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This paper provides universal structural design criteria for heavy industrial projects. Structural design requirements for pipe racks, steel modules, modularized equipment skids, vertical and horizontal vessel supports, and vibrating equipment foundations are discussed. An overview of loading mechanisms of various systems is provided for operational, testing, and lifting conditions. Design recommendations are provided for permanent and removable structures. Several structural idealization concepts are also proposed to ensure accurate load transfer. The theoretical basis and the merits of various methods used in the practice are also discussed. Industrial design examples are provided including multilevel pipe rack and pump foundations. The paper overviews and pieces together the engineering requirements for critical structures that are encountered in heavy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the integration of Factories of the Future (FoF) and digital twin technologies within urban contexts, marking a significant leap in Smart Cities development. We present a thorough exploration of the principles and a scientifically grounded framework designed for seamlessly blending advanced manufacturing systems with the urban environment's digital and physical aspects. Our detailed analysis has identified core principles crucial for this integration, focusing on interoperability, sustainability, adaptability, stakeholder collaboration, and strong data governance. We propose a structured framework that puts these principles into action, outlining strategic routes for incorporating digital twin and Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies into FoF, establishing public-private partnerships, enhancing education and workforce development, and setting up mechanisms for ongoing evaluation and enhancement. The potential of this integration to transform urban development is vast, providing a model for boosting operational efficiency, driving economic growth, and enhancing urban livability. Although challenges exist in realizing this vision, our research offers practical insights and strategies for cities and industries to effectively navigate the complexities of the digital era. This contribution enriches the growing field of urban science, advocating for a harmonious integration of industrial production with urban development in the Smart Cities framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic activities in Egypt's Ain Sokhna area have significantly impacted the local coastal environment. These activities, including urbanization, industrial development, infrastructure construction, and tourism, have collectively contributed to geomorphological changes along the coastline. Ain Sokhna has experienced notable urban growth and the establishment of residential and commercial complexes, especially along the coastline. the construction of residential properties, hotels, and resorts has led to the transformation of natural shorelines and land reclamation from the sea.Tourism and recreational developments, including marinas, golf courses, and resorts, have expanded in the Ain Sokhna area . These activities often entail land reclamation and the introduction of non-native vegetation, thereby altering the natural coastal ecosystem. Industrial zones and facilities, including ports, warehouses, and factories, have been established along the coast . Moreover, the construction of ports and port facilities has involved dredging and changes in sediment dynamics, affecting coastal erosion and accretion patterns. The construction of coastal protection structures, such as seawalls, breakwaters, and groynes, has been employed to mitigate coastal erosion and protect infrastructure. While effective in the short term, these structures may alter natural coastal dynamics, posing long-term consequences for shoreline stability.

Color is one of the important elements in design and the most exciting. The world of fashion and fashion cannot be imagined without colors, Few people are born with the gift of discernment and honest judgment on colors and their taste, but relying on this talent alone leads to repetition and boredom.The research problem is the following questions:1- What is the possibility of a color management system working in industrial establishments?2- What are the opinions of specialists in analyzing some pictures of landscapes to extract color groups and their degrees?3- What are the opinions of specialists in employing color groups in designs of embroidered and printed clothing and textiles?research aims:1- Creating a color management system in industrial establishments producing clothing.2- Determining the degree of acceptance of specialists to analyze some pictures of landscapes to extract color groups and their degrees.3- Determining the degree of acceptance of specialists in employing color groups in designs of embroidered and printed clothing and textiles.This research follows the descriptive analytical method in addition to the applied study.Results and discussion:1- The color management system in the industrial facilities producing clothes in the first axis obtained a quality factor of 94.00%, which indicates the existence of statistically significant differences between the opinions of the sample members in deducing the color groups resulting from the analysis of some pictures of landscapes. Thus, to prove the validity of the first hypothesis.2- The color management system in the industrial facilities producing clothes in the second axis obtained a quality factor of 96.67%, which indicates the existence of statistically significant differences between the opinions of the sample members in employing color groups in the designs of embroidered and printed clothing and textiles. Thus, to prove the validity of the second hypothesis.3- The color management system in the industrial establishments producing clothing obtained a quality factor of 94.90% in the questionnaire as a whole, which indicates the existence of statistically significant differences between the opinions of the sample members on the possibility of building a color management system in the industrial establishments producing clothing, thus proving the validity of the third hypothesis.

