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Complex processing of industrial waste of individual industries, including wastewater treatment, containing sulfur anions and cations of heavy metals, in order to obtain both purified water and finished industrial products is an urgent task for today. The possibility of efficient use of regenerated mixed sorbent (AC+K), containing activated carbon (AC) and diatomaceous earth (K), for wastewater treatment of certain technological processes of chemical (petrochemical) industry and galvanic industries has been shown. The sorbent with the removed contaminants was offered to be utilized as a part of plastic lubricants of special purpose. The technological process of complex sorption treatment of industrial wastewater from sulfide and copper (II) ions includes the following main stages: sorbent regeneration; purification of sulfide-alkaline solutions; purification of washing waters of galvanic productions; obtaining plastic oils. The basic technological scheme of the site of regeneration of the spent mixed sorbent (AC+K) and purification of water-sugar solutions from organic impurities was developed. The material balance of regeneration of the spent mixed sorbent was calculated. The basic technological scheme of the site of combined treatment of industrial wastewater from sulfide and copper (II) ions, regeneration of spent industrial oils with regenerated sorbent (AC+K) and production of plastic oils has been developed. It was shown that the technology of complex sorption wastewater treatment is based on the most common technological processes - heating, cooling, adsorption and filtration and does not require complex schemes of automatic process control, and chemical equipment is typical for chemical enterprises in Ukraine. The economic effect of production of special purpose plastic oils was calculated. Комплексне перероблення промислових відходів окремих виробництв, зокрема і очищення стічних вод, що містять аніони сульфуру та катіони важких металів, з метою отримання як очищеної води, так і кінцевої промислової продукції є актуальним завданням сьогодення. Показано можливість ефективного використання регенерованого сумішевого сорбенту (АВ + К), що містить активоване вугілля (АВ) та кізельгур (К), для очищення стічних вод окремих технологічних процесів хімічної (нафтохімічної) промисловості та гальванічних виробництв. Сорбент з вилученими забруднювачами запропоновано утилізувати у складі пластичних мастил спеціального призначення. Технологічний процес комплексного сорбційного очищення промислових стічних вод від сульфід- та купрум(ІІ)-іонів включає такі основні стадії: регенерація сорбенту; очищення сульфідно-лужних розчинів; очищення промивних вод гальванічних виробництв; отримання пластичних мастил. Розроблено принципову технологічну схему ділянки регенерації відпрацьованого сумішевого сорбенту (АВ + К) та очищення водно-цукрових розчинів від органічних домішок. Розраховано матеріальний баланс регенерації відпрацьованого сумішевого сорбенту. Розроблено принципову технологічну схему ділянки комбінованого очищення промислових стічних вод від сульфід- та купрум(ІІ)-іонів, регенерації відпрацьованих індустріальних олив регенерованим сорбентом (АВ + К) та отримання пластичних мастил. Показано, що технологія комплексного сорбційного очищення стічних вод ґрунтується на найбільш поширених технологічних процесах – нагріванні, охолодженні, адсорбції та фільтруванні та не потребує складних схем автоматичного управління процесом, а хімічне обладнання є типовим для хімічних підприємств України. Розраховано економічний ефект виробництва пластичних мастил спеціального призначення.

Plant fatty acids are used for food, feed, fuel, and industrial materials. Structurally and chemically diverse fatty acids, referred to as unusual or specialized fatty acids, are found in the seed oils of diverse plant species. Many unusual fatty acids have potential use as alternative and renewable sources of biofuels and bio‐based industrial feedstocks due to their variant structures' physical or functional properties. Oils enriched in these fatty acids can increase the value of oilseed crops and provide co‐products that can be readily extracted from lignocellulosic materials in biomass crops. Here, we describe recent progress in strategies for enhancement of oil production and quality in oilseed crops and the extension of this knowledge for metabolic engineering of biomass crops. Successful implementation of these strategies, in part, through the use of emerging synthetic biology tools, will provide added product value for the economic sustainability of biomass crops as bioenergy feedstocks.

