85 results on '"Inostroza, L."'
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2. White Clover (Trifolium repens L.) Germplasm Selection for Abiotic Stress Tolerance from Naturalized Populations Collected in the Southern Regions of Chile
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Acuña, H., Inostroza, L., Pinochet, D., Balocchi, O., Ortega, F., Romero, O., López, I., Seguel, I., Tapia, G., Torres, A., Teuber, N., Galdames, R., Rebuffo, M., Roldán-Ruiz, Isabel, editor, Baert, Joost, editor, and Reheul, Dirk, editor
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- 2016
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3. From urban climate to energy consumption. Enhancing building performance simulation by including the urban heat island effect
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Palme, M., Inostroza, L., Villacreses, G., Lobato-Cordero, Andrea, and Carrasco, C.
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- 2017
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4. Grain Dependent Growth of Bright Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
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Mendelson N, Morales-Inostroza L, Li C, Ritika R, Nguyen MAP, Loyola-Echeverria J, Kim S, Götzinger S, Toth M, and Aharonovich I
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0205 Optical Physics, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0912 Materials Engineering - Abstract
© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH Point defects in hexagonal boron nitride have emerged as a promising quantum light source due to their bright and photostable room temperature emission. In this work, the incorporation of quantum emitters during chemical vapor deposition growth on a nickel substrate is studied. Combining a range of characterization techniques, it is demonstrated that the incorporation of quantum emitters is limited to (001) oriented nickel grains. Such emitters display improved emission properties in terms of brightness and stability. These emitters are further utilized and integrated with a compact optical antenna enhancing light collection from the sources. The hybrid device yields average saturation count rates of ≈2.9 × 106 cps and an average photon purity of g(2)(0) ≈ 0.1. The results advance the understanding of single photon emitter incorporation during chemical vapor deposition growth and demonstrate a key step towards compact devices for achieving maximum collection efficiency.
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- 2020
5. Physiological and yield responses of recombinant chromosome substitution lines of barley to terminal drought in a Mediterranean-type environment
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del Pozo, A., Castillo, D., Inostroza, L., Matus, I., Méndez, A. M., and Morcuende, R.
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- 2012
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6. Efficiency evaluation of activated sludge treatments of wastewater from fiber board manufacturing
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Diez M. C., Inostroza L, and Ramírez S.
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- 1996
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7. POSITIVE ATTITUDE FACILITATES GLUCOSE CONTROL IN TYPE 2 DIABETES
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pAlvarez D Flores C Garcia M Inostroza L PauloMontenegro M and Maliqueo Mp
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Fatty acid ,Transporter ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2018
8. Analytical model for polarization-dependent light propagation in waveguide arrays and applications
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Rojas-Rojas, S., Morales-Inostroza, L., Naether, U., Xavier, G.B., Nolte, S., Szameit, A., Vicencio, R.A., Lima, G., Delgado, A., and Publica
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Physics::Optics - Abstract
We study the polarization properties of elliptical femtosecond-laser-written waveguide arrays. An analytical model is presented to explain the asymmetry of the spatial transverse profiles of linearly polarized modes in these waveguides. This asymmetry produces a polarization-dependent coupling coefficient, between adjacent waveguides, which strongly affects the propagation of light in a lattice. Our analysis explains how this effect can be exploited to tune the final intensity distribution of light propagated through the array and links the properties of a polarizing beam splitter in integrated optical circuits to the geometry of the waveguides.
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- 2017
9. Factores asociados a morbilidad precoz en cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica
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Álvaro Zúñiga D, Rodrigo Miguieles C, Daniella Espínola M, Felipe Bellolio R, Gonzalo Inostroza L, José Gellona V, José M Zúñiga A, Tomás Larach K., Gonzalo Urrejola S, and María E Molina P
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Univariate analysis ,Multivariate analysis ,business.industry ,Rectum ,Retrospective cohort study ,laparoscópica ,Logistic regression ,Colorectal surgery ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Sigmoidectomy ,medicine ,Diverticular disease ,factores de riesgo ,morbilidad ,business ,Colorrectal - Abstract
Introducción: Se han descrito factores que se asocian a mayor riesgo de complicaciones en cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar estos factores en nuestra serie. Método: Cohorte histórica. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica entre enero de 2000 y junio de 2012. Se identificaron los pacientes que tuvieron complicaciones post operatorias hasta 30 días después de la operación. Se analizaron mediante regresión logística uni y multivariada. Se utilizó como criterio de entrada al modelo multivariado los p < 0,2 y como criterio de significancia un p = 0,05. Resultados: La serie consta de 848 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 58 ± 22 años. Las principales indicaciones operatorias fueron: neoplasia (42,3%), enfermedad diverticular (27,8%) y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (8,8%). Las operaciones realizadas con mayor frecuencia fueron: sigmoidectomía (39,5%), resección anterior de recto (13,4%), hemicolectomía derecha (13%) y colectomía total (8,7%). En el análisis univariado, los factores asociados a complicación fueron: la edad sobre 75 años (OR de 1,82; IC 95% 1,02-3,25) y la transfusión de glóbulos rojos (OR 8,47; IC 95% 3,69-19,43). En el análisis multivariado, la transfusión de glóbulos rojos (OR 7,9 95% IC 1,78-35,88) y el ASA III o IV (OR 3,26 95% IC 1,01-17,23) fueron factores de riesgo independientes de complicaciones en el postoperatorio. Conclusión: La necesidad de transfusión y el ASA III o IV son factores de riesgo independientes asociados a complicaciones en cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica.