On February 6th, 2023, an earthquake sequence with moment magnitudes (Mw) of 7.8 and 7.5 rocked southern and eastern Turkiye, affecting 15 million-residents and a significant portion of Turkiye's industrial community. In the days following the earthquake sequence, a reconnaissance team was organized to visit the industrial districts in the five provinces of the earthquake region. While performance and functionality of 131 industrial facilities were inspected using the proposed data-collection protocols, 18 interviews with industrial representatives were conducted. The inspection and interview results show that the earthquake sequence had a significant impact on industrial facilities, resulting in enormous economic losses and business disruptions lasting three months to two years. While the sequence imposed severe demands on the facilities, their poor performance is mostly due to discrepancies between seismic design code requirements and building practice. The most affected facilities were found to be those built before 2000, as well as precast reinforced concrete structures with pin-supported roofs. As a result, these types of facilities in earthquake-prone areas are strongly advised to be re-evaluated. Furthermore, various nonstructural building components, such as claddings and equipment/machinery, were substantially damaged at the majority of the assessed sites, causing lengthy interruptions. To reduce future seismic losses and disruptions to industry, the proposed protocols and findings of this field study can be utilized to support further resilience studies on the development of business continuity plans and risk management approaches for industrial facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seismic performance and safety of major European industrial facilities have a global interest for the whole of Europe and its citizens. However, the seismic design of these facilities is based on national, sometimes outdated seismic hazard analyses. The results of the commonly developed, fully harmonized newly released European Seismic Hazard Model ESHM20 provide a pertinent reference for seismic hazard at European scale and have been officially adopted as an "acceptable representation of the seismic hazard in Europe" in the ongoing revision of Eurocode 8. This study presents a large-scale investigation of the impact of the potential adoption of ESHM20 on the design of new industrial facilities as well as on the potential seismic risk of existing facilities at European level with respect to the current seismic codes. The horizontal elastic response spectra using ESHM20 in combination with the revised Eurocode 8 for selected industrial sites are compared with the respective response spectra of the national regulations for return periods of 475, 2500 and 5000 years. In addition, a single containment LNG tank is analysed for an industrial site in Germany using the design approach for liquid filled tanks according to the revised Eurocode 8. Furthermore, a deterministic and probabilistic seismic risk assessment of a vessel installed in a five-storey frame is performed for industrial sites in Greece and Germany. The examples show that a consistent procedure all over Europe would be desirable and a benefit for engineers in terms of comparability and achievement of the same safety targets. Based on the conducted illustrative studies, the consequences of a potential adoption of the revised Eurocode 8 and ESHM20 hazard maps are discussed and summarized with respect to the standard harmonisation process in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Eurocode 8—Part 4 approaches, per their December 2022 update, are presented for the design of acceleration-sensitive industrial ancillary components. The seismic performance of such nested and/or supported ancillary elements, namely mechanical and electrical equipment, machinery, vessels, etc. is critical for the safety and operability of an industrial facility in the aftermath of an earthquake. Of primary importance are the structural characteristics of the supporting structure and the supported component, pertaining to resonance, strength, and ductility, and whether these are known (and to what degree) during initial design and/or subsequent modifications and upgrades. Depending on the availability and reliability of information on the overall system, the Eurocode methods comprise (a) a detailed component/structure-specific design accounting for all pertinent component and building characteristics, equivalent to typical building design per Eurocode 8—Part 1–2, (b) a conservative approach where a blanket safety factor is applied when little or no such data is available, and (c) a ductile design founded on the novel concept of inserting a fuse of verified ductility and strength in the load path between the supporting structure and the ancillary element. All three methods are evaluated and compared on the basis of a case-study industrial structure, showing how an engineer can achieve economy without compromising safety under different levels of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequency and severity of natural or human-induced disaster events, such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, fires, pandemics, hazardous material spills, groundwater contamination, structural failures, explosions, etc., as well as their impacts, have greatly increased in recent decades due to population growth and extensive urbanization, among other factors. The World Bank estimates that the total cost of cities' and communities' vulnerability to these types of disasters could reach more than USD 300 billion per year by 2030. However, it has been argued that investment to improve the quality and resilience of engineered physical assets that are the backbone of modern societies, such as critical infrastructure, industrial facilities, and buildings, could significantly contribute to more