21 results on '"Inohara, K."'
Search Results
2. Oxytocin efficacy is modulated by dosage and oxytocin receptor genotype in young adults with high-functioning autism: a 24-week randomized clinical trial
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Kosaka, H, primary, Okamoto, Y, additional, Munesue, T, additional, Yamasue, H, additional, Inohara, K, additional, Fujioka, T, additional, Anme, T, additional, Orisaka, M, additional, Ishitobi, M, additional, Jung, M, additional, Fujisawa, T X, additional, Tanaka, S, additional, Arai, S, additional, Asano, M, additional, Saito, D N, additional, Sadato, N, additional, Tomoda, A, additional, Omori, M, additional, Sato, M, additional, Okazawa, H, additional, Higashida, H, additional, and Wada, Y, additional
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- 2016
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3. Surface modification of spin-on-glass film by liquid-phase deposition of fluorinated silicon oxide
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Homma, T., Kondo, H., Inohara, K., Nomoto, M., Sakamoto, M., Ariyama, Y., and Takahashi, H.
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- 2001
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4. Acute prevertebral abscesses caused by bacterial-infected traumatic tooth fractures
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Matsunaga, K., Takemaru, M., Yamashiro, K., Yoshihara-Hirata, C., Inohara, K., Shimoe, Y., Tanaka, A., Kuriyama, M., and Shogo Takashiba
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stomatognathic diseases ,stomatognathic system ,Streptococcus parasanguinis ,periodontal disease ,prevertebral abscess ,deep neck infection ,peri-implantitis - Abstract
We report a case of acute prevertebral abscess caused by traumatic tooth fractures in a 77-year-old Japanese man. After being transferred to our hospital the patient was initially diagnosed with a neck hematoma; however, blood culture showed Streptococcus parasanguinis, an oral bacterium, and an MRI examination suggested prevertebral abscesses. Tooth fractures, severe periodontitis, and peri-implantitis with Streptococcus parasanguinis were observed. Antibiotics were administered and fractured teeth were extracted. The patient's condition then gradually improved. We concluded that bacteremia caused by traumatic tooth fractures induced the acute prevertebral abscesses.
5. Association between denture use and food form in older adults requiring long-term care: A multicenter cross-sectional study.
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Taira K, Watanabe Y, Okada K, Kondo M, Takeda M, Ito K, Nakajima J, Iwasaki M, Itoda M, Inohara K, Sasaki R, Nishi Y, Furuya J, Watanabe Y, Umemoto G, Kishima M, Tohara T, Sato Y, Yoshida M, and Yamazaki Y
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- Humans, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Activities of Daily Living, Dentures, Long-Term Care, Deglutition Disorders etiology
- Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether denture use contributes to maintaining and improving food forms in long-term care facility (LTCFs) residents., Methods: In 888 residents of 37 LTCFs in Japan, the following were investigated: nutritional intake status, food forms, age, sex, Barthel index (BI), clinical dementia rating (CDR), number of teeth present, number of occlusal supports, swallowing function, and use of dentures. Among all residents, those who were well-nourished and had ≤9 occlusal supports were analyzed. Based on standardized criteria, the food forms consumed by the subjects were divided into two groups: dysphagia and normal diet, which were further classified into four levels. Analysis was performed using a generalized estimation equation with the four levels of food forms as dependent variables and age, sex, BI, CDR, presence of dysphagia, number of teeth present, and use of dentures as independent variables., Results: The final analysis included 622 (70.0%) residents. Of these, 380 (61.1%) used dentures. The analyses revealed that food form was significantly associated with age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.98), BI (OR, 1.04), number of teeth present (OR, 1.03), presence of dysphagia (OR, 0.44), and use of dentures (OR, 2.82)., Conclusions: Denture use was associated with food forms among Japanese LTCF residents. This indicates that the use of dentures is related to the maintenance of food forms, even in the elderly who participate in few activities of daily living, have reduced cognitive function, and require long-term care.
