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Recent studies have demonstrated the success of using the channel state information (CSI) from the WiFi signal to analyze human activities in a fixed and well-controlled environment. Those systems usually degrade when being deployed in new environments. A straightforward solution to solve this limitation is to collect and annotate data samples from different environments with advanced learning strategies. Although workable as reported, those methods are often privacy sensitive because the training algorithms need to access the data from different environments, which may be owned by different organizations. We present a practical method for the WiFi-based privacy-preserving cross-environment human activity recognition (HAR). It collects and shares information from different environments, while maintaining the privacy of individual person being involved. At the core of our approach is the utilization of the Johnson-Lindenstrauss transform, which is theoretically shown to be differentially private. Based on that, we further design an adversarial learning strategy to generate environment-invariant representations for HAR. →doWe demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with different data modalities from two real-life environments. More specifically, on the raw CSI dataset, it shows 2.18% and 1.24% improvements over challenging baselines for two environments, respectively. Moreover, with the discrete wavelet transform features, it further yields 5.71% and 1.55% improvements, respectively.

Language can shape and reinforce attitudes and stereotypes about living with dementia. This can happen through use of metaphors. However, common metaphors may not capture the complexity of experience of dementia from the perspective of the individual person or a family carer. This paper presents an alternative metaphor – that of a theatre production – based on the strategies used by carers to support people with dementia to live well in the community. We conducted face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 12 family members caring for someone with dementia in the community in Queensland, Australia. Our aim was to explore the strategies these carers used to provide support. Interview recordings were fully transcribed and thematically analysed. We identified positive care-giving strategies that described multiple roles that carers fulfilled as they felt increasingly responsible for day-to-day decision making. Family carers explained how they supported the person with dementia to remain a central character in their life and continued to support the person to be themselves. To achieve this, family carers embodied roles that we identified as similar to roles in a theatre production: director, stage manager, supporting cast, scriptwriter, and costume designer and wardrobe manager. Our metaphor of a theatre production offers a fresh perspective to explore the experience of informal care-giving in the context of dementia.

Open Dialogue is an approach to working with mental health problems that emphasises promoting dialogue between multiple perspectives within an individual person and between all the people present, including the therapists. Therapists’ own perspectives are often introduced during conversations called reflections, which present a potential source of different perspectives. Using conversation analysis we analysed 14 hours of video-recorded Open Dialogue sessions with a focus on therapists’ reflections. We noticed that therapists did not display explicit agreement with each other’s reflections. This absence of explicit agreement was displayed through a variety of verbal and non-verbal forms. Eliding agreement facilitated deference to the epistemic authority of the client, assertion of epistemic rights from second position, emphasis of a positive perspective or to voice multiple perspectives. Therapists avoided consensus and thus presented multiple perspectives to the family while also attending to issues of contingency. The implications of epistemic primacy and asymmetry connected to sequential structures in talk pose a challenge to the generation of collaborative reflective dialogues.

From exploring the leisure interests and experiences of five individuals with physical disabilities, this article has two purposes. Firstly, to provide the reader with an insight of the leisure exp...

The historical view of the heart as a source and repository of characteristics of individual persons remains prevalent in speech and literature. A more recent scientific view regards the heart as just a replaceable mechanical device, supporting a hydraulic system (the pump-view). To accept the pump-view is to reduce the historical view of the heart, and reference to it, to metaphor. To address whether this conclusion is justified, this paper investigates what constitutes an individual person over time and whether the heart has any role in that constitution. While some physical continuity may be necessary, most philosophers agree that our ‘personal identity’ is conferred through the persistence of ‘psychological’ characteristics predominantly through memory. Memory is constituted through the interplay of external and internal sensory experience—to which the heart is a major contributor. On scientific grounds alone this sensory role for the heart makes the pump-view incomplete. If our persistence as a person reflects the totality of experience codified through memory, and the heart is a central source of the internal component of that experience, then the pump-view is also misleading since the heart plays some constitutive role. More widely, if what fundamentally matters for our survival as persons is just psychological continuity, then the pump-view is irrelevant. While a ‘supportive heart’ may be necessary for continued embodiment, it is on the constitutive role of the heart, as part of a unique internal experience, that our individuation as persons depends.

