Search

AbstractPain is highly prevalent among emerging adults (18–25 years old), and rates of cannabis use are increasing among this population. Research indicates pain is a unique risk factor and motivator for substance use. However, evidence for pain-cannabis use relations among emerging adults is largely cross-sectional, and the only prospective evidence focuses on the frequency, quantity, and consequences of cannabis use, not initiation. Accordingly, this is the first study to examine pain as a prospective predictor of cannabis initiation among emerging adults. Data were drawn from five annual waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Emerging adults who denied cannabis use at baseline (n = 4,185) were included in the analysis. At baseline, a tenth of emerging adults reported moderate/severe pain (≥4/10). Adjusted Cox regression analysis revealed that emerging adults with moderate/severe baseline pain were more likely to initiate cannabis use, and did so earlier over the subsequent 4 years, than those with no/low baseline pain. These findings provide initial evidence for pain as a risk factor for cannabis initiation during emerging adulthood. Future research is needed to identify mechanisms by which pain motivates cannabis initiation and to examine the utility of pain-targeted content in cannabis use prevention and intervention efforts among emerging adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Conditions that could benefit from rehabilitation contribute to 310 million years of life lived with disability. Internationally rehabilitation could be part of the solution to the growing global disease burden. This register based study wanted to explore differences in patterns of rehabilitation among patients discharged from the hospital with a rehabilitation plan, explore rehabilitation initiation, and assess the activation of rehabilitation plans within legal requirements. Setting: The study was conducted at Odense University Hospital in the Region of Southern Denmark Participants: The study investigated acute contacts by utilising rehabilitation referrals, demographic and municipal data from Odense Municipality residents from 2015 to 2020. Main measures: Descriptive statistics, logistic regressions, cox regression and cumulative incidence rate were used to explore rehabilitation the activation of rehabilitation plans. Results: The cohort consisted of 225,653 hospital contacts. Overall, 10,327 (5%) received a rehabilitation plan. Contacts were more often female or had increased co-morbidity. Prescription increased with age and for ethnical Danes. Initiation of prescribed plans increased within the first weeks, levelling from 30 to 60 days. Delayed initiation of the rehabilitation plan beyond 30 days raised the likelihood of non-initiating altogether. Conclusions: Although evidence acknowledges the benefits of rehabilitation, this study showed that more than 25% of all referred municipality rehabilitation plans were never initiated. If the initiation of a rehabilitation plan was delayed beyond 30 days, it significantly reduced the likelihood of initiation. Therefore, the international community need to keep focus on early rehabilitation and increase the use of rehabilitation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim was to identify maternal and paternal socioeconomic and demographic characteristics for non-initiation and non-completion of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among Danish girls including time-trends. Methods: This nationwide register-based cohort study included all girls residing in Denmark who were offered free-of-charge HPV vaccination as a part of the childhood vaccination program between 2009 and 2018 (birth cohorts 1996–2005). The study samples included 296,461 daughter–mother dyads and 291,025 daughter–father dyads. Data from the Danish Vaccination Register were linked with socioeconomic and demographic data from Statistics Denmark. HPV vaccination status was classified as 'non-initiation' for girls who received no HPV vaccine and as 'non-completion' for girls who initiated the HPV vaccination program but did not receive all the scheduled HPV vaccines. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results: Non-initiation of HPV vaccination was 13.7%, and non-completion was 24.2% among girls who initiated the HPV vaccination program. Girls of parents who were descendants of immigrants (adjusted odds ratio: 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.35–1.68), were at least 35-years old at time of birth, had basic or no education, had a low income, were not in the labor market, and were unmarried had the highest non-initiation and non-completion odds. The associations between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and HPV vaccination uptake were similar for mothers and fathers. Conclusions: Despite free-of-charge availability to HPV vaccination in Denmark, we found disparities in non-initiation and non-completion of HPV vaccination among Danish girls by both mothers' and fathers' socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Women with disabilities may experience particular difficulties in starting and developing in sport, also in the Paralympic context. Although a great deal of research has been conducted with high-performance athletes, relatively few studies have focused on athletes with disabilities, especially Paralympic women using person-first approaches. Thus, the main objective of this study is to understand, through the experience and opinion of a Paralympian female athlete, how these athletes reach their full potential, identifying the elements and initiatives that can influence (whether positively or negatively) their sporting trajectory and developmental milestones. Methodology: This study analyzes the case of a quadruple Paralympic medalist in blind Judo, who has competed in Paralympic Games from Athens 2004 to Paris 2024. Information was gathered from a semi-structured interview, a book chapter she had written, and her participation in a forum. Results: The athlete differentiated between two key stages in the sports career of people with disabilities: (1) the beginning of sports practice; and (2) development processes and the search for future Paralympic athletes. Women with disabilities face particular difficulties in accessing sport, with foundations for people with disabilities and coaches playing a fundamental role. It is crucial to give visibility and have sports references in these areas, highlighting initiatives such as Paralympic School Days and inclusive competitions. There are conditioning factors in the identification and development of talent, such as the rules and the nature of each Paralympic sport, and the level of inclusion that the athletes have experienced in their environment. Conclusions: This case study presents the perceptions of a female athlete with regard to the beginnings and development of sport in the Paralympic framework, underlining the need to promote actions that help and encourage the development and participation of women with disabilities in sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Indonesia poses major challenges, with limited studies on specific ART initiation barriers and facilitators. Using a socioecological approach, we explored, through semi-structured interviews, the perspectives of 67 participants: 17 people with HIV not (yet) on ART, 30 people with HIV on treatment, and 20 HIV service providers (HSPs). Fears emerged as pervasive barriers to initiation encompassing, at the intrapersonal level, (irrational) fears of negative medical and non-medical consequences. At the health system level, fears were linked to concerns about bureaucracy and insufficient universal coverage. On a societal level, fears stemmed from prevalent myths, misinformation on social media, and the impact of COVID-19. Interestingly, fear also served as a facilitator to initiation. At the intrapersonal level, initiation was driven by a fear of deteriorating health or death due to AIDS-related conditions. At the interpersonal level, buddies and HSPs leveraged to motivate initiation. At the societal level, accurate yet fear-inducing information on social media stimulated initiation. Perspectives differed between people with HIV and HSP, with people with HIV emphasizing barriers on intrapersonal to health system levels, while HSP focused mostly on intrapersonal and interpersonal barriers, albeit recognizing the crucial role of health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the month of June 2004, the village of Long Tuyo’—the first village above the rapids in the upper Mahakam area—decided to commemorate the anniversary of its foundation on the site (1904) by celebrating the Nemlaay Festival.The Festival, lasting six days, forms an initiation ritual for the young men and boys, besides a celebration of the warrior group proper. Now, the ceremony connected to headhunting and war until the 1950s, has taken new meanings. Although the core of the Nemlaay, i.e. the initiation rites and warrior training for the young boys and men—the live-saving force of the village during headhunting times—remain a martial value in society. Basically, Nemlaay rites emphasize status and inherited rank in connection to age and descent according to Long Glaat ideas. Since the last performance of the Nemlaay, other rituals and events have taken place in the area, such as the yearly Hudo’ Festival organized in turns by villages communities hosting the Festival, which is supported by the local tourism office, and the Dangé Great feast. During the last twenty years, I remark that the changes in the region have been tremendous. The article analyses the ritual processes and their underlying values in the frame of indigenous social and religious representations. Conversely, it gives a detailed account of Nemlaay ritual symbolism, in a comparative Indonesian perspective.

