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1. A Standardized Education Program on Deceased Organ and Tissue Donation for Premedical and Medial Students in Korea

Author

Hee Jung Jeon, MD, PhD, Samuel Lee, MD, PhD, Soohyeon Seo, BS, Byungmin Yoo, Donguk Kim, Gaeun Yi, Jun Beom Lee, Suji Kim, Jieun Oh, MD, PhD, Hee Chul Han, MD, PhD, Byungil Park, MS, Taerim Lee, PhD, In Sung Moon, MD, PhD, Yeong Hoon Kim, MD, PhD, Curie Ahn, MD, PhD, and Hyun Bae Yoon, MD, PhD

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Background. As the imbalance in organ demand and supply is getting worse,

Published
2024
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2. Improving self-sufficiency in organ transplantation in Korea

Author

Curie Ahn, Samuel Lee, Yeong Hoon Kim, Jieun Oh, Ik Jin Yun, Hyung Joon Ahn, Soo Hyun Seo, Jong Cheol Jeong, Myung Soo Kim, Jongwon Ha, Soon Il Kim, In Sung Moon, and Won Hyun Cho

Subjects
korean organ transplantation, deceased organ transplantation, self-sufficiency, organ donation, Medical technology, R855-855.5
Abstract

After attaining a qualified medical capacity in organ transplantation, Korea has been struggling to increase the number of deceased organ transplants to reach self-sufficiency. As one of these efforts, Korea revised the organ transplantation law in 2010 by adding three articles the mandatory reporting based on the recommendation of the 3rd Global Consultation on Organ Transplantation of Madrid in 2010. Along with the new constitution, considerable efforts have been initiated to upgrade the deceased organ transplantation system while maintaining the virtues of fairness, justice, and transparency. The Korean Society of Transplantation played a critical role in revising the law as well as in establishing organizations such as the Korean Organ Donation Agency (KODA; 2009), the Vitallink (2009), and the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry (KOTRY; 2010). By the activities of these professional organizations, Korea could implement fundamental programs such as mandatory reporting and could develop various education programs for organ donation for students and the general population. As a result, the number of deceased donors increased from 1.08 p.m.p. (2000) to 9.23 p.m.p.(2020). Further efforts are needed to increase the number of organ donor cardholders and family consent rates by well-designed, target-specific education programs to overcome traditional negative cultural barriers toward organ donation. The community atmosphere of honoring and thanking donors and their families should be nurtured by national and regional activities of life-sharing weeks linked with organ donor memorial parks.

Published
2021
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3. Scalable Multi-Task Transfer Learning for Molecular Property Prediction

Author

Lee, Chanhui, Jeong, Dae-Woong, Ko, Sung Moon, Lee, Sumin, Kim, Hyunseung, Yim, Soorin, Han, Sehui, Kim, Sungwoong, and Lim, Sungbin

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Molecules have a number of distinct properties whose importance and application vary. Often, in reality, labels for some properties are hard to achieve despite their practical importance. A common solution to such data scarcity is to use models of good generalization with transfer learning. This involves domain experts for designing source and target tasks whose features are shared. However, this approach has limitations: i). Difficulty in accurate design of source-target task pairs due to the large number of tasks, and ii). corresponding computational burden verifying many trials and errors of transfer learning design, thereby iii). constraining the potential of foundation modeling of multi-task molecular property prediction. We address the limitations of the manual design of transfer learning via data-driven bi-level optimization. The proposed method enables scalable multi-task transfer learning for molecular property prediction by automatically obtaining the optimal transfer ratios. Empirically, the proposed method improved the prediction performance of 40 molecular properties and accelerated training convergence.