ObjectiveDespite increasing prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), little attention has been directed to how occupational exposures may contribute to risk. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between metalworking fluids (MWF) and ESRD in a cohort of 36 703 male autoworkers.MethodsWe accounted for competing risk of death, using the subdistribution hazard approach to estimate subhazard ratios (sHRs) and 95% CIs in models with cubic splines for cumulative exposure to MWF (straight, soluble or synthetic).ResultsBased on 501 ESRD cases and 13 434 deaths, we did not observe an association between MWF and ESRD overall. We observed modest associations between MWF and ESRD classification of glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy. For glomerulonephritis, the 60th percentile of straight MWF was associated with an 18% increased subhazard (sHR=1.18, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.41). For diabetic nephropathy, the subhazard increased 28% at the 60th percentile of soluble MWF (sHR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.64). Differences by race suggest that black males may have higher disease rates following MWF exposure.ConclusionsExposure to straight and soluble MWF may be related to ESRD classification, though this relationship should be further examined.

The microbial conversion of agro-industrial oil wastes into biosurfactants shows promise as a biomass refinery approach. In this study

Background Metalworkers are exposed to a variety of contact allergens by handling tools, metals, metalworking fluids (MWFs), oils and greases, rubber materials, and so on. Most large‐scale reports on contact allergy due to MWFs are more than 10‐years‐old, and there are only few studies on contact allergy in mechanics and other metal workers not exposed to MWFs. Objectives To describe a current spectrum of contact sensitization in metalworkers with occupational dermatitis (OD). Patients and Methods Retrospective analysis of patch test data collected by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK; 2010–2018), stratifying for 804 cutting metalworkers, 2197 mechanics, and 355 other metalworkers. Results Cutting metalworkers were most frequently sensitized to monoethanolamine (12.6%), colophonium/abietic acid (11.4%) and formaldehyde releasers (up to 8.5%) from the MWF series, and formaldehyde (4.6%) and iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (4.6%) from the baseline series. Sensitization among mechanics and other metalworkers indicates possible occupational exposure to MWFs, glues, and resins, although this may not be expected from their job titles. Conclusions The spectrum of MWF contact allergens remained largely unchanged during the last years. Taking a comprehensive occupational history is indispensable in order to not miss relevant allergen exposures.

Objectives: This report describes the extended follow-up (1941–2015) of a cohort of 38 549 automobile manufacturing workers with potential exposure to metalworking fluids (MWF). The outcomes of interest were mortality from cancers of the esophagus, stomach, intestine, rectum, bladder, liver, pancreas, larynx, lung, skin, prostate, brain, and female breast, as well as leukemia. This report includes 5472 deaths from cancer, more than ten times the numbers of deaths in our last summary report published 20 years ago. Methods: Standardized mortality ratios were computed for the entire study period. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated in Cox proportional hazard models with categorical variables for cumulative exposure to each type of MWF. Results: Exposure–response patterns are consistent with prior mortality reports from this cohort. We found increased risk of skin and female breast cancer with straight fluids. For the first time, we found elevated risk of stomach cancer mortality. Overall, many of the exposure–response results did not suggest an association with MWF. Conclusions: Mortality is a poor proxy for cancer diagnosis for treatable cancers and not the optimal outcome measure in etiological studies. Although the HR presented here handle bias from the healthy worker hire effect and left truncation, they do not handle bias from healthy worker survivor effect, which likely results in underestimates of the health impacts of MWF. Although this updated summary provides some information on the risk of cancer from MWF, targeted future analyses will help clarify associations.

This paper considers the mechanism of formation and structure of boundary lubricating films on the metal surface in the presence of different types of additives, namely fatty acids and cholesteric-type mesogens, whose molecules have a phenanthrene skeleton. The results of laboratory studies of the tribological properties of industrial oil I-30A supplemented with the indicated types of additives in various concentrations are presented. The studies were carried out on a four-ball friction machine according to the standard method, and the main indicators of the lubricating ability of oil samples with additives, such as the diameter of the wear spot, critical load, scoring index, and welding load, were determined. According to the obtained results, it was found that the greatest positive effect on the lubricating ability of industrial oils is exerted by a liquid crystal additive, when compared to fatty acid, and the maximum anti-wear effect is observed at concentrations lying within the studied range. These data indicate the presence of a region of rational concentration of the liquid crystal additive in industrial oil.