Ölüm kaygısı varoluşsal bir kaygı olup başlangıçtan itibaren insanlığın temel problemlerinden biri olmuştur. İnsan, hayatı boyunca mücadele etmek zorunda olduğu bu problemle başa çıkarken çoğunlukla ölümle en çok ilişkilendirilen dine müracaat etmiştir. Dinler de bu kaygıyı yatıştıracak öneriler sunmuşlardır. Araştırmaların önemli bir kısmı dinlerin ölüm kaygısı ile başa çıkmada yatıştırıcı bir etkisinin olduğunu ortaya koysa da dindarlığın ölüm kaygısını artıran bir faktör olduğu sonucuna ulaşılan araştırmalar yok değildir. Dinin içselleştirilerek özüne uygun yaşanmasını hedefleyen tasavvufun ölüme, insanın özüne kavuşması, ruhun beden kafesinden kurtulması ve Allah’a kavuşması biçiminde pozitif anlamlar yüklediği bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda araştırmada öncelikle dinî tutum ile ölüm kaygısı arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi, ardından tasavvufa intisabı olan bireylerle olmayanların dinî tutum ve ölüm kaygısı düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Nicel yöntemle gerçekleştirilen araştırmada betimsel analiz ve ilişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 18 yaş üstü bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi seçilirken tasavvufa intisabı olan 214 birey amaçlı örnekleme, tasavvufa intisabı olmayan 214 birey tesadüfi örnekleme yoluyla belirlenmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”nun yanı sıra “Ok-Dinî Tutum Ölçeği” ve “Thorson-Powell Ölüm Kaygısı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerin sonucunda katılımcıların tamamının dinî tutum puanları ile ölüm kaygısı puanları arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı ilişkilerin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada tasavvufa intisabı olan bireylerle olmayanların dinî tutum ve ölüm kaygısı puanları karşılaştırılmıştır. Buna göre tasavvufa intisabı olanların dinî tutum puanları, olmayanlara göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek iken ölüm kaygısı puanları anlamlı derecede daha düşük bulunmuştur. Buradan dini yaşamak için tasavvuf metodunu benimsemenin dindarlıkta artışı sağlayabileceği; bu yolla dindarlık düzeyinin yükselmesinin de ölüm kaygısını düşüren bir faktör olabileceği sonucuna ulaşılabilir. Diğer taraftan araştırmada tasavvufa intisabı olan bireylerin arasında tarikat ritüeli gereği ölüm rabıtası yapanlar ile yapmayanların ölüm kaygısı puanları karşılaştırılmış, ölüm rabıtası yapanların ölüm kaygısı düzeylerinin yapmayanlara göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek olduğu bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Bulgudan hareketle her ne kadar literatürde ölüm üzerinde düşünmenin ölüm olgusunu kabullenmeyi kolaylaştırıcı etki yapabileceği, böylece ölüm kaygısını hafifletebileceği yönünde görüşler olsa da ölümü düşünme biçiminin burada etkili olabileceği söylenebilir. Kendi ölüm anını hayal etmek suretiyle ölüm anında acı çektiğini, kabirde azapla karşılaştığını hayal etmek gibi korkuyu çağrıştıran uygulamaların ve ölüme negatif anlamlar yüklemenin istenmeyen bazı sonuçları ortaya çıkarabileceğinden söz edilebilir.

This article analyzes the structural and semantic features of the French folk tale “Sleeping Beauty,” which was recorded at the end of the 19th century by the folklorist L. Dardy in a remote corner of the Gascony. Due to the isolation of the region, this fairy tale not only contains elements of local culture but also maintains its archaic structure free from later literary influences. It allows us to identify the ancient core of the plot, which is associated with initiation rites and mythological ideas about circular time. In the structure of the fairy tale, there are 15 different functions. The narrative arrangement of these functions has several deviations from the traditional pattern and determines an important aspect of the plot that is relevant for its continuation in later literature and culture. One of these deviations is the doubling of function VIII, which involves villainy or lacking. This leads to a focus on two main characters, the victim and the seeker hero, and the simultaneous liquidation of villainy and lacking. Turning to the actions of the hero-seeker, the fairy tale “forgets” about the protagonist (Sleeping Beauty) for a while, who does not undergo traditional tests, does not engage in an open conflict with the antagonist, and does not win over the latter. Instead, she remains inactive for a significant part of the story, which creates a functional and semantic gap and contributes to the emergence of numerous later interpretations of the story filled with new motivations.

Floral and vegetative responses of the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) to specific light wavelengths are not well documented. LED lights make it feasible for precise exposure to specific wavelengths during a 24 h cycle to alter growth responses regulated by phytochromes and cryptochromes and thereby potentially enhance fruit productivity in both a controlled environment and field systems or to enhance stolon production for controlled environment propagation. This research developed a systematic method to assess the effects of supplemental, low-irradiance LED lighting on strawberry flowering and vegetative biology. Growth of the long-day F1 seed-propagated cultivar ‘Soraya’ was evaluated during and following 6 or 12 weeks of exposure to supplemental red (660 nm), far-red (730 nm), blue (454 nm), or incandescent lighting at various times during the dark period of a 24 h cycle under a 10 h non-inductive photoperiod at non-inductive temperatures (>27/18 °C, day/night). Treatment effects were monitored via flower mapping and phenology during treatment, field and greenhouse production after treatment, and floral scores derived by ranking treatment effects within the evaluation method and then combining them into a single, simple score. The most promising treatment for enhancing the floral nature of plug plants was exposure to far-red + red light as a 5 h night interruption. This treatment increased inflorescence production in the greenhouse by 285% and resulted in multi-branched, floral plants with the potential for enhancing yield in either greenhouse or field production. Greenhouse runner production increased by 483% following exposure to incandescent lighting at the beginning of the dark period; thus, this treatment or one using a spectral distribution similar to incandescent may be suitable for enhancing vegetative propagation in controlled environments.