Published
2024

4. Task Addition in Multi-Task Learning by Geometrical Alignment

Author

Yim, Soorin, Jeong, Dae-Woong, Ko, Sung Moon, Lee, Sumin, Kim, Hyunseung, Lee, Chanhui, and Han, Sehui

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Training deep learning models on limited data while maintaining generalization is one of the fundamental challenges in molecular property prediction. One effective solution is transferring knowledge extracted from abundant datasets to those with scarce data. Recently, a novel algorithm called Geometrically Aligned Transfer Encoder (GATE) has been introduced, which uses soft parameter sharing by aligning the geometrical shapes of task-specific latent spaces. However, GATE faces limitations in scaling to multiple tasks due to computational costs. In this study, we propose a task addition approach for GATE to improve performance on target tasks with limited data while minimizing computational complexity. It is achieved through supervised multi-task pre-training on a large dataset, followed by the addition and training of task-specific modules for each target task. Our experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the task addition strategy for GATE over conventional multi-task methods, with comparable computational costs., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, Accepted at AI for Science Workshop at 41st International Conference on Machine Learning

Published
2024

5. A Geodetic and Astrometric VLBI Experiment at 22/43/88/132 GHz

Author

Xu, Shuangjing, Jung, Taehyun, Zhang, Bo, Xu, Ming Hui, Byun, Do-Young, He, Xuan, Sakai, Nobuyuki, Titov, Oleg, Shu, Fengchun, Kim, Hyo-Ryoung, Cho, Jungho, Yoo, Sung-Moon, Choi, Byung-Kyu, Lee, Woo Kyoung, Sun, Yan, Mai, Xiaofeng, and Wang, Guangli

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Extending geodetic and astrometric Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations from traditional centimeter wavebands to millimeter wavebands offers numerous scientific potentials and benefits. However, it was considered quite challenging due to various factors, including the increased effects of atmospheric opacity and turbulence at millimeter wavelengths. Here, we present the results of the first geodetic-mode VLBI experiment, simultaneously observing 82 sources at 22/43/88/132 GHz (K/Q/W/D bands) using the Korean VLBI Network (KVN). We introduced the frequency phase transfer (FPT) method to geodetic VLBI analysis, an approach for calibrating atmospheric phase fluctuations at higher frequencies by transferring phase solutions from lower frequencies. With a 2-minute scan, FPT improved the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of most fringes, some by over 100%, thereby enhancing the detection rate of weak sources at millimeter wavebands. Additionally, FPT reduced systematic errors in group delay and delay rate, with the weighted root-mean-squares (WRMS) of the post-fitting residuals decreasing from 25.0 ps to 20.5 ps at the W band and from 39.3 ps to 27.6 ps at the D band. There were no notable differences observed in calibrating atmospheric phase fluctuations at the K band (WRMS = 12.4 ps) and Q band (WRMS = 11.8 ps) with the KVN baselines. This experiment demonstrated that the millimeter waveband can be used for geodetic and astrometric applications with high precision., Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, accepted by The Astronomical Journal. Your feedback to improve the manuscript would be greatly appreciated

Published
2024

6. Outcomes of bedside peripherally inserted central catheter placement: a retrospective study at a single institution

Author

Sukyung Kwon, Soo mi Son, Seul Hee Lee, Joung Hee Kim, Hyangkyoung Kim, Jang Yong Kim, Ji Il Kim, and In Sung Moon

Subjects
catheterization, peripheral, catheterization, central, vascular access devices, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Background: Bedside insertion of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) has higher rates of malposition than fluoroscopic-guided PICC placement. This study evaluated the success rate of bedside PICC placement, variations in tip location, and risk factors for malposition. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent bedside PICC placement from January 2013 to September 2014 in a single institution. The procedure was conducted under ultrasound guidance or by a blind method. After PICC placement, tip location was determined by chest X-ray. Results: The overall venous access success rate with bedside PICC placement was 98.1% (1,302/ 1,327). There was no significant difference in the venous access success rate between ultrasound-guided placement (868/880, 98.6%) and a blind approach placement (434/447, 97.1%). Optimal tip position was achieved on the first attempt in 1,192 cases (91.6%). Repositioning was attempted in 65 patients; 60 PICCs were repositioned at the bedside, two PICCs were repositioned under fluoroscopic guidance, and three PICCs moved to the desired position without intervention. Final optimal tip position after repositioning was achieved in 1,229 (94.4%). In logistic regression analysis, five factors associated with tip malposition included female sex (Exp(B), 1.687; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.180 to 2.412; P=0.004), older age (Exp(B), 1.026; 95% CI, 1.012 to 1.039; P

Published
2020
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10. Multitask Extension of Geometrically Aligned Transfer Encoder