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- 2023
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6. Effectiveness of Live Attenuated Varicella-Zoster Vaccine in Adults Older than 50 Years in Japan: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
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Matsumoto K, Ohfuji S, Inohara K, Akechi M, Kumashiro H, Ishibashi M, Irie S, and Hirota Y
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Background : In Japan, freeze-dried live attenuated varicella-zoster vaccine BIKEN is available for adults aged ≥50 years to prevent herpes zoster (HZ). A prospective cohort study of 1200 healthy adults and 300 patients with underlying illness confirmed vaccine safety between 2016 and 2017. However, evidence of vaccine effectiveness (VE) is limited. Methods : VE against HZ and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) was evaluated in the vaccinated cohort of the previous safety study in a follow-up study between 2021 and 2022 and compared with unvaccinated family members. Self-administered questionnaires determined retrospective experiences of HZ and PHN diagnosis. Logistic regression estimated the VE by calculating the outcome odds ratio (OR) in vaccinated vs. unvaccinated groups: VE = (1 - OR) × 100(%). Results : Overall, 1098 vaccinated and 518 unvaccinated subjects were analysed. Between 2016 and 2022, 26 vaccinated (2.4%) and 22 unvaccinated (4.2%) subjects reported HZ diagnosis, and 3 vaccinated (0.3%) and 2 unvaccinated (0.4%) subjects reported PHN. Adjusted VE against a clinical diagnosis was 41% for HZ [-6% to 67%], with marginal significance, and 16% [-408% to 86%] for PHN. Stratification by age, sex, or comorbidities had an adjusted VE against HZ of ~40%, which was similar between strata. Conclusion : Freeze-dried live attenuated varicella-zoster vaccine reduces the risk of HZ regardless of age, sex, or comorbidities.
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- 2023
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7. Pneumonia incidence and oral health management by dental hygienists in long-term care facilities: A 1-year prospective multicentre cohort study.
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Hama K, Iwasa Y, Ohara Y, Iwasaki M, Ito K, Nakajima J, Matsushita T, Tohara T, Sakamoto M, Itoda M, Inohara K, Ozaki Y, Sasaki R, Nishi Y, Tsuneishi M, Furuya J, Watanabe Y, Watanabe Y, Sato Y, and Yoshida M
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- Male, Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dental Hygienists, Long-Term Care, Incidence, Prospective Studies, Cohort Studies, Oral Health, Pneumonia epidemiology, Pneumonia prevention & control
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between oral health management (OHM) by dental hygienists and the occurrence of pneumonia, and determine the effectiveness of OHM in pneumonia prevention., Background: In long-term care facilities in Japan, the need for professional OHM is increasing with an increase in the number of severely debilitated residents., Materials and Methods: A 1-year prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted using data from 504 residents (63 men; mean age: 87.4 ± 7.8 years) in Japanese long-term care facilities. Basic information, medical history, willingness to engage in oral hygiene behaviour, need for OHM and oral conditions were investigated at baseline. In addition, information on the occurrence of pneumonia was collected using a follow-up survey after one year. A Poisson regression analysis with robust standard errors was conducted, with pneumonia as the dependent variable, and factors associated with OHM and pneumonia occurrence as explanatory variables., Results: Overall, 349 (69.2%) residents required OHM by dental hygienists during that year of follow-up. Of those, 238 (68.2%) were provided with OHM, and 18 (7.5%) developed pneumonia. Among the 111 patients (31.8%) who were not provided with OHM, 21 (18.9%) developed pneumonia. The OHM group had lower pneumonia rates than the non-OHM group (prevalence rate ratio: 0.374; 95% CI: 0.210-0.665)., Conclusion: Oral health management by dental hygienists was associated with a lower incidence of pneumonia among residents of long-term care facilities, underlining the importance of professional OHM for such individuals. It is recommended that OHM be practised routinely in long-term care facilities., (© 2021 The Authors. Gerodontology published by Gerodontology Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2022
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8. Acute Prevertebral Abscesses Caused by Bacterial-infected Traumatic Tooth Fractures.