The paper deals with two real regions in India that acquire a magical quality in Salman Rushdie’s novel, Midnight’s Children, the Kashmir Valley, where the narrator-protagonist’s family history begins, and the Sundarbans, where Saleem regains his memory. It begins with Rushdie’s assertion that the spaces and places in the novel are as fictional as they are real, described during a time when the writer no longer lived in India. The paper then introduces Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopia which shares key characteristics with the two spaces analysed: both are isolated, yet penetrable, function in relation to surrounding space, and reach their full potential when characters break with traditional time. The main analysis focuses on the realistic elements of the Kashmir Valley and the Sundarbans before highlighting the magical aspects that transform them. In the Kashmir Valley, the landscape is personified, resisting intrusion, particularly from Doctor Aadam Aziz, who returns with a new worldview after studying in Germany. The valley’s timelessness, its association with Paradise, and its extraordinary inhabitants – exemplified by Tai the boatman – are also explored. The Sundarbans similarly resists change, rejecting four strangers – Saleem Sinai, Ayooba Baloch, Farooq Rashid and Shaheed Dar –after initially attempting to assimilate them. Its symbolic association with a tomb, the theme of symbolic death followed by a rebirth and the exaggerated features of the forest are also discussed. The paper concludes by drawing parallels between the two spaces, both of which possess agency, resist intrusion, and function as atemporal havens where unconventional solutions to crises are sought.