Author

Ko, Sung Moon, Lee, Sumin, Jeong, Dae-Woong, Kim, Hyunseung, Lee, Chanhui, Yim, Soorin, and Han, Sehui

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Molecular datasets often suffer from a lack of data. It is well-known that gathering data is difficult due to the complexity of experimentation or simulation involved. Here, we leverage mutual information across different tasks in molecular data to address this issue. We extend an algorithm that utilizes the geometric characteristics of the encoding space, known as the Geometrically Aligned Transfer Encoder (GATE), to a multi-task setup. Thus, we connect multiple molecular tasks by aligning the curved coordinates onto locally flat coordinates, ensuring the flow of information from source tasks to support performance on target data., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables

Published
2024

11. Outcomes of endovascular treatment for TASC C and D aorto-iliac lesions

Author

Sanghyun Ahn, Keun-Myoung Park, Young Kyun Kim, Ji Il Kim, In Sung Moon, Kee Chun Hong, Yong Sun Jeon, and Jang Yong Kim

Subjects
Endovascular procedures, Iliac artery, Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC), Patency, Peripheral artery disease, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical success rates, primary patency, and complications for TASC C and D aorto-iliac lesions treated by endovascular procedures. Additionally, the influence of the access site and the clinical outcomes were analyzed. Methods: Between 2008 and 2014, data from 39 patients with 45 chronic iliac artery stenosis and/or occlusion who were treated with endovascular treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The procedure time was longer for TASC D lesions than for TASC C lesions (163 ± 82 min vs. 105 ± 34 min; p = 0.002), where there was the more common use of brachial and femoral approach simultaneously. There were two perioperative deaths associated with TASC D lesions caused by one iliac artery rupture and one postoperative hospital-acquired pneumonia. The total perioperative complication rate was higher in the TASC D lesions than in TASC C lesions [five (18.5%) vs. zero; p = 0.073]. The corresponding 2-year primary patency rates were 94.9% in TASC C lesions and 88.4% in TASC D lesions. The simultaneous brachial and femoral approach took the longest procedure time (226 ± 157 min). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the outcomes of endovascular treatment for TASC C and D aorto-iliac lesions were acceptable, with better technical success in TASC C lesions than in TASC D lesions. Furthermore, the 2-year patency rate for both TASC C and TASC D lesions was acceptable. Additionally, brachial access was useful for complex anatomy, but the failure rate was high.

Published
2017
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15. Radiofrequency ablation of varicose veins improves venous clinical severity score despite failure of complete closure of the saphenous vein after 1 year

Author

Hyeong Yong Jin, Haeng Jin Ohe, Jeong Kye Hwang, Sang Dong Kim, Jang Yong Kim, Sun Cheol Park, Ji Il Kim, Yong Sung Won, Sang Seob Yun, and In Sung Moon

Subjects
catheter ablation, minimally invasive surgical procedures, quality of life, radiofrequency catheter ablation, varicose veins, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Background and objectives: Endovenous treatment is increasingly supplanting open surgery for the treatment of varicose veins. Among emerging endovenous techniques, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with a ClosureFast catheter is popular in Korea. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy and patient-reported outcomes of RFA of varicose veins. Methods: This is a retrospective study of a prospectively registered database of patients who underwent RFA for varicose veins from 2012 to 2013 in St. Mary's Hospital in Seoul. Korea. Efficient ClosureFast RFA catheters (Medtronic, San Jose, CA, USA) were used. The techniques used for RFA of varicose veins were performed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Duplex scans and venous clinical severity scores (VCSSs) were used to document treatment outcome and patient symptoms before and after the procedures. Treatment outcomes were estimated before the procedure and 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the procedure. Outcomes were analyzed by paired t test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test as well as by logistical regression. Results: A total of 117 patients were evaluated for 183 consecutive RFA procedures (183 limbs). The initial technical success was 97.3% (178/183). The estimated mean VCSS changed over time from 4.0 ± 1.67 at preprocedure to 0.6 ± 1.05, 0.5 ± 1.02, and 0.6 ± 1.14 at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the procedure, respectively. The improved VCSS was maintained 1 year after the procedure (p