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- 2013
10. WITHDRAWN: El recuento linfonodal total es un factor pronóstico de sobrevida de los pacientes con cáncer de colon etapa II
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Inostroza L., Gonzalo, Moisan, Francisco, Molina P., Maria Elena, Urrejola S., Gonzalo, Caselli M., Gino, Bellolio R., Felipe, Zuñiga D., Alvaro, Pinedo M., George, and Orellana P., Matías
- Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
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- 2024
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11. Observation of localized ground and excited orbitals in graphene photonic ribbons
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Cantillano, C, primary, Mukherjee, S, additional, Morales-Inostroza, L, additional, Real, B, additional, Cáceres-Aravena, G, additional, Hermann-Avigliano, C, additional, Thomson, R R, additional, and Vicencio, R A, additional
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- 2018
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12. Localized Ground and Excited States in a Photonic Graphene Ribbon
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Vicencio, R. A., primary, Cantillano, C., additional, Mukherjee, S., additional, Morales-Inostroza, L., additional, Real, B., additional, Cáceres-Aravena, G., additional, Hermann-Avigliano, C., additional, and Thomson, R.R., additional
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- 2018
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13. Quantum localized states in photonic flat-band lattices
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Rojas-Rojas, S., primary, Morales-Inostroza, L., additional, Vicencio, R. A., additional, and Delgado, A., additional
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- 2017
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14. Urban weather data and building models for the inclusion of the urban heat island effect in building performance simulation
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Palme, M., primary, Inostroza, L., additional, Villacreses, G., additional, Lobato, A., additional, and Carrasco, C., additional
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- 2017
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15. Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage for acute diverticulitis
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Felipe Bellolio R, Álvaro Zúñiga D, Gonzalo Inostroza L, Gonzalo Urrejola S, George Pinedo M, Gino Caselli M, María Elena Molina R, and Cristóbal Silva C
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First episode ,High rate ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Percutaneous ,Acute diverticulitis ,business.industry ,peritoneal lavage ,Less invasive ,Diverticulitis aguda ,laparoscopia ,laparoscopic surgery ,Surgery ,Conversion to open surgery ,Open Surgical Procedure ,medicine ,lavado peritoneal ,In patient ,business ,Diverticulitis - Abstract
Introducción: Tradicionalmente, el manejo quirúrgico de Ia diverticulitis aguda complicada (DAC) ha sido Ia operación de Hartmann. Sin embargo, ésta presenta tasas de morbilidad de 59% y mortalidad hasta de 12%. Han aparecido algunos procedimientos no resectivos con algunas ventajas operatorias y que evitarían Ia confección de una ostomia. Objetivo: Analizar resultados quirúrgicos de una serie de pacientes con DAC sometidos a lavado peritoneal sin resección por via laparoscópica (LPL). Pacientes y Métodos: Serie de registro prospectiva de siete pacientes, que ingresaron con diagnóstico de DAC Hinchey II en que no fue posible el drenaje percutáneo de Ias colecciones y pacientes categorizados como Hinchey III, operados entre octubre de 2008 y noviembre de 2010. Resultados: Cuatro pacientes eran de sexo masculino. La edad media fue de 49 años, con un IMC de 30,3 kg/m². Todos Ios pacientes ingresaron con su primer episodio de DA. El tiempo operatorio fue de 55 ± 28 minutos. No hubo necesidad de ostomía ni conversión. Dos pacientes presentaron complicaciones que requirieron de nuevos procedimientos durante su estadía. El tiempo de reposo digestivo fue de 2 ± 1 días y Ia duración del esquema antibiótico fue de 14 ± 4 días. La estadía hospitalaria fue de 8 ± 4 días. Conclusiones: El LPL representa una alternativa al manejo quirúrgico tradicional. Las ventajas teóricas son bajas tasas de morbimortalidad, estadía hospitalaria más corta y sin Ia eventual necesidad teórica de una ostomía. Esta técnica requiere ser validada en el contexto de un estudio aleatorizado con claridad en criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Background: The usual surgical management of acute diverticulitis is Hartmann operation that is associated with high rates of complications and mortality. Recently, less invasive procedures, that avoid ostomies have been proposed as treatment, Alm: To analyze the results of laparoscopic peritoneal lavage in patients with acute diverticulitis. Material and Methods: Prospective analysis of seven patients age 25 to 61 years (four males) admitted for a first episode of acute diverticulitis classified as Hinchey II or III, in whom a percutaneous drainage of collections was not possible. All were subjected to a laparoscopic peritoneal lavage and debridement. Results: The mean body mass index of patients was 30.3 kg/m². Operative time was 55 ± 28 min and there was no need for ostomies or conversion to open surgery. Two patients had complications. One required a percutaneous drainage of a collection and other required an open surgical procedure for peritoneal lavage. Patients stayed with nil per os for 2 ± 1 days, required antimicrobials for 14 ± 4 days and stayed in the hospital for 8 ± 4 days. Conclusions: Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage is a good alternative surgical procedure for the treatment of acute diverticulitis.
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- 2012
16. Análisis de los factores predictivos de conversión en cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal
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María E Molina P, Gino Caselli M, Ximena Meneses C, Felipe Bellolio R, Gonzalo Urrejola S, Álvaro Zúñiga D, Mónica Martínez M, Gonzalo Inostroza L, and George Pinedo M
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Cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal ,factores predictivos ,Surgery ,conversión - Abstract
Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo para la conversión en la cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal. Material y Método: Se revisó la base de datos prospectiva de cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal, desde 1998 a 2010. Se analizaron las variables: sexo, edad, ASA, IMC, presencia de cirugía abdominal previa, procedimiento electivo/urgencia, patología benigna/maligna, tipo de resección y experiencia del cirujano. Se realizó un análisis uni y multivariado. Para determinar las variables predictivas de conversión, la totalidad de estas fueron incluidas en un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: De un total de 621 pacientes consecutivos, la serie se compuso de 582 pacientes (hombres: 45%, edad promedio: 56,3 años) Tasa de conversión 7,1%. El modelo de regresión logística seleccionó tres variables como predictivas de conversión: IMC > 25 kg/m² (OR 4,88; IC95% 2,40-9,92), cirugía por cáncer (OR 2,12; IC95% 1,11-4,29) y sexo masculino (OR 2,30; IC95% 1,14-4,65). No fueron predictivas de conversión: edad, comorbilidades, experiencia del cirujano, tipo de procedimiento, ni cirugía previa. La calibración del modelo fue satisfactoria, al igual que su capacidad de discriminación (ABC ROC = 0,766). Conclusiones: En este estudio el IMC sobre 25 kg/m², el sexo masculino y las resecciones por cáncer son factores predictivos independientes de conversión. Este modelo predictivo mostró una calibración satisfactoria, asociada a una capacidad de discriminación acertada para el evento en estudio.