sustainable and prosperous societies. Engineered assets are key to the delivery of essential services, such as transport, food, water, electricity supply, health and safety, etc. Some of these physical assets are integrated into asset systems and national or regional networks, with life cycles of several decades or even centuries. It is, therefore, of great importance that strategies and life cycle decisions, such as those related to short- and long-term capital investment planning, maintenance strategies, operational plans, and asset disposal, lead to the maximization of the value derived from these assets. Moreover, it is essential that the achievement of these goals is sustainable over time. Organizations dealing with engineering assets, both public and private, must, therefore, integrate sustainability and resilience concerns into everyday operations, using budgets that are often restricted, while also meeting demanding performance requirements in risky and uncertain environments. This Special Issue collates a selection of papers reporting the latest research and case studies regarding the trends and emerging strategies used to address these challenges, with contributions discussing how asset management principles and techniques can help to push the boundaries of sophistication and innovation to improve the life cycle management of engineered assets to ensure more sustainable and resilient cities and societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the assessment reliability of defects thermophysical and geometric parameters of industrial objects and products in the process of IR thermography testing, an analysis of causal factors and errors that affect the results of the thermography procedure was carried out. The classes and the influence of the main uncertainties on the parameters of thermography are defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the integration of Factories of the Future (FoF) and digital twin technologies within urban contexts, marking a significant leap in Smart Cities development. We present a thorough exploration of the principles and a scientifically grounded framework designed for seamlessly blending advanced manufacturing systems with the urban environment’s digital and physical aspects. Our detailed analysis has identified core principles crucial for this integration, focusing on interoperability, sustainability, adaptability, stakeholder collaboration, and strong data governance. We propose a structured framework that puts these principles into action, outlining strategic routes for incorporating digital twin and Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies into FoF, establishing public-private partnerships, enhancing education and workforce development, and setting up mechanisms for ongoing evaluation and enhancement. The potential of this integration to transform urban development is vast, providing a model for boosting operational efficiency, driving economic growth, and enhancing urban livability. Although challenges exist in realizing this vision, our research offers practical insights and strategies for cities and industries to effectively navigate the complexities of the digital era. This contribution enriches the growing field of urban science, advocating for a harmonious integration of industrial production with urban development in the Smart Cities framework.

Featured Application: Developed research may be applied to the digitization of the operation of industrial objects. The current industrial facility market necessitates the digitization of both production and infrastructure to ensure compatibility. This digitization is presently accomplished using Building Information Modeling and digital twin technologies, as well as their integrated usage, which enhances convergence and adds further value to facility assets. However, these technologies primarily focus on the physical components of industrial facilities, neglecting processes, requirements, and functions. To address these gaps, the inclusion of the Model-Based System Engineering approach, a proven benchmark in systems engineering, is essential. This inclusion is the main objective of this research. This article outlines methods and principles for integrating Model-Based System Engineering into the informational modeling of existing industrial facilities to address current market gaps. It offers practical steps for such integration and compares it to other methods, positioning Model-Based System Engineering as a pivotal tool for enhancing the value of industrial facility digital assets. The main findings include the proposal of BIM and MBSE integration, which aims to create a competitive advantage for industrial facilities by improving customer service and operational efficiency, requiring collaboration from various stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic risk assessment of industrial facilities is complex due to the presence of different types of equipment. It represents a research issue that requires further investigation. To this end, some analytical approaches have been developed in the framework of performance-based earthquake engineering. Nonetheless, their accuracy in the case of complex critical facilities, such as nuclear and non-nuclear industrial plants, is still under investigation. Thus, the proposed study intends to research in depth, in a risk assessment framework, some critical aspects related to: (1) modelling of industrial facilities and their secondary equipment with different degrees of accuracy, also taking into account their dynamic interaction; (2) selection of seismic records for fragility analysis, due to the narrow distribution of frequency values for non-structural components; (3) effectiveness of performance-based earthquake engineering applied to this particular class of coupled structure-equipment for risk assessment. In this context, the proper selection of seismic