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Matsunaga K, Takemaru M, Yamashiro K, Yoshihara-Hirata C, Inohara K, Shimoe Y, Tanaka A, Kuriyama M, and Takashiba S
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- Abscess drug therapy, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Peri-Implantitis complications, Periodontitis complications, Spinal Diseases drug therapy, Abscess etiology, Bacteremia complications, Spinal Diseases etiology, Tooth Fractures complications
- Abstract
We report a case of acute prevertebral abscess caused by traumatic tooth fractures in a 77-year-old Japanese man. After being transferred to our hospital the patient was initially diagnosed with a neck hematoma; however, blood culture showed Streptococcus parasanguinis, an oral bacterium, and an MRI examination suggested prevertebral abscesses. Tooth fractures, severe periodontitis, and peri-implantitis with Streptococcus parasanguinis were observed. Antibiotics were administered and fractured teeth were extracted. The patient's condition then gradually improved. We concluded that bacteremia caused by traumatic tooth fractures induced the acute prevertebral abscesses., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
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- 2019
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9. Multidisciplinary clinical approach by sharing oral examination information to treat a diabetes patient with dysgeusia.
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Matsunaga K, Yoshida Y, Takemaru M, Yamashiro K, Monden I, Inohara K, Nakagawa S, Maeda E, Nakahama K, Kohriyama T, and Takashiba S
- Abstract
Taste alteration is one of the complications of severe diabetes. It is important in diabetes treatment to assess taste alteration and perform dietary counseling, therapeutic exercise, and oral care. In this case, multidisciplinary clinical approach by medical staff was successful for a severely diabetic patient with dysgeusia., Competing Interests: The authors state that they have no conflict of interest.
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- 2019
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10. Decision making processes based on social conventional rules in early adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorders.
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Komeda H, Osanai H, Yanaoka K, Okamoto Y, Fujioka T, Arai S, Inohara K, Koyasu M, Kusumi T, Takiguchi S, Kawatani M, Kumazaki H, Hiratani M, Tomoda A, and Kosaka H
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- Adolescent, Child, Cognition, Female, Humans, Judgment, Male, Morals, Social Behavior, Autism Spectrum Disorder psychology, Decision Making
- Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by problems with reciprocal social interaction, repetitive behaviours/narrow interests, and impairments in the social cognition and emotional processing necessary for intention-based moral judgements. The aim of this study was to examine the information used by early adolescents with and without ASD when they judge story protagonists as good or bad. We predicted that adolescents with ASD would use protagonists' behaviour, while typically developing (TD) adolescents would use protagonists' characteristics when making the judgements. In Experiment 1, we measured sentence by sentence reading times and percentages for good or bad judgements. In Experiment 2, two story protagonists were presented and the participants determined which protagonist was better or worse. Experiment 1 results showed that the adolescents with ASD used protagonist behaviours and outcomes, whereas the TD adolescents used protagonist characteristics, behaviours, and outcomes. In Experiment 2, TD adolescents used characteristics information when making "bad" judgements. Taken together, in situations in which participants cannot go back and assess (Experiment 1), and in comparable situations in which all information is available (Experiment 2), adolescents with ASD do not rely on information about individual characteristics when making moral judgements.
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- 2016
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11. Altered frontal pole development affects self-generated spatial working memory in ADHD.