- Published
- 2011
17. Pilonidal cyst abscess: Definitive treatment in a single time during the acute, short-term results
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Pablo Mariangel P, Pía Yussem R, Gonzalo Inostroza L, María José Yussem R, Eduardo García M, and Andrea Salazar U
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Pilonidal disease ,Mc Fee technique ,técnica de Mc Fee ,one stage treatment ,marsupialización ,seguimiento ,Quiste Pilonidal ,Surgery - Abstract
La enfermedad pilonidal sacrococcigea (EPSC) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que cursa con períodos intercurrentes de abscedación. La conducta habitual es el manejo en dos tiempos, caracterizado por drenaje y manejo diferido mediante distintas técnicas. Objetivo: Mostrar los resultados del tratamiento definitivo en un tiempo en la EPSC abscedada mediante la técnica de Mc Fee. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal con recolección prospectiva de datos. 20 pacientes con EPSC abscedada en el Hospital de Los Ángeles, entre abril de 2009 - abril de 2010, sometidos a técnica de Mc Fee como tratamiento definitivo. Seguimiento promedio de 197 días. Resultados: Total 20 pacientes, 11 de sexo femenino. Edad promedio 28,2 años. IMC 27,5. La hospitalización promedio fue de 1,7 días. El tiempo promedio de caminata sin dolor 6,6 días. El dolor postoperatorio fue bajo en la mayoría de los sujetos. El tiempo de curación total 34,9 días promedio. La satisfacción con la cicatriz, alta en 90%. Discusión y Conclusión: En este trabajo la técnica de Mc Fee se presenta como una alternativa para el tratamiento definitivo en un solo tiempo mostrando resultados satisfactorios en todos los ámbitos, como son dolor, recuperación posoperatoria, complicaciones y resultado estético. El seguimiento debe prolongarse para determinar la existencia de recidivas. Sacrococcigeal Pilonidal disease (EPSC) is a chronic inflammatory disease with intercurrent periods of abscess formation. Habitual behavior is the management in two stages, characterized by drainage and delayed management using different techniques. Objective: To show the treatment in a single time (definitive) of the EPSC abscessed with the technique of Mc Fee. Materials and Methods: Prospective study. 20 patients with abscessed EPSC were admitted in the Hospital of Los Angeles, between april 2009 - april 2010, who underwent Mc Fee technique as definitive treatment. Average follow up of 197 days. Results: Of 20 patients, 11 were females. Average age 28.2 years. BMI 27.5. The average hospital stay was 1.7 days. The average time walk without pain was of 6.6 days. Postoperative pain was low in most subjects. The total healing time was 34.9 days on average. The satisfaction with the scar was high in 90%. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study the technique of Mc Fee is presented as an alternative for definitive treatment in a single time. Success in all areas, such pain, postoperative recovery, complications and cosmetic out come. The follow up must be longer to determine the existence of long term recurrences.
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- 2011
18. WITHDRAWN: El recuento linfonodal total es un factor pronóstico de sobrevida de los pacientes con cáncer de colon etapa II
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Inostroza L., Gonzalo, primary, Moisan, Francisco, additional, Molina P., Maria Elena, additional, Urrejola S., Gonzalo, additional, Caselli M., Gino, additional, Bellolio R., Felipe, additional, Zuñiga D., Alvaro, additional, Pinedo M., George, additional, and Orellana P., Matías, additional
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- 2016
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19. Different combinations of morpho-physiological traits are responsible for tolerance to drought in wild tomatoes Solanum chilense and Solanum peruvianum
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Tapia, G., primary, Méndez, J., additional, and Inostroza, L., additional
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- 2015
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20. Efficiency evaluation of activated sludge treatments of wastewater from fiber board manufacturing
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Inostroza L, S Ramírez, and María Cristina Diez
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Powdered activated carbon treatment ,Suspended solids ,Hydraulic retention time ,Bioengineering ,General Medicine ,Pulp and paper industry ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Activated sludge ,Wastewater ,Bioreactor ,Environmental science ,Sewage treatment ,Effluent ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Wastewater from fiber board manufacture consisting in a mixture of Pinus radiata, Eucaliptus globulus and Laureliopsis phillipiana (tepa) (3:1:1) has been studied in laboratory scale activated sludge reactors with organic load rate range of 50–1700 gCOD/m3.d. A stable operation at high organic load rate with hydraulic retention time of one day was achieved. Purification efficiencies up to 90 % of COD removal could be achieved in an activated sludge treatment of fiber board wastewater working with 1 day HRT for wood log cooking wastewater and with 4 days HRT when glueing wastewater is added to the cooking wastewater treatment. Suspended solids, color and phenol concentration were negligible in the efluent of the activated sludge system.
- Published
- 1996
21. Exactitud de la endosonografía rectal en la estadificación tumoral en pacientes con cáncer de recto sin quimio-radioterapia preoperatoria
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Urrejola S, Gonzalo, Gellona V, José, Pulgar B, Dahiana, Espínola M, Daniella, Inostroza L, Gonzalo, Bellolio R, Felipe, Zúñiga D, Alvaro, Miguieles C, Rodrigo, Pinedo M, George, and Molina P, María E
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exactitud ,accuracy ,Endosonografía rectal ,cáncer de recto ,Endoscopic ultrasonography ,rectal cancer - Abstract
Introducción: La estadificación tumoral (T) preoperatoria es esencial para el tratamiento del cáncer de recto. La endosonografía rectal (ER) es una de las modalidades disponibles. La exactitud de esta técnica para la estadificación tumoral es variable en la literatura, y se sospecha que esta inconsistencia se debe a la neoadyuvancia, por el descenso de estadio que esta produce. Objetivo: Analizar la exactitud de la endosonografía rectal para la estadificación tumoral en pacientes con cáncer de recto medio o inferior que no hayan recibido neoadyuvancia. Material y Método: Se estudió a los pacientes sometidos a endosonografía rectal entre los años 2001-2009 en el Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. De un total de 2.120 pacientes, 294 fueron evaluados por cáncer de recto en tercio medio o inferior. Se analizó el examen de aquellos que no recibieron quimio-radioterapia preoperatoria y se encontraba disponible la anatomía patológica para su comparación. Resultados: Se obtuvo información de 69 pacientes. La exactitud global del examen para la determinación del T fue 85%. Para la determinación de T1 los valores de sensibilidad, especificidad y exactitud fueron 82%, 96% y 94% respectivamente. Para T2 los valores de sensibilidad, especificad y exactitud fueron 72%, 83% y 78% respectivamente. Para T3 los valores de sensibilidad, especificidad y exactitud fueron 82%, 83% y 83% respectivamente. Conclusión: La endosonografía rectal sigue siendo un valioso examen para la determinación de la profundidad de invasión tumoral en cáncer de recto con una exactitud global de 85%. Introduction: Preoperative T staging of rectal cancer is essential for an adequate treatment strategy. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is one of the available modalities. The reported accuracy of this technique for T staging is variable. This inconsistency might be due to neoadyuvancy, and its downstaging properties. Aim: Determine the accuracy of rectal EUS for T staging of middle and lower rectal tumors in patients not treated with neoadyuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Clinical records of all consecutive patients evaluated by rectal EUS between years 2001-2009 in the Catholic University Clinical Hospital were accessed. Of 2.120 patients, 294 had the exam performed for middle or lower rectal cancer. Those who did not receive neoadyuvant chemo-radiation and whose histopathology was available were analyzed. Result: Data was obtained for 69 patients. The overall accuracy of EUS for T staging was 85%. For T1 tumors, the sensibility, specificity and accuracy were 82%, 96% and 94% respectively. For T2 tumors the sensibility, specificity and accuracy were 72%, 83% and 78 respectively. For T3 tumors the sensibility, specificity and accuracy were 82%, 83% and 83% respectively. Conclusion: Rectal EUS continues to be a valuable staging procedure for tumor depth invasion, with an overall accuracy of 85%.