records becomes relevant, and SCoRes, an innovative algorithm for accelerograms selection is worthy of investigation. On these premises, two different configurations of a primary industrial structure, i.e. a moment resisting frame and a braced frame, equipped with non-structural components and subjected to shake table test campaigns are selected as case studies. For the two configurations, a vulnerability assessment of two vertical tanks installed on the first floor was carried out. Along these lines, to establish the effectiveness of the proposed method for both the moment resisting frame and braced frame configurations, the mean annual frequency of exceedance of the bottom-wall strain of the above-mentioned tanks, both at the design basis and safe shutdown earthquake has been evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a study on the evaluation of seismic fragility of cylindrical ground-supported steel silos intended for storing solid material. Silos are a key facility in industrial processes. For example, cylindrical steel silos constitute the main structural component for several industrial activities, such as the ones aimed at the production of food and beverage, and seismic actions can cause high economic losses and long functionality interruptions. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to propose a numerical procedure aimed to assess the seismic fragility of different cylindrical steel silos, accounting for varying geometries and service conditions (i.e., filling level of granular-like material), and observing different failure modes. In detail, a set of smooth steel silos was selected, considering different geometrical configurations (i.e., varying from squattest to slenderest structures). Different service conditions were simulated, with the aim to observe the behaviour of empty and filled silos (30%, 60%, and 90% of filling degree with respect to the maximum capacity). For each configuration, a detailed numerical model was developed under proper boundary conditions, adequately simulating the shell structure, the solid material inside, and the interactions between them. After validating the numerical models against existing literature data, three different failure modes were identified and assessed, accounting for the most recurrent post-elastic buckling type (i.e., elephant foot) and considering the possible occurrence of the elastic ones (i.e., diamond or similar shape failures at the middle and top of the structures). Both static and dynamic analyses were performed to identify the most probable failure modes and evaluate the probability of exceeding each one. As the output of the proposed approach, the seismic performance of each silo under a specific limit state was provided in the form of fragility curves. The results highlight some novel aspects, starting from the role that service conditions assume in the silos seismic performance up to the possible differences in terms of failure modes for different silos geometrical structural configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of the U.S. petrochemical infrastructure is heavily concentrated along the western coast of the Gulf of Mexico within the impact zone of major tropical cyclone events. Flood impacts of recent tropical disturbances have been exacerbated by an overall lack of recognition of the vulnerabilities to process systems from water intrusion, as well as insufficient disaster mitigation planning. Vulnerability assessment methods currently call for the aggregation of qualitative data to survey the susceptibility of industrial systems to floodwater damage. A means to quantify these consequences is less often employed, resulting in a poor translation of the threat of flood hazards to a crucial element of the economy. This paper reviews flood damage assessment for industrial facilities and presents a component-level conceptual methodology to assess the consequences of flood events. To more effectively communicate loss potential from flood events, the proposed methodology utilizes synthetic estimation to calculate repair requirements, shutdown time, and direct cost.

Few seismic design codes for industrial structures exist worldwide. Among them, the Chilean design code was put to the test by the Maule earthquake of 2010, one of the largest seismic events in recent years. Although the seismic performance of industrial steel structures designed under these provisions was satisfactory, the standard was revised based on the accumulated evidence on the performance after the event and the advances in seismic design since the code was released in 2003. The revision process led to a number of modifications to the provisions, including those for structures based on concentrically braced frames (CBFs), a structural typology widely used in the industry. The modifications, mainly aimed at improving seismic performance in severe events, ranged from the seismic demand to the provisions for sizing structural elements and connections. This work evaluates the effect of these modifications on the design and seismic performance of CBFs. For this purpose, six industrial steel structures were designed using the current standard and the proposed version. The performance was evaluated through static non-linear analyses in 3D models according to the methodology prescribed by the FEMA P695 standard. The models included the non-linearity of braces, columns, beams or struts, and anchor bolts. The results showed similar performance between the structures designed using the proposed and the current version of the standard, in terms of overstrength and response modification factors. However, the performance improved when comparing the maximum drift that the structures can reach and the energy levels they are able to accumulate at these drifts. In terms of the cost–performance ratio, the improvement in performance is associated with moderate increases in cost.