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Arai S, Okamoto Y, Fujioka T, Inohara K, Ishitobi M, Matsumura Y, Jung M, Kawamura K, Takiguchi S, Tomoda A, Wada Y, Hiratani M, Matsuura N, and Kosaka H
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- Brain Mapping methods, Case-Control Studies, Child, Female, Frontal Lobe physiopathology, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term physiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Prefrontal Cortex metabolism, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared methods, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity physiopathology, Spatial Navigation physiology
- Abstract
Background: Spatial working memory (SWM) dysfunction is a feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies suggested that behavioral performance in self-generated SWM improves through development in children with and without ADHD. Nevertheless, developmental changes in the neural underpinnings of self-generated SWM are unknown., Method: Using near-infrared spectroscopy, hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was measured in 30 children with ADHD (9.5 ± 1.6 years-old) and 35 TD children (9.0 ± 1.6 years-old) while they performed a self-generated SWM task. We then investigated correlations between age and behavioral performance, and between age and hemodynamic activity in the PFC for each group., Results: Both groups showed a negative correlation with age and number of errors [ADHD: r(28)=-0.37, p=0.040; TD: r(33)=-0.59, p<0.001], indicating that self-generated SWM improves through development. The TD group showed a positive correlation between age and oxygenated hemoglobin in the frontal pole [10ch: r(33)=0.41, p=0.013; 11ch; r(33)=0.44, p=0.008] and bilateral lateral PFC [4ch: r(33)=0.34, p=0.049; 13ch; r(33)=0.54, p=0.001], while no significant correlation was found in the ADHD group. Furthermore, regression slopes for the frontal pole significantly differed between the TD and ADHD groups [10ch: t(61)=2.35, p=0.021; 11ch: t(61)=2.05, p=0.044]., Conclusion: Children with ADHD showed abnormalities in functional maturation of the frontal pole, which plays a role in manipulating and maintaining information associated with self-generated behavior., (Copyright © 2015 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2016
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12. Gazefinder as a clinical supplementary tool for discriminating between autism spectrum disorder and typical development in male adolescents and adults.
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Fujioka T, Inohara K, Okamoto Y, Masuya Y, Ishitobi M, Saito DN, Jung M, Arai S, Matsumura Y, Fujisawa TX, Narita K, Suzuki K, Tsuchiya KJ, Mori N, Katayama T, Sato M, Munesue T, Okazawa H, Tomoda A, Wada Y, and Kosaka H
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- Adolescent, Adult, Area Under Curve, Autism Spectrum Disorder physiopathology, Case-Control Studies, Discriminant Analysis, Humans, Male, Ocular Physiological Phenomena, Photic Stimulation, Psychometrics, ROC Curve, Social Behavior, Time Factors, Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis, Fixation, Ocular physiology
- Abstract
Background: Gaze abnormality is a diagnostic criterion for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, few easy-to-use clinical tools exist to evaluate the unique eye-gaze patterns of ASD. Recently, we developed Gazefinder, an all-in-one eye-tracking system for early detection of ASD in toddlers. Because abnormal gaze patterns have been documented in various ASD age groups, we predicted that Gazefinder might also detect gaze abnormality in adolescents and adults. In this study, we tested whether Gazefinder could identify unique gaze patterns in adolescents and adults with ASD., Methods: We measured the percentage of eye fixation time allocated to particular objects depicted in movies (i.e., eyes and mouth in human face movies, upright and inverted biological motion in movies that presented these stimuli simultaneously, and people and geometry in movies that presented these stimuli simultaneously) by male adolescents and adults with ASD (N = 26) and age-matched males with typical development (TD; N = 35). We compared these percentages between the two groups (ASD and TD) and with scores on the social responsiveness scale (SRS). Further, we conducted discriminant analyses to determine if fixation times allocated to particular objects could be used to discriminate between individuals with and without ASD., Results: Compared with the TD group, the ASD group showed significantly less fixation time at locations of salient social information (i.e., eyes in the movie of human faces without lip movement and people in the movie of people and geometry), while there were no significant groupwise differences in the responses to movies of human faces with lip movement or biological motion. In a within-group correlation analysis, a few of the fixation-time items correlated with SRS, although most of them did not. No items significantly correlated with SRS in both ASD and TD groups. The percentage fixation times to eyes and people, which exhibited large effect sizes for the group difference, could differentiate ASD and TD with a sensitivity of 81.0% and a specificity of 80.0%., Conclusions: These findings suggest that Gazefinder is potentially a valuable and easy-to-use tool for objectively measuring unique gaze patterns and discriminating between ASD and TD in male adolescents and adults.