- Published
- 2012
22. Análisis de los factores predictivos de conversión en cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal
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INOSTROZA L, GONZALO, URREJOLA S, GONZALO, CASELLI M, GINO, MOLINA P, MARÍA E, BELLOLIO R, FELIPE, ZÚÑIGA D, ÁLVARO, MENESES C, XIMENA, MARTÍNEZ M, MÓNICA, and PINEDO M, GEORGE
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Cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal ,predictive factors ,Laparoscopic colorectal surgery ,factores predictivos ,conversion ,conversión - Abstract
Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo para la conversión en la cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal. Material y Método: Se revisó la base de datos prospectiva de cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal, desde 1998 a 2010. Se analizaron las variables: sexo, edad, ASA, IMC, presencia de cirugía abdominal previa, procedimiento electivo/urgencia, patología benigna/maligna, tipo de resección y experiencia del cirujano. Se realizó un análisis uni y multivariado. Para determinar las variables predictivas de conversión, la totalidad de estas fueron incluidas en un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: De un total de 621 pacientes consecutivos, la serie se compuso de 582 pacientes (hombres: 45%, edad promedio: 56,3 años) Tasa de conversión 7,1%. El modelo de regresión logística seleccionó tres variables como predictivas de conversión: IMC > 25 kg/m² (OR 4,88; IC95% 2,40-9,92), cirugía por cáncer (OR 2,12; IC95% 1,11-4,29) y sexo masculino (OR 2,30; IC95% 1,14-4,65). No fueron predictivas de conversión: edad, comorbilidades, experiencia del cirujano, tipo de procedimiento, ni cirugía previa. La calibración del modelo fue satisfactoria, al igual que su capacidad de discriminación (ABC ROC = 0,766). Conclusiones: En este estudio el IMC sobre 25 kg/m², el sexo masculino y las resecciones por cáncer son factores predictivos independientes de conversión. Este modelo predictivo mostró una calibración satisfactoria, asociada a una capacidad de discriminación acertada para el evento en estudio. Background: Conversion to open surgery of laparoscopic procedures is not in essence a complication, but invalidates the benefits of laparoscopy. Aim: To identify the predictive factors for conversion in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Material and Methods: Revision of medical records of all patients with colorectal disease operated using a laparoscopic approach, from 1998 to 2010. Gender, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, body mass index (BMI), previous abdominal surgery, elective/urgency procedure, benign/malignant disease, type of resection and surgeon experience were recorded. A logistic regression model was done to determine which variables were predictive for conversion to open surgery. Results: The medical records of 582 patients aged 57 ± 17 years (45% men) were analyzed. The rate of conversion to open surgery was 7.1%. The logistic regression model selected as predictors of conversion a BMI over 25 kg/m² (odds ratio (OR) 4.9, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.4 to 9.9), cancer surgery (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.3) and male sex (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.14 to 4.65). The receiver operating curve (ROC) of the model had an are under the curve of 0.766 with 95% CI of 0.69 to 0.84). Conclusions: A BMI over 25 kg/m², male sex and the resection of a malignant tumor were predictive factors for conversion to open surgery.
- Published
- 2011
23. Cirugía en mayores de 80 años: Evolución clínica y costos asociados
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Juan Carlos Molina F, Attila Csendes J, Stephanie Kobrich S, Gonzalo Inostroza L, and Hanns Lembach J
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Surgery ,Octogenarios ,cirugía ,análisis de costos - Abstract
Introducción: Los octogenarios son un grupo demográficamente emergente, que han generado cambios en la epidemiología del paciente quirúrgico, asociándose a mayores tasas de complicaciones, mortalidad y costos de atención. Objetivo: Estudiar el perfil clínico y costos de hospitalización de los pacientes octogenarios atendidos el año 2007 en nuestro departamento de cirugía. Material y Método: Revisión retrospectiva de los registros clínicos de pacientes quirúrgicos mayores de 80 años durante el año 2007. Se analizó la presentación clínica, tratamiento quirúrgico, evolución postoperatoria y status funcional (escala KATZ) al ingreso y alta. Se analizó además los costos asociados a la hospitalización y tratamiento. Resultados: Serie de 115 pacientes con edad promedio de 83,7 años. Un 89,5% presentaron comorbilidades y 85,2% cirugías previas. Al ingreso un 87,7% eran autovalentes (KATZ A-B). El diagnóstico quirúrgico más frecuente fue Hernia (16,87%). Un 29,5% se intervino de urgencia. La estadía total promedio fue 10,6 días, requiriendo un 47% de los pacientes Unidad de Pacientes Críticos (UPC). Un 20% sufrió complicaciones (principalmente delirium), 7,8% requirió reintervención, y dos pacientes fallecieron. Un 26,7% presentó deterioro funcional al alta. El costo de hospitalización fue 3,75 veces mayor en los complicados, 3,1 veces mayor en los re-operados, 3,69 veces mayor en los que requirieron UPC, y 1,77 veces mayor en los ASA III-IV respecto a los I-II. Conclusión: Las complicaciones fueron en su mayoría no-quirúrgicas asociándose a hospitalizaciones prolongadas y de alto costo económico, con alta tasa de permanencia en UPC. Los factores asociados a mayor costo fueron complicación postoperatoria, re-operación, estadía prolongada en UPC y ASA III-IV.
