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1. Réalisation de micro-résonateurs 3D organiques par procédés micro-fluidiques et couches minces pour des applications en photonique intégrées

Author: Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR) ; CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Optique et Photonique ; Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR) ; CNRS - Université de Rennes 1 - CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Dispositifs électroniques (DE) ; Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR) ; CNRS - SUPELEC - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Rennes - CNRS - SUPELEC - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Rennes - Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR) ; CNRS - Université de Nantes - SUPELEC - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Rennes - Université de Nantes, Matériaux Nanosciences ; Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR) ; CNRS - Université de Rennes 1 - CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Laboratoire d'acoustique de l'université du Maine (LAUM) ; CNRS - Université du Maine, Groupe matière condensée et matériaux (GMCM) ; CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Optique et Photonique ; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) ; Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique - Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique - Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR) ; CNRS - Université de Rennes 1 - CNRS - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut Universitaire de France-IUF ; Institut Universitaire de France-IUF - Institut Universitaire de France-IUF, Pluchon, David, Huby, Nolwenn, Coulon, Nathalie, Belloul, Malika, Moréac, Alain, Gaviot, Etienne, Panizza, Pascal, Bêche, Bruno, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR) ; CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Optique et Photonique ; Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR) ; CNRS - Université de Rennes 1 - CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Dispositifs électroniques (DE) ; Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR) ; CNRS - SUPELEC - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Rennes - CNRS - SUPELEC - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Rennes - Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR) ; CNRS - Université de Nantes - SUPELEC - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Rennes - Université de Nantes, Matériaux Nanosciences ; Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR) ; CNRS - Université de Rennes 1 - CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Laboratoire d'acoustique de l'université du Maine (LAUM) ; CNRS - Université du Maine, Groupe matière condensée et matériaux (GMCM) ; CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Optique et Photonique ; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) ; Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique - Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique - Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR) ; CNRS - Université de Rennes 1 - CNRS - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut Universitaire de France-IUF ; Institut Universitaire de France-IUF - Institut Universitaire de France-IUF, Pluchon, David, Huby, Nolwenn, Coulon, Nathalie, Belloul, Malika, Moréac, Alain, Gaviot, Etienne, Panizza, Pascal, and Bêche, Bruno
Abstract: International audience

2. Metal-insulator transition and superconductivity in boron-doped diamond

Author: CorrElec MagSup ; Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes - Université Grenoble Alpes, SC2G ; Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée (DRFMC) ; CEA - CEA - Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LATEQS) ; CEA - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - CEA - Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (SPMS-LATEQS) ; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique - Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Slovakian Academy of sciences - Institut of Experimental Physics (SAS) ; Slovakian Academy of sciences, Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée (DRFMC) ; CEA, CARAC ; Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes - Université Grenoble Alpes, SC2G ; Laboratoire d'Etudes des Propriétés Electroniques des Solides (LEPES) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes - Université Grenoble Alpes, SC2G ; Laboratoire d'Etudes des Propriétés Electroniques des Solides (LEPES) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) ; Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique - Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes - Université Grenoble Alpes, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linkoping University ; Linkoping University - Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH (KTH) ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH, Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IF-UFB) ; Instituto de Fisica - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Solid State Institute ; Solid State Institute, Technion, Klein, Thierry, Achatz, Philipp, Kacmarcik, Josef, Marcenat, Christophe, Gustafsson, Frederik, Marcus, Jacques, Bustarret, Etienne, Pernot, Julien, Omnès, Franck, Sernelius, Bo E., Persson, C., Ferreira Sa Silva, A., Cytermann, C., CorrElec MagSup ; Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes - Université Grenoble Alpes, SC2G ; Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée (DRFMC) ; CEA - CEA - Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LATEQS) ; CEA - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - CEA - Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (SPMS-LATEQS) ; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique - Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Slovakian Academy of sciences - Institut of Experimental Physics (SAS) ; Slovakian Academy of sciences, Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée (DRFMC) ; CEA, CARAC ; Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes - Université Grenoble Alpes, SC2G ; Laboratoire d'Etudes des Propriétés Electroniques des Solides (LEPES) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes - Université Grenoble Alpes, SC2G ; Laboratoire d'Etudes des Propriétés Electroniques des Solides (LEPES) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG) - CNRS - Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) ; Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique - Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique - Institut Néel (NEEL) ; CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes - Université Grenoble Alpes, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linkoping University ; Linkoping University - Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH (KTH) ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH, Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IF-UFB) ; Instituto de Fisica - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Solid State Institute ; Solid State Institute, Technion, Klein, Thierry, Achatz, Philipp, Kacmarcik, Josef, Marcenat, Christophe, Gustafsson, Frederik, Marcus, Jacques, Bustarret, Etienne, Pernot, Julien, Omnès, Franck, Sernelius, Bo E., Persson, C., Ferreira Sa Silva, A., and Cytermann, C.
Abstract: International audience, We report on a detailed analysis of the transport properties and superconducting critical temperatures of boron-doped diamond films grown along the $\{100\}$ direction. The system presents a metal-insulator transition (MIT) for a boron concentration ($n_B$) on the order of $n_c \sim 4.5 \times 10^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$ in excellent agreement with numerical calculations. The temperature dependence of the conductivity and Hall effect can be well described by variable range hopping for $n_B n_c$) present a superconducting transition at low temperature. The zero temperature conductivity $\sigma_0$ deduced from fits to the data above the critical temperature ($T_c$) using a classical quantum interference formula scales as : $\sigma_0 \propto (n_B/n_c-1)^\nu$ with $\nu \sim 1$. Large $T_c$ values ($\geq 0.4$ K) have been obtained for boron concentration down to $n_B/n_c \sim 1.1$ and $T_c$ surprisingly mimics a $(n_B/n_c-1)^{1/2}$ law. Those high $T_c$ values can be explained by a slow decrease of the electron-phonon coupling parameter $\lambda$ and a corresponding drop of the Coulomb pseudo-potential $\mu^*$ as $n_B \rightarrow n_c$.