The consequences of accidents, fires and explosions in the oil and gas industry in the world have been analyzed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the lack of timely maintenance, inadequate knowledge of employees or their intentional misconduct, in-depth study to prevent such cases and the proper organization of fire protection of production facilities. we introduce early warning systems (EWS) in the context of disaster risk reduction, including the main components of an EWS, the roles of the main actors and the need for robust evaluation. Management of disaster risks requires that the nature and distribution of risk are understood, including the hazards, and the exposure, vulnerability and capacity of communities at risk.

The current industrial facility market necessitates the digitization of both production and infrastructure to ensure compatibility. This digitization is presently accomplished using Building Information Modeling and digital twin technologies, as well as their integrated usage, which enhances convergence and adds further value to facility assets. However, these technologies primarily focus on the physical components of industrial facilities, neglecting processes, requirements, and functions. To address these gaps, the inclusion of the Model-Based System Engineering approach, a proven benchmark in systems engineering, is essential. This inclusion is the main objective of this research. This article outlines methods and principles for integrating Model-Based System Engineering into the informational modeling of existing industrial facilities to address current market gaps. It offers practical steps for such integration and compares it to other methods, positioning Model-Based System Engineering as a pivotal tool for enhancing the value of industrial facility digital assets. The main findings include the proposal of BIM and MBSE integration, which aims to create a competitive advantage for industrial facilities by improving customer service and operational efficiency, requiring collaboration from various stakeholders.

Targeted digitalization for industrial cyberphysical systems is yet to be consistently deployed across the entire value chain. This is mainly due to the lack of implementable algorithms that integrate the information and operation technology layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the effects of October 30, 2020 Samos-Aegean Sea earthquake on hydraulic structures, lifelines and industrial facilities which mainly located in the western cost of Turkey, within the borders of Izmir and Aydin Cities. These two highly populated cities are known for their importance in contributing country's economics by their industrialized areas. In addition, Izmir is the third largest city of Turkey with its high seismic hazard zone. Although some disruptions in the aftermath of the earthquake were occurred in gas and electricity services, these issues immediately identified, and all systems were managed to reoperate. Damages to the infrastructures were mainly due to the collapse of buildings and tsunami effects. No significant damages were reported on lifeline systems, large industrial facilities, and dams due to relatively low shaking intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief provides data for policy changes on the intersection of polluting industrial facilities, marginalized communities, and the dearth of air-quality monitors in those communities of South Chicago. The allocation of air-quality monitors is determined by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA). Our data demonstrate that the air quality and subsequent health of Chicago's marginalized communities are chronically threatened by the expansion of polluting industries coupled with inadequate air-quality monitoring. The methods of data analysis presented here can be similarly applied to analyze air-quality disparities in communities beyond Chicago, including those that have been victims of environmental injustice stemming from redlining. Such data can be used to support Environmental Justice (EJ) advocacy and goals by informing remedial actions and policies of regulatory bodies, such as the IEPA, to reduce disproportionate air-quality burdens through increased monitoring. The generated maps may be used to direct plans for assessing and mitigating the effects of air pollution on human health.