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- 2016
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13. Sex-different abnormalities in the right second to fourth digit ratio in Japanese individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
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Masuya Y, Okamoto Y, Inohara K, Matsumura Y, Fujioka T, Wada Y, and Kosaka H
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Background: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is higher in men than in women. The extreme male brain theory proposes that excessive prenatal testosterone activity could be a risk factor for ASDs. However, it is unclear whether prenatal sex hormone activity is a risk factor for women. The ratio of the length of the second to fourth digits (2D:4D) is considered to be a biomarker of the prenatal ratio of testosterone to estrogen. Therefore, this study compared the 2D:4D ratios of women with and without ASDs to determine if prenatal sex hormone activity could be a risk factor for ASDs in women., Methods: The study included 35 Japanese men with ASDs, 17 Japanese women with ASDs, 59 typically developed (TD) Japanese men, and 57 TD Japanese women. We measured digit lengths and compared the 2D:4D ratios among the four groups. We also examined the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and the autism-spectrum quotient score of each group., Results: In our cohort, men with ASDs tended to have lower right-hand 2D:4D ratios relative to TD men. In contrast, the right 2D:4D ratios in women with ASDs were higher compared to those of TD women. No significant correlations were found between the 2D:4D ratios and the autism-spectrum quotient scores in any group. The higher right 2D:4D ratios in women could not be explained by age or full-scale intelligent quotients. This group difference was not found for the left 2D:4D or right-left 2D:4D ratios., Conclusions: We found a reverse direction of abnormality in the right 2D:4D ratio for men and women with ASDs. It has been posited that high prenatal testosterone levels lead to a lower 2D:4D ratio. However, a recent animal study showed that testosterone injection to dam leads to a higher right 2D:4D ratio especially for female offspring, which might be mediated by abnormal adipose accumulation in the fingertip. Therefore, the present findings suggest that high prenatal testosterone could be a risk factor both for Japanese men and women with ASDs, elucidating one potential etiology of ASDs in women.
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- 2015
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14. Effects of methylphenidate in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a near-infrared spectroscopy study with CANTAB®.
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Matsuura N, Ishitobi M, Arai S, Kawamura K, Asano M, Inohara K, Fujioka T, Narimoto T, Wada Y, Hiratani M, and Kosaka H
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Background: A wide range of evidence supports the methylphenidate (MPH)-induced enhancement of prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning and improvements in behavioral symptoms in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although working memory (WM) has been hypothesized to be impaired in patients with ADHD, no pharmacological studies have examined visuospatial WM (VSWM) with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)., Study Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the acute effects of MPH on neuropsychological performance and hemodynamic activation in children with ADHD during VSWM tasks., Methods: The subject group included 10 boys and 1 girl previously diagnosed with ADHD. Two VSWM tasks of differing degrees of difficulty were conducted. This is the first study on the pharmacological effects of MPH in children with ADHD to evaluate hemodynamic responses in the PFC with simultaneous NIRS., Results: No significant differences were found in the scores for both spatial working memory (SWM) and score of spatial span (SSP) tasks between the MPH-off and MPH-on conditions. However, a significant MPH-effect on changes in oxy-hemoglobin levels in the PFC was found only in the SWM task., Conclusion: These findings suggest that PFC activation might be affected by MPH, depending on the degree of difficulty of the particular task. Although the MPH-induced change on behavior may or may not be obvious, NIRS measurements might be useful for assessing the psychological effects of MPH even when performance changes were not observed in the cognitive tasks.
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- 2014
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15. Distinguishing between autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by using behavioral checklists, cognitive assessments, and neuropsychological test battery.