Behaviour and the individual person are important but widely neglected topics of personality psychology. We argue that new technologies to collect and new methods to analyse Big (Behavioural) Data have the potential to bring back both more behaviour and the individual person into personality science. The call for studying the individual person in the history of personality science, the related idiographic/nomothetic divide, as well as attempts to reconcile these two approaches are briefly reviewed. Furthermore, different meanings of the term idiographic and some unique selling points that emphasize the importance of idiographic research are highlighted. A nonexhaustive literature review shows that a wealth of behaviours are considered in extant personality studies using such Big Data but only in a nomothetic way. Against this background, we demonstrate the potential of Big Data collection and analysis with regard to four idiographic research topics: (i) unique manifestations of common traits and the resurgence of personal dispositions, (ii) idiographic prediction, (iii) intraindividual consistency versus variability of behaviour and (iv) intraindividual personality trait change through intervention. Methodological, ethical and legal pitfalls of doing Big Data research with individual persons as well as potential countermeasures are considered.

The concept of group moral responsibility is apparently problematic, in that it is unobvious in what sense a group, which is evidently not a conscious rational subject like an individual person, can be held morally accountable. It is unclear how a group can be said to have the ability to form beliefs and intentions needed for genuine group actions of moral assessment. Broadly speaking, there are two separate platforms from which one can investigate this problem: individualism and collectivism. Subscribing to the doctrinal position of methodological individualism, individualists suggest that individual members are the only capable entities, who can meaningfully bear the burden of moral responsibility, either individually or in a shared way. Collectivists, on the other hand look for an alternative position wherein they advocate the genuine possibility of attributing moral responsibility to groups qua groups. The collectivist approach has received substantial philosophical attention in recent years. However, most supporters of collectivism search for such possibility without strongly invoking the idea of group moral agency. In this article, I argue for an irreducible moral agential status of groups in terms of the intentional actions of their constituent individual members and their special conglomeration. I suggest that certain collective or group entities are capable of being identified as proper agents of moral assessment analogous to that of individual agents of similar assessment.

Objective In addition to its skeletal effects, vitamin D may also be important for health in general. It is uncertain what level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), marker of vitamin D status, is sufficient for these effects. With decreasing serum 25(OH)D levels there is an increase in serum PTH. The point at which this occurs has been considered as a threshold for vitamin D sufficiency. The thresholds found have varied widely and have mainly been based on observational studies. However, to truly establish a threshold for vitamin D effects, this has to be based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods The study included 2803 subjects from a general health survey, the Tromsø study, and pooled individual person data from five vitamin D intervention studies (n = 1544). Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and change in PTH after vitamin D supplementation were related to serum 25(OH)D levels in steps of 25 nmol/L (99 nmol/L). Results In the Tromsø study, in the females there was a gradual decrease in serum PTH with increasing serum 25(OH)D with no apparent plateau, whereas in the males the decrease in PTH in subjects with serum 25(OH)D >74 nmol/l was marginal. In pooled RCTs, there was a significant reduction in serum PTH by vitamin D supplementation regardless of baseline serum 25(OH)D level. Conclusions The use of the serum PTH–25(OH)D relation from observational studies to determine a threshold for vitamin D sufficiency is highly questionable.