Coconut endosperm has a unique fatty acid profile with a predominance of saturated fatty acids like lauric and myristic acids. Manipulating fatty acid biosynthesis pathways can be possible with the in vitro multiplication of endosperm tissuein this important oil-yielding perennial palm tree. In this study, influence of Light Emitting Diodes (blue, yellow and purple colored) was investigated on in vitro initiation and proliferation of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) endosperm calli. Biomass accumulation, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, free amino acids, total polyphenols and fatty acid profile were estimated from endosperm calli of Gangabondam Green Dwarf (GBGD) cultivar. Calli grown under dark conditions served as control. Results indicated that initiation of calli was faster under dark conditions, whereas the mass was significantly high under purple LED. Production of total soluble sugars and reducing sugars were enhanced in cultures under LEDs in comparison to control. Fatty acid profiles generated through gas chromatography (GC) indicated that medium-chain saturated fatty acid content was higher, while long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content was less in cultures grown under LEDs than in cultures under control conditions. It is evident from the results that coconut endosperm calli can be initially initiated under dark conditions and it has the potential to proliferate under LED conditions with a significant impact on fatty acid synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is a rare condition characterized by acute abdominal pain and development of a mass on the abdominal wall. It is caused by bleeding resulting from the rupture of one of the inferior epigastric arteries or a tear in the rectus muscle. It is associated with trauma and anticoagulant usage. Although there have been no substantial advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of RSH in recent years, it is anticipated that the incidences of RSH will increase with the rising use of anticoagulants. Surgery is rarely performed, but patients are monitored in general surgery departments. Treatment requires maintaining a delicate balance between the risks of bleeding and thrombosis. This study aims to present nontraumatic RSH cases treated in our clinic, supported by a review of the literature. Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included patients over 18 years of age who were admitted with a diagnosis of nontraumatic RSH between 2020 and 2021 at the Department of General Surgery, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, and the General Surgery Clinic of Kayseri City Hospital. Patients diagnosed with RSH were identified by reviewing clinical protocol records and digital databases. The demographic data of the patients, such as age and gender, physical examination findings at admission, medications used, comorbidities, complete blood count, international normalized ratio and other laboratory information, imaging methods used for diagnosis, and receipt and quantity of blood products, were recorded. Following diagnosis, patients were monitored for one month for bleeding (recurrent bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intracranial bleeding) and thrombotic complications (heart valve thrombosis, cerebrovascular events, and pulmonary embolism). Results: Of the 32 patients included in the study, 24 were men (75%) and eight were women (25%). Abdominal pain and palpable swelling were common complaints in all patients. Patient age ranged between 27 and 92 years with a mean age of 70.6 ± 12.9 years. Mean length of hospital stay was 12.6 ± 12.0 days, and 28% of the patients stayed in the intensive care unit for a mean duration of 2.8 ± 6.3 days. Correlation analysis revealed a weak positive correlation between the size of the hematoma on imaging and length of hospital stay and a weak negative correlation between Hb value at diagnosis and length of hospital stay (p = 0.017 and r = 0.426). Conclusion: Nontraumatic RSH is a potentially fatal condition that requires hospitalization and intensive care unit admission as well as substantial amounts of blood transfusion. There is a relationship between the imaging method used at admission and the length of hospital stay as well as the hemoglobin level of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At least 30% of newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLHIV) have delayed antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation globally, resulting in irreversible impaired immune function and increased risk of HIV transmission. This study aimed to explore the decision‐making process of ART initiation in China. A phenomenological research design was used and semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews based on dual‐system theory were conducted. Participants were selected using purposive sampling between December 11, 2021 and June 25, 2022. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was performed utilizing the software NVivo 12. A total of 34 PLHIV were interviewed. The heuristic system and the analytic system were involved in the complex decision‐making process for ART initiation. Acceptability, negative emotion, and stigma were all parts of the heuristic system. The analytic system included the perception of ART benefits, positive support, and misconception. Two systems interacted with each other in the decision‐making of ART initiation. PLHIV's initiation decision was determined by the components of the dominant system. This theory‐driven qualitative study provided valuable insights on the decision‐making process of ART initiation among newly diagnosed PLHIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technique combined radial well and hydraulic fracturing is an efficient and innovative method to enhance stimulated height of shale oil reservoir. In this paper, a 3D double-layer radial well-fracturing fracture initiation model considering fluid-mechanics coupling is established and the property of shale is characterized by considering the transverse isotropy of elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and shear modulus simultaneously. The influences of radial well diameter, length, spacing, and in-situ stress on the fracture initiation characteristics induced by vertical stress interference around the radial wells are investigated by superimposing the stress fields generated by the main well and radial wells. The results show that the induced stress field is gradually decreasing from the radial well to the surrounding reservoir. Increasing the diameter and length of radial well and decreasing the horizontal stress difference can increase the influence of induced stress field and improve the ability to guide the vertical-fracture propagation. When the radial well diameter increases from 20 to 100 mm, the interwell induced stress decreases by 5.66%. When the radial well length increases from 1 to 40 m, the interwell induced stress decreases by 3.72%. When the horizontal stress difference decreases from 15 to 1 MPa, the interwell induced stress decreases by 1.32%. In addition, the radial well spacing is an important factor affecting the induced stress field. With the radial well spacing decreasing from 3 m to 0.5 m, the induced stress field between radial wells increases obviously. The local compressive stress of the reservoir is reduced, and the vertical-fracture connectivity is improved. The research results can provide a basis for the fracture-communication mechanism of multi-radial wells fracturing in shale oil reservoirs. Highlights: A 3D double-layer radial well fracturing fracture initiation model of shale oil reservoir considering fluid-mechanics coupling is established. The induced stress field formed by a single radial well borehole influences the vertical stress-interference distance about 5.25 times of its diameter. The higher radial-well diameter and length and the lower horizontal stress difference significantly enhance the simulated height when the radial -well spacing is less than 0.5 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromosomal replication is a ubiquitous and essential cellular process. In bacteria, the master replication initiator DnaA plays a key role in promoting an open complex at the origin (oriC) and recruiting helicase in a tightly regulated process. The C-terminal domain IV specifically recognises consensus sequences of double-stranded DNA in oriC, termed DnaA-boxes, thereby facilitating the initial engagement of DnaA to oriC. Here, we report the 13Cβ and backbone 1H, 15N, and 13C chemical shift assignments of soluble DnaA domain IV from Bacillus subtilis at pH 7.6 and 298 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propose: "Death" is an idea that has always occupied the human mind and to find a solution to this inevitable phenomenon, a multitude of rituals and beliefs have been formed around it and it has become one of the most important initiation rituals in the history of human life. The term “initiation” refers to a set of rituals and teachings that are repetitions of the mental archetypes of any society and ultimately bring about a fundamental change in the physical, cultural, religious, and social status of an apprentice. Although the rituals related to “initiation” have changed over time, but they have continued to this day and are performed in all the prominent and sensitive moments of human life from birth, puberty, and marriage to death. Method and Research: This research has been done by library method and document analysis, by an inductive method based on the observation of events and their relationship with each other to reach general rules. Findings and Conclusion: This article, for the first time, takes a closer look at the rituals of death in Iranian belief and has shown that the three stages of "separation, transition and connection" that can be recognized in all rituals, are slightly different in the rituals of death in Iranian belief, which, of course, can be the result of Iranian dualistic thought: According to the present study, each of the stages of separation, transition and connection in Iranian rituals can be classified into two parts: "first separation and final separation, twoperiod transition, first connection and final connection." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floral and vegetative responses of the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) to specific light wavelengths are not well documented. LED lights make it feasible for precise exposure to specific wavelengths during a 24 h cycle to alter growth responses regulated by phytochromes and cryptochromes and thereby potentially enhance fruit productivity in both a controlled environment and field systems or to enhance stolon production for controlled environment propagation. This research developed a systematic method to assess the effects of supplemental, low-irradiance LED lighting on strawberry flowering and vegetative biology. Growth of the long-day F1 seed-propagated cultivar 'Soraya' was evaluated during and following 6 or 12 weeks of exposure to supplemental red (660 nm), far-red (730 nm), blue (454 nm), or incandescent lighting at various times during the dark period of a 24 h cycle under a 10 h non-inductive photoperiod at non-inductive temperatures (>27/18 °C, day/night). Treatment effects were monitored via flower mapping and phenology during treatment, field and greenhouse production after treatment, and floral scores derived by ranking treatment effects within the evaluation method and then combining them into a single, simple score. The most promising treatment for enhancing the floral nature of plug plants was exposure to far-red + red light as a 5 h night interruption. This treatment increased inflorescence production in the greenhouse by 285% and resulted in multi-branched, floral plants with the potential for enhancing yield in either greenhouse or field production. Greenhouse runner production increased by 483% following exposure to incandescent lighting at the beginning of the dark period; thus, this treatment or one using a spectral distribution similar to incandescent may be suitable for enhancing vegetative propagation in controlled environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Endocrine therapy (ET) is the cornerstone of systemic treatment for patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, but its uptake and adherence need further improvement. This observational study assessed ET initiation and 1-year adherence and its survival benefit among female Medicare beneficiaries with early-stage breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed the linked 2011–2019 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data. Female beneficiaries newly diagnosed with hormone receptor positive, stage I-III breast cancer were included. Beneficiaries who initiated tamoxifen, anastrozole, letrozole, or exemestane within 3 months after cancer diagnosis were defined as initiators (n = 24,289), and those who never initiated these treatments were noninitiators (n = 8,899). Adherence was measured using proportion of days covered (PDC) in the continuous 12 months follow-up period. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with ET initiation and adherence (PDC ≥ 80%), controlling for covariates. Weighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause and breast cancer related mortality between initiators and noninitiators and by adherence status. Results: Among eligible female beneficiaries (n = 55,893), 43% initiated ET within 3 months of cancer diagnosis. Among initiators, 77% had PDC ≥ 80% during the first year. Patient's demographics (e.g., older age, race/ethnicity) and baseline health services utilization (e.g., mammography) were associated with ET initiation and adherence. ET initiation and adherence was associated with reduced risk of all-cause (adjusted HR = 0.62, 0.59–0.66; HR = 0.55, 0.53–0.59; respectively) and breast cancer related (adjusted HR = 0.57, 0.50–0.64; HR = 0.41, 0.36–0.47; respectively) mortality compared with noninitiators. Conclusion: Women with early-stage breast cancer who initiate ET and are adherent to treatment may achieve survival benefits compared with noninitiators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Schools and the education system are powerful tools for cultivating healthy lifestyles. This research focuses on characterising the factors contributing to the development of health-promoting schools in Israel, and understanding how schools can offer a framework for improving students' health. Fullan's triple change model with its focus on three phases in the change process in schools – the initiation phase, the implementation phase and the institutionalisation phase – served as a framework for analysis. Design and setting: This qualitative-constructivist study involved the analysis of data collected from 26 elementary school principals in Israel, 15 of whom belonged to the health promotion school network (HPSN) and 11 who did not. In addition, 10 health promotion leaders from within the schools were interviewed. Methods: Data collection took place by means of semi-structured interviews. in which the questions asked referred to the three phases identified in Fullan's process of change model. We analysed the data using thematic content analysis. Results: Each identified theme was associated with one of the phases proposed in Fullan's model of change. The initiation phase included collaboration with key stakeholders, principals' personal commitment, and dissemination of ideas through personal connections. The implementation phase included gaining access to appropriate tools and materials, action to deal with barriers to change, and the creation of a holistic health promotion environment. The institutionalisation phase included the development of administrative strategies such as adherence to routines, the inclusion of regular events in the school calendar, and the allocation of time frames for the activities undertaken. Conclusion: Fullan's model proved useful in analysing efforts to develop health-promoting schools. The model signalled the importance of using a structured approach throughout the institutionalisation phase in a manner attuned to the unique nature of the school. Alongside identifying key factors that support assimilation, it is crucial to assess their integration into the school culture. The school principal's role is critical throughout all the phases of the development process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors often emerge in a predictable sequence, with suicidal ideation (SI) preceding planning, and planning preceding actions. Few studies, however, have considered the timing and duration of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in these transitions. Accordingly, this study examined: 1) the developmental sequencing of NSSI, SI and suicide attempts, and 2) whether age of onset or duration predict transitions from NSSI to other SITB, and from SI to NSSI. 704 first-year students from a mid-sized Canadian university (Sample 1) and 2095 adults from an online research volunteer panel (Sample 2) completed the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview self-report, which assessed the presence, age of onset, and recency of SITB. NSSI and SI typically onset before age 15, while suicide planning and attempt usually began at or after age 15. Transition from NSSI to SI was likeliest in the first year after NSSI onset. Transition from NSSI to suicide attempt was likeliest in the second and third year after NSSI onset in Sample 1, and up to four years after NSSI onset in Sample 2. Early (before age 13) and late (after age 16) onsets of NSSI predicted higher odds of transitioning from NSSI to SI or attempt. Transition from SI to NSSI was likeliest in the first two years after SI onset and when SI began before age 13. The first year after NSSI or SI onset are critical for transitions to other SITB. Targeted prevention and monitoring should be considered for people who recently initiated NSSI. • NSSI and suicidal ideation (SI) typically begin within 1–2 years of each other • Transition from NSSI to SI was likeliest in the first year after NSSI onset • Transition risk from NSSI to attempt persisted for 3+ years after NSSI onset • NSSI onset before age 13 or after 16 predicted transitioning to SI or attempt • Onset of SI before age 13 predicted transition to NSSI [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to find the possibility of adapting the modern lesson, especially pragmatic linguistics. To keep pace with the methodology of the Arab heritage, the choice fell on studying (Stops and Initiations in the Holy Qur'an), so the research came under the name (Pragmatics of Stops and Initiations in the Holy Qur'an/Semiotics of Speech Acts). As for the research plan, it was as follows: An introductory introduction in which I dealt with linguistics. Pragmatics: origins, levels, and concept. In it, I dealt with the origins of pragmatics, and its relationship to the philosophy of analysis at times and semiotics at other times. Then, I looked at the levels and degrees of pragmatics, then pragmatics as a term and concept, and after that I dealt with speech acts and the circumstances of their origin. After that, I defined the pause linguistically and conventionally, and then I employed the work of speech acts. Sometimes at the level of semiotics, and at other times at the level of achievement, which I took as a space for applying the stop and start according to scholars of readings and interpreters, then the conclusion of the research, results, sources and references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hemodynamics during the growth process of cerebral aneurysms are incompletely understood. We developed a novel fluid–structure interaction analysis method for the identification of relevant scenarios of aneurysm onset. Method: This method integrates both fluid dynamics and structural mechanics, as well as their mutual interaction, for a comprehensive analysis. Patients with a single unruptured cerebral aneurysm were included. Results: Overall, three scenarios were identified. In scenario A, wall shear stress (WSS) was low, and the oscillatory shear index (OSI) was high in large areas within the region of aneurysm onset (RAO). In scenario B, the quantities indicated a reversed behavior, where WSS was high and OSI was low. In the last scenario C, a behavior in-between was found, with scenarios A and B coexisting simultaneously in the RAO. Structural mechanics demonstrated a similar but independent trend. Further, we analyzed the change in hemodynamics between the onset and a fully developed aneurysm. While scenarios A and C remained unchanged during aneurysm growth, 47% of aneurysms in scenario B changed into scenario A and 20% into scenario C. Conclusions: In conclusion, these findings suggest that WSS and the OSI are reciprocally regulated, and both low and high WSS/OSI conditions can lead to aneurysm onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary vein (PV) antrum isolation (PVAI) that involves electrically isolating PV foci is a useful treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, non-PV triggers during/after the PVAI are observed in approximately 30 % of AF cases, contributing to AF recurrence. We present the case of an 84-year-old woman who underwent ablation of recurrent symptomatic paroxysmal AF in our hospital. AF was easily induced following spontaneous activity (SA) from non-PV triggers even after completing the PVAI, left atrial posterior wall isolation with roof and bottom lines, and superior vena cava isolation. Interestingly, the area of the earliest activation site of the SAs initiating AF and that with a fractionation mapping score of ≥4 corresponded. AF was steadily terminated during ablation of this fractionated area, and the programmed stimulation could no longer induce any SA or AF. This case report demonstrated that the area with a score of ≥4 points on the fractionation mapping calculated by EnSite™ (Abbott, Abbott Park, IL, USA) during sinus rhythm may contribute to the initiation and maintenance of paroxysmal AF. In patients whose AF does not resolve during ablation, physicians may consider performing an additional targeted ablation of the area with a fractionation mapping score of ≥4, even in patients with paroxysmal AF. The area with a fractionation mapping score of ≥4 calculated by EnSite™ during sinus rhythm might play an important role in producing spontaneous activities and initiating and maintaining paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Thus, if the AF does not terminate during ablation, physicians should consider performing an additional targeted ablation of the area with a fractionation mapping score of ≥4, even if it is paroxysmal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most fascinating representatives of the Romanian exile, even though he is less famous when compared to his great contemporaries Mircea Eliade, Eugène Ionesco or E.M. Cioran, Vintilă Horia represents an interesting example of artistic capacity to empathize with the protagonists of his own work. All his great novels (The Knight of Resignation, A Tomb in the Sky or God Was Born in Exile) include the recurrent image of tragic exiles unexpectedly confronted with the harsh reality of uprooting and forced to come to terms with the new world they reach, sometimes after a challenging or dangerous journey. The Latin poet Ovid in God Was Born in Exile (Dieu est né en exil, 1960) is perhaps Horia’s most remarkable character, the protagonist’s exile to Tomis representing an expression of the author’s own painful exile after World War II, when he was forced to leave Romania for good. Ovid’s exile and then his journeys stand for a complex process of initiation, completed only when the poet also has the revelation of his future possible symbolic rebirth and foresees his way to spiritual redemption. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the effect of different surface sterilization methods and different plant growth regulators on culture establishment from Pomegranate nodal explants of cv. Bhagwa. Topics discussed include selection of planting material, collection of explants and sterilization, and effect of different sterilizing agents and media with growth regulators on nature of microbial contamination.