- Published
- 2010
24. Cirugía en mayores de 80 años: Evolución clínica y costos asociados
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CSENDES J, ATTILA, LEMBACH J, HANNS, MOLINA F, JUAN C, INOSTROZA L, GONZALO, and KÖBRICH S, STEPHANIE
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surgery ,complications ,Octogenarian ,Octogenarios ,cirugía ,análisis de costos - Abstract
Introducción: Los octogenarios son un grupo demográficamente emergente, que han generado cambios en la epidemiología del paciente quirúrgico, asociándose a mayores tasas de complicaciones, mortalidad y costos de atención. Objetivo: Estudiar el perfil clínico y costos de hospitalización de los pacientes octogenarios atendidos el año 2007 en nuestro departamento de cirugía. Material y Método: Revisión retrospectiva de los registros clínicos de pacientes quirúrgicos mayores de 80 años durante el año 2007. Se analizó la presentación clínica, tratamiento quirúrgico, evolución postoperatoria y status funcional (escala KATZ) al ingreso y alta. Se analizó además los costos asociados a la hospitalización y tratamiento. Resultados: Serie de 115 pacientes con edad promedio de 83,7 años. Un 89,5% presentaron comorbilidades y 85,2% cirugías previas. Al ingreso un 87,7% eran autovalentes (KATZ A-B). El diagnóstico quirúrgico más frecuente fue Hernia (16,87%). Un 29,5% se intervino de urgencia. La estadía total promedio fue 10,6 días, requiriendo un 47% de los pacientes Unidad de Pacientes Críticos (UPC). Un 20% sufrió complicaciones (principalmente delirium), 7,8% requirió reintervención, y dos pacientes fallecieron. Un 26,7% presentó deterioro funcional al alta. El costo de hospitalización fue 3,75 veces mayor en los complicados, 3,1 veces mayor en los re-operados, 3,69 veces mayor en los que requirieron UPC, y 1,77 veces mayor en los ASA III-IV respecto a los I-II. Conclusión: Las complicaciones fueron en su mayoría no-quirúrgicas asociándose a hospitalizaciones prolongadas y de alto costo económico, con alta tasa de permanencia en UPC. Los factores asociados a mayor costo fueron complicación postoperatoria, re-operación, estadía prolongada en UPC y ASA III-IV. Background: Old age is a negative prognostic factor among patients subjected to surgical procedures. Aim: To assess the clinical profile and hospital stay costs among patients aged 80 years or more in a surgical department. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of 115 surgical patients aged 84 ± 4 years (67% males), hospitalized during 2007. Clinical presentation, surgical treatment, functional status on admission and discharge and hospitalization costs, was analyzed. Results: Ninety percent of patients had associated diseases and 83% had previous surgical procedures. On admission, 88% of patients had a normal functional status. Hernia was the most common surgical diagnosis in 17%. Thirty percent required emergency surgery. Mean hospital stay was 11 days, 47% required admission to the critical patients unit, 20% had complications, 8% required a second operation and two patients died. At discharge, 27% had a functional impairment. Hospitalization costs were 3.8 times greater among those that had complications, 3.1 times higher among those that required a second intervention and 1.8 times higher among those classified as III or IV according to American Surgical Association physical status classification, compared with those classified as I or II. Conclusions: Surgical patients aged more than 80 years, are more prone to complications and their hospitalization costs are higher.
- Published
- 2010
25. Analytical model for polarization-dependent light propagation in waveguide arrays and applications
- Author
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Rojas-Rojas, S., primary, Morales-Inostroza, L., additional, Naether, U., additional, Xavier, G. B., additional, Nolte, S., additional, Szameit, A., additional, Vicencio, R. A., additional, Lima, G., additional, and Delgado, A., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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26. Factores asociados a morbilidad precoz en cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica
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Gellona V, José, primary, Miguieles C, Rodrigo, additional, Espínola M, Daniella, additional, Urrejola S, Gonzalo, additional, Molina P, María E, additional, Inostroza L, Gonzalo, additional, Zúñiga A, José M, additional, Larach K, Tomás, additional, Bellolio R, Felipe, additional, and Zúñiga D, Álvaro, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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27. Different combinations of morpho-physiological traits are responsible for tolerance to drought in wild tomatoes Solanum chilense and Solanum peruvianum.
- Author
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Tapia, G., Méndez, J., Inostroza, L., and Riederer, M.
- Subjects
DROUGHT tolerance ,GROWING season ,TOMATO genetics ,PLANT evolution ,PLANT species ,GENE expression in plants - Abstract
Herbaceous species can modify leaf structure during the growing season in response to drought stress and water loss. Evolution can select combinations of traits in plants for efficient water use in restricted environments. We investigated plant traits that mediate adaptation and acclimation to water stress in two herbaceous drought-tolerant species. Anatomical, morphological and physiological traits related to stems and leaves were examined under optimal watering ( OW) and a long period of restricted watering ( RW) in 11 accessions from three Solanaceae species ( Solanum chilense, S. peruvianum and S. lycopersicum). The relationships between these traits were tested using linear regression and PCA. There were significant differences in anatomical traits between the species under both OW and RW, where leaf area correlated with stem diameter. Proline and total carbohydrates accumulated highly in S. chilense and S. peruvianum, respectively, and these osmolytes were strongly correlated with increased osmotic potential. Stomatal density varied between species but not between acclimation treatments, while stomatal rate was significantly higher in wild tomatoes. There was a strong positive relationship between stem growth rate and a group of traits together expressed as total stomatal number. Total stomata is described by integration of leaf area, stomatal density, height and internode length. It is proposed that constitutive adaptations and modifications through acclimation that mediate RW play an important role in tolerance to drought stress in herbaceous plants. The capacity for growth under drought stress was not associated with any single combination of traits in wild tomatoes, since the two species differed in relative levels of expression of various phenotypic traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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28. Exactitud de la endosonografía rectal en la estadificación tumoral en pacientes con cáncer de recto sin quimio-radioterapia preoperatoria
- Author
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Urrejola S, Gonzalo, primary, Gellona V, José, additional, Pulgar B, Dahiana, additional, Espínola M, Daniella, additional, Inostroza L, Gonzalo, additional, Bellolio R, Felipe, additional, Zúñiga D, Alvaro, additional, Miguieles C, Rodrigo, additional, Pinedo M, George, additional, and Molina P, María E, additional
- Published
- 2012
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29. Drenaje laparoscópico de Ia diverticulitis aguda complicada Hinchey II y III
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CASELLI M, GINO, primary, INOSTROZA L, GONZALO, additional, SILVA C, CRISTÓBAL, additional, URREJOLA S, GONZALO, additional, ZÚÑIGA D, ALVARO, additional, MOLINA R, MARÍA ELENA, additional, BELLOLIO R, FELIPE, additional, and PINEDO M, GEORGE, additional
- Published
- 2012
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30. Phosphorus efficiency of naturalized Chilean white clover in a grazed field trial
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Acuña, H., primary and Inostroza, L., additional
- Published
- 2012
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31. Análisis de los factores predictivos de conversión en cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal
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INOSTROZA L, GONZALO, primary, URREJOLA S, GONZALO, additional, CASELLI M, GINO, additional, MOLINA P, MARÍA E, additional, BELLOLIO R, FELIPE, additional, ZÚÑIGA D, ÁLVARO, additional, MENESES C, XIMENA, additional, MARTÍNEZ M, MÓNICA, additional, and PINEDO M, GEORGE, additional
- Published
- 2011
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32. Quiste pilonidal abscedado: Tratamiento definitivo en un solo tiempo durante el episodio agudo, resultados a corto plazo
- Author
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INOSTROZA L, GONZALO, primary, GARCÍA M, EDUARDO, additional, YUSSEM R, MARÍA JOSÉ, additional, MARIANGEL P, PABLO, additional, YUSSEM R, PÍA, additional, and SALAZAR U, ANDREA, additional
- Published
- 2011
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33. Molecular characterisation of Ltchi7, a gene encoding a Class III endochitinase induced by drought stress in Lotus spp
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Tapia, G., primary, Morales-Quintana, L., additional, Inostroza, L., additional, and Acuña, H., additional
- Published
- 2010
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34. Cirugía en mayores de 80 años: Evolución clínica y costos asociados
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CSENDES J, ATTILA, primary, LEMBACH J, HANNS, additional, MOLINA F, JUAN C, additional, INOSTROZA L, GONZALO, additional, and KÖBRICH S, STEPHANIE, additional
- Published
- 2010
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35. Water use efficiency and associated physiological traits of nine naturalized white clover populations in Chile
- Author
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Inostroza, L., primary and Acuña, H., additional