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Matsuura N, Ishitobi M, Arai S, Kawamura K, Asano M, Inohara K, Narimoto T, Wada Y, Hiratani M, and Kosaka H
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- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity psychology, Checklist, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive psychology, Cognition, Diagnosis, Differential, Executive Function, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive diagnosis
- Abstract
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) share many common symptoms, including attention deficit, behavioral problems, and difficulties with social skills. The aim of this study was to distinguish between ASD and ADHD by identifying the characteristic features of both the disorders, by using multidimensional assessments, including screening behavioral checklists, cognitive assessments, and comprehensive neurological battery. After screening for comorbid disorders, we carefully selected age-, sex-, IQ-, and socio-economic status-matched children with typical development (TD). In the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children, a lower score was observed for the ASD group than for the TD group in Picture concept, which is a subscale of perceptual reasoning. A lower score was shown by the ADHD group than by the TD group in the spatial working memory test in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB(®)). Although ASD and ADHD have many similar symptoms, they can be differentiated by focusing on the behavioral and cognitive characteristics of executive function., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2014
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16. Default mode network in young male adults with autism spectrum disorder: relationship with autism spectrum traits.
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Jung M, Kosaka H, Saito DN, Ishitobi M, Morita T, Inohara K, Asano M, Arai S, Munesue T, Tomoda A, Wada Y, Sadato N, Okazawa H, and Iidaka T
- Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum traits are postulated to lie on a continuum that extends between individuals with autism and individuals with typical development (TD). Social cognition properties that are deeply associated with autism spectrum traits have been linked to functional connectivity between regions within the brain's default mode network (DMN). Previous studies have shown that the resting-state functional connectivities (rs-FCs) of DMN are low and show negative correlation with the level of autism spectrum traits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is unclear whether individual differences of autism spectrum traits are associated with the strength of rs-FCs of DMN in participants including the general population., Methods: Using the seed-based approach, we investigated the rs-FCs of DMN, particularly including the following two core regions of DMN: the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in 19 young male adults with high-functioning ASD (mean age = 25.3 ± 6.9 years; autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) = 33.4 ± 4.2; full scale IQ (F-IQ) = 109.7 ± 12.4) compared with 21 age- and IQ-matched young male adults from the TD group (mean age = 24.8 ± 4.3 years; AQ = 18.6 ± 5.7; F-IQ = 109.5 ± 8.7). We also analyzed the correlation between the strength of rs-FCs and autism spectrum traits measured using AQ score., Results: The strengths of rs-FCs from core regions of DMN were significantly lower in ASD participants than TD participants. Under multiple regression analysis, the strengths of rs-FCs in brain areas from aMPFC seed showed negative correlation with AQ scores in ASD participants and TD participants., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the strength of rs-FCs in DMN is associated with autism spectrum traits in the TD population as well as patients with ASD, supporting the continuum view. The rs-FCs of DMN may be useful biomarkers for the objective identification of autism spectrum traits, regardless of ASD diagnosis.
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- 2014
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17. Episodic memory retrieval for story characters in high-functioning autism.