3. Investigating the thermostability of succinate: quinone oxidoreductase enzymes by direct electrochemistry at SWNTs-modified electrodes and FTIR spectroscopy

Author: International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry in Strasbourg (RTRA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IRC, Melin, Frederic, Noor, Mohamed R., Pardieu, Elodie, Boulmedais, Fouzia, Banhart, Florian, Cecchini, Gary, Soulimane, Tewfik, Hellwig, Petra, International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry in Strasbourg (RTRA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), IRC, Melin, Frederic, Noor, Mohamed R., Pardieu, Elodie, Boulmedais, Fouzia, Banhart, Florian, Cecchini, Gary, Soulimane, Tewfik, and Hellwig, Petra
Abstract: peer-reviewed, Succinate Quinone reductases (SQRs) are the enzymes which couple the oxidation of succinate and the reduction of quinones in the respiratory chain of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We compare herein the temperature-dependent activity and structural stability of two SQRs, the first one from the mesophilic bacterium E. coli and the second one from the thermophilic bacterium T. thermophilus by a combined electrochemical and infrared spectroscopy approach. Direct electron transfer was achieved with the full membrane protein complexes at SWNTs-modified electrodes. The possible structural factors which contribute to the temperature-dependent activity of the enzymes and to the thermostability of the T. thermophiles SQR in particular, are discussed.

4. Optimized Local Synthetic Conditions Induce Size Reduction and Phase Purification in {[Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4)}n Spin Crossover Particles

Author: Tristan Castel, Anaïs Marchetti, Félix Houard, Nathalie Daro, Mathieu Marchivie, Guillaume Chastanet, Kevin Bernot, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), This work was supported by the University of Bordeaux, the CNRS, the ANR FlowSwitch (2019-CE07-0022-01), and the Region Nouvelle Aquitaine. The Region Bretagne (Boost’ERC RECoord No. 1122), the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), and the INSA Rennes PPI program., and ANR-19-CE07-0022,FlowSwith,Chimie en flux continu pour la synthèse de particules commutables à température ambiante(2019)
Subjects: Granular materials, Mixtures, Nanoparticles, General Materials Science, Chemical synthesis, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Transmission electron microscopy
Abstract: International audience; The well-known synthesis of the two polymorphs of the {[Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4)}n spin crossover coordination polymer is explored with new template-free methods that allow a control over the local synthetic conditions. A “one-pot” synthesis approach is developed, in which the solid reactants are mixed together before the addition of the solvent, which is expected to generate instantaneous supersaturation conditions favoring the nucleation of particles over their growth. In a second method, the addition of ultrasound pulses promotes the appearance of local “hot spots” that affect the local temperature and allow exploring a different region of the concentration–temperature phase diagram, leading to an increase in the phase purity of the product. These two syntheses are compared to the classical method in which the reactants are first dissolved in separate solutions before being mixed. The use of a one-pot synthesis, with or without ultrasound pulses, induces a downsizing of the particle size by a factor of 500 on their volume. The addition of ultrasound pulses allows moving from a mixture of polymorphs I and II of this compound to the pure phase I. These approaches open the way to more studies on the control over the size or phase purity in such molecular compounds, without the use of any surfactant.
Published: 2023