- Published
- 2010
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- View/download PDF
36. Factores asociados a morbilidad precoz en cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica.
- Author
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JOSÉ GELLONA, V., RODRIGO MIGUIELES, C., DANIELLA ESPÍNOLA, M., GONZALO URREJOLA, S., MOLINA P., MARÍA E., GONZALO INOSTROZA, L., ZÚÑIGA A., JOSÉ M., TOMÁS LARACH, K., FELIPE BELLOLIO, R., and ÁLVARO ZÚÑIGA, D.
- Subjects
LAPAROSCOPIC surgery ,BLOOD transfusion reaction ,SURGICAL complications ,PREOPERATIVE risk factors ,COLON cancer - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Chilena de Cirugia is the property of Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
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37. Phosphorus efficiency of naturalized Chilean white clover in a grazed field trial.
- Author
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Acuña, H. and Inostroza, L.
- Subjects
- *
COMPOSITION of white clover , *GRAZING , *CULTIVARS , *PHOSPHORUS in soils , *FACTORIAL experiment designs , *LOLIUM perenne , *COMPOSITION of grasses - Abstract
Nine naturalized white clover populations and two cultivars ( Huia and Will) were evaluated at two soil phosphorus ( P) levels (6 and 20 P mg kg−1) to characterize them for DM production and P efficiency, and to facilitate the selection of suitable genotypes to produce cultivars for P-deficient marginal soils. The study was carried out in Chile during 2007-2010 under field grazing conditions using a randomized complete factorial block design with three replicates. The clover was grown with perennial ryegrass. Botanical composition and herbage DM production were recorded, phosphorus concentrations in soil and in clover and ryegrass herbage were determined, and P absorption ( PAE) and P utilization ( PUE) efficiency were calculated. Population 8-1- X yielded more DM under the low than under the high soil- P level and was the highest yielding clover in the low soil- P treatment. It also had the highest PAE (0·6 kg P ha−1 per mg kg−1 Olsen P) under low P availability. Dry-matter yield of 9-2- X was statistically similar to 8-1- X and Huia at low P level; however, because of its lower P absorption, it had the highest PUE (455 kg DM ha−1 per kg ha−1 absorbed P). Furthermore, the highest yield of ryegrass occurred when grown with 8-1- X, and this combination gave the maximum total yield. These two populations have potential for inclusion in breeding programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Drenaje laparoscópico de la diverticulitis aguda complicada Hinchey II y III.
- Author
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GINO CASELLI M., GONZALO INOSTROZA L., CRISTÓBAL SILVA C., GONZALO URREJOLA S., ALVARO ZÚÑIGA D., MARÍA ELENA MOLINA R., FELIPE BELLOLIO R., and GEORGE PINEDO M.
- Abstract
Background: The usual surgical management of acute diverticulitis is Hartmann operation that is associated with high rates of complications and mortality. Recently, less invasive procedures, that avoid ostomies have been proposed as treatment. Aim: To analyze the results of laparoscopic peritoneal lavage in patients with acute diverticulitis. Material and Methods: Prospective analysis of seven patients age 25 to 61 years (four males) admitted for a first episode of acute diverticulitis classified as Hinchey II or III, in whom a percutaneous drainage of collections was not possible. All were subjected to a laparoscopic peritoneal lavage and debridement. Results: The mean body mass index of patients was 30.3 kg/m2. Operative time was 55 ± 28 min and there was no need for ostomies or conversion to open surgery. Two patients had complications. One required a percutaneous drainage of a collection and other required an open surgical procedure for peritoneal lavage. Patients stayed with nil per os for 2 ± 1 days, required antimicrobials for 14 ± 4 days and stayed in the hospital for 8 ± 4 days. Conclusions: Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage is a good alternative surgical procedure for the treatment of acute diverticulitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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39. Molecular characterisation of Ltchi7, a gene encoding a Class III endochitinase induced by drought stress in Lotus spp.
- Author
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Tapia, G., Morales-Quintana, L., Inostroza, L., and Acuña, H.
- Subjects
CHITINASE ,PLANT defenses ,PHYTOPATHOGENIC fungi in host plants ,GENETIC code ,NITROGEN fixation ,LEGUMES ,GENE expression - Abstract
Chitinases are enzymes that digest chitin molecules, present principally in insects and fungi. In plants, these enzymes play an important role in defence against pathogen attack, although they have also been described as induced by mechanical damage, ozone, heavy metals, cold, salinity, etc. Using an annealing control primer, we isolated a gene fragment whose translated sequence has high homology with a class III endochitinase. The gene, named Ltchi7, consisted of one ORF of 1005 bp, which codes for a peptide of 334 amino acids, including a deduced signal peptide of 27 amino acid that directs protein to the extracellular space. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that Ltchi7 is within a cluster that includes Sesbania rostrata, Medicago sativa and Glycine max class III endochitinases. This group is differentiated from other species of endochitinases by the presence of an additional extension in carboxy-terminal region. Moreover, in comparison with the majority of chitinases, Ltchi7 has two additional cysteine residues, which, according to 3D modelling studies, are very close. Gene expression analysis showed enhanced transcript abundance of this gene during drought stress in Lotus tenuis and Lotus japonicus, compared with growth under normal conditions. Furthermore, its expression is restricted to nodules and roots. Expression of this gene was also induced by salt stress, hydrogen peroxide and weakly with abscisic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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- View/download PDF
40. CARTA AL EDITOR.
- Author
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Gonzalo Inostroza, L.
