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The current in vitro study aimed to investigate the effects of a processed sugarcane extract on the viability of avian Eimeria sporozoites. Treatments were applied to hatched sporozoites: 1) without additives (no-treatment control); 2) with ethanol; 3) with salinomycin; 4) with Polygain™. All treatments were incubated in RPMI media containing live sporozoites at 37 °C for 14 h and then the number of viable sporozoites were counted. Compared to the no-treatment control, Polygain™ decreased (P 0.05). In conclusion, Polygain™ could be a potential candidate as an anticoccidial agent.

The current in vitro study aimed to investigate the effects of a processed sugarcane extract on the viability of avian Eimeria sporozoites. Treatments were applied to hatched sporozoites: 1) without additives (no-treatment control); 2) with ethanol; 3) with salinomycin; 4) with Polygain™. All treatments were incubated in RPMI media containing live sporozoites at 37 °C for 14 h and then the number of viable sporozoites were counted. Compared to the no-treatment control, Polygain™ decreased (P < 0.001) the counts of E. maxima , E. acervulina , E. bruneti , and E. mitis sporozoites to a level similar to salinomycin (P > 0.05). In conclusion , Polygain™ could be a potential candidate as an anticoccidial agent. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Fasciolosis is a world-wide distributed zoonotic disease affecting several herbivores, and represents an important factor of economic loss in animal meat producing industries. In addition, specific risk factors and geographic areas for Fasciola hepatica human infection have been heavily reported recently. Several aspects related with this disease, e.g., drug resistance and prevention through vaccination, have yet to be solved. After ingestion, the infective stage for the vertebrate host–metacercariae – hatch in duodenum and the newly excysted juveniles (NEJ) penetrate the intestinal wall. The identification of proteins expressed by NEJ and specifically those found in the host–parasite interface could help understanding the first steps of animal and human infection by F. hepatica. Here we use a proteomic approach to identify a set of proteins enriched at the host–parasite interface from in vitro NEJ by applying liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. Using this approach, we identified numerous proteins related with several biological processes of the parasite. In addition, we characterize one of the identified molecules, the 14-3-3z protein, and demonstrate its association with the outer structures of NEJ and its presence in both somatic and secretory components from the parasite. The NEJ proteins described here, together with those previously described by others, could provide new insights into the biology of the parasite and its relationship with the vertebrate host at the beginning of the infection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of transcript quantification as an indicator of Giardia cyst viability. The variations of ¿-giardin, EF1A and ADHE mRNAs were quantified during excystation by real-time RT-PCR assays and compared with the percentages of viability estimated using propidium iodide staining and in vitro excystation. The first experiments were performed with purified G. duodenalis assemblage B cysts. When 55% of excysting protozoa were observed, the increase of the selected transcripts ranged from 0.40±0.13 to 0.97±0.11log10 after 1h of incubation in excystation medium. Purified cysts were also stored at 4°C for up to 56days and analysed at several sampling times. Significant correlations were observed between the variations of the selected mRNAs and the percentages of viability estimated with staining and excystation methods. Among the three transcripts, ¿-giardin appeared to be the most appropriate to study the viability of Giardia cysts concentrated from wastewater samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An optimized cell culture immunofluorescence (IFA) procedure, using the HCT-8 cell line, was evaluated in blind trials to determine the sensitivity and reproducibility of measuring the infectivity of flow-cytometry-prepared inocula of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. In separate trials, suspensions consisting of between 0% and 100% viable oocysts were prepared at the US Environmental Protection Agency, shipped to the American Water Laboratory, and analyzed blindly by cell culture IFA. Data indicated the control (100% live) oocyst suspensions yielded statistically similar results to cell culture dose–response curve data developed previously at the American Water Laboratory. For test samples containing oocyst suspensions of unknown infectivity, cell culture IFA analyses indicated a high degree of correlation (r2 = 0.89; n = 26) with the values expected by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Cell culture infectivity correlates well with neonatal mouse infectivity assays, and these blind validation trials provide credibility for the cell culture IFA procedure as a cost-effective and expedient alternative to mouse infectivity assays for determining in vitro infectivity of C. parvum oocysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]