Purpose: The study explores the nexus between Ibu-Ubu boyhood initiation and the conservation of cultural heritage in Afikpo, Southeast Nigeria. The study is motivated by the rarity of such cultural conservation through initiation rites in an age of Christian-inspired culture terrorism against Igbo traditional religion, arts and relics. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted cultural anthropological research method. The boyhood initiation rite was studied through participant observation of the initiation between September and November 2017. As a cultural anthropological study, oral evidence was derived from the men who had undergone the rite. Through the oral evidence, interpretations were given to the material culture, monuments and heritage that have been conserved through Ibu-Ubu initiation rite. Findings: The study discovered that amid the deluge of Christian-motivated culture terrorism and erosion of Igbo cultural arts, relics and heritage, the people of Afikpo have preserved most of their tangible and intangible heritage through the Ibu-Ubu boyhood initiation rites. Originality/value: This study will assist in the reinvigoration of campaigns on environmental and heritage conservation in Igboland. It is sufficient to posit that Igboland is ridden with myriads of environmental and cultural terrorism, perpetrated by some Christian fanatics. The study reveals the relevance of the boyhood initiation rites in ensuring the preservation and conservation of Igbo cultural heritage in a century marked with fanatical Christian evangelism, culture-terrorism and destruction of both tangible and intangible heritages, which the Christians have labelled evil, barbaric and fetish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the intersection of folklore and literature, specifically examining how a methodology developed for interpreting wondertales can be applied to a complex literary corpus, such as Marcel Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost Time). The discussion proposes a case study for the use of allomotifs, or interchangeable motifs, to understand symbolic patterns in Proust's literary work. The paper lays bare a widespread metaphorical field in wondertales, then follows its complications in the Proustian corpus. It suggests that Proust's œuvre, much like folklore, operates within a symbolic universe where binary oppositions, such as good and evil or male and female, are fluid and dynamic. The discussion shows that Proust's literary imagination aligns surprisingly well with the workings of folklore. This hybrid space of the imagination challenges conventional distinctions between folklore and literature, and brings to mind Lévi-Strauss' erstwhile ruminations on the pensée sauvage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Philology: Science & Education is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionWomen with disabilities may experience particular difficulties in starting and developing in sport, also in the Paralympic context. Although a great deal of research has been conducted with high-performance athletes, relatively few studies have focused on athletes with disabilities, especially Paralympic women using person-first approaches. Thus, the main objective of this study is to understand, through the experience and opinion of a Paralympian female athlete, how these athletes reach their full potential, identifying the elements and initiatives that can influence (whether positively or negatively) their sporting trajectory and developmental milestones.MethodologyThis study analyzes the case of a quadruple Paralympic medalist in blind Judo, who has competed in Paralympic Games from Athens 2004 to Paris 2024. Information was gathered from a semi-structured interview, a book chapter she had written, and her participation in a forum.ResultsThe athlete differentiated between two key stages in the sports career of people with disabilities: (1) the beginning of sports practice; and (2) development processes and the search for future Paralympic athletes. Women with disabilities face particular difficulties in accessing sport, with foundations for people with disabilities and coaches playing a fundamental role. It is crucial to give visibility and have sports references in these areas, highlighting initiatives such as Paralympic School Days and inclusive competitions. There are conditioning factors in the identification and development of talent, such as the rules and the nature of each Paralympic sport, and the level of inclusion that the athletes have experienced in their environment.ConclusionsThis case study presents the perceptions of a female athlete with regard to the beginnings and development of sport in the Paralympic framework, underlining the need to promote actions that help and encourage the development and participation of women with disabilities in sport.