- Published
- 2013
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41. WITHDRAWN: El recuento linfonodal total es un factor pronóstico de sobrevida de los pacientes con cáncer de colon etapa II
- Author
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Inostroza L., Gonzalo, Moisan, Francisco, Molina P., Maria Elena, Urrejola S., Gonzalo, Caselli M., Gino, Bellolio R., Felipe, Zuñiga D., Alvaro, Pinedo M., George, and Orellana P., Matías
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. An optofluidic antenna for enhancing the sensitivity of single-emitter measurements.
- Author
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Morales-Inostroza L, Folz J, Kühnemuth R, Felekyan S, Wieser FF, Seidel CAM, Götzinger S, and Sandoghdar V
- Abstract
Many single-molecule investigations are performed in fluidic environments, for example, to avoid unwanted consequences of contact with surfaces. Diffusion of molecules in this arrangement limits the observation time and the number of collected photons, thus, compromising studies of processes with fast or slow dynamics. Here, we introduce a planar optofluidic antenna (OFA), which enhances the fluorescence signal from molecules by about 5 times per passage, leads to about 7-fold more frequent returns to the observation volume, and significantly lengthens the diffusion time within one passage. We use single-molecule multi-parameter fluorescence detection (sm-MFD), fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements to characterize our OFAs. The antenna advantages are showcased by examining both the slow (ms) and fast (50 μs) dynamics of DNA four-way (Holliday) junctions with real-time resolution. The FRET trajectories provide evidence for the absence of an intermediate conformational state and introduce an upper bound for its lifetime. The ease of implementation and compatibility with various microscopy modalities make OFAs broadly applicable to a diverse range of studies., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
43. Novel Microsynthesis of High-Yield Gold Nanoparticles to Accelerate Research in Biosensing and Other Bioapplications.
- Author
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Díaz-García V, Haensgen A, Inostroza L, Contreras-Trigo B, and Oyarzun P
- Subjects
- Gold chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Citric Acid, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Biosensing Techniques methods
- Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit unique properties that make them appealing for applications in biosensing and other emerging fields. Despite the availability of numerous synthesis methods, important questions remain to be addressed regarding the volume effect on the synthesis yield and quality of AuNPs in the light of biosensing research. The present study addresses these issues by developing a novel microvolumetric citrate-reduction method to improve the synthesis of AuNPs, which were characterized by electronic microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, zeta potential and colorimetric analysis. A comparison of the novel microsynthesis method with the standard Turkevich method demonstrated its superior performance in terms of yield, monodispersity, rapidity (in one step), reproducibility, and stability. The analytical behavior of AuNPs-based aptasensors prepared by microsynthesis was investigated using kanamycin detection and showed higher reproducibility and improved detection limits (3.4 times) compared to those of Turkevich AuNPs. Finally, the effect of pH was studied to demonstrate the suitability of the method for the screening of AuNP synthesis parameters that are of direct interest in biosensing research; the results showed an optimal pH range between 5.0 and 5.5. In summary, the approach described herein has the potential to improve research capabilities in biosensing, with the added benefits of lowering costs and minimizing waste generation in line with current trends in green nanotechnology.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Organic Molecules as Origin of Visible-Range Single Photon Emission from Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Mica.
- Author
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Neumann M, Wei X, Morales-Inostroza L, Song S, Lee SG, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Götzinger S, and Lee YH
- Abstract
The discovery of room-temperature single-photon emitters (SPEs) hosted by two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (2D hBN) has sparked intense research interest. Although emitters in the vicinity of 2 eV have been studied extensively, their microscopic identity has remained elusive. The discussion of this class of SPEs has centered on point defects in the hBN crystal lattice, but none of the candidate defect structures have been able to capture the great heterogeneity in emitter properties that is observed experimentally. Employing a widely used sample preparation protocol but disentangling several confounding factors, we demonstrate conclusively that heterogeneous single-photon emission at ∼2 eV associated with hBN originates from organic molecules, presumably aromatic fluorophores. The appearance of those SPEs depends critically on the presence of organic processing residues during sample preparation, and emitters formed during heat treatment are not located within the hBN crystal as previously thought, but at the hBN/substrate interface. We further demonstrate that the same class of SPEs can be observed in a different 2D insulator, fluorophlogopite mica.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Does urban climate follow urban form? Analysing intraurban LST trajectories versus urban form trends in 3 cities with different background climates.
- Author
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Lemoine-Rodríguez R, Inostroza L, and Zepp H
- Subjects
- Cities, Temperature, Urbanization, Environmental Monitoring methods, Hot Temperature
- Abstract
The current climate change trend urges the application of efficient spatial planning to mitigate the effects of urbanization on local urban warming. Nevertheless, how urban temperatures respond to urban form changes inside cities is still insufficiently understood. In this paper, we explored the relationship between urban form and diurnal space-time land surface temperature (LST) trends (2003-2019) in Beijing (continental climate), Cairo (arid) and Santiago (temperate). We analysed changes in land cover, white sky albedo (WSA), night-time lights (NL) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) inside areas representing clustered thermal performance (steady cold and hot spots and warming cold and hot spots). The structure of local climate zones (LCZs) was assessed for each LST trend. To test the relevance of other urban form dimensions, we analysed the hierarchical influence of the employed 2D metrics (i.e., built-up cover, WSA, NL and EVI) and additional 3D indicators (i.e., height and volume) on LST, applying machine learning classification and regression trees (CARTs) to Beijing's data. Despite diverse patterns of urban form change, cities in our sample present common LST trends, with thermal differences as a consequence of local climate. LCZs are composed of highly heterogeneous built-up areas inside LST trend categories. In the case of Beijing, LST is hierarchically driven by footprint, WSA and EVI. Moreover, by adding height and volume, urban form differences between LST trend classes that are not evident with 2D data were found. Our findings suggest that a compact green urban tissue is necessary to cope with the current trends of urban warming, taking into account city-specific measures based on the local background climate., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Water Shortage Affects Vegetative and Reproductive Stages of Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) Chilean Landraces, Differentially Impacting Grain Yield Components.