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Komeda H, Kosaka H, Saito DN, Inohara K, Munesue T, Ishitobi M, Sato M, and Okazawa H
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Background: The objective of this study was to examine differences in episodic memory retrieval between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) individuals. Previous studies have shown that personality similarities between readers and characters facilitated reading comprehension. Highly extraverted participants read stories featuring extraverted protagonists more easily and judged the outcomes of such stories more rapidly than did less extraverted participants. Similarly, highly neurotic participants judged the outcomes of stories with neurotic protagonists more rapidly than did participants with low levels of neuroticism. However, the impact of the similarity effect on memory retrieval remains unclear. This study tested our 'similarity hypothesis', namely that memory retrieval is enhanced when readers with ASD and TD readers read stories featuring protagonists with ASD and with characteristics associated with TD individuals, respectively., Methods: Eighteen Japanese individuals (one female) with high-functioning ASD (aged 17 to 40 years) and 17 age- and intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched Japanese (one female) TD participants (aged 22 to 40 years) read 24 stories; 12 stories featured protagonists with ASD characteristics, and the other 12 featured TD protagonists. Participants read a single sentence at a time and pressed a spacebar to advance to the next sentence. After reading all 24 stories, they were asked to complete a recognition task about the target sentence in each story., Results: To investigate episodic memory in ASD, we analyzed encoding based on the reading times for and readability of the stories and retrieval processes based on the accuracy of and response times for sentence recognition. Although the results showed no differences between ASD and TD groups in encoding processes, they did reveal inter-group differences in memory retrieval. Although individuals with ASD demonstrated the same level of accuracy as did TD individuals, their patterns of memory retrieval differed with respect to response times., Conclusions: Individuals with ASD more effectively retrieved ASD-congruent than ASD-incongruent sentences, and TD individuals retrieved stories with TD more effectively than stories with ASD protagonists. Thus, similarity between reader and story character had different effects on memory retrieval in the ASD and TD groups.
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- 2013
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18. Beyond disposition: the processing consequences of explicit and implicit invocations of empathy.
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Komeda H, Tsunemi K, Inohara K, Kusumi T, and Rapp DN
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- Adult, Anxiety Disorders psychology, Extraversion, Psychological, Female, Humans, Male, Neuroticism, Persuasive Communication, Self Report, Comprehension, Empathy, Reading
- Abstract
People often report empathizing with the trials and tribulations of others. While some accounts characterize empathy as a general tendency that individuals possess to differing degrees, an alternative, understudied view is that empathy emerges out of similarity-driven matches between potential targets and empathizers. The current project examines whether these matches, even when not explicitly identified, influence experiences of empathy, and whether that empathy has consequences for comprehension experiences. In two experiments, participants read stories describing protagonists as highly extraverted, highly neurotic, or neither; participants' personalities were also measured along these dimensions. Personality scores predicted participants' self-reported empathy for story protagonists, over and above measures of general empathy. Similarity between readers and protagonists also enhanced more subtle evaluations of the events befalling empathic targets. The effects of empathy have important implications for mental simulation, the motivated pursuit of knowledge, and persuasion., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2013
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19. New simple evaluation method of the monosyllable /sa/ using a psychoacoustic system in maxillectomy patients.
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Chowdhury NU, Otomaru T, Murase M, Inohara K, Hattori M, Sumita YI, and Taniguchi H
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Palatal Obturators, Maxilla surgery, Osteotomy rehabilitation, Prosthesis Implantation, Psychoacoustics, Speech, Speech Articulation Tests methods
- Abstract
Purpose: An objective assessment of speech would benefit the prosthetic rehabilitation of maxillectomy patients. This study aimed to establish a simple, objective evaluation of monosyllable /sa/ utterances in maxillectomy patients by using a psychoacoustic system typically used in industry., Materials and Methods: This study comprised two experiments. Experiment 1 involved analysis of the psychoacoustic parameters (loudness, sharpness and roughness) in monosyllable /sa/ utterances by 18 healthy subjects (9 males, 9 females). The utterances were recorded in a sound-treated room. The coefficient of variation (CV) for each parameter was compared to identify the most suitable parameter for objective evaluation of speech. Experiment 2 involved analysis of /sa/ utterances by 18 maxillectomy patients (9 males, 9 females) with and without prosthesis, and comparisons of the psychoacoustic data between the healthy subjects and maxillectomy patients without prosthesis, between the maxillectomy patients with and without prosthesis, and between the healthy subjects and maxillectomy patients with prosthesis., Results: The CV for sharpness was the lowest among the three psychoacoustic parameters in both the healthy males and females. There were significant differences in the sharpness of /sa/ between the healthy subjects and the maxillectomy patients without prosthesis (but not with prosthesis), and between the maxillectomy patients with and without prosthesis., Conclusion: We found that the psychoacoustic parameters typically adopted in industrial research could also be applied to evaluate the psychoacoustics of the monosyllable /sa/ utterance, and distinguished the monosyllable /sa/ in maxillectomy patients with an obturator from that without an obturator using the system., (Copyright © 2010 Japan Prosthodontic Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2011
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20. Standardization of thresholding for binary conversion of vocal tract modeling in computed tomography.