The seismic risk assessment of industrial facilities mainly relies on historical data and the analysis and design of uncoupled secondary components. Accordingly, the dynamic interaction between primary structures and process equipment is overlooked. The SPIF project – Seismic Performance of Multi‐Component Systems in Special Risk Industrial Facilities – was carried out to respond to this gap, within the European H2020 SERA framework. Its objective regarded the investigation of the seismic behaviour of an archetype industrial multi‐storey steel moment resisting frame (MRF) structure equipped with non‐structural components (NSCs) by means of shaking table tests. The goal of the proposed study was to extend the interaction analysis between a primary multi‐storey braced frame (BF) steel structure and NSCs in a performance‐based earthquake engineering (PBEE) perspective. Along this vein, to excite the vibration periods of the NSCs and thus enhance possible coupling with the primary structure, a synthetic site‐based ground motion model (GMM) was employed. More precisely, the proposed research intended: (i) to severely excite the process equipment and supplement the scarcity of real records with a specific frequency content by means of a stochastic GMM; (ii) to quantify seismic‐induced force and displacement demands of secondary components and their effects on the primary BF structure. The evaluation of the experimental data clearly shows buckling in the bracing system of the BF configuration and a strong interaction between vertical tanks and floor crossbeams of the BF. At the very least, the favourable performance of the archetype BF under strong seismic records is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The most significant technical solutions should be optimized using a technical and economic analysis, which reduces the cost of their implementation. Due to the fact that the diameter and height of the chimney depends on the gas velocity in the chimney, this parameter is decisive when carrying out a feasibility study. However, the existing methods and regulations in the Russian Federation concerning the construction and design of chimneys do not take into account all the necessary characteristics and parameters, for example, the economic component of determining the optimal gas velocity. PURPOSE of this article is to review foreign sources, in which consider similar issues and problems to take into account foreign experience in the development of a new methodology. METHODOLOGY. For the review, regulatory documents and scientific papers published in the most technically advanced countries were selected. RESULTS. In the course of analyzing the methodology for modeling the dispersion of impurities and calculating the height of the stack, it was concluded that, despite the large number of calculation models, the most accurate models are dispersion in air, based on meteorological data specific to a particular region. However, none of the considered methods for choosing the main dimensions of the stack is based on determining the optimal gas outlet rate based on the technical and economic analysis. The choice of the gas outlet rate is of a recommendatory nature and is mainly associated with the conditions for the formation of the initial section of the smoke plume and is not associated with the cost of the stack. The technique being developed in Russia makes it possible to take into account a wider range of chimney operating conditions, incl. and for the transitional phase to Green Energy, when the composition of combustion products will change depending on the proportion of hydrogen in the boiler fuel.

Searching for better efficient energy consumption, actions aimed at induction motors replacement have been consolidated as one of the main investments toward improve energy efficiency. For countries of wide range in electricity tariffs caused by geographic issues, industrial companies operating in different regions have difficulty to define how to direct the investment for energy efficiency actions between your industrial facilities. Thus, this paper aims to present how to direct the financial resources to perform the electric motors replacement to only one industrial facility from techno economic analysis through simulation of different scenarios for each case. Three regions of Brazil named Southeast, Midwest and Northeast were chosen for this analysis due to the highlight in their electricity tariffs characteristics. Regional aspects were taken into account, e.g., electricity escalation rate and electricity tariff as well as technical issues related to how limit the load of the new motors with reduced rated power after replacement. The results are promising because the cost-effectiveness of motors replacement in a medium-size industrial company always profitable regardless economic variations. The higher net savings defines what facilities in different regions of Brazil will have its motors replaced. So, the cost-effectiveness of motors replacement increases while electricity escalation rate, tariff and motor partial load increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, huge quantities of oily wastewater and oily solid wastes are associated with different industrial activities, which not only may harm the environment and human health but also a performance worsening of the installation. The goal of this study was to establish a resilient approach to cope with oily waste generation in industrial facilities. Several lessons learned from Cuban installations studied separately for ten years in the municipality of Cienfuegos were the cornerstone for the model definition. The approach included the development of a novel methodology to address integrated features of loss prevention in the operation of petroleum transport, storage, process, handling, and use. This methodology was designed and improved using the principle of convergence to integrate engineering procedures, standards, technical and management tools. The results from the methodology implementation generated a list of findings translated into industrial failures modes, that can impact both environment and human health. Then, a set of general and specific causes associated including the incidence of the natural events were deployed in different orders. The environmental monitoring around the plants offered a significant sample of points that allowed the spatial representation of how hydrocarbon pollution constitutes a complex network of permanent stress rooted in the territory of Cienfuegos. Moreover, a package of inherently safer solutions was generated as primary prevention, integrating the waste management hierarchy concept. At last, this iterative approach generated a research project to develop a bioremediation technique for the treatment of oily sludge from maintenance operations, which can be neither eliminated for the inherently safer solutions nor disposed to the environment. The lessons learned from Cuban installations enabled the conception of this resilient approach, which represents a framework to improve industrial safety performances contributing to the release reduction of oily waste. In addition, it represents a contribution