5. Identification of early-induced broadly neutralizing activities against transmitted founder HIV strains

Author: Julie Lucas, Li-Yun Lin, Nicodème Paul, Géraldine Laumond, Jéromine Klingler, Sylvie Schmidt, Julia Frappier, Asma Essat, Laurence Meyer, Alicia Castro Gordon, C.é.cile Goujard, Seiamak Bahram, Christiane Moog, Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (OMICARE), Centre de Recherche d’Immunologie et d’Hématologie [Strasbourg], Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Nouvel Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), 3.2 TRIDIAG, European Commission, EC, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, European Regional Development Fund, ERDF, We thank all participants of the ANRS PRIMO cohort. This work was granted by the ANRS (Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les hépatites virales), the Investissements d’Avenir program managed by the ANR under reference ANR-10-LABX-77 and EHVA (No. 681032, Horizon 2020). Work in S.B.'s laboratory is supported by grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (ANR-11-LABX-0070_TRANSPLANTEX), the INSERM (UMR_S 1109), the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), all the University of Strasbourg (IDEX UNISTRA), the European regional development fund (European Union) INTERREG V program (project no. 3.2 TRIDIAG) and MSD-Avenir grant AUTOGEN. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation or the decision to submit the work for publication., and European Project: 681032,H2020,H2020-PHC-2015-single-stage_RTD,EHVA(2016)
Subjects: transmitted/founders, Infectious Diseases, vaccine, Immunology, HIV, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, neutralizing antibodies, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, HIV Infections, acute infection, Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
Abstract: International audience; Objectives:Broadly neutralizing antibodies have been proposed as key actors for HIV vaccine development. However, they display features of highly matured antibodies, hampering their induction by vaccination. As protective broadly neutralizing antibodies should be induced rapidly after vaccination and should neutralize the early-transmitted founder (T/F) viruses, we searched whether such antibodies may be induced following HIV infection.Design:Sera were collected during acute infection (Day 0) and at viral set point (Month 6/12) and the neutralizing activity against T/F strains was investigated. Neutralizing activity in sera collected from chronic progressor was analyzed in parallel.Methods:We compared neutralizing activity against T/F strains with neutralizing activity against non-T/F strains using the conventional TZM-bL neutralizing assay.Results:We found neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) preferentially directed against T/F viruses in sera collected shortly after infection. This humoral response evolved by shifting to nAbs directed against non-T/F strains.Conclusion:Although features associated with nAbs directed against T/F viruses need further investigations, these early-induced nAbs may display lesser maturation characteristics; therefore, this might increase their interest for future vaccine designs.
Published: 2022

6. Cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) complexes of tripodal tetradentate diamino-bis(phenolate) ligands: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures and evaluation in radical polymerization processes

Author: Maxime Michelas, Yasmine K. Redjel, Jean-Claude Daran, Meriem Benslimane, Rinaldo Poli, Christophe Fliedel, Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Recherche de Chimie de l'Environnement et Moléculaire Structurale (CHEMS), Université frères Mentouri Constantine I (UMC), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, France), and ANR-19-CE07-0031,POLYSWITCH,Commutation de mécanisme de polymérisation par des complexes de coordination(2019)
Subjects: Inorganic Chemistry, Amino-phenolate ligands, Radical polymerization, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Cobalt, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Acetato (OAc) complex, X-ray crystallography
Abstract: International audience; The synthesis and characterization of cobalt(II) (3, 4) and acetato cobalt(III) (5) complexes with two tripodal tetradentate diamino-bis(phenolate) ligands (L1 and L2) are reported. The solid-state structures of proligand H2L1 and complexes 4 and 5 were determined by X-ray crystallography. Complex 4 crystallizes as a dimer via the formation of a Co2O2 core. Complex 5 is monomeric with a six-coordinated cobalt(III) center bearing a chelating acetate ligand. In both structures, the diamino-bis(phenolate) ligand (L1 or L2) is acting as a tetradentate dianionic κ4-(O2,N2) chelating ligand. The diamagnetic nature of complex 5 allowed its characterization by multinuclear NMR spectroscopic techniques. Complex 5 is not a competent unimolecular initiator for the radical polymerization of methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate. Its cobalt(II) analog (3) did not act as an efficient OMRP moderator for the radical polymerization of activated (styrene, tert-butyl acrylate) and non-activated (vinyl acetate) monomers.
Published: 2023

