the use of materials with different physical properties: transparency, gloss, thickness, strength, coefficients of friction and tensile, temperature, percentage and time of shrinkage, which significantly affects its final cost. The most widely used are PET and PVC films. PVC film is deformed at lower temperatures and is more resistant to the external environment, while the use of PET films allows to achieve better thermal shrinkage and, accordingly, to ensure higher print quality. When applying the information to the heat-shrinkable film, it can be used water-based inks, but then there is a possibility of blurring of the image when passing the package through the steam furnace. As an alternative to printing on such films, UV fixing inks are used, which allows to apply multi-color complex images on any type of material, but this method is quite expensive due to the high cost of inks and printing equipment. Therefore, it is important to conduct system-technical, economic analysis and determine the most cost-effective and efficient technology for the production of shrink labels.

Superhydrophobic metallic surfaces with mechanical stability as well as self-cleaning and anticorrosion functions are highly desirable because of their promising applications in various aspects. Large apparent water contact angles (≥150°) on metal surfaces are usually realized by high surface roughness and low surface energy. However, rough nanoscale features and low-energy coatings are prone to wear, causing degradation of the local wetting property during service. Herein, we develop a low-cost and scalable fabrication methodology to prepare composite superhydrophobic surfaces (water contact angle ∼154.7± 2.3° and sliding angle ∼1.2 ± 0.2°) by integrating a micropatterned amorphous alloy frame with functionalized nanoparticles. Amorphous interconnected microwalls provide augmented resistance against abrasion, whereas spray-coated nanomaterials residing within the frame impart water repellency. Metallic surfaces can withstand abrasion against sandpaper for 40 m under a local pressure of 120 kPa, before losing their perfect superhydrophobic performances. The composite surfaces also maintain its water repellency after mechanical bending, knife scratching, water impact jetting, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and acid immersion. We envisage that the design strategies here provide a practical route to manufacture water-repellent surfaces with metallic glass in harsh nautical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lurch is a Coragyps atratus who was raised in captivity and imprinted on humans. He was an education animal at the Silver Springs Zoo until its closure. Lurch was moved to the Central Florida Zoo and has been feather picking and self-mutilating since then. Self-injury is not well documented in raptors and few treatments have been explored. It is often caused by stress of some sort and is not seen in the wild. These observations were conducted in order to observe the environmental factors that influenced these behaviors in Lurch. In an attempt to curb his feather picking, Lurch was introduced to a Polyborus plancus, and he attacked her. They were separated but housed next to each other. He has been showing signs of aggression towards her thereafter. Lurch was observed in 2019 from January 12 to April 11 in two-hour intervals. Lurch showed no significant change in feather picking with P. plancus present. P. plancus was moved to a different enclosure on January 29th. There was no significant change in self-injury when courting behaviors were observed on February 14th, 24th, 26th, and March 7th, and no significant change in selfinjury with interaction with current enrichment items. There was a significant inverse correlation between keeper presence and self-injury. A blocking vest was introduced on March 24th; a significant decrease in self-injury was observed while wearing the vest. Further testing is needed to determine the reason for the correlation and confirm the decrease due to the blocking vest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide evidence of delayed attention and inaction in response to COVID-19 in countries that did not experience SARS in 2003. Using cross-country data, we find that individuals in countries that had SARS infections in 2003 searched more intensively for COVID-19-related information on Google in late January 2020, the time of the first known outbreak in Wuhan, China. Early attention to the novel virus, as measured by Google searches, is associated with deeper stock market drops in countries with SARS experience. In contrast, people in countries without SARS experience started to pay more attention much later, in March. Moreover, governments in these countries responded significantly more slowly in implementing social distancing policies to combat domestic COVID-19 outbreaks than governments in countries with SARS experience. Moreover, such early responses of individuals and governments in countries with SARS experience are prevalent within continent, even in non-Asian countries. Furthermore, people in countries with SARS experience are more compliant with social distancing rules. These timely attention and proactive responses of individuals and governments are more pronounced in countries that reported deaths caused by SARS, which left deeper imprints. Our findings suggest that the imprint of similar viruses' experience is a fundamental mechanism underlying timely responses to COVID-19. This paper was accepted by Haoxiang Zhu, finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Context: Intraoperative pathological assessment provides valuable information in a patient's diagnosis and management. Touch imprint/crush cytology is simple, rapid, and cost-effective. Also, imprint smears give excellent cytomorphology. Aims: To assess the utility and feasibility of intraoperative cytology technique as a rapid and reliable method for diagnosis and to compare sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy with histopathology. Materials and Methods: Cytology smears were collected intraoperatively from 52 cases of suspected/proven malignancy. From tumors, surgical margins, lymph nodes; crush, imprint, and scrape smears were prepared. Smears were taken from specimens before formalin fixation and stained with rapid ultrafast Papanicolaou stain. The slides were compared with the histopathology report which is the gold standard. Statistical Analysis: Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were used for statistical analysis. Results: Intraoperative cytology report could be given in time for the surgeon to modify margins of resection and the extent of lymph node dissection. It helps the surgeon to modify surgery. The diagnostic test evaluation showed satisfactory results. Conclusion: Intraoperative imprint/crush cytology is a simple, inexpensive, rapid, accurate cytodiagnostic technique in the diagnosis of cancer where frozen section facilities are not available. It can also be used to assess the clearance of surgical margins.

The article publishes a series of stamps, previously usually attributed to undefined centers. A Comparision of Mediterranean and Black Sea materials allows with a high degree of probability to attribute the stamps published below as Knidian. At the same time, an attempt is made to separate individual stamps within the group and their chronological definition.