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4. Suspended particle and drug ingredient concentrations in hospital dispensaries and implications for pharmacists’ working environments

Author

Inaba, Ryoichi, Hioki, Atsushi, Kondo, Yoshihiro, Nakamura, Hiroki, and Nakamura, Mitsuhiro

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the present status of working environments for pharmacists, including the concentrations of suspended particles and suspended drug ingredients in dispensaries. We conducted a survey on the work processes and working environment in 15 hospital dispensaries, and measured the concentrations of suspended particles and suspended drug ingredients using digital dust counter and high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), respectively. Of 25 types of powdered drugs that were frequently handled in the 15 dispensaries surveyed, 11 could be quantitatively determined. The amounts of suspended particles were relatively high, but below the reference value, in three dispensaries without dust collectors. The sedative-hypnotic drug zopiclone was detected in the suspended particles at one dispensary that was not equipped with dust collectors, and the antipyretic and analgesic drug acetaminophen was detected in two dispensaries equipped with dust collectors. There was no correlation between the daily number of prescriptions containing powdered drugs and the concentration of suspended particles in dispensaries. On the basis of the suspended particle concentrations measured, we concluded that dust collectors were effective in these dispensaries. However, suspended drug ingredients were detected also in dispensaries with dust collectors. These results suggest that the drug dust control systems of individual dispensaries should be properly installed and managed.

Published
2024
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20. Abustracts from japanese journal of hygiene (Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi) Vol.54 No.4

Author

Morimoto, Kanehisa, Toda, Masahiro, Wei, Chang-Nian, Yonemitsu, Hiroyuki, Harada, Koichi, Miyakita, Takashi, Omori, Shoko, Miyabayashl, Tatsuya, Ueda, Atsushi, Kameyama, Yoshiko Matsuoka, Ju, Chaoying, Satoh, Toshihiko, Kagawa, Jun, Kaneko, Shoichi, Kobayashi, Hidetsugu, Demura, Shinichi, Goshi, Fumio, Minami, Masaki, Nagasawa, Yoshinori, Sato, Susumu, Kishida, Toshihiko, Inaba, Ryoichi, and Iwata, Hirotoshi

Published
2000
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21. Abustracts from Japanese journal of hygiene (Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi) vol.52 no.4

Author

Sakaguchi, Takehiro, Sakaguchi, Sanae, Kudo, Yoshiro, Yanagisawa, Hiroyuki, Kuwano (Oga), Toshiko, Takada, Haruko, Washino, Kaei, Inaba, Ryoichi, Yumoto, Yoshiko, Iwata, Hirotoshi, Shibazaki, Satomi, Nagai, Masaki, Asou, Eiko, Nakamura, Yosikazu, Yanagawa, Hiroshi, Kawamura, Takashi, Ohno, Yoshiyuki, Umeda, Takashi, Nakaji, Sigeyuki, Sugawara, Kazuo, Kurakake, Shigeyoshi, Okamura, Noriyoshi, Ohshita, Yoshiko, Sakurai, Yutaka, Yoshizawa, Nobuyuki, Kuriyama, Takao, Oishi, Katsutaka, Kakazu, Hitosa, Machida, Kazuhiko, Oki, Izumi, Tanihara, Shinichi, Ojima, Toshiyuki, Mori, Tomio, Hirai, Toshiyuki, Tomiyama, Takeshi, Iida, Kadzutada, Miyakoshi, Shinji, Sato, Kazuhiro, Kusaka, Yukinori, Yanagihara, Makoto, Ueda, Keiichi, Nakaji, Shigeyuki, and Oshita, Yoshiko

Published
1998
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23. Abstracts from japanese journal of hygiene (Nihoneiseigakuzasshi) Vol.52 No.2