Published
2017
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16. Adventitial cystic disease of the common femoral vein presenting as deep vein thrombosis

Author

Young-Kyun Kim, Ho Jong Chun, Jeong Kye Hwang, Ji Il Kim, Sang Dong Kim, Sun-Cheol Park, and In Sung Moon

Subjects
adventitia, cyst, femoral vein, venous thrombosis, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Adventitial cystic disease of the common femoral vein is a rare condition. We herein report the case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with painless swelling in her left lower leg that resembled deep vein thrombosis. She underwent femoral exploration and excision of the cystic wall. The presentation, investigation, treatment, and pathology of this condition are discussed with a literature review.

Published
2016
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17. Geometrically Aligned Transfer Encoder for Inductive Transfer in Regression Tasks

Author

Ko, Sung Moon, Lee, Sumin, Jeong, Dae-Woong, Lim, Woohyung, and Han, Sehui

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Transfer learning is a crucial technique for handling a small amount of data that is potentially related to other abundant data. However, most of the existing methods are focused on classification tasks using images and language datasets. Therefore, in order to expand the transfer learning scheme to regression tasks, we propose a novel transfer technique based on differential geometry, namely the Geometrically Aligned Transfer Encoder (GATE). In this method, we interpret the latent vectors from the model to exist on a Riemannian curved manifold. We find a proper diffeomorphism between pairs of tasks to ensure that every arbitrary point maps to a locally flat coordinate in the overlapping region, allowing the transfer of knowledge from the source to the target data. This also serves as an effective regularizer for the model to behave in extrapolation regions. In this article, we demonstrate that GATE outperforms conventional methods and exhibits stable behavior in both the latent space and extrapolation regions for various molecular graph datasets., Comment: 12+11 pages, 6+1 figures, 0+7 tables

Published
2023

18. 3D Denoisers are Good 2D Teachers: Molecular Pretraining via Denoising and Cross-Modal Distillation

Author

Cho, Sungjun, Jeong, Dae-Woong, Ko, Sung Moon, Kim, Jinwoo, Han, Sehui, Hong, Seunghoon, Lee, Honglak, and Lee, Moontae

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Pretraining molecular representations from large unlabeled data is essential for molecular property prediction due to the high cost of obtaining ground-truth labels. While there exist various 2D graph-based molecular pretraining approaches, these methods struggle to show statistically significant gains in predictive performance. Recent work have thus instead proposed 3D conformer-based pretraining under the task of denoising, which led to promising results. During downstream finetuning, however, models trained with 3D conformers require accurate atom-coordinates of previously unseen molecules, which are computationally expensive to acquire at scale. In light of this limitation, we propose D&D, a self-supervised molecular representation learning framework that pretrains a 2D graph encoder by distilling representations from a 3D denoiser. With denoising followed by cross-modal knowledge distillation, our approach enjoys use of knowledge obtained from denoising as well as painless application to downstream tasks with no access to accurate conformers. Experiments on real-world molecular property prediction datasets show that the graph encoder trained via D&D can infer 3D information based on the 2D graph and shows superior performance and label-efficiency against other baselines., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures

Published
2023

19. Grouping-matrix based Graph Pooling with Adaptive Number of Clusters

Author

Ko, Sung Moon, Cho, Sungjun, Jeong, Dae-Woong, Han, Sehui, Lee, Moontae, and Lee, Honglak

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Graph pooling is a crucial operation for encoding hierarchical structures within graphs. Most existing graph pooling approaches formulate the problem as a node clustering task which effectively captures the graph topology. Conventional methods ask users to specify an appropriate number of clusters as a hyperparameter, then assume that all input graphs share the same number of clusters. In inductive settings where the number of clusters can vary, however, the model should be able to represent this variation in its pooling layers in order to learn suitable clusters. Thus we propose GMPool, a novel differentiable graph pooling architecture that automatically determines the appropriate number of clusters based on the input data. The main intuition involves a grouping matrix defined as a quadratic form of the pooling operator, which induces use of binary classification probabilities of pairwise combinations of nodes. GMPool obtains the pooling operator by first computing the grouping matrix, then decomposing it. Extensive evaluations on molecular property prediction tasks demonstrate that our method outperforms conventional methods., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures

Published
2022
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20. Impact of ABO Incompatibility on the Development of Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Kidney Transplant Recipients Presensitized to HLA.