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Inohara K, Sumita YI, Ohbayashi N, Ino S, Kurabayashi T, Ifukube T, and Taniguchi H
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- Adipose Tissue diagnostic imaging, Aged, Female, Humans, Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods, Male, Maxilla surgery, Middle Aged, Models, Anatomic, Mouth Mucosa diagnostic imaging, Osteotomy, Postoperative Complications diagnostic imaging, Plastic Surgery Procedures, Reference Standards, Regression Analysis, Resins, Synthetic, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Head and Neck Neoplasms surgery, Imaging, Three-Dimensional standards, Speech Disorders diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed standards, Vocal Cords diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Postoperative head and neck cancer patients suffer from speech disorders, which are the result of changes in their vocal tracts. Making a solid vocal tract model and measuring its transmission characteristics will provide one of the most useful tools to resolve the problem. In binary conversion of X-ray computed tomographic (CT) images for vocal tract reconstruction, nonobjective methods have been used by many researchers. We hypothesized that a standardized vocal tract model could be reconstructed by adopting the Hounsfield number of fat tissue as a criterion for thresholding of binary conversion, because its Hounsfield number is the nearest to air in the human body. The purpose of this study was to establish a new standardized method for binary conversion in reconstructing three-dimensional (3-D) vocal tract models. CT images for postoperative diagnosis were secondarily obtained from a CT scanner. Each patient's minimum settings of Hounsfield number for the buccal fat-pad regions were measured. Thresholds were set every 50 Hounsfield units (HU) from the bottom line of the buccal fat-pad region to -1024 HU, the images were converted into binary values, and were evaluated according to the three-grade system based on anatomically defined criteria. The optimal threshold between tissue and air was determined by nonlinear multiple regression analyses. Each patient's minimum settings of the buccal fat-pad regions were obtained. The optimal threshold was determined to be -165 HU from each patient's minimum settings of the Hounsfield number for the buccal fat-pad regions. To conclude, a method of 3-D standardized vocal tract modeling was established., (Copyright (c) 2010 The Voice Foundation. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Investigation of the factors influencing the outcome of prostheses on speech rehabilitation of mandibulectomy patients.
- Author
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Hagino A, Inohara K, Sumita YI, and Taniguchi H
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tongue physiology, Dental Prosthesis, Mandible surgery, Speech physiology
- Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the outcome of prostheses on speech rehabilitation of mandibulectomy patients., Methods: Eleven patients (6 males and 5 females) who underwent mandibulectomy without glossectomy because of a tumor participated in the study. A Speech Intelligibility (SI) test was applied without and with a prosthesis to evaluate their speech ability. The type of resection, whether soft tissue grafting was undertaken or not, the continuity of mandibular bone, and the number of remaining teeth related to the stability of the prosthesis were determined from the medical records. The some of acoustic features, Formant 1 and Formant 2 range, were investigated to evaluate objectively the limitation of tongue movement. Five questionnaires were sent out to evaluate subjectively the difference in sense of discomfort while speaking with and without the prosthesis. These eleven items were entered into stepwise multiple regression models to determine the predictors of the differences in SI score without and with a prosthesis., Results: Three variables, the ease of tongue movements, whether soft tissue grafting was undertaken or not, and whether the mandibular bone was continuous or not, contributed to the recovery of speech ability with prosthodontic treatment., Conclusion: The ease of tongue movement, no soft tissue grafting, and the continuity of mandibular bone contribute to the recovery of speech ability with prosthodontic treatment.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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