Author

Su Lee, Jung, Kawakubo, Kiyoshi, Gunji, Atsuaki, Kawabata, Kunihiro, Imaki, Masahide, Ohgurt, Miho, Kondo, Hiroshi, Hayashi, Yoshitaka, Tanada, Seiki, Kishida, Toshihiko, Inaba, Ryoichi, Iwata, Hirotoshi, Akisaka, Masafumi, Zakouji, Hidemoto, Ariizumi, Makoto, Fukunaga, Ichiro, Jitsunari, Fumihiko, Takeda, Noriaki, Asakawa, Fumiyuki, Maruyama, Yasuo, Higaki, Yasuki, Shono, Naoko, Nishizumi, Masahiro, Tsuda, Toshihide, Mino, Yoshio, Yamamoto, Eiji, Matsuoka, Hiroaki, Babazono, Akira, Shigemi, Jun, and Miyai, Masaya

Published
1997
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24. Abstracts from Japanese journal of hygiene (Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi) vol. 51 no. 4

Author

Miyai, Masaya, Sobue, Ikuko, Hayashi, Hiromi, Mukai, Chizuru, Takeshita, Tatsuya, Morimoto, Kanehisa, Sugiura, Haruo, Nishida, Hiroyuki, Sugiura, Hiroko, Inaba, Ryoichi, Iwata, Hirotoshi, Wei, Chang-nian, Yonemitsu, Hiroyuki, Shibayama, Hidetaro, Ueda, Atsushi, Kurosawa, Yutaka, Naruse, Yuchi, Kagamimori, Sadanobu, Mikawa, Kazuo, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, Shono, Naoko, Kugino, Kenji, Yoshida, Setsuko, Nakayama, Mioko, Ueno, Hirofumi, Nishizumi, Masahiro, Matsushima, Fumiko, Meshitsuka, Shunsuke, Nose, Takayuki, Yoneyama, Kyoko, Ikeda, Junko, and Nagata, Hisanori

Published
1997
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25. Effects of Maharishi Amrit Kalash 5 as an Ayurvedic herbal food supplement on immune functions in aged mice

Author

Sugiura Haruo, Mirbod Seyed, and Inaba Ryoichi

Subjects
Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999
Abstract

Abstract Background Maharishi Amrit Kalash (MAK) 5, one of the Ayurvedic food supplements, belongs to a group of substances known as Rasayana. MAK5 and other Rasayanas are believed to enhance the body's resistance to infections and disease, and enhance longevity. In this study, we determined the effects of administration of MAK5, one of the Ayurvedic food supplements on immune functions in young and old mice. Methods Male C3H/He N mice were divided into five groups: two no treatment groups (old control: 22-month-old and young control: 2-month-old) and three MAK5 treated groups with differing dose of MAK5. MAK5 was given p.o. at 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg per day (3 days/week) for 2 months. Results We found that glucose consumption of peritoneal macrophages from old mice treated with MAK5 at all doses and incubated for 48 and 72 h were significantly greater than that in the control group. Nitric oxide production of peritoneal macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in old mice treated with MAK5 at all doses was significantly greater than that in the old control group, but not compared to the young control group. Stimulation index (S.I.) in old mice gavaged with MAK5 at all doses was significantly higher than that in the old control group. IL-2 production stimulated by Con A in old mice given MAK5 at all doses was significantly higher than that in the old control group. Production of IFN-γ stimulated by Con A in old mice given MAK5 at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were significantly higher than that in the old control group. IL-4 production of splenic lymphocyte stimulated by Con A in old mice given MAK5 at dose levels of 100 and 200 mg/kg were significantly higher than that in the old control group. Conclusion The results suggest that MAK5 suppressed the age associated glucose consumption of peritoneal macrophages and cellular immune function reduction, and that it contributes to the prevention of the immunosenescence.

Published
2005
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31. Erratum

Author

Okada, Mizue, Okada, Yoshinori, Inaba, Ryoichi, and Iwata, Hirotoshi

Published
1998
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34. EFFECT OF HAND-ARM VIBRATION ON INNER EAR AND CARDIAC FUNCTIONS IN MAN

Author

PYYKKÖ, ILMARI, FÄRKKILÄ, MARKUS, INABA, RYOICHI, STARCK, JUKKA, and PEKKARINEN, JUSSI

Subjects
Heart rate, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Hearing loss, Noise, Vibration, circulatory and respiratory physiology
Abstract

To evaluate distant effects of hand-arm vibration we studied Finnish forestry workers using chain saw during the years 1972 through 1990. The hearing was tested annually and individual regression curves for sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) were calculated. Robinson's model was used in prediction of SHL. The heart rate variation (HRV) indexes at rest and during deep breathing test were analyzed to measure autonomic nervous function. In Robinson's model the measured SHL (17.8 dB) respected the predicted SHL (17.2 dB). The subjects with VWF had on average, 10 dB greater hearing loss than those who did not have VWF. The regression model based increase of hearing loss during follow up correlated with ageing, not to VWF. The intercept differed significantly in those with VWF from those without VWF. We found a significant difference between HRV indexes during deep breathing test in those with the shortest and those with the longest vibration exposure. The HRV decreased with age, but multiple regression analysis showed that the total exposure time to vibration had an independent negative association with HRV indexes. Our results suggest that prolonged exposure to vibration caused by chain saw has negative effects an autonomic functions. The aggravated hearing loss in subjects with VWF may be due to vibration induced changes in the autonomic nervous system or internal factors of the blood vessels.

Published
1994

35. OPERATING HAND-HELD VIBRATING TOOLS AND PREVALENCE OF WHITE FINGERS

Author

MIRBOD, S. MOHAMMAD, INABA, RYOICHI, and IWATA, HIROTOSHI

Subjects
Raynaud's phenomenon, Hand-transmitted vibration level, General population, Hand-held vibrating tools, Vibration exposure
Abstract

Hand-transmitted vibration levels (HTVLs) and the prevalence of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) and numbness of the hands were investigated in eight groups of subjects operating various hand-held vibrating tools. The prevalence rates of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and numbness of the hands in 1,027 males and 1,301 females not occupationally exposed to vibration were compared to those of the exposed subjects. The prevalence of VWF was in the range of 0.0-4.8% in subjects exposed to HTVLs of between 1.1 to 2.5 m/s2 and reached 9.6% in a group of workers exposed to HTVLs of 2.7-5.1 m/s2. The latter group showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the prevalence of VWF compared to the 2.7% prevalence of RP in male subjects of the general population. The prevalence of VWF in female subjects exposed to vibration (4.3%) was not significant compared to the prevalence of RP in females of the general population (3.4%). The prevalence rates of numbness of the hands were between 6.5% and 30.4% in the exposed groups and in the range of 13.4-29.5% in the general population. It was concluded that in decisions concerning quantitative recommendations for vibration exposure, the prevalence of VWF should be employed. To decrease the risk of developing VWF, estimated vibration safety values for 4 h 2 h daily exposures are discussed.

Published
1994

40. Suspended particle and drug ingredient concentrations in hospital dispensaries and implications for pharmacists' working environments.

Author

Inaba, Ryoichi, Hioki, Atsushi, Kondo, Yoshihiro, Nakamura, Hiroki, and Nakamura, Mitsuhiro

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the present status of working environments for pharmacists, including the concentrations of suspended particles and suspended drug ingredients in dispensaries. Methods: We conducted a survey on the work processes and working environment in 15 hospital dispensaries, and measured the concentrations of suspended particles and suspended drug ingredients using digital dust counter and high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively. Of 25 types of powdered drugs that were frequently handled in the 15 dispensaries surveyed, 11 could be quantitatively determined. Results: The amounts of suspended particles were relatively high, but below the reference value, in three dispensaries without dust collectors. The sedative-hypnotic drug zopiclone was detected in the suspended particles at one dispensary that was not equipped with dust collectors, and the antipyretic and analgesic drug acetaminophen was detected in two dispensaries equipped with dust collectors. There was no correlation between the daily number of prescriptions containing powdered drugs and the concentration of suspended particles in dispensaries. Conclusion: On the basis of the suspended particle concentrations measured, we concluded that dust collectors were effective in these dispensaries. However, suspended drug ingredients were detected also in dispensaries with dust collectors. These results suggest that the drug dust control systems of individual dispensaries should be properly installed and managed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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