IntroductionSmoking causes lung cancer and a wide range of acute and chronic diseases annually throughout the world. A fourth-generation behavioral framework, namely the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) of health behavior change was used to predict the initiation and maintenance of smoking cessation among health worker smokers.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 170 smoking healthcare workers was conducted in Kabul. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used to recruit respondents. A valid and reliable 37-item MTM-based questionnaire was administered to male smokers. Stepwise multiple regression was used to explain smoking cessation. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α) for the initial and retention scales of the MTM variables was 0.80 and 0.79, respectively.ResultsThe average age of the participants was 29.33 ± 6.21 years. The reported average year of smoking was 5.6 ± 4.7 with the average number of 5.64 ± 5.21cigarette smoking per day. Behavioral confidence and changes in physical environment were significant predictors of smoking cessation initiation. The sustenance of smoking cessation behavior was significantly influenced by emotional transformation, practicing for change and changes in social environment.ConclusionMTM has the usefulness to assess both the initiation and sustenance behavior of smoking cessation. Potential arrangements utilizing MTM develops ought to be created in future interventions to alter behavior of smoking cessation.

A number of experimental studies have been conducted regarding the modification of the main stages of microcloning of Fagus silvatica L., namely: features of decontamination of plant material, initiation of growth and rhizogenesis of explants and adaptation of clones to in vivo conditions. The influence of the concentration and duration of treatment with chemical sterilant agents on the yield of aseptic explants of the species under study is characterized. The methodology for conducting experimental studies on the reproduction of Fagus silvatica L. in vitro culture is presented. It was found that it is most effective to use apical buds, harvested in the second half of February, as the starting plant material. A stepwise scheme of chemotherapy for the initial explants was used, which ensured maximum decontamination: a 15-second treatment with 96% C2H5OH (ethanol); a 24-hour treatment with running water with detergent; a 15-minute treatment with 30% NaClO solution (chlorine); a 10-second treatment with 70% C2H5OH; a 15-second treatment with 2% solution of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide); a 10-minute treatment with 0.2% AgNO3 (silver nitrate) with washing out with sterile distilled water after each reagent. Immediately before the passage, the explants were treated for 10-15 seconds with a 10% solution of the antibiotic "Cefazolin-KMR". Studies were conducted on the effectiveness of three types of nutrient media, namely P-24, WPM and MS, which were modified using different ratios and concentrations of auxins: NAA (α-naphthylacetic acid), IAA (indomyl-3-acetic acid), ІВА (β-indolylbutyric acid) and cytokinins: BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and K (kinetin) in various concentrations and combinations for the initiation of explants. Rhizogenesis of the initiated explants was carried out only on the MS medium, which proved to be the most effective at the initiation stage, modified as follows: the concentration of the main mineral salts was reduced by 2-4 times, the amount of sucrose was reduced to 0.5-1.0%, and in some variants cytokinin was completely extracted. Adaptation of regenerant plants in four types of substrate was carried out: a mixture of soddy soil with coarse-grained sand and peat in a ratio of 1:1:1; coarse-grained sand; soddy soil with coarse-grained sand (1:1); peat tablets (“Jiffy-7 Forestry”). All the substrates were sterilized at a temperature of + 90 °C for 1.5 hours and pre-treated with a 0.5% KMnO₄ solution. It was found that the MS nutrient medium modified with stimulants 2.0 mg/l NAA + 0.5 mg/l ІВА + 0.5 mg/l K + 0.5 mg/l BAP provides the highest number of initiated explants of Fagus silvatica L. (96%). It was revealed that with an increased content of auxin or cytokinin or their absence in the nutrient medium, the death of the plant material of the species under study occurs. The study showed that the use of a 0.5 MS nutrient medium modified with 1.0 mg/l NAA + 1.0 mg/ ІВА provides a high percentage of adventitious root formation in the plants under study (96%). A 4-fold decrease in the concentration of mineral salts in the nutrient medium makes the ability of Fagus silvatica L. clones to rhizogenesis virtually impossible. It was found that the adaptation of regenerant plants of the studied species is best carried out with the use of sterilized peat tablets, which ensures a success rate of 94% in 30 days of cultivation.