According to Zagaria et al. (2020), evolutionary psychology may be the meta-theory that is needed if psychological science is to enter a paradigmatic stage. Other writers have suggested that what is needed is a person-oriented approach, which focuses on the person as a complex system that needs to be studied (1) as a whole (holism), (2) as an intentional agent in interaction with its environment (interactionism), and (3) in terms of his or her individual characteristics and development (idiographic focus). The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the compatibility of these two suggestions. A brief analysis of some formulations central to Dawkins’ gene-centered approach (e.g., “the intricate interdependence of genes”, and the dependence of genes on their environment) suggests that it is quite compatible with holism and interactionism; and applications such as genetic genealogy illustrate the possibility of a person-oriented genetics. It is argued that these two perspectives are not only compatible, but also complementary. Without a complement in the form of a person-oriented perspective, a gene-centered evolutionary psychology will at best be able to produce a general understanding of the psychological potentials that inhere in the human gene pool. It will not, however, lead to any understanding of the unique profiles of psychological potentials that are produced by a re-combination of autosomal DNA at the origin of each specific individual person, and that develop over time in interaction with the environment. The latter requires that the gene-centered view is complemented with a person-oriented approach.

There are many settings where individual person data (IPD) are not available, due to privacy or technical reasons, and one must work with IPD proxies, such as summary statistics, to approximate original IPD inferences, that is, the results of statistical analyses that would ideally have been performed on individual-level data. For instance, in a distributed computing setting, as implemented in the DataSHIELD software framework, different centers can only share IPD proxies to obtain pooled IPD inferences. Such privacy requirements limit the scope of statistical investigation. For example, it can be challenging to perform between-center random-effect regression models. To increase modeling freedom we propose a method that only uses simple nondisclosive summaries of the original IPD as input, such as empirical marginal moments and correlation matrices, and generates artificial data compatible with those summary features. Specifically, data are generated from a Gaussian copula with marginal and joint components specified by the above summaries. The goal is to reproduce original IPD features in the artificial data, such that original IPD inferences are recovered from the artificial data. In an application example, and through simulations, we show that we can recover estimates of a multivariable IPD random-effect logistic regression, from artificial data generated via the Gaussian copula using the above IPD summaries, suggesting the proposed approach provides a generally applicable strategy for distributed computing settings with data protection constraints.

Researchers apply individual person fit analyses as a procedure for checking model-data fit for individual test-takers. When a test-taker misfits, it means that the inferences from their test score...

As the Church follows the call of John Paul II for a New Evangelization, she must consider how the individual person actually comes to belief. Bl. John Henry Newman, soon to be canonized, addressed this question in An Essay in Aid of A Grammar of Assent. According to Newman, religious belief is not just a logical acceptance of intellectual propositions. It is a commitment of the whole person to God, according to the image of God formed in the person’s imagination. (The imagination is that faculty possessed by every human person, which coordinates real life experiences and allows the person to comprehend the real world around him).It is by intentionally employing the imagination, rather than demonstrative logic, that the human person arrives at a belief that is well-grounded, neither cold nor fanatical. Accordingly, our evangelical activity, while never neglecting the truth of the Gospel, should seek to engage the senses and feelings of the human ­person and not merely the intellect.

PurposeOne’s standpoint and consequent research paradigm impacts how we conduct research, including study design, analyses interpretation and dissemination of results. In 2017, the authors began PhD, studying the potential barriers to aftercare treatment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged under 16 who had sustained a burn injury in one of five major hospitals in Australia. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachAs Aboriginal PhD students, the authors are conducting research using Aboriginal ontology as a framework, which is based on a holistic framework with interconnectedness, person-centred care and Aboriginal ways of knowing as the foundation. The framework has been shaped by the first author’s knowing, being and doing, and the authors’ worldview has informed and shaped the standpoint and the way the research has been developed and conducted.FindingsIt was important for the authors to have a connectedness to each aspect of the research and to each individual person that shared their story: this was paramount to the ways of being.Originality/valueThis connectedness stems from growing up on the authors’ country and learning from elders, from the connection to all entities living around, within and with the authors. The Indigenous research methodology was used throughout the study, including yarning and Dadirri, a way of deep listening and learning, as the basis for interviewing.

The development of IT in over time was very important for every circle, from individual person until for organization. Furthermore, to make the function of IT more optimalized in education system, the writer did the research about the using of raport online application base on website which was responsive with gadget to make easily the students and the foster parents monitored the students score without came into the school. Beside that, the teacher and the employee’s school will be help on collected the students score without used of computer or laptop. There were two research question to be investigated on this study, how is the system design of the raport online base on website which used on SMPN 2 Tanjunganom? Then, how is the result of the raport online base on website in SMPN 2 Tanjunganom?. This study used of application with built on MVC ASP.NET method (Visual Studio 2014), C#, Sql Server 2014 and with free hosting. In the collecting the data, the writer used of observation and interview techniques. The result of this study showed that the using of raport online application in SMPN 2 Tanjunganom which was used C# method MVC ASP.NET can be concluded that the application was efficient because the application was facilitate for the teacher and employee’s school on collecting the students score. Beside that, the students and the foster parents can be easily to use the application to monitored the result of students score. The writer suggested to the school’s side to more optimalized the IT facility in the school, this condition was very important to confronted the globalisation era with the technology do evolve over time.

El Estado moderno basa su sistema jurídico, pero también sus políticas públicas en los Derechos Humanos, lo que sirvió en principio para hacer la relación autoridad gobernado menos abusiva. Actualmente, los valores fundamentales que les dan sustento con su gran carga de moralidad hacen especial referencia a la persona en lo individual; no obstante, pueden y deben convivir con otros principios y valores que, reparando más en lo colectivo, pueden incluso fortalecerlos, si se considera que el fin último de la convivencia social organizada es el bien común, que requiere del cumplimiento del deber y de la proporción en el reparto de las cargas sociales. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es explorar las perspectivas existentes concluyendo que en la lógica de los derechos siempre deben existir deberes correlativos.

Despite huge advances in understanding the molecular basis of IBD, clinical management has continued to rely on a "trial and error" approach. In addition, a therapeutic ceiling has emerged whereby even the most effective interventions are only beneficial for approximately 30% of patients. Consequently, several tools have been developed to aid stratification and guide treatment-decisions. We review the potential application for many of these precision medicine approaches, which are now almost within reach. We highlight the importance of early action (and avoiding inaction) to ensure the best outcomes for patients and how combining early action with precision tools will likely ensure the right treatment is delivered at the right time and place for each individual person living with IBD. The lack of clinical impact to date from precision medicine, despite much hype and investment, should be tempered with the knowledge that clinical translation can take a long time, and many promising breakthroughs might be ready for clinical implementation in the near future. We discuss some of the remaining challenges and barriers to overcome for clinical adoption. We also highlight that early recognition, early diagnosis, early stratification, and early intervention go hand in hand with precision medicine tools. It is the combination of these approaches that offer the greatest opportunity to finally deliver on the promise of precision medicine in IBD.Several precision medicine tools to guide treatment decisions are almost ready for clinical implementation. We highlight that combining these tools with a focus on early action offers the greatest opportunity to finally deliver on the promise of precision medicine in IBD.

In recent months, there has been a lot of debate surrounding the use of those COVID-19 vaccines that have been either tested or manufactured with cell lines that were isolated from the remains of an aborted fetal child. Most faithful and orthodox Catholic moral theologians, among whom I count myself, have concluded that their use is not intrinsically evil. Therefore, like every other decision that falls into the category of actions that are not intrinsically evil, the decision to be vaccinated with these morally controversial vaccines has to be governed by the virtue of prudence. It is a decision that calls for a wisdom that properly sees this action within the constellation of actions that propels the human agent to the heights of holiness. This is why prayer is so essential for authentic moral judgment. With prayer, we ask the Holy Spirit who is the all-prudent one to guide our actions so that we can choose and act well not only for our only well-being but for the well-being of all. Acts that are not themselves intrinsically evil are deemed virtuous or not within the narrative of the individual person’s life.

The present short article is an attempt that has been made to examine the students’ attitude and intentions in the direction of Entrepreneurship in Chennai City. Entrepreneurial Personality type consists of the human features, capabilities, motives, mindsets, and also worths that form the individual person's experiences as well as actions. Entrepreneurial intentions are likewise taken into consideration as personal alignments which might cause venture developments. Hence, personality traits create the psychological and also behavioral procedures of people. Entrepreneurship is area relevance has elevated multifold over the last couple of decades around the world and also in the last number of years in India. Entrepreneurship has actually come to be a daily buzzword. Policymakers, economists, academics and even college students are discussing it.

Tiesību zinātne Tiesību zinātne Law Science Law Science Bakalaura darbs ir veltīts fiziskas personas maksātnespējas procesa saistību dzēšanas procedūras tiesiskā regulējuma izpētīšanai un piemērošanas Latvijas Republikā izzināšanai, izvērtējot konkrētās procedūras problēmjautājumus. Izpētot saistību dzēšanas procedūras norisi un nozīmi, kā arī parādnieka un kreditoru tiesības un pienākumus šajā procedūrā, secināts, ka fiziskas personas maksātnespējas mērķa un apakšmērķa sasniegšanai nepieciešams noteikt papildu pienākumus parādniekam un stingrāk veikt jau esošo izpildes kontroli, kā arī akcentēt kreditoru pienākumus un nepieciešamību vairāk iesaistīties maksātnespējas procesa norisē un uzraudzīšanā, nevis to atstāt tikai administratora un tiesas ziņā. Darbam ir 62 lappuses, tas sastāv no četrām nodaļām ar apakšnodaļām. The bachelor's thesis is dedicated to the study of legal regulation of liability settlement procedure in the insolvency proceedings of a individual person and the application of these regulations in the Republic of Latvia, evaluating the problematic issues of the specific procedure. Reseraching the process and significance of the liability settlement procedure, as well as the rights and responsibilities of the debtor and creditors in this procedure, it has been concluded that to achieve individual person's insolvency objective and sub-objectives it is necessary to assign additional responsibilities to the debtor and increase control of the existing duties, as well as emphasize creditor's responsibilities and necessity to be involved in the conduct and supervision of the insolvency proceedings, and not to leave it to the administrator and the court alone. The bachelor's thesis consists of 62 pages, four chapters with subsections.

For “consensus building” in which more than one people come to conclude, a variety of studies has been conducted on proposals of support methods using information technology, optimization simulations, analysis of consensus building for policy, etc. While their targets were the “outside” of the person, such as the opinions, positions, and conclusions issued by the person, these studies did not cover the “inside” of an individual person, that is, the process in the head such as the reasons leading to conclusions or remarks. Although human “emotion” is involved in the process, the involvement of emotion is not properly shown, and therefore it has not been an essential proposal to support consensus building or methodology. In this study, we conducted an experiment to consider the mechanism of consensus as a basic study to find the relationship between cognition and emotion in the process of consensus building. In order to conduct the consensus-building experiment, we developed a new “consensus to match” game and used “favorability” as the emotional aspect. We had 40 participants play the “consensus to match” game in pairs. The results showed that the sense of distance to consensus differed among the participants in the same dialogue, and that the “change rate in favorability to the other person” and the “change in favorability from the other person (estimated)” increased as a whole. In addition, “change rate in favorability to the other person” was larger than “change in favorability from the other person (estimated)” as a whole.

In this introduction we propose an agenda for working towards a diachronic typology of individual person markers. Rather than tracking the development of entire paradigms, our goal is to arrive at a better understanding of the diachronic pathways of those source constructions that end up as a conventionalized means of marking a particular person or person scenario, i.e. the specific (di)transitive person configuration. We discuss how this diachronic typology will need to consider certain types, or characteristics, of person markers, such as free vs. bound forms; SAP vs. 3rd person forms; or the status of person scenario markers. With respect to the source constructions and pathways, it is useful to distinguish between category-internal (e.g., person shift) and category-external (e.g., impersonal constructions) sources that give rise to person forms. We further offer a brief summary of the types of motivations that have been argued to lie behind the observed changes. Other issues of interest involve the stability vs. susceptibility for change as well as the optionality and synchronic variation of person forms, which may precede diachronic change.