- Author
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Tapia G, Méndez J, Inostroza L, and Lozano C
- Abstract
Water availability for agricultural use is currently a global problem that worsens with climate change in several regions of the world. Among grain legumes, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is the most cultivated in the worldwide. The Chilean germplasm of common bean is characterized by tolerance to water stress. Here, we analyzed a selection of nine ancient Chilean landraces in regard to their drought tolerance, simulating optimal (OW) and restricted watering (RW) in a Mediterranean environment. Phenological, growth, and yield traits were recorded, and correlation analysis was performed. Accordingly, leaf temperature and osmotic potential were higher under RW, while the leaf chlorophyll content decreased in all landraces. Physiological maturity days and seed-filling days were lower in RW than in OW. This similarly occurred with the grain yield. The % yield reduction was negatively correlated with the % pod reduction and the relative rate of leaf expansion (RLAE) reduction. However, the 100-seed weight value was not significantly modified by water treatment (p > 0.05). For instance, landraces that preferred to fill the grain with a lower rate of leaf expansion showed a lower loss in grain yield under drought conditions. These results suggest that the resource partitioning between growing leaves, flowers, and developing pods in Chilean landraces is variable, affecting the common bean drought tolerance.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Intraurban heterogeneity of space-time land surface temperature trends in six climate-diverse cities.
- Author
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Lemoine-Rodríguez R, Inostroza L, and Zepp H
- Subjects
- Cities, Climate, Temperature, Environmental Monitoring, Hot Temperature
- Abstract
Surface urban heat islands (SUHIs) are present in all cities, derived from their thermal properties. While looking at the spatiotemporal variability of land surface temperature (LST), there is still a gap in understanding patterns of change. In this paper, we analysed diurnal and nocturnal annual mean LST trends in continental (Beijing), temperate (Mexico City and Santiago), and arid (Cairo, Hyderabad, and Riyadh) cities employing 1 km MODIS data (2003-2019). Each time-series was assessed with the structure of a space-time cube. Hot and cold spots were detected for each year and the LST trends were analysed. Each pixel was classified into different space-time LST trends and their SUHIs were estimated. Cities exhibit trends of increasing temperatures in cold and hot spots for diurnal and nocturnal data. Temperatures are increasing faster in hot spots for diurnal and in cold spots for nocturnal scenes. Steady hot spots and warming hot spots exhibit the highest SUHIs for day and night. Our approach provides a framework to empirically delineate the spatial intraurban heterogeneity of LST patterns over time. This spatially explicit information provides insights into urban areas requiring heat mitigation strategies and can be used to monitor the performance of measures already implemented for climate adaptation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Phenotypic Diversity and Productivity of Medicago sativa Subspecies from Drought-Prone Environments in Mediterranean Type Climates.
- Author
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Inostroza L, Espinoza S, Barahona V, Gerding M, Humphries A, Del Pozo A, and Ovalle C
- Abstract
The phenotypic diversity and productivity of a diverse alfalfa ( M. sativa subspp.) panel of cultivars, landraces and wild relatives with putative drought tolerance were evaluated in two Mediterranean environments (central Chile and Southern Australia). In Chile, 70 accessions were evaluated in rainfed conditions and in Australia 30 accessions under rainfed and irrigated conditions, during three growing seasons. Large phenotypic variation was observed among and within subspecies for NDVI, stem length, intercepted PAR and forage yield. Principal component analysis indicated that the first two principal components (PC) accounted for 84.2% of total variance; fall dormancy, taxa, and breeding status were closely related to the agronomical performance of alfalfa accessions. Forage yield varied largely among accessions across years and locations. A linear relationship was found between annual forage yield and annual water added to the experiments (R
2 = 0.60, p < 0.001). The GxE analysis for forage yield allowed the detection of the highest yielding accessions for each of the two mega-environments identified. The accessions CTA002 and CTA003 showed greater forage yield in both Chile and Australia environments. It is concluded that new breeding lines derived from crosses between cultivated alfalfa ( M. sativa subsp. sativa ) and wild relatives belonging to the primary ( M. sativa subsp. falcata ) and tertiary ( M. arborea ) gene pool, achieve outstanding agronomical performance in drought-prone environments.- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Urban form datasets of 194 cities delineated based on the contiguous urban fabric for 1990 and 2015.
- Author
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Lemoine-Rodriguez R, Inostroza L, and Zepp H
- Abstract
The present research datasets were processed for the article "The global homogenization of urban form. An assessment of 194 cities across time" [1]. They consist of land cover spatial layers, longitude and latitude point data and tabulated data with computed landscape metrics and the characterization of urban form of 194 cities for 1990 and 2015. Contiguous urban fabric at 30 m spatial resolution was derived from the Atlas of Urban Expansion database for 1990 and 2015 [2]. Landscape metrics were computed as quantitative measures of composition and spatial arrangement of each city and dimensions of the database were reduced employing correlation and principal components analysis. Hierarchical clustering was employed to group cities according to the similarity of their urban form and analysis of variance was applied to test for significant differences between them. The spatial layers contained in this article can be complemented with past and future land cover data to model urban form change at broader temporal scales. The landscape metrics are useful for cross-city comparisons at regional, national and global levels in combination with other complementary indicators. The datasets are valuable for urban planners, urban ecologists, NGO's, decision makers and other with interest on local and global landscape change in urban areas, particularly urban expansion and its impacts., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which have, or could be perceived to have, influenced the work reported in this article., (© 2020 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Understanding the Complexity of Cold Tolerance in White Clover using Temperature Gradient Locations and a GWAS Approach.
- Author
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Inostroza L, Bhakta M, Acuña H, Vásquez C, Ibáñez J, Tapia G, Mei W, Kirst M, Resende M, and Munoz P
- Subjects
- Cold Temperature, Genes, Plant, Genetic Markers, Genetics, Population, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Linkage Disequilibrium, Phenotype, Quantitative Trait Loci, Trifolium genetics, Acclimatization, Trifolium physiology
- Abstract
White clover ( L.) is the most important grazing perennial forage legume in temperate climates. However, its limited capacity to survive and restore growth after low temperatures during winter constrains the productivity and wide adoption of the crop. Despite the importance of cold tolerance for white clover cultivar development, the genetic basis of this trait remains largely unknown. Hence, in this study, we performed the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses in white clover to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for cold-tolerance-related traits. Seeds from 192 divergent genotypes from six populations in the Patagonia region of South America were collected and seed-derived plants were further clonally propagated. Clonal trials were established in three locations representing temperature gradient associated with elevation. Given the allotetraploid nature of the white clover genome, distinct genetic models (diploid and tetraploid) were tested. Only the tetraploid parameterization was able to detect the 53 loci associated with cold-tolerance traits. Out of the 53 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) trait associations, 17 controlled more than one trait or were stable across multiple sites. This work represents the first report of QTL for cold-tolerance-related traits, providing insights into its genetic basis and candidate genomic regions for further functional validation studies., (Copyright © 2018 Crop Science Society of America.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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