7. High-Dimensional Private Empirical Risk Minimization by Greedy Coordinate Descent

Author: Mangold, Paul, Bellet, Aurélien, Salmon, Joseph, Tommasi, Marc, Machine Learning in Information Networks (MAGNET), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck (IMAG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ANR-20-CE23-0015,PRIDE,Apprentissage automatique décentralisé et préservant la vie privée(2020), ANR-20-CHIA-0001,CAMELOT,Apprentissage automatique et optimisation coopératifs.(2020), ANR-22-PECY-0002,iPoP,interdisciplinary Project on Privacy(2022), Machine Learning in Information Networks [MAGNET], Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck [IMAG], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], and Scientific Data Management [ZENITH]
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Statistics - Machine Learning, Machine Learning (stat.ML), Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract: In this paper, we study differentially private empirical risk minimization (DP-ERM). It has been shown that the (worst-case) utility of DP-ERM reduces as the dimension increases. This is a major obstacle to privately learning large machine learning models. In high dimension, it is common for some model's parameters to carry more information than others. To exploit this, we propose a differentially private greedy coordinate descent (DP-GCD) algorithm. At each iteration, DP-GCD privately performs a coordinate-wise gradient step along the gradients' (approximately) greatest entry. We show theoretically that DP-GCD can improve utility by exploiting structural properties of the problem's solution (such as sparsity or quasi-sparsity), with very fast progress in early iterations. We then illustrate this numerically, both on synthetic and real datasets. Finally, we describe promising directions for future work.
Published: 2023

8. User Preference and Performance using Tagging and Browsing for Image Labeling

Author: Bruno Fruchard, Sylvain Malacria, Géry Casiez, Stéphane Huot, Technology and knowledge for interaction [LOKI], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], Technology and knowledge for interaction (LOKI), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and ANR-20-STHP-0003,PERFANALYTICS,Analyse in situ de la performance(2020)
Subjects: Human-Computer Interaction, user performance, open science, empirical studies, browsing, image labeling, tagging, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], visual complexity
Abstract: International audience; Visual content must be labeled to facilitate navigation and retrieval, or provide ground truth data for supervised machine learning approaches. The efficiency of labeling techniques is crucial to produce numerous qualitative labels, but existing techniques remain sparsely evaluated. We systematically evaluate the efficiency of tagging and browsing tasks in relation to the number of images displayed, interaction modes, and the image visual complexity. Tagging consists in focusing on a single image to assign multiple labels (image-oriented strategy), and browsing in focusing on a single label to assign to multiple images (label-oriented strategy). In a first experiment, we focus on the nudges inducing participants to adopt one of the strategies (n=18). In a second experiment, we evaluate the efficiency of the strategies (n=24). Results suggest an image- oriented strategy (tagging task) leads to shorter annotation times, especially for complex images, and participants tend to adopt it regardless of the conditions they face.
Published: 2023

9. Signifidgets : What you see is what widget !

Author: Casiez, Géry, Malacria, Sylvain, Mackamul, Eva, Université de Lille, Technology and knowledge for interaction (LOKI), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AFIHM, Université de Technologie de Troyes, Technology and knowledge for interaction [LOKI], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], and Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 [CRIStAL]
Subjects: widgets, Interaction programming, discoverability, découvrabilité, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], composants graphiques, Programmation d’interaction
Abstract: International audience; GUIs are composed of different interactive graphical components, or widgets, with which users can interact to specify their intentions to the system. These widgets are diverse, ranging from simple selectable buttons to range sliders. They have a pre-defined representation and react by default to a list of basic user inputs. Existing programming toolkits use a strong coupling between a widget, its appearance, and the user inputs it supports. Signifidgets are a reflection on how programming APIs could (and should?) approach the use of widgets, allowing programmers to add different possible user inputs to a component, and modify its behavior and appearance to signify and react to them.; Les interfaces graphiques sont composées de différents composants graphiques interactifs, ou widgets, avec lesquels les utilisateurs peuvent interagir pour préciser leurs intentions au système. Ces widgets sont divers, pouvant aller de simples boutons sélectionnables à de doubles potentiomètres. Ils ont un affichage prédéfini et réagissent par défaut à une liste précise d’entrées utilisateurs. Les boîtes à outils existantes pour programmer des interfaces graphiques utilisent un couplage fort entre un widget, son apparence, et les entrées utilisateur qu’il supporte. Les Signifidgets sont une réflexion sur la façon dont les API de programmation pourraient (et devraient ?) aborder l’utilisation des widgets, permettant aux programmeurs d’y ajouter différentes entrées utilisateur possibles pour modifier son comportement, et son apparence dans le but de signifier ces entrées.
Published: 2023