This study presents a brief overview of the composition and properties of various oils used in biodiesel production and the alkali, acidic and enzymatic transesterification reactions used in production. Nowadays, vegetable and microalgae oils are mostly used in biodiesel production. Recently, however, animal fats, processed oils, industrial oils and yeast and bacterial oils have also gained importance. Although all fats and oils are roughly similar, their saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol or glycerol contents may be different and affect the production and efficiency of the biodiesel. Triglycerides are the most significant lipids in biodiesel production. Triglycerides in vegetable oils dominantly contain C18:1ω9 and C18:2ω6 fatty acids. Whereas, triglycerides in animal fats mostly include C16:0 and C18:1ω9 fatty acids. Microalgae are rich in long-chain fatty acids such as C20 and C22. Also, fatty acids such as C14:0, C16:1ω7, C18:0, C20:0, C22:0, C24:0, C22:1ω9, C18:3ω6, C20:4ω6 and C20:5ω6 are present in oils and fats. However, their proportions change from feedstock to feedstock. Rendered animal-originated fats include larger quantities of FFA than waste vegetable oils and, as known, excessive amounts of FFA generate soap in reactions with the alkaline catalyst, reducing biodiesel efficiency. For this reason, generally vegetable and microalgal oils containing a large number of triglycerides and less FFA are preferred for biodiesel production. Bacteria can synthesize branched fatty acids. It has been reported that biodiesel produced from branched fatty acids has advantages according to biodiesel produced from other lipids. Consequently, the use of correct and reliable lipids in biodiesel production is very important for the quality of fuel.

Re-refining of used lubricating oil has appeared as a valuable technique to re-refining of used engine and industrial oils. This paper focused on the vacuum distillation thin wiped film evaporation technique of used lubricating oil recycling. The whole process consists of dehydration, gas oil evaporation, thin wiped film evaporation and clay treatment. The produced base oils are in group I through determination of sulfur contents, percentage of saturate compounds and viscosity indexes. The obtained results are practicable with most of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) properties and reduced most of worn metals in the refined base oils.

The innovative way of increasing the efficiency of traditional methods for processing the optimized compositions of rape or soy-gm oils with the addition of ratsin oil (the so-called compols ) by the methods of glycolysis and esterolysis is considered. These compositions are processed into alternative biocomponents of the branch of lubricating materials, in particular into biooils. It has been shown that the earlier developed methods of glycolysis — esterolysis of compols is characterized by low indicators, in particular selectiveness in relation to biooils, their output and quality. It is suggested to realize these methods as consisting of two stages with their first common stage — alcoholysis of compols by glycerine (glycerolysis-2) and the following stage which involves glycolysis or esterolysis of the intermediate product of glycerolysis. Due to the application of such technique, a drastic increase of selectiveness methods is achieved. It is demonstrated that in their functional properties and tribological characteristics new biooils are on a par with the best traditional base oils, in particular such very expensive and ecologically dangerous ester-type synthetic oils. Ref. 15, Tab. 3.

The main purpose of this work was to determine if the use of hybrid nail polishes causes changes in concentration of the most important sulfur amino acids that build nail plate structures, cysteine and methionine. We found that the average contents of cysteine and methionine in studied samples before the use of hybrid manicure were 1275.3 ± 145.9 nmol mg−1 and 111.7 ± 23.8 nmol mg−1, respectively. After six months of hybrid manicure use, the average amount of these sulfur amino acids in studied samples were 22.1% and 36.5% lower in the case of cysteine and methionine, respectively. The average amounts of cysteine and methionine in nail plate samples after the use of hybrid manicures were 992.4 ± 96.2 nmol mg−1 and 70.9 ± 14.8 nmol mg−1, respectively. We also confirmed that in studied women the application of UV light varnishes reduced the thickness of the nail plate, from 0.50 ± 0.12 mm before to 0.46 ± 0.12 mm after the use of the hybrid manicure.