Abstract The mechanism of convective cell initiation and regeneration in the Bandung Basin ( $$107.35^\circ \text{E}-107.95^\circ \text{E};6.75^\circ \text{S}-7.25^\circ \text{S}$$ 107 . 35 ∘ E - 107 . 95 ∘ E ; 6 . 75 ∘ S - 7 . 25 ∘ S ), Indonesia, is investigated using a Weather Research and Forecasting model. Based on the Cumulative Distribution Function and Regeneration Index, model simulations were conducted using case studies in February–March 2019. Upslope wind flows to the mountain peak in north and south of the basin due to solar heating, carrying water vapor from the bottom of the basin. Therefore, low-level convergence is formed due to the convergence of winds from the bottom of the basin and from outside the basin. The low-level convergence causes the developing updraft, makes atmosphere unstable, and generates convective initiation. The convective system will be developed in the mountains region, produced precipitation, and formed cold pools on the surface. The cold pool will fall down the slopes and convective activity from the mountains will continue to the bottom of the basin. The convective system’s outflow causes the cold pool to move in the west–east direction. The cold pool will collide with warmer air from the opposite direction, resulting in an updraft at the cold pool leading edge, and convection will be re-initiated (convective regeneration) in the Bandung Basin, with the new convective system tending to move eastward.

Abstract Introduction People living with HIV (PLHIV) have a 20-fold risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease compared to HIV-negative people. In 2021, the uptake of TB preventive treatment among the children and adolescents living with HIV at the Baylor-Uganda HIV clinic was 45%, which was below the national target of 90%. Minimal evidence documents the enablers and barriers to TB preventive treatment (TPT) initiation and completion among children and adolescents living with HIV(CALHIV). We explored the facilitators and barriers to TPT initiation and completion among CALHIV among adolescents aged 10-19years and caretakers of children below 18years. Methods We conducted a qualitative study from February 2022 to March 2023, at three paediatric and adolescent HIV treatment centers in Uganda. In-depth interviews were conducted at TPT initiation and after completion for purposively selected health workers, adolescents aged 10–19 years living with HIV, and caretakers of children aged below 18years. Results The desire to avoid TB disease, previous TB treatment, encouragement from family members, and ministry of health policies emerged as key facilitators for the children and adolescents to initiate TPT. Barriers to TPT initiation included; TB and HIV-related stigma, busy carer and adolescent work schedules, reduced social support from parents and family, history of drug side effects, high pill burden and fatigue, and perception of not being ill. TPT completion was enabled by combined TPT and ART refill visits, delivery of ART and TPT within the community, and continuous education and counseling from health workers. Reported barriers to TPT completion included TB and HIV-related stigma, long waiting time. Non-disclosure of HIV status by caretakers to CALHIV and fear of side effects was cited by health workers as a barrier to starting TPT. Facilitators of TPT initiation and completion reported by healthcare workers included patient and caretaker health education, counselling about benefits of TPT and risk of TB disease, having same appointment for TPT and ART refill to reduce patient waiting time, adolescent-friendly services, and appointment reminder phone calls. Conclusion The facilitators and barriers of TPT initiation and completion among CALHIV span from individual, to health system and structural factors. Health education about benefits of TPT and risk of TB, social support, adolescent-friendly services, and joint appointments for TPT and ART refill are major facilitators of TPT initiation and completion among CALHIV in Uganda.

The article examines mythopoetics in Sasha Sokolov’s novels A School for Fools and Palisandria. In the 20th century authors widely turn to neo-mythologism in its various manifestations – from the myth-making of prose writers and poets of the beginning of the century to the nationalfolklore type of mythologism in the prose of the era of stagnation. In Sokolov’s novels, the fi rst branch of the development of mythopoetics continues in the form of modernist myth in A School for Fools and postmodern deconstruction of myth in Palisandria. The article shows that Sokolov’s first and last novels have contrasting forms of mythology. In A School for Fools, via a cyclic chronotope, the author models the ontological myth of eternal return, in which the main mythologems are metamorphoses and the author’s mythologem of the Sender of the Wind. In this myth, the creator is the main character of the novel. In Palisandria the opposite process is observed – the dispelling of the myth of eternal return and the formation of the myth of “timelessness” through numerous simulacra-incarnations of the main character. The author of the article talks about the change in the principles of mythologization from the fi rst to the third novel – from the ontological myth of A School for Fools Sokolov comes to the deconstruction of myth and postmodern negation in Palisandria. Sokolov’s novels are deeply mythopoetic. In his work, Sokolov repeatedly turns to mythological images and allusions from classical myths, as well as literary archetypes. Based on all of the above, it can be argued that neomythologism is one of the main principles of Sokolov’s oeuvre. Using the example of Sasha Sokolov’s texts, the article shows one of the ways of transforming neomythologism from modernism to postmodernism.