10. Démonstration d’un outil d’annotation et d’analyse de vidéos d’escalade de difficulté

Author: Fruchard, B. (Bruno), Malacria, S. (Sylvain), Casiez, G. (Géry), Huot, S. (Stephane), Université de Lille, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technology and knowledge for interaction (LOKI), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 [CRIStAL], Technology and knowledge for interaction [LOKI], and Institut Universitaire de France [IUF]
Subjects: video annotation tool, Outil d’annotation vidéo, analyse sportive, conception centrée-utilisateur, sport analysis, user-centered design, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC]
Abstract: International audience; We propose to demonstrate a video annotation tool tailored to lead climbing performances designed in collaboration with the French climbing federation (FFME). The tool is the result of several months of a user-centered design cycle fueled by remote meetings with a coach and an analyst of the federation, as well as in-person workshops involving athletes competing at the international level. It is used daily to quantify performances and analyze them. It enables reviewing a performance video and annotate it using a sequencer that consists of a list of buttons, each producing an annotation associated to a frame in the video. Annotations are visualized on a timeline to depict actions in the performance, and graphs summarize quantitative data to convey the gist of the performance such as the total or average grasping or resting time, and the climbing speed.; Nous proposons de faire la démonstration d’un outil d’annotation de vidéos d’escalade de difficulté, conçu en collaboration avec la fédération française de la montagne et de l’escalade (FFME). Cet outil est le fruit de plusieurs mois de collaboration s’appuyant sur une approche centrée utilisateur, des réunions en ligne avec une entraîneuse et un analyste de la FFME, ainsi que des journées de travail en personne incluant des athlètes se produisant au niveau international. Il est utilisé quotidiennement pour quantifier des performances et les analyser. Il permet de visionner la vidéo d’une performance et de l’annoter grâce à un panneau séquenceur qui est composé d’une liste de boutons, chacun produisant une annotation qui est associée à une image dans la vidéo. Toutes les annotations sont visualisées sur une ligne de temps pour représenter visuellement toutes les actions effectuées au cours de la performance, et des graphiques résument les données quantitatives entrées pour transmettre l’essentiel de la performance comme le temps moyen de saisie ou de relâche, ou encore la vitesse de grimpe.
Published: 2023

11. HSFA1a modulates plant heat stress responses and alters the 3D chromatin organization of enhancer-promoter interactions

Author: Ying Huang, Jing An, Sanchari Sircar, Clara Bergis, Chloé Dias Lopes, Xiaoning He, Barbara Da Costa, Feng-Quan Tan, Jeremie Bazin, Javier Antunez-Sanchez, Maria Florencia Mammarella, Ravi-sureshbhai Devani, Rim Brik-Chaouche, Abdelhafid Bendahmane, Florian Frugier, Chongjing Xia, Christophe Rothan, Aline V. Probst, Zouine Mohamed, Catherine Bergounioux, Marianne Delarue, Yijing Zhang, Shaojian Zheng, Martin Crespi, Sotirios Fragkostefanakis, Magdy M. Mahfouz, Federico Ariel, Jose Gutierrez-Marcos, Cécile Raynaud, David Latrasse, Moussa Benhamed, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Warwick [Coventry], Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral [Santa Fe] (IAL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Litoral [Santa Fe] (UNL), Southwest University of Science and Technology [Mianyang] (SWUST), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), UMR 990, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Fudan University [Shanghai], Zhejiang University, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), This work was supported by the European Research Council ERC (Project 101044399-3Dwheat), Agence National de la Recherche ANR (ANR-21-CE20-0036-4D Heat Tomato) and by the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) to M.B. Moreover, this work was supported by China Scholar Council fellowships (201806690005) to Y.H. Figure 6 was created using BioRender (www.biorender.com) with publication permissions., ANR-21-CE20-0036,4D-Heat,Une approche 4D nucleome pour identifier les activateurs contrôlant la réponse au stress thermique de la tomat(2021), and European Project: 101044399,3Dwheat
Subjects: stress thermique, Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, Expression des genes, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Facteur de transcription, tomate, chaleur, Fruit, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plante, chromatine
Abstract: The complex and dynamic three-dimensional organization of chromatin within the nucleus makes understanding the control of gene expression challenging, but also opens up possible ways to epigenetically modulate gene expression. Because plants are sessile, they evolved sophisticated ways to rapidly modulate gene expression in response to environmental stress, that are thought to be coordinated by changes in chromatin conformation to mediate specific cellular and physiological responses. However, to what extent and how stress induces dynamic changes in chromatin reorganization remains poorly understood. Here, we comprehensively investigated genome-wide chromatin changes associated with transcriptional reprogramming response to heat stress in tomato. Our data show that heat stress induces rapid changes in chromatin architecture, