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Aims: The objective of study was to study population density of Eurydema pulchrum in cabbage plants of Batu Palano, Agam, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Study Design: Purposive random sampling. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in cabbage plants, Batu Palano, Agam regency, Wesy Sumatera, Indonesia and Laboratory of Pest, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia from November 2022 to January 2023. Methodology: Purposive random sampling was used as method to collect E. pulchrum in the field. The area of cabbage plant field was 400 m2. E. pulchrum was collected by using sweep net and bare hand directly. Four locations were chosen as sampling locations. 10% of total plants of each location was determined as sampling plants. In each location, a diagonal imaginary line was made to determine sampling plants. ±67 plants in a diagonal line. The plants in diagonal line was determined systematically. The bugs in determined line was counted. The observation was conducted in 10.00-12.00 am for each location. Results: The population density of E. pulchrum in cabbage plants of Batu Palano was 0.06 individual/ plant. Conclusion: E. pulchrum status was not pest in cabbage plants of Batu Palano.

Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Membangun Nagari Tahun 2022 ini merupakan keberlanjutan kegiatan PKM Membantu Nagari Membangun Nagari tahun 2020 dan 2021, yang difokuskan kepada pengembangan dan pemberdayaan usaha perbenihan padi bersertifikat di Nagari Sungai Batang Kecamatan Tanjung Raya Kabupaten Agam. Lima kegiatan yang diberikan pada mitra PKM (KWT Semangat Berkarya) oleh Tim Pengabdian Unand, yaitu: 1). Sosialisasi teknologi pengeringan benih bersertifikat, 2). Penyuluhan dan sekolah lapang pengujian benih hasil penangkaran, 3). Sosialisasi penanganan hama gudang dan penyakit pasca panen, 4). Bimbingan teknis teknologi pengujian viabilitas benih berkualitas gabah hasil penangkaran, 5). Bimbingan teknis teknologi packing gabah hasil penangkaran. Lima kegiatan tersebut diberikan dalam bentuk sosialisasi dan sekolah lapang. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan PKM sudah terlaksana dengan baik, sukses, dan capaian tercapai 100%. Pada kegiatan pengabdian ini juga memperlihatkan adanya kolaborasi berbagai instansi, seperti BPSB Provinsi Sumatera Barat, POPT Kabupaten Agam, Instansi pemerintahan setempat. Mitra dari kegiatan PKM ini sangat berterima kasih karena dilatih menjadi penangkar benih padi bersertifikat, bahkan mendapatkan bantuan benih lainnya (kacang tanah) maupun alat produksi sebagai penangkar benih padi bersertifikat (mesin perontok gabah).

Aims: The study aimed to determine the type and dose of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to growth and yield of citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus L.) in former mining area land in Sawahlunto, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Study Design: Factorial completely randomized design. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in shade net house of Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia from September 2021-January 2022. Methodology: Two factors were used in the study. First factor was types of Arbuscular mychorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomus sp., Gigapora sp. dan multispores (Glomus sp. + Gigaspora sp.) and the second factor was AMF doses that consisted of four degrees, 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g/plant. The experiment result was analyzed by using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in 5% and continued by using Duncan’s New Multople Range Test (DNMRT) in 5%. Results: Type of AMF multispores in 20 g/ plant could number of tiller. Dose 20 g/plant could plant height and number of leaves. AMF multispores only increased number of tiller and net assimilation rate. Conclusion: Type and dose of AMF affected the agronomy parameter of citronella grass in former mining area land.

Aims: The study aimed to study the abundance and biodiversity of Coccinellid predators in rice field Ecosystem in Payakumbuh District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Study Design: Purposive random sampling. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in rice field of Payakumbuh District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera and Laboratory of Pest, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia from January to April 2022. Methodology: Purposive random sampling was used in the research. Three rice fields in Payakumbuh District was chosen as sampling locations. Sweep net method was using to collect the coccinellid and the collected coccinellids were identified in Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. The data was analyzed by using Shannon-Winner diversity index to analyze biodiversity and evenness index. Results: 30 individuals of three species of coccinelid predators were found in rice field ecosystem in Payakumbuh district. The species were Micraspis lineata (20 individuals), Menochilus sexmaculatus (9 individuals) and Coleophora bisselata (1 individual). The species diversity index (H’) and species evenness index (E) were 0.73 and 0.66 respectively. Conclusion: The diversity of coccinellid predators in rice field in Payakumbuh district was quite stable and more stable.

The conversion of fertile land into industrial areas and construction development has contributed to the decline of rice production in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the rice fields to the sub-optimal land, i.e. lands with high levels of Fe and Al and low soil pH. One of the solutions that can potentially solve the problem is choosing varieties of rice that can adapt to the suboptimal land environment; the rice varieties can be obtained by estimating rice genetic parameters and selecting the optimal planting methods. One method that can potentially improve rice yield is “System of Rice Intensification”, or SRI method. Our study was conducted in the rice fields on suboptimal land at Pasar Ambacang, Kuranji District, Padang, Sumatra, from December 2019 to April 2020. The aims of the experiment are to determine the genetic parameters and responses of the three rice varieties to suboptimal land using the SRI method. A complete randomized design with four replications was used to set up the experiment using three varieties of rice, i.e. “Batang Piaman”, “Bujang Marantau”, and “IPB3S”. Based on the plant growth measurement and analysis of the genetic parameters, we found that the plant growth characters, particularly height and panicles length, had high heritability and genetic progression values.

Produksi beras dunia hilang 25% setiap tahun karena kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh hama serangga, sepeti wereng. Salah satu upaya untuk mengendalikan hama wereng batang coklat yaitu dengan menggunakan genotipe lokal yang tahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui intensitas serangan dan tingkat ketahanan dari dua puluh empat genotipe lokal Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi terhadap hama wereng batang coklat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap satu faktor dengan empat ulangan. Faktor perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah 24 genotipe padi local Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi ditambah satu varietas yang tahan (Inpari 13) dan satu varietas yang rentan (TN1). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa seluruh genotipe yang diuji 100% terserang wereng batang coklat dengan tingkat intesitas serangan yang berbeda-beda. Berdasarkan tingkat intensitas serangan ditemukan katagori ringan dan berdasarkan SES IRRI 2013 ditemukan genotipe dengan kriteria tahan, yaitu pada genotipe Padi Sironda Putih (PL01), Padi Singgaro Merah (PL06), Padi Kuning Umur Panjang (PL07), Padi Ros (PL08), Padi Samo Putih (PL09), Padi Limbayang (PL10), Padi Sokan Umur Panjang (PL12), Padi Singgam Putih (PL14), Pulut Benai (PL17), Padi Kuning (PL21), Padi Gondok (PL22) dan Padi Katiok Putih (PL24). Tingkat intesitas serangan dengan katagori sedang terdapat pada genotipe Padi Saronda Merah (PL02), Pulut Hitam (PL04), Padi Ronda Putiah (PL05), Pulut Benai (PL13), Padi Singgam Kuriak (PL15), Pulut Kari (PL16), Padi Putih (PL19), Pulut Lupo Ka Laki (PL20) dan Padi Saronda Kuning (PL23). Tingkat intesitas serangan dengan katagori berat terdapat pada genotipe Padi Pandan Wangi (PL03), Pulut Karate (PL11) dan Padi Kuning (PL18).

Aims: The study aimed to explore the cocoa pod pests and the damage level of pests in Lima Puluh Kota regency, Indonesia. Study Design: Purposive random sampling. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in cocoa field in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia from January to June 2021. Methodology: Purposive random sampling was used in the research. Three districts that have cocoa fields were chosen as location of the study. One sub district of each district was chosen and two cocoa fields of each sub district were chosen as sampling. The criteria of field sampling were 1) the field area was 0.5 hectare, 2) the plants age ±4 years and the plants were productive. Results: The result showed that cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella) and pod sucking bug (PSB) (Helopeltis spp.) were the cocoa pod pest insects in Lima Puluh Kota regency. The percentage of attacked plants by CPB and PSB in Lima Puluh Kota were 21.18% and 56.28% respectively. Attacked pods by CPB and PSB were 10.82% and 79.45%. For attack intensity of CPB and PSB, there were 8.52% and 41.09% respectively. Conclusion: According to result obtained, the attack intensity of CPB and PSB in Lima Puluh Kota were Slight and Moderate respectively.

Indonesia mempunyai beragam sumberdaya pangan sehat yang sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan, salah satunya ialah Hanjeli. Diketahui bahwa tanaman serealia ini memiliki bentuk fenotipik yang beragam serta adaptif untuk tumbuh pada berbagai kondisi lingkungan. Beragamnya karakteristik antar genotipe hanjeli akan berpengaruh terhadap mutu biji baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas. Cara membedakan karakter khas dari masing-masing genotipe hanjeli, diperlukan pengamatan dan pengukuran secara detail salah satunya pada organ perkembangbiakan yakni biji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi mutu fisik biji hanjeli lokal Sumatera Barat sebagai langkah untuk mendapatkan genotipe yang potensial dari segi kuantitas maupun kualitas. Enam aksesi hanjeli yang digunakan meliputi PTA-1, KKD-3, PH-4, BTA-2, GT-2, dan TJR-2. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 3 ulangan sehingga didapatkan 18 satuan percobaan. Disimpulkan berdasarkan dimensi aksialnya (panjang, lebar dan tebal biji) menunjukkan bahwa aksesi dengan kode BTA-2 dan KKD-3 memiliki bentuk dan ukuran biji terbesar dan aksesi dengan kode GT-2 sebagai aksesi dengan bentuk dan ukuran biji terkecil. Pada pengamatan tingkat kekerasan biji, ketebalan epicarp, bobot 100 biji pecah kulit serta rendemen biji pecah kulit aksesi dengan kode PH-4 menunjukkan sebagai genotipe terbaik.

Objek dari penelitian ini adalah Prefiks {ba-} yang terdapat dalam Kaba. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mendiskripsikan bentuk dasar yang dapat bergabung dengan prefiks {ba-} dalam Kaba Rambun Pamenan, dan mendeskripsikan makna gramatikal prefiks {ba-} yang terdapat dalam Kaba Rambun Pamenan setelah bergabung dengan bentuk dasar. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori morfologi (Ramlan, 1987); (Kridalaksana, 2008); Kamus linguistik (Kridalaksana, 2008); Tata Bahasa Minangkabau (Ayub, dkk 1993) dan Kamus Bahasa Minangkabau-Indonesia (Burhanuddin, 2009). Metode dan teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini di bagi menjadi beberapa tahap, yaitu: 1) metode dan teknik penyediaan data; 2) metode dan teknik analisis data; dan 3) metode dan teknik penyediaan hasil analisis data. Adapun pada tahap penyediaan data, metode yang digunakan adalah metode simak dengan menggunakan teknik catat. Pada tahap analisis data, metode yang digunakan ialah metode padan, dengan teknik dasar Pilah Unsur Penentu (PUP) dan teknik lanjutan menggunakan teknik HBB dan HBS. Pada tahap penyajian hasil analisis data menggunakan metode informal dan formal. Berdasarkan analisis data, bentuk dasar yang dapat bergabung dengan prefiks {ba-} dalam Kaba Rambun Pamenan terdiri atas kata kerja, kata sifat, kata benda, kata bilangan, kata keterangan. Berdasarkan fungsinya ditemukan dua fungsi yaitu bersifat derivasional dan infleksional, yaitu (1) Prefiks {ba-} bergabung dengan verba (kata kerja) terjadi infleksional, (2) Prefiks {ba-} bergabung dengan ajektiva (kata sifat) terjadi derivasional, (3) Prefiks {ba-} bergabung dengan nomina (kata benda) terjadi derivasional, (4) Prefiks {ba-} bergabung dengan numeralia (kata bilangan) terjadi derivasional, (5) Prefiks {ba-} bergabung dengan adverbia (kata keterangan) terjadi infleksional. Makna gramatikal yang ditemukan pada “Prefiks {ba-} dalam Kaba Rambun Pamenan karya Sutan Mangkudun dan Ilyas Sutan Pangaduan” yaitu (1) Prefiks {ba-} bergabung dengan verba (kata kerja) menyatakan makna ‘melakukan’, dan menyatakan makna ‘saling’. (2) Prefiks {ba-} melekat pada ajektiva (kata sifat) menyatakan makna ‘dalam keadaan’. (3) Prefiks {ba-} bergabung dengan nomina (kata benda) menyatakan makna ‘mempunyai/memiliki’, ‘memakai’, ‘menggunakan’, ‘menghasilkan’, suatu perbuatan yang aktif’, ‘sedang mengusahakan’, ‘mengolah’, ‘perbuatan yang mengenai diri sendiri/refleksif’, ‘menjadi’, ‘menyampaikan’, selain itu juga menyatakan makna ‘melakukan’. (4) Prefiks {ba-} bergabung dengan numeralia (kata bilangan) menyatakan makna ‘jumlah yang tersebut pada kata dasar’. (5) Prefiks {ba-} melekat pada adverbia (kata keterangan) menyatakan makna ‘mempunyai/memiliki’. Kata Kunci: prefiks {ba-}, morfologi, fungsi, makna

Rice is still a main carbohydrat source for almost Asian people. The System of rice intensification (SRI) method is one effort in increasing rice production. In cultivating rice in this method, weed is the main problem. The research aimed to study the effect of land flooding to control weeds in rice field by using various rice varieties. The research was carried out in public rice field, Kuranji district, Padang, Indonesia. It was conducted from July-September 2019. A block randomized design was used as method in the study. The treatment was rice varieties: Batang Piaman, Panca Redek, PB 42, Batang Pasaman, and Saganggam Panuah. These treatments were replied to three times. The result showed 15 weed species were found in the experiment. According to Summed dominance ratio, Echinochloa crusgalli was the most dominant species in the field (28.05%). For plant height, Saganggam Panuah was the best variety (86.00 cm), and Batang Pasaman was the best one (20.50) for a number of the tiller.

Nagari Sungai Dareh Kecamatan Pulau Punjung Kabupaten Dharmasraya merupakan kawasan yang terletak di tepi Sungai Batang Hari. Sungai harus dilindungi dan dipelihara kelestariannya serta ditingkatkan fungsi dan manfaatnya guna kesehatan dan keberlanjutan ekosistem. Penanaman aren di bantaran sungai merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk menjaga kelestarian sungai. Selain bermanfaat untuk konservasi, aren juga memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan cara: 1) Kegiatan konservasi di bantaran sungai Batang Hari, dan 2) Pengenalan tanaman aren serta meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam hal budidaya aren. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Jorong Sungai Kilangan Nagari Sungai Dareh Kabupaten Dharmasraya dengan metode ceramah, diskusi dan demonstrasi penanaman aren di bantaran sungai. Jumlah mahasiswa yang dilibatkan adalah sebanyak lima orang. Masyarakat Nagari Sungai Dareh sangat antusias mendengarkan dan berdiskusi tentang budidaya aren dan pentingnya melakukan konservasi sungai. Kebanyakan peserta sangat tertarik dan akan langsung menanam aren pada lahan mereka masing-masing, namun masih ada beberapa yang masih akan mempelajari lebih lanjut. Sebagai bentuk harapan kami agar penanaman aren di bantaran sungai dapat sukses, maka kami memberikan bantuan ±200 bibit aren untuk masyarakat Nagari Sungai Dareh. Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui budidaya aren telah mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat tentang pentingnya menjaga kelestarian sungai serta prospek dan tantangan budidaya tanaman aren

Aims: The research aimed to study the interaction between chicken manure dose and mulch type to growth and yield of shallot in lowland. Study Design: Factorial design in Randomized complete block design. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in experimental garden of Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, West Sumatera, Indonesia from September-December 2019. Methodology: Factorial design with 3 factors in block randomized design was used in the research. The first factor chicken manure dose that consisted of three degrees (30 ton/ha, 40 ton/ha and 50 ton/ha). The second factor was type of mulch that consisted of two degrees (black plastic mulch and silver plastic mulch). The observed parameters were height of plant, number of leaves, number of bulb per clump and dry weight per hectare. The data was analyzed by using F test in 5% and followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test in 5%. Results: The result showed that the interaction between chicken manure and mulch type did not affect the growth and yield of shallot. Conclusion: Chicken manure and mulch type were not effective to use for increasing the growth and yield of shallot in same time.

Aims: The research aimed to study the interaction between Jajar Legowo method and silica fertilizer doses to growth and yield of rice. Study Design: Factorial design in Completely randomized design Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in farmer’s rice field in Linggo Sari Baganti, Pesisir Selatan, West Sumatera, Indonesia from July to Oktober 2020. Methodology: Factorial design with 2 factors in completely randomized design was used in the research. The first factor was Jajar Legowo method that consisted of 3 degrees (2:1, 3:1 dan 4:1) and the second factor was silica fertilizer doses that consisted of 4 degrees (0 ml/L, 5 ml/L, 10 ml/L and 15 ml/L). The data was analysed using F test 5% and continued by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) 5% Results: Generally, the interaction between Jajar legowo method and silica fertilizer did not affect the production of rice plant. But, for single factor both jajar legowo method and silica application affected the growth of rice plant Conclusion: The production per hectare of rice plant was lower than description so that this method should be improved to obtain the better result.

Aims: The research aimed to study the ability of natural and artificial self-pollinated (Geitonogamy) of gambir. Study Design: Experimental method consisted of determining the sample plants. Sampling determination was conducted by non probability sampling, purposive sampling. Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in the UPT Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang from September 2019 to December 2019 Methodology: an experimental method consisted of determining the sample plants, conducting natural and artificial geitonogamy self-pollinated systems, observing sample plants, collecting data based on the experiment, and sample-testing in the laboratory. Sample determination selected by non-probabilistic sampling with purposive sampling method. Observation included percentage of pollination, percentage of fertilization, number of fruit formed, pollen fertility and sterility Results: Data observations were analyzed with simple statistics. The results showed that (1) the percentage of pollination through the geitonogamy natural pollination system of udang gambier type was 89.30%, (2) the percentage of fertilization in the geitonogami's own natural pollination system was 10.68% and artificial was 27.5%, (3) the average percentage of pollen fertility was 56.56% and the pollen sterility was 43.44% tested with the bromothymol blue staining method. Conclusion: Artificial geitonogami self-pollination was potential to develop for gambir cultivation.

Masyarakat Kelurahan Lambung Bukik Kecamatan Pauh Kota Padang mayoritas bermata pencaharian bertani tanaman hortikultura, palawija, tanaman hutan (Sungkai dan gaharu) dan beternak sapi dan ayam. Kelompok Tani Sungkai Permai memiliki pohon gaharu yang telah berumur 2-5 tahun yang mana bibitnya diperoleh melalui kegiatan Elok Nagari CSR PT Semen Padang. Saat ini pohon gaharu tersebut sudah dapat berpotensi baik melalui inokulasi pathogen jamur pada pohon gaharu guna membentuk gubal gaharu yang bernilai ekonomi, maupun pemanfaatan daun menjadi minuman kesehatan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan: 1). masyarakat mengetahui cara budidaya tanaman gaharu, dan mengetahui manfaat dari tanaman ini serta tahu cara mengolah bagian dari pohon gaharu seperti gubal dan daun menjadi bahan baku minuman teh, 2). memberikan keterampilan khusus bagi anggota kelompok tani sehingga diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu usaha mandiri; 3). memberdayakan masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan lahan kosong melalui pola tanam agroforestri tanaman gaharu dengan tanaman perkebunan, 4). sebagai bentuk kegiatan kemasyarakatan dari Universitas Andalas, khususnya Fakultas Pertanian. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di kelompok Tani Sungkai Permai Kelurahan Lambung Bukik Kota Padang. Kelompok tani Sungkai Permai telah memperoleh pengetahuan tentang budidaya tanaman gaharu serta pemanfaatan teh melalui metode partisipatif dan pelatihan berupa demonstrasi dan demplot melalui penanaman lebih kurang 150 batang bibit gaharu sebagai bahan baku teh melalui pola agroforestri. Kelompok tani Sungkai Permai telah memperoleh pengetahuan pemanfaatan bagian gaharu menjadi teh gaharu sebagai minuman dan obat kesehatan dari daun dan gubal gaharu. Bahan baku daun dan gubal gaharu yang berasal dari pohon gaharu sekitar lahan petani di kelurahan Limau Manis atau daerah lain dapat dikelola oleh kelompok Tani Sungkai Permai dapat menjadi peluang usaha produktif sebagai teh dan obat dalam bentuk minuman kesehatan untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat.

The people of Lambung Bukik Village, Pauh Subdistrict, Padang City, mostly work on horticultural crops, secondary crops, raising cattle, and chickens. Agriculture in this area uses mostly inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers. This results in the high need for farmers for inorganic fertilizers. The activity's objectives are 1. to obtain an organic production module by utilizing horticultural agricultural waste, secondary crops, and cow dung, 2. analyzing the organic fertilizer content, 3). obtain organic fertilizer containing high nutrient elements and 4. obtain organic fertilizer derived from organic fertilized waste material with EM4, MOL, and Trichoderma sp. Activities were carried out in the UPPO Sungkai Permai farming community through organic fertilizer processing technology. Participants in this activity are members of farmer groups, community leaders, and accompanied by Andalas University students. The activity methods applied are 1. training and demonstration on the manufacture of organic fertilizers from agricultural waste and cow dung using EM-4, Mol, Trichoderma sp, 2. demonstration of making local microorganisms (MOL), 3. analyzing nutrient elements of organic fertilizers, and 4. a demonstration plot of organic spinach and water spinach using organic fertilizers from three different organizer depupuk, namely: EM4, fruit mole, and a mixture of both. The results achieved were: organic fertilizer processing methods, and quality organic fertilizers with the highest average nutrient content of fruit mole samples (N = 1,823%, P = 1,717%, K = 0.757%, Mg = 0.742, C. organic 27,400 , Organic matter = 47.237, and the highest C / N = 39.645%. The demonstration plot of organic fertilizer from three organic fertilizer samples obtained that the use of fruit moles as organizer depupuk resulted in the best growth and yield of spinach and kale wet weight.

Aims: The research aimed to study the response of West Sumatera brown rice growth on nutrient culture media. Study Design: Factorial design with 2 factors in completely randomized design. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Laboratory of Seed Technology and Shade net house, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia from May to July 2019. Methodology: Factorial design with 2 factors in completely randomized design was used in the research. The first factor was brown rice genotypes (Talang Babungo, Sigambiri, Pido Manggih, Labuh Baru, Balingka, Situjuah, Banuhampu, Pulen Talao, Ladang Talamao and Sikarujuik. The second factor was FeSo2 concentrations (0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 750 ppm). The data was analysed using F test 5% and continued by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) 5%. Results: The result showed that there was interaction between brown rice genotypes and Fe concentrations to plant height and root dry weight in early growth stage. According the stress sensitivity index, Sigambiri and Ladang Talamao were the tolerant genotypes to high Fe stress and Talang Babungo and Banuhampu were moderately tolerant genotype in high concentration of Fe stress. Conclusion: High Fe concentration affected the brown rice growth. This result can be a consideration to cultivate brown rice in high iron content land.

Aims: The research aimed to study the response of agronomy and physiology of rice plant to different silica sources. Study Design: Completely randomized design. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in screen house of Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia from April to December 2018. Methodology: Completely randomized design was used in the assay. The treatment was 10 Si sources (No silica, Si 1 ppm, Si 2 ppm, Si 3 ppm, husk charcoal 50 g/plant, husk charcoal 100 g/plant, husk charcoal 150 g/plant, husk ash 50 g/plant, husk ash 100 g/plant, husk ash 150 g/plant). The variety was Anak Daro. Each treatment was replied 3 times so that 30 experimental units were obtained. The data was analysed by using F test in 5% and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) in 5%. The data analysis using software Statistic Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR). Results: Silica sources affected the agronomic and physiological characters of rice plant. 2,3 ppm of silica, 100 and 150 g of husk charcoal and 100 g of husk ash were the best silica source for plant height. 3 ppm silica affected the number of tiller of rice plant. In number of chlorophyll, 150 g of husk ash affected the number of chlorophyll A and the silica sources did not affect the number of chlorophyll B. Conclusion: The sources of silica affected the agronomic and physiological response of rice plant which can be useful for rice cultivation in the region.

Aims: The research aimed to study the effect of several dose of vermicompost to arabica coffee seedling growth. Study Design: Completely randomized design. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in experimental garden of Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University from September to December 2018. The altitude of research site was 385 meter above sea level (asl). Methodology: The research aimed to study the effect of several dose of vermicompost to arabica coffee seedling growth. Completely randomized design was used in the research that consisted of 5 treatments (No vermicompost, 5 ton/ha, 10 ton/ha, 15 ton/ha and 20 ton/ha) and replied 3 times. Each experimental unit consisted of 6 seedlings. The data was analyzed by Duncan’s New Multiple Test in 5%. Results: The result showed that 5 ton/ha of vermicompost dose has affected the growth component of arabica coffee seedling. Conclusion: The addition of vermicompost dose affected the arabica coffee seedlings growth.

Aims: The research aimed to study the interaction of mulch types and chicken manure doses to growth and yield of shallot. Study Design: Factorial design in completely randomized design with 2 factors. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Panai Pasir Talang, Muaralabuh, South Solok Regency, West Sumatera, Indonesia from December 2018 to February 2019. The altitude of research site was 430 meter above sea level (asl). Methodology: Factorial design in completely randomized design with 2 factors was used in the research. First factor was much types (black plastic, silver plastic mulch and rice straw mulch). The second factor was chicken manure dose (10 ton/ha, 20 ton/ha and 30 ton/ha). The data was analyzed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test in 5%. Results: The result showed that there was no effect of the interaction between mulch types use and chicken manure doses on growth and yield of shallot. For single factor, the black plastic mulch was the best treatment for fresh tuber weight per hectare (11.74 ton/ha). 20 ton/ha of chicken manure dose affected the plant height, number of leaves, fresh tuber weight per hectare and dry weight per hectare. Conclusion: There was no treatment can be conducted for increasing the growth of shallot.

The widespread use of mutagenesis for plant genetic improvement can be explained by a number of factors, including the fact that new varieties can be developed in a shorter time than conventional breeding methods and that transgenesis is more difficult to re-engineer. Gamma rays are physical mutagens that are often used in plant mutagenesis techniques and are safe for human health because there is no environmental risk in the induced generations. The method used in this paper is by grouping articles according to their relevance to the subject and year of research, and finally managing the explanatory structure. Journal articles for the period 2012 to 2022 were searched using keywords: breeding, mutation, mutagen, rice, and gamma iridation. The selection of selected articles comes from the PubMed, Elsevier, and Springer web sites. This paper integrates the available data on the effects of mutation breeding of plant varieties in different countries and addresses the potential of gamma irrigation as a flexible and practical approach that can be applied to rice crops and an appropriate selection method.

Hanjeli is one of the alternative food crops that are high in nutrients, healthful, easy to grow, and adaptable to a wide range of environmental circumstances. Due to the limited understanding of people who believe Hanjeli is a wild plant or weed, usage of this commodity is still quite low in Indonesia. To save and prevent the loss of genetic resources, it is vital to study, inventory, and characterize Hanjeli so that plant breeders can use it to create greater varieties in the future. The goals of this study are to: (1) learn about the existence and types of Hanjeli plants in West Sumatra Province; (2) collect Hanjeli germplasm; and (3) learn about the morphological diversity and level of similarity of Hanjeli plants as a starting point for germplasm conservation of Hanjeli plants in West Sumatra. This study took place in four districts/cities in West Sumatra Province from June to November 2021. This study is carried out using a survey method with purposive sampling. The NTSYSpc2.02i application is used to present morphological data descriptively and for similarity analysis. 69 Hanjeli accessions were discovered throughout the exploration process. Hanjeli grows between 6 to 1575 meters above sea level and can thrive in a variety of environments, including arid ground and regions near water sources (starting on the outskirts of streams to the edges of rice fields). For all characters, the phenotypic similarity study of Hanjeli plants yielded similarity coefficients ranging from 0.67 to 1. At 0.67, the accessions were divided into two groups: 66 accessions in the first group, and 3 accessions in the second group.

Increasing the productivity of potato crops will require the availability of tubers that are of high quality and resistantto disease. Giving isolates rhizobacteria and coumarin is expected to increase the growth and formation of potato tubers.The purpose of this study was to obtain the best types of rhizobacteria and coumarin concentrations in increasing theproductivity of potato plants. The research was conducted in the experimental garden of the Center for Technology Transferand Agricultural Zone Development of Andalas University, Alahan Panjang, Solok Regency, West Sumatra, from October2016 to January 2017. The study used a 2-factor complete randomized design with three replications. The first factor wasrhizobacterial isolates, namely without bacteria, BT.4.1 isolates, BT.4.2 isolates, BT.4.3 isolates. The second factor was theconcentration of coumarin growth inhibitors, namely 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg L-1. The parameters observed were morphologicalcharacterization rhizobacteria, leaf area, relative growth rate, growth rate potato tubers at 1-month-old, fresh weight oftubers aged 100 days after planting, tuber classes, namely: large, medium and small. Observation data were analyzed bythe F test, followed by the HSD test at 5% level. The results showed that BT4.1 and BT.4.2 rhizobacteria with coumarin 100mg L-1 and 150 mg L-1 increased the growth of potato plants, while the results of potato plants were more affected by theapplication of BT.4.1 and BT rhizobacteria.

One of brown rice resistance is tolerant to Aluminium stress. The research was conducted in Seed Technology Laboratory and shade net house of Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University form March to June 2017. The research aimed to study the tolerance of 6 Pasaman brown rice genotypes to Al stress. Factorial design in Completely Randomized Design was used in this research. The first factor was brown rice genotypes, Sigambiri,LadangTalamau, SikarojukSilomlomPulen and Perbatasan. The second factor was AlCl3 doses, 0 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm and 20 ppm. The data was analysed by F test and extended by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test in 5%. The result showed that there was interaction between Al concentration and 6 brown rice genotypes for height of plant, length of leaves. Based on tolerance level, all genotypes were grouped to Moderate-Tolerant level.

This research was conducted from May to July 2018. Observation of vegetation was carried out in the ex-fire of Talang Mount area, while identification of vegetation was carried out in the Herbarium Biology Departmen, Faculty of Science and Mathematics Andalas University. The purpose of this study is to identify vegetation that grows after forest fire, to determine the effect of forest fire on the succession processes. Vegetation analysis in natural forest and post-combustion forest was carried out by making observation plots of vegetation with map sizes for seedling level of 2mx2m, sapling level of 5mx5m, pole level of 10mx10m and tree level with a size of 20mx20m. Observation data is carried out with important value index analysis, There are 22 identified vegetations that grow after forest fire. The influence of forest fire on the existence of the succession process indicated by the presence of plants that grow in the post-burning forest area, namely Similac sp and A6 plants.

Population growth rates cause an increase in food demand, but the planting area is decreasing due to land-use change. The land available to be utilized by farmers is mostly suboptimal land. The disadvantages of suboptimal land are low pH values ​​(4.7) and a small number of nutrients (Nitrogen = 0.11%, Phosphorus = 0.45 ppm, very low Carbon, very high Aluminum, and medium Cation exchange capacity) and for increasing the value of suboptimal land can be given organic fertilizer such as cattle manure and kieserite. This study aims to determine the effect of cattle manure and kieserite on rice growth with the SRI planting system in suboptimal land. The study was carried out in farmers' paddy fields at Ambacang Market, Kuranji District, Padang from June to October 2019. This experiment uses a completely randomized design (CRD). Data were analyzed by the F test at a 5% significance level. If it is significantly different, it is continued with the Honestly Significant Difference test (HSD) at the 5% significance level. The results showed that the application of cattle manure and kieserite can increase the height of rice plants and the number of tillers.

Most of rice seeds experience after ripening problem which then result in seed dormancy. This kind of dormancy could be broken through various types of treatments, including storaging in dry place for certain period. This study was aimed to evaluate the combination between seed water content and storage duration to induce the seed germination of local genotype brown rice, Daro Merah. Various levels of seed water content (6-10, 11-15, 16-20 and 21-25 %) and storage duration (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks) were evaluated to identify its effect on Daro Merah seed germination. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance where significance were further proceeded using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test with a p>0.05. The results showed that seed germination of Daro Merah reached 95 % at five days after seeding when the seed water content was maintained at 6-10% and stored for 8 weeks. After 14 days, the germination reached 99 % and most of the seeds showed some shoots emerged from the soil. Keywords: Brown rice, germination, seed water content, storage duration, Daro Merah

Dwipa I, Syarif A, Suliansyah I, Swasti E. 2018. West Sumatra Brown Rice resistance to Brown Planthopper and Blast Disease. Biodiversitas 19: 893-898. Brown rice is a highly nutritious rice widely consumed as the carbohydrate substitute of common rice. Brown rice resistance to biotic stress is one of indicators of a superior variety. Our study aimed to analyze the response of several brown rice genotypes from West Sumatra to brown planthopper attack and blast disease. This study comprised two experiments, the resistance assay to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) and the resistance assay to blast fungi Pyricularia oryzae. The resistance assay to brown planthopper was done using randomized block design experiment with three replicates. Eighteen brown rice genotypes (15 brown rice, 2 black rice, and 1 control genotype) were tested in the assay. From 17 brown and black rice tested, 7 genotypes were resistant and 2 were moderately resistant. For blast resistance analysis, fifteen rice genotypes (13 brown rice and 2 black rice) were used. There was only 1 genotype highly resistant and 3 moderately resistant to blast disease among those 15 brown and black rice.

System of rice intensification (SRI) is a method of rice cultivation which has proven to increase the rice yield if comparing to the conventional method. The research aimed to study the influence of flooding of land to phyllochron emergence and tiller of rice plant. The research was conducted in farmer field in Koto Tangah, Padang from May-June 2018. Randomized block design in split-plot was used in this research. The main plot was the inundation time before planting in 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Three replications were used in this research. The subplot was the three rice varieties, Pandan Wangi, PB 42 and Kuranji 012. The result showed that variety PB 042 and Kuranji 012 in 14 days of inundation were the best variety with the amounts of tillers were 40.

Indonesia national potato production is still relatively low compared with other countries. National potato production in 2017 range from 1,164,738 tonnes with an average per hectare production of western Sumatra 15.4 and 40 398 tonnes with an average of 19.37 tonnes per hectare (CBS, 2018). While the production of other countries such as: Australia 39.69 tonnes / ha, with 47.15 tonnes / ha, Japan 30.65 tonnes / ha and Laos 30.04 tonnes / ha. The low productivity of potato in Indonesia can be caused by several factors, such as the limited avaiNARility of nutrients, poor quality seeds, post-harvest handling of seed and farming systems that are less good. One important factor that greatly affects the growth and yield of potato crop is limited nutrients provided one of them is' phosphate.Phosphate is an essential nutrient that is needed for the plants in regulating physiological processes of plants. So to improve the growth and yield of potatoes should be given rhizobakteri and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Rhizobakter type used in this research iswithout rhizobakteri, RZ1.L2.4, RZ1.L2.1, RZ2.L2.1 while the FMA dose is 5 g, 10 g and 15 g. The best treatment for the growth and yield of potato crop is rhizobakteri RZ2.L2.1 with a dose of 5 g FMA because it can increase net assimilation rate and leaf area index

Dwipa I, Sumbari C, Anwar A. 2020. Plant soil seed bank analysis in wildfire former area of Mount Talang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 155-160. Forest wildfire affects the ecosystems that live in it. One of them is plant ecosystem. One of forest wildfire occurred in Mount Talang, West Sumatra, Indonesia on February 1, 2018. This research aimed to study the soil seed bank that grew after wildfire in mount Talang. The sampling collection was done from former forest fire and natural forest. Germination of soil seed bank was conducted in the Laboratory of Seed Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and identification was conducted in Herbarium of Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia. Nested sampling was used in this study. Two natural forest and 2 former forest wildfire sites were used as sampling locations. Observation plot for sampling collection sized as 2 m x 2 m for sowing, 5 m x 5 m for stake, 10 m x 10 m for pole and 20 m x 20 m for tree. In plot, soil seed bank sampling was taken in 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm and 15-20 cm in depth. The result showed that 1 family and 14 plant-soil seed bank species were found in natural forest and 8 plant-soil seed bank was found in forest wildfire former area.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Batusangkar, Sumatera Barat berupa percobaan non-faktorial tiga perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan dalam bentuk Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Jenis Talas yang digunakan sebagai bahan percobaan adalah Talas Kimpul (Xanthosoma sagittifolium). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemangkasan terhadap indeks luas daun dan kandungan klorofil talas. Perlakuan pemangkasan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari; tanpa pemangkasan, pemangkasan dengan meninggalkan 4 helai daun, dan pemangkasan dengan meninggalkan 6 helai daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemangkasan daun berpengaruh terhadap nilai indeks luas daun serta kandungan klorofil talas Kimpul. Perlakuan tanpa pemangkasan menunjukkan nilai rataan tertinggi terhadap variabel yang diamati. Kata kunci: pemangkasan daun, pengaruh, talas kimpul