to increasing the awareness of industrial vulnerabilities in the territorial resilience analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Special requirements for the replacement of crane runway beams in heavy‐duty industrial crane operation Many existing industrial plants with heavy‐duty crane systems in Germany have now been in operation for more than 50 years and, in many cases, the calculated service life of the crane runway beams has been exceeded. In addition to the long service deployment of the crane systems, plants have often been extended and crane systems redesigned during this time. The crane runway beams and their load‐transferring substructures, such as brackets and crane runway supports, often have to absorb higher crane loads (from changed production processes) than the loads for which they were originally designed and configured. Accordingly, the renewal of old existing buildings, and in particular the associated crane runways, are subject to different basic parameters than those that applied when they were first built. This paper deals with the particularities and special requirements resulting from the more difficult boundary conditions of existing buildings as well as the special design and dimensioning aspects that have to be considered when replacing crane runway beams for heavy‐duty industrial crane operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unintended releases from industrial facilities can expose fenceline communities to hazardous substances, and distance between facilities and nearby residential development can play a role in preventing exposures. Here, we assess trends in fenceline community sociodemographic characteristics, land development, and the association between the two using sociodemographic data for census tracts ( n = 34 068) surrounding 2457 petroleum refining and chemical manufacturing facilities between 2001 and 2019. We find a higher median growth in percentage of Latinx populations among fenceline communities compared to neighboring communities with no industrial facilities. The increase in the median percentage of Latinx populations within fenceline communities was six times higher than for White populations overall (+6 and +1 percentage points, respectively). Though the percentage of the Black populations did not change within fenceline communities over this period, we find a minor sustained higher percentage of Black residents within fenceline communities relative to neighboring communities (20% versus 19%, respectively). Employing a spatial autoregressive model with autoregressive disturbances, we find that an increase in community percentage Latinx population is associated with a decrease in the rate of land development. Comparing fenceline and neighboring communities, we conclude that Black and Latinx populations are disproportionately located near industrial facilities, potentially contributing to inequitable exposure to unintended chemical releases. Our work lends support to the value of considering of sociodemographic composition of fenceline communities when evaluating industrial facility hazards.

The use of renewable electricity is vital for the decarbonization of industry. Industrial firms source renewables through off-site power purchase agreements or on-site installations, though the latter currently supplies

The challenge that this paper addresses is how to efficiently minimize the cost and manual labor for automatically generating object oriented geometric digital twins (gDTs) of industrial facilities, so that the benefits provide even more value compared to the initial investment to generate these models. Our previous work achieved the current state-of-the-art class segmentation performance (75% average accuracy per point and average area under the ROC curve, AUC, 90% in the CLOI dataset classes) and directly produces labelled point clusters of the most important to model objects (CLOI classes) from laser scanned industrial data. CLOI stands for C-shapes, L-shapes, O-shapes, I-shapes and their combinations. However, the problem of automated segmentation of individual instances that can then be used to fit geometric shapes remains unsolved. We argue that the use of instance segmentation algorithms has the theoretical potential to provide the output needed for the generation of gDTs. We solve instance segmentation in this paper through (1) using a CLOI-Instance graph connectivity algorithm that segments the point clusters of an object class into instances, and (2) boundary segmentation of points that improves Step 1. Our method was tested on the CLOI benchmark dataset and segmented instances with 76.25% average precision and 70% average recall per point among all classes. This proved that it is the first to automatically segment industrial point cloud shapes with no prior knowledge other than the class point label and is the bedrock for efficient gDT generation in cluttered industrial point clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-story concrete moment frame buildings present critical joints because free horizontal faces reduce their confinement in the core, affecting the anchorage of the top beam reinforcement and producing joint distress. In addition, precast concrete processes that involve prestressed beams with different shapes, precast concrete columns, construction of joints on the jobsite, and special construction details such as a reinforced topping on top of the beam joints could affect the seismic performance of one-story precast moment frames for industrial buildings. Due to the lack of experimental testing, six full-scale critical connections were cyclically tested to allow understanding of their seismic performance. Test specimens include one precast reinforced column, three knee joints, and two interior joint sub-assemblages that were designed based on ACI 318. All connections sustained at least a 3.5% drift ratio with no beam longitudinal reinforcement bar rupture or buckling and very low or no observed damage of the column and minimal joint distress, which is consistent with the strong-column/weakbeam design philosophy. The performance acceptance criteria of ACI 374.1 was satisfied by all test specimens in terms of stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation. Nonetheless, the presence of the reinforced topping slab on the top of the joint plays a role in achieving slightly better strength, ductility, and hysteretic performance response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work calculates the reliability of protective systems of industrial facilities, such as nuclear, to analyze the case of equipment subject to aging, important in the extension of the qualified life of the facilities. By means of the method of supplementary variables, a system of partial and ordinary integral-differential equations was developed for the probabilities of a protective system of an aging channel. The system of equations was solved by finite differences. The method was validated by comparison with channel results with exponential failure times. The method of supplementary variables exhibits reasonable results for values of reliability attributes typical of industrial facilities.