Background: Drug addiction is a social problem that affects people all over the world, Increased manufacturing, distribution, promotion, availability, and social values contribute to this issue. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the causes of substance abuse among users and its impacts. Materials and Methods: The study’s findings were derived through primary research. In-depth interviews with substance users undergoing treatment at a de-addiction center in Srinagar were carried out in June 2022–July 2022. This study included a thematic analysis of the stories of 20 participants. Results: Data gathered through participant narratives revealed personal experiences as well as common themes. A total of 3 themes emerged from the codes, the themes include (1) Initiation of substance abuse (2) Causes associated with substance abuse (3) Consequences of substance abuse. Conclusion: We conclude that the problem of substance abuse in Kashmir has assumed rising dimensions: curiosity, academic pressure, increasing economic stress, and easy accessibility are leading to initiation into substance abuse. It also reveals the harmful effects of substance abuse. Heroin is mostly used substance by abusers for the first time; substance abuse is on the rise, which is highly concerning for every member of society.

This article comprehensively explores the technology of dispersed borehole charges, its advantages, modern implementation methods, innovations that improve the effectiveness of blasting operations, and provides practical recommendations for using this technology. Previously, wooden coils were used to create air gaps, but now this outdated technology has been replaced by modern P-1 devices. These polyethylene bags are filled with chemical reagents that react to release gas, which expands the bag and creates an air gap. P-1 devices have several advantages over wooden coils: Ease of use: P-1 devices do not require special preparation before use, which saves time and resources. Controlled expansion: P-1 devices expand gradually, ensuring a more even distribution of the air gap and better control over the blasting process. Safety: P-1 devices do not contain explosives and are safe to use. To improve blasting efficiency, AdvancedBlasting Technology inc proposes using Rocklock plastic spheres when tamping boreholes. These spheres increase the retention time of the tamping in the borehole, which improves rock fragmentation and reduces the number of oversized fragments.

Introduction We examined the predictors of tobacco smoking initiation considering factors such as age, gender, pocket money, exposure to smoke in public outdoor places, anti-tobacco media, smoking parents, smoking teachers, and smoking friends among adolescents in Indonesia. Methods Using data from the 2014–2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey grades 7–12, data from 9,655 teenagers were analyzed. The research used the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) questionnaire. The analysis used univariate, chi-square and logistic regression with the STATA application version 15. Results In total, 9655 adolescent respondents participated. Multivariate tests indicated that teenagers aged 13-15 years (AOR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.08-1.66) and teenagers aged> 15 years (AOR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.25-2.17), teenagers who were male (AOR: 13.99, 95% CI: 11.11-17.63), teenagers who were exposed to cigarette smoke in public places outside the room (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.74-2.29), teenagers who had never seen anti-tobacco messages in the mass media (AOR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02-1.48), Teenagers who had parents who smoke (AOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08-1.46), teenagers who saw teachers smoking in the school area (AOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.18-1.71), and teenagers who accepted offers of cigarettes from friends (AOR: 15.11, 95% CI: 10.33-22.11). Conclusion The initiation of tobacco smoking among teenagers in Indonesia can be predicted by various factors such as age, gender, exposure to smoke in outdoor public places, exposure to anti-tobacco media, and influence of parents, teachers, and friends.

The mechanism of convective cell initiation and regeneration in the Bandung Basin ( 107. 35 ∘ E - 107. 95 ∘ E ; 6. 75 ∘ S - 7. 25 ∘ S ), Indonesia, is investigated using a Weather Research and Forecasting model. Based on the Cumulative Distribution Function and Regeneration Index, model simulations were conducted using case studies in February–March 2019. Upslope wind flows to the mountain peak in north and south of the basin due to solar heating, carrying water vapor from the bottom of the basin. Therefore, low-level convergence is formed due to the convergence of winds from the bottom of the basin and from outside the basin. The low-level convergence causes the developing updraft, makes atmosphere unstable, and generates convective initiation. The convective system will be developed in the mountains region, produced precipitation, and formed cold pools on the surface. The cold pool will fall down the slopes and convective activity from the mountains will continue to the bottom of the basin. The convective system's outflow causes the cold pool to move in the west–east direction. The cold pool will collide with warmer air from the opposite direction, resulting in an updraft at the cold pool leading edge, and convection will be re-initiated (convective regeneration) in the Bandung Basin, with the new convective system tending to move eastward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent deficits in the ability to initiate social interaction is a core criterion for a diagnosis of autism, and quantitative research shows that children with autism initiate fewer bids for interaction than neurotypical children. This conversation-analytic examination of two interactions between a man with autism, Harry, and two familiar carers will provide insights into the scope of his competences in topic initiation. Analyses of the participants' online management of turn-taking and sequence organisation demonstrate that Harry's topic initiations can be facilitated by a high silence tolerance of the interlocutor in initiation-relevant sequential environments. Specifically, Harry initiates more topics, when his conversational partner endures the long silences after possible sequence closure. The analyses underline that Harry does not lack neither competences nor motivation to successfully execute initiations. Instead, it is proposed that Harry's deficits in initiation should be reconceptualised as a difficulty of initiating interaction on neurotypical terms, where the standard maximum silence between turns is approximately one second. Hereby, the study emphasises that communicative competences of individuals with autism are interactionally managed, emerging in interaction with conversational partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the significant weather report, CG lightning, composite radar reflectivity, and ERA5 reanalysis data, we first studied the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of four types (only severe convective wind (SCW); SCW and hail; SCW and short-duration heavy rainfall (SDHR); and SCW, hail, and SDHR) of convective weather events related to SCW during the warm season (May to September) from 2011 to 2018 in North China. Second, severe convective cases producing SCW were selected to statistically analyze the initiation, decay, lifetime, and organizational characteristics of convective systems. Finally, using ERA5 reanalysis data and conventional surface observation data, preconvective soundings were constructed to explore the differences in environmental conditions for initiating convective systems between SCW and non-SCW. The results indicate that mixed-type of SCW and SDHR events occur more frequently over plains, while other types of convective weather occur more frequently over mountains. The frequency peak of SCW occurs in June, while mixed convective weather peaks in July. The initiation time of convective systems is concentrated between 1000 and 1300 BST, with apeak at 1200 BST. Over mountains, the daily peaks of ordinary and significant SCW generally occur at 1700–1800 BST and 1600–1700 BST, respectively, while over plains, the peak of ordinary SCW typically lags behind that of mountains by 1–2 hours. Additionally, SCW systems are mainly initiated over mountains, with most lifetimes lasting 7–13 hours. Nonlinear convective systems produce the most SCW events, followed by trailing-stratiform convective systems. The convective available potential energy (CAPE), downdraft convective available potential energy, and the temperature difference between 850 and 500 hPa can all distinguish between SCW systems and non-SCW systems occurring over plains. Compared to non-SCW convective systems, SCW convective systems over mountains are more likely to occur in environments with less precipitable water, while SCW convective systems over plains are more likely to occur in environments with higher CAPE and stronger deep-layer wind shear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)