Author

Byung Ha Chung, Yu Young Joo, Jaesin Lee, Hyung Duk Kim, Ji-Il Kim, In Sung Moon, Bum Soon Choi, Eun-Jee Oh, Cheol Whee Park, Yong-Soo Kim, and Chul Woo Yang

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Whether the coexistence of anti-A/B antibody and donor specific anti-HLA antibody (HLA-DSA) has a synergistic impact on the development of acute antibody-mediated rejection (AAMR) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is unclear. This study includes 92 KTRs who received a kidney from an ABO-incompatible (ABOi) donor or were presensitized to donor HLA (HLAs) and 292 controls (CONT). HLAs was defined as a crossmatch positivity or the presence of HLA-DSA. We compared the incidence of AAMR among ABOi (n = 58), ABOi+HLAs (n = 12), HLAs (n = 22), and CONT (n = 292) groups and evaluated the risk factors and antibody type (anti-A/B vs. HLA-DSA) responsible for AAMR. AAMR developed less frequently in ABOi and CONT than in the ABOi+HLAs or HLAs (P < 0.05 for all); however, there was no difference between the ABOi+HLAs and HLAs groups. AAMR developed more frequently with strong HLA-DSA at baseline; however, high baseline anti-A/B titer did not affect AAMR development. Strong baseline HLA-DSA was an independent predictor for AAMR, however the baseline anti-A/B titer was not. All four AAMR episodes in ABOi+HLAs were positive to HLA-DSA but not to anti-A/B. In conclusion, ABO incompatibility does not increase the risk for AAMR in HLAs KTRs.

Published
2015
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24. Comparison of estimating equations for the prediction of glomerular filtration rate in kidney donors before and after kidney donation.

Author

Byung Ha Chung, Jee Hyun Yu, Hyuk Jin Cho, Ji-Il Kim, In Sung Moon, Cheol Whee Park, Chul Woo Yang, Yong-Soo Kim, and Bum Soon Choi

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of the GFR-estimating equations to predict renal function in kidney donors before and after transplantation. We compared the performance of 24-hour-urine-based creatinine clearance (24 hr urine-CrCl), the Cockcroft-Gault formula (eGFRCG), the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (eGFRMDRD), and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (eGFRCKD-EPI) with technetium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) clearance (mGFR) in 207 potential kidney donors and 108 uninephric donors. Before donation, eGFRCKD-EPI showed minimal bias and did not show a significant difference from mGFR (P = 0.65, respectively) while 24 hr urine-CrCl and eGFRMDRD significantly underestimated mGFR (P

Published
2013
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39. An Implementation of Intelligent Fault Isolation Device for LVDC Distribution System Considering Slope Characteristics of Fault Current.

Author

Kim, Yun-Ho, Kim, Kyung-Hwa, You, Hyun-Sang, Kim, Se-Jin, Choi, Sung-Moon, and Rho, Dae-Seok

Subjects
FAULT currents, SWITCHING power supplies, CURRENT distribution, SEMICONDUCTOR devices, VOLTAGE
Abstract

This paper deals with the operation method of an intelligent fault isolation device (IFID), which can detect and estimate faults in rapid and accurate ways considering the slope characteristics of fault currents with distribution line constants. Namely, the proposed operation method in IFID calculates the slope of the fault current with distribution line constants, and reduces its operation time by comparing the calculated slope value to the setting value to detect and evaluate the fault condition. Moreover, this paper implements the DC 400 V, 10 kW scaled IFID consisting of hardware (H/W) and software (S/W) sections based on the proposed operation method. The H/W section is composed of main and current limit switches, a current limit resistor, voltage and current sensors, and switching mode power supply (SMPS). Also, the S/W section consists of a control board and code composer studio (CCS) to calculate the slope characteristics of the fault current and control the semiconductor device. From the test results based on the proposed operation method, it was found that the IFID considering the slope characteristics of fault currents can detect and evaluate the fault condition and limit the fault current faster than the existing method to consider the fault current only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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