Introducing flexible consumers to electricity markets is beneficial to the power system and offers them potential economic savings. Industrial consumers are pioneer candidates due to their high energy demand and interest in reducing energy costs. This paper addresses the battery storage and photovoltaics investment problem, which includes five revenue streams for industrial consumers, such as participation in the day-ahead and intraday energy markets as well as the primary control reserve market peak shaving and optimized self-consumption. The uncertainty is considered using correlated scenarios of the local load, primary reserve market and day-ahead market prices, as well as generation from photovoltaics. The uncertainty of the pay-as-bid intraday market with continuous trading is modeled using robust optimization. Credibility and applicability of the model is achieved by using market settings and prices from three European countries (Germany, Denmark and Croatia) and comparing their suitability for encompassing the end-user flexibility. Results shed light on national energy-political and climatic differences, highlighting opportunities for active market participation through individual or aggregated industrial plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a major consumer of energy, the industrial sector must assume the responsibility for improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. However, most existing studies on industrial energy management are suffering from modeling complex industrial processes. To address this issue, a model-free demand response (DR) scheme for industrial facilities was developed. In practical terms, we first formulated the Markov decision process (MDP) for industrial DR, which presents the composition of the state, action, and reward function in detail. Then, we designed an actor-critic-based deep reinforcement learning algorithm to determine the optimal energy management policy, where both the actor (Policy) and the critic (Value function) are implemented by the deep neural network. We then confirmed the validity of our scheme by applying it to a real-world industry. Our algorithm identified an optimal energy consumption schedule, reducing energy costs without compromising production.

The present article is focused on the development of the economic zonation in the PRC. The authors highlight the reasons and prerequisites, which used to result in the changes of the zonation models and also offer the detailed analysis of the major problems, which had to be resolved by the means of the regional policy during that or another period under consideration. The article also presents the study of the dialectics within the zonation system: from the tight frameworks of “the PLAC military district the economic region” in the first period of the PRC history towards the gradual discarding of “the secluded regional economic systems” model and the transition to the regional economic belts and districts being open for the outer world.

The design of the industrial facilities distribution is one of the most important decisions to be made, as it will condition the operation thereof. The concept of industrial installation as it is known today has evolved to the point that it integrates automation and information systems. Indeed, such evolution has given rise to the so-called intelligent factory. At present, in order to produce customized mass products according to customers' requirements, it is become an important issue the distribution of facilities with the generation of successful layout designs, based on the flexibility, modularity and easy configuration of production systems. This paper proposes a methodology to solve the problem of plant distribution design and redesign based upon a novel modular approach within an industry 4.0 context. Proposed methodology is an adaptation of the "SLP" Methodology (Systematic Layout Planning-Simulation) so-called SLP Modulary 4.0 (systematic planning of the Layout based on a modular vision under a context of Industry 4.0); this methodology incorporates in its structure an integrated design system (IDS) into its structure, which allows collaborative work with different CAD design and simulation tools. For the validation of the proposed methodology, a case study of a coffee processing plant is considered. The distribution design results obtained from the case study prove the benefit and usefulness of the proposed methodology.