STUDY QUESTION Are there significant differences between the available commercial oil brands used for human IVF? SUMMARY ANSWER Important differences have been detected among the tested oil brands in their potential to stabilize culture conditions and, more importantly, in their direct effect on embryo development and viability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Mineral oil is a critical component of the human culture system due to its protective and stabilizing roles during in vitro embryo development. Many different oils are available on the market, with differences in their viscosity, density and overall quality. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Thirteen different commercial oil brands were compared. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Each oil was firstly analyzed to assess its viscosity, density, peroxide value and potential oxidation. Secondly, the capacity of each oil to reduce pH, osmolality and temperature fluctuations during embryo culture and manipulation was compared. Lastly, a sensitive mouse embryo assay (MEA) protocol, previously optimized to detect toxicity in oils samples, was used to compare the overall quality of the different brands in terms of embryo developmental rates up to the blastocyst stage. At the end of the MEAs, a triple labeling protocol was applied to analyze Oct4+ cells, apoptotic cells and total cell counts in the blastocysts obtained by fluorescence microscopy. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Significant divergences were detected in the rise of osmolality and the equilibration and stability of pH between different oils, which could be correlated to their physico-chemical characteristics. In particular, oil samples with a higher viscosity tended to offer an additional protection against fluctuations in the culture conditions, however, the differences in temperature stability between oils were minor. Two out of the 13 oil samples, which were commercially available, were identified as embryo-toxic by applying the MEA protocol with increased sensitivity for toxicity detection. Additionally, substantial differences in the total number of cells and the number of cells in the inner cell mass of the obtained blastocysts were also detected between oil groups. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A single lot of oil was used for each brand and, thus, lot-to-lot variations in oil quality could not be determined. However, several bottles from the same oil were included to account for potential intra-lot variability. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Commercial oils differ in both their physical characteristics and their performance in maintaining the stability of the culture conditions during in vitro embryo culture. Oil selection is important for embryo culture success. Additionally, the detection of embryo-toxic oils which had already been released to the human IVF market showcases the importance of applying sensitive MEA protocols for a better detection of toxicity in this type of samples. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was privately funded. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

Extensive oil palm plantations have often resulted in the decrease of soil organic carbon (SOC). Several options exist to counter this, such as recycling empty fruit bunches (EFB) as a soil amendment. However, the extent to which EFB increase SOC has been disputed. Since EFB could also be used as a climate change mitigation tool, it is necessary to truly understand their impact on SOC. The investigation of the impact of nine EFB treatments (differing in frequency and application rates) on a 27-year-old large-scale experiment (Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia) revealed that, while EFB impacts are heterogeneous throughout the plantation, they can positively affect total SOC and permanganate oxidisable carbon (POX-C) both at shallow and deep depths (measured up to 100 cm). POX-C was closely correlated to SOC, but showed significant increases compared to the untreated control in all treatments, while total SOC was only increased in a few treatments with small and frequent rates of EFB application. Overall, between 12 (±16) and 56 (±12) t ha−1 of carbon were sequestered under the harvesting path after 21 years. Focussing on the mineral nutrition value of the EFB, oil palm companies apply a rate of 60 t of EFB every second year for their commercial production, and the analysis of three commercial plots showed that the commercial rate only increased POX-C while it had no effect on the total SOC and SOC stocks. It seems obvious that a change of paradigm is necessary to consider EFB recycling as a new management perspective, where the potential for carbon sequestration becomes an important variable for climate change mitigation besides the initial objective of integrating EFB application into the fertiliser management plan of a plantation.

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine if exposures to chemicals at the workplace were associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, using improved exposure estimates. Methods The design is a case–control study, nested within a cohort of women from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. The study comprised 2400 women, 731 cases and 1669 matched controls, born 1923–1950 and living in Malmö, Sweden between 1991 and 1996. An occupational hygienist reclassified the probability for exposure given by a job-exposure matrix, using individual data on work tasks. First-time diagnoses of invasive breast cancer were identified through the Swedish Cancer Registry. Results Women exposed to chemicals in their occupational environment had a statistically significantly increased risk (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.11–2.29) of breast cancer, and the risk correlated positively with duration of exposure but not with exposure intensity. Women exposed to chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents for more than 10 years had a significant higher risk of breast cancer (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.18–7.96) as well as women exposed to oil mist for more than 10 years (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.12–8.49). Conclusions This study gives some support to the hypothesis that exposure to organic solvents as well as oil mist is associated with increased risk of breast cancer.

The floor polish removal (FPR) and reapplication (FPA) are important cleaning tasks in public buildings that have hard floor surfaces. Usually, the FPR and FPA are conducted once or twice a year, during the periodic cleaning of these buildings. The FPR can be performed either chemically (CFPR) or by using dry scrubber (DFPR), when the polish is ground from the floor. In this study, cleaning workers' exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) during the FPR and FPA, and the differences in the exposures between the two FPR methods were investigated. In total, three buildings located in Central Finland were included, and total of six cleaning workers (two per building) participated in the study. In Buildings 1 and 2, the CFPR and FPA were performed and in Building 3, the DFPR was conducted. TVOC (total volatile organic compounds) concentrations in the breathing zone of the workers during the CFPR were 8,740 and 390 µg/m

Tribological studies of the 2D nanoadditives such as MoS2 and graphene are mostly performed in base oils such as SN500, SN150, or paraffin. We have focused on their effect in lubrication properties of industrial oils (e.g., axle, transmission, and compressor oils) along with SN500 oil employing a four-ball tester. Two types of graphene powders (GpowA with fewer defects than GpowC), MoS2 powder, and their physical mixtures are chosen as nanoadditives. The tribology performance for 0.05 wt% of additives in various industrial oils is evaluated by monitoring the coefficient of friction (COF) during rubbing and wear scar diameter (WSD) of the steel balls after rubbing. Elemental analysis and electron microscopy have been performed on the wear surfaces for evidence of any tribofilm formation. GpowA favors antifriction for axle and transmission oils with 40% reduction in axle oil, whereas it improved antiwear properties in most of the oils. GpowC shows a COF decrement by 12% only for compressor oil, but contribute to wear reduction in all oils. The observed COF reduction is attributed to the compatibility of nonfunctionalized GpowA with nonpolar axle oil and functionalized GpowC with polar compressor oil. MoS2 shows a decrease in the COF and WSD in most industrial oils; the best being 60% COF and 7% WSD reduction in axle oil. For additives in oils that favor antiwear, flakes or particles are observed on the wear surface supported by the higher elemental contribution of the constituents from the wear region. The mixtures of GpowA or C with MoS2, however, does not seem to favor improvement in the COF or WSD in industrial oils. With assistance from oleylamine surfactants, the lubrication properties of most additives are improved, particularly for the mixtures with 12-15% COF reduction and 4-7% WSD reduction in compressor oil. The study indicates that a large sheet size of high-quality graphene aids antifriction and addition of surfactant molecules facilitates a co-operative effect between MoS2 and graphene for improved tribology.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of metal ion on the tribological characteristics of metal oleates similar to copper (II) oleate which is the basis of well-known additives such as Valena, Servovit etc. The objects of study are copper (II), zinc (II) and tin (II) oleates. Salts of these metals are selected to clarify the role of such parameters of metal ion, as the active metal and the radius of the ion. Lubricant compositions were prepared with each additive sample. The mass concentration of the additive was 1% in synthetic motor oil of viscosity class SAE 5W-40 (API SN/CF) and in industrial oil I40A. The influence of metal oleates on the friction coefficient of the friction pair of steel 45-steel 10 was investigated. The friction coefficient was measured on the machine friction II5018 according to the scheme "roller-pad" at different temperatures. The investigated additives have the most significant effect on the coefficient of friction when introduced into the oil without additives and less significantly when introduced into the engine oil. The results show that copper oleate reduces the coefficient of friction in contact by 7% -15% when added to the engine oil. Zinc oleate leads to a similar effect and reduces the coefficient of friction by 5.5% -8.5%. Oleate of tin leads to a decrease in the friction coefficient of 23.5%-31%.

Although metagenomics researches have illuminated microbial diversity in numerous biospheres, understanding individual microbial functions is yet difficult due to the complexity of ecosystems. To address this issue, we applied a metagenome-independent, de novo assembly–based metatranscriptomics to a complex microbiome, activated sludge, which has been used for wastewater treatment for over a century. Even though two bioreactors were operated under the same conditions, their performances differed from each other with unknown causes. Metatranscriptome profiles in high- and low-performance reactors demonstrated that denitrifiers contributed to the anaerobic degradation of heavy oil; however, no marked difference in the gene expression was found. Instead, gene expression-based nitrification activities that fueled the denitrifiers by providing the respiratory substrate were notably high in the high-performance reactor only. Nitrifiers—small minorities with relative abundances of, Yuya Sato et al. present de novo RNA sequencing of microbial communities from two activated sludge bioreactors that differ in their heavy-oil degradation performance. They find that the higher performing bioreactor showed higher expression of nitrification genes, even though nitrifiers represent a small minority of the community.

As an important industrial feedstock, wax esters (WEs) have been used as lubricants in a number of technical processes. There is however currently no large-scale biological source for WE production and alteration in metabolic pathways of plant oils for producing WEs could be attractive to the commercial markets. Here, we present the breeding results of long-term studies on successful development of new crambe lines producing WEs through genetic engineering and cross breeding. The transgenic crambe lines producing WEs at over 25% of the total seed oil were first generated by introduction of the jojoba WE biosynthetic genes ScFAR and ScWS. Further improvement of the lines aiming at improving oxidative stability of WEs was achieved through introducing the CaFAD2-RNAi gene into these lines by crossing. The hybrid lines possessed similar agronomic traits to the wild type and a stable level of WEs over several generations, suggesting a high potential of crambe as an industrial crop for WE production.

In the United States, there are more than 120,000 nail salons in which workers could be potentially exposed to a number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used in various procedures. Measuring workers exposure in the field is time-consuming and could be very expensive. The purpose of this study was to estimate the VOC levels in the proximity of workers in nail salons through simulating the application process of some popular nail polishes in a laboratory chamber. The worst-case scenario was defined as a worker’s exposure during nail polish application to one set of fingernails every 15 minutes for an 8-hour shift (total nail sets = 32). Nail polish was applied on paper plates in a flow-controlled test chamber. Air was sampled during the application of five different nail polishes for 8 hours using passive air samplers and the experiment was triplicated. Passive samplers were used for VOCs and formaldehyde. In this worst-case scenario setting, a total of 17 VOCs were detected, with eight that were found in all the samples. The mean concentration of butyl acetate (161-330 ppm, parts per million) and ethyl acetate (440 ppm) exceeded the threshold limit value (TLV) of 150 ppm and 400 ppm, respectively. Formaldehyde was analyzed separately and the mean concentrations exceeded the TLV of 0.10 ppm in all types of nail polish, ranging from 0.12 ppm to 0.22 ppm. Occupational safety and health professionals could use these data to increase awareness of workers’ potential exposure to high levels of VOCs in nail salons and recommend practical measures to reduce potential exposures.

The embedding of ethanol amines and cholestetic liquid crystal nanomaterials is experimentally found to improve the screening effect of general-purpose calcium plastic lubricants. A particular enhancement of this effect is pronounced in plastic lubricants where conventional industrial oils as the dispersion medium are replaced by petroleum refining products, such as petroleum vacuum distillates, which have been exposed to no special purification. This is due to the fact that petroleum vacuum distillates are based on the active naphthenic acids that form the boundary lubricant layers with high screening properties upon interaction with ethanol amines and cholesteric liquid crystal nanomaterials, which ensure the lower friction and wear of conjugated surfaces.

In Russia, flax has been cultivated since ancient times; fiber linen fabrics and other products were produce to meet needs of the population and for exchange. Oil flax was a less common crop, but its cultivation is of great interest.In recent years, worldwide interest in the use of flaxseed oil has increased due to its healing properties and high content of linolenic acid. Flaxseed oil removes cholesterol, improves the metabolism of proteins and fats, normalizes blood pressure, and reduces the likelihood of blood clots and tumors. Flaxseed oil reduces the risk of cardiovascular and oncological diseases and allergies. Whole flaxseed is used in various countries as an additive to bread and cereal mixtures. Proteins extracted from flaxseed have a gelatinizing effect and can be used in cooking.Oil flax is a valuable food and industrial crop (seeds, oil, short-fiber, cake and meal). Its seeds contain up to 50% of the most valuable vegetable oil which is the richest source of omega-3 and omega-6. Linseed oil ranks first among industrial oils by the volume of production. It is used in the manufacture of environmentally friendly varnishes, paints, drying oils, which serve as a standard for reliability and durability. Linseed oil is widely used in printing, rubber, electrical and many other industries.

白电油的主要成分是"正己烷"等低碳烷烃类有机成分,中毒多见于长期吸入致神经系统损伤,因误服导致的急性肺损伤少见。本文对收治的1例误服白电油中毒患者临床资料进行分析，探讨白电油中毒致化学性肺炎患者的临床及胸部CT特点，旨在提高对该病的认识。.

The present work aimed to give an economical destiny to the produced water, a residue generated by the oil and gas industry by means of producing bioactives such as xanthan gum and ramnolipid. These compounds are often used in combination during enhanced oil recovery strategies. On the other hand, reports on co-culture of bacterial strains that are responsible for their production are rare. This research shows a factorial design method associated with surface response analysis to optimize carbon sources, sucrose and crude glycerin, and fermentation agents for culturing

Nanomaterials have emerged as potential environment friendly lubricant additives to upgrade the conventional lubricants such as automotive oils, industrial oils, grease, and metal working fluids. The applications of nanoparticle additives are based on the principles of solid lubrication and are mostly used as anti-wear, anti-friction and extreme pressure additives. Their various advantages include small enough size, thermal stability, variety of particle chemistries and a high reaction rate with the surface without induction period. These advantages translate into longer equipment operation, increased fuel efficiency and extended maintenance intervals. Thus, the current article designates on the benefits/advantages of nano materials as lubricant additives and their applications in various automotive/engine/industrial oils. Further, it covers on (a) the major types of industrial oils and their key properties/functions and (b) different nanomaterials that are currently being explored as lubricant additives, their thermal stability and technical challenges.

The present research aims to enhance the biosurfactant (BS) production using agricultural by-products as a low-cost substrate with the statistical approach. BS production from Bacillus subtilis SASCBT01 was carried out with four different variables such as pH, incubation time, cassava peel waste (CPW) and palmira sprout (PS). The model expected the highest emulsification activity of 65 ± 1·2% after 96-h incubation with 3·0 g l-1 of CPW and PS at pH 7·0. The SASCBT01 strain-based BS was successful at retrieving up to 18% and the highest Pb removal rates were found at 65%. These BS have considered high quality in bioremediation applications.

The production of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in Brazil developed quite recently, and information on commercial Brazilian EVOO’s typical features is very scarce. In just one of the previously published works on Brazilian olive oil, the assessed samples were commercially available. In this study, a comprehensive characterization of EVOO samples acquired at local stores (at Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul, from the two most prevalent cultivars, Arbequina and Koroneiki) was carried out considering the most relevant quality parameters, antioxidant capacity, oxidative stability, total phenolic content, fatty acid composition, and minor component metabolic profiling. The latter included: (1) the determination of individual phenolic compounds (belonging to four diverse chemical classes) and triterpenic acids by means of a powerful multi-class reversed-phase LC-MS method; (2) the quantitative profiling of tocopherols, phytosterols, and pigments by normal-phase LC-DAD/fluorescence; and (3) the quantitative appraisal of the volatile pattern of the oils by solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-gas chromatography (GC)-MS. By applying these methods, the concentrations of approximately 70 minor compounds were determined in commercial EVOOs from Brazil. To the best of our knowledge, the content of a very large number of phenolic compounds of those determined in the current report (mainly secoiridoids), the three triterpenic acids (maslinic, betulinic, and oleanolic acids), and the individual chlorophyll derivatives had not been previously evaluated in Brazilian EVOOs. The present work provides a broad picture of the compositional profile and other parameters of relevance of selected commercial Brazilian EVOOs available on local markets, describing their typicity and most particular features, some of which are known to have potential impacts on consumers’ health., CAPES, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), University of Granada, CAPES 001, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) 432484/2016-7 434637/2018-1, Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) E-26/010.001436/2019, Proyecto Feder (Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucia 2014-2020) B-AGR-416-UGR18

Vegetable extract oils are now widely used in health, cosmetics and food fields. The oxidation rates of these industrial oils are closely related to their chemical composition. In this study, fatty acid contents of St. John‘s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) oil and Nettle seed (Urtica dioica) oil were investigated by gas chromatography (GS-MS) and the effects on lipid peroxidation time were tried to be related. The peroxidation of oil emulsions was carried out at in a ventilated incubation environment 37°C and pH 7. Pseudo first order constants of primer oxidation products (hydroperoxides) were calculated by Fe (III) SCN method and they found for St. John‘s Wort oil and Nettle seed oil, (2.05±0.23)×10-1 and (6.64±0.54)×10-1 hour-1,respectively. This study was conducted by showed that the oxidation rates of St. John‘s Wort and Nettle seed oils are closely related to the chemical composition as well as the saturation ratings of fatty acids.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the separation of oil from water using a bench-scale DAF prototype with the addition of biosurfactants isolated from Pseudomonas cepacia CCT6659 and Bacillus cereus UCP1615. The best operating conditions for the DAF prototype were determined using a central composite rotatable design. The results demonstrated that the biosurfactants from P. cepacia and B. cereus increased the oil separation efficiency from 53.74% (using only microbubbles) to 94.11 and 80.01%, respectively. The prediction models for both DAF-biosurfactant systems were validated, showing an increase in the efficiency of the DAF process from 53.74% to 98.55 and 70.87% using the formulated biosurfactants from P. cepacia and B. cereus, respectively. The biosurfactant from P. cepacia was selected as the more promising product and used for the treatment of oily effluent from a thermoelectric plant, achieving removal rates ranging between 75.74 (isolated biosurfactant) and 95.70% (formulated biosurfactant), respectively.

One of the main challenges in elimination of oil contamination from polluted environments is improvement of biodegradation by highly efficient microorganisms. Bacillus subtilis MJ01 has been evaluated as a new resource for producing biosurfactant compounds. This bacterium, which produces surfactin, is able to enhance bio-accessibility to oil hydrocarbons in contaminated soils. The genome of B. subtilis MJ01 was sequenced and assembled by PacBio RS sequencing technology. One big contig with a length of 4,108,293 bp without any gap was assembled. Genome annotation and prediction of gene showed that MJ01 genome is very similar to B. subtilis spizizenii TU-B-10 (95% similarity). The comparison and analysis of orthologous genes carried out between B. subtilis MJ01, reference strain B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, and close relative spizizenii TU-B-10 by microscope platform and various bioinformatics tools. More than 88% of 4269 predicted coding sequences in MJ01 had at least one similar sequence in genome of reference strain and spizizenii TU-B-10. Despite this high similarity, some differences were detected among encoding sequences of non-ribosome protein and bacteriocins in MJ01 and spizizenii TU-B-10. MJ01 has unique nucleotide sequences and a novel predicted lasso-peptide bacteriocin; it also has not any similar nucleotide sequence in non-redundant nucleotide data base. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Fluorinated carbamates were synthesized in high yield by reactions of di(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl) carbonate with N,N-dimethylethylenediamine and N-methylpiperazine without a base. The compounds obtained show promise as additives to industrial oils, improving the tribological characteristics of a friction pair, as precursors of quaternary ammonium salts reducing the rate of uniform hydrochloric acid corrosion of low-carbon steel, and as effective catalysts of curing of epoxy resins.

Chemical dispersants are well-established as oil spill response tools. Several studies have emphasized their positive effects on oil biodegradation, but recent studies have claimed that dispersants may actually inhibit the oil biodegradation process. In this study, biodegradation of oil dispersions in natural seawater at low temperature (5 degrees C) was compared, using oil without dispersant, and oil premixed with different concentrations of Slickgone NS, a widely used oil spill dispersant in Europe. Saturates (nC10-nC36 alkanes), naphthalenes and 2- to 5-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were biotransformed at comparable rates in all dispersions, both with and without dispersant. Microbial communities differed primarily between samples with or without oil, and they were not significantly affected by increasing dispersant concentrations. Our data therefore showed that a common oil spill dispersant did not inhibit biodegradation of oil at dispersant concentrations relevant for response operations.

Ogale community in Rivers State, Nigeria is characterized by crude-oil contamination of its land resources. The present study aimed to evaluate the health risk and metal (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni) contamination level of the vegetable (Telfairia occidentalis), snail (Achatina achatina) and the catfish (Clarias gariepinus) collected from Ogale community. Samples collected from Elele Alimini community, a less polluted area was used as control. Oxidative damage was evaluated in tissues of snail and in the liver of catfish. The concentration of most of the tested metals in the food samples collected from the polluted sites were higher than those from the reference sites and in most cases exceeded the acceptable permissible limits. The accumulation of the metals by the food samples followed the order: T. occidentalis > A. achatina > C. gariepinus. The tissues of the snail from the polluted sites showed higher malondialdehyde (MDA) and lower glutathione (GSH) levels, and higher MDA and GSH levels in the fish liver compared to control values. The health risks associated with these metals in terms of dietary intake and target hazard quotients (THQs) showed higher non-carcinogenic effect and carcinogenic risks especially for Pb and Cd from the ingestion of Telfairia occidentalis and Achatina achatina from polluted sites. The health hazards due to metal pollution for the highly-exposed consumers of the food samples, especially in Ogale require attention. The oxidative stress response to accumulation status of metals provides a relevant tool for the assessment of metal pollution.

The known technical solutions for regeneration of used fuels and oils are generalized. A new extractant based on orthophosphoric acid is studied and a method for extractive cleaning (refining) of waste industrial oils and diesel fuel is proposed. A technological scheme and a laboratory experimental procedure of refining (clarifying) waste petroleum products as a hydrocarbon stock are proposed.

The promising methods of production and application of carbon nanoparticles in tribology are reviewed in this work. The design and operating principles of the unit for obtaining carbon nanoparticles by the electrical arc method elaborated by us are described. The results of laboratory tests on a four-ball friction machine concerning the effect of carbon nanoadditives on the wear-resistant and antiscoring properties of industrial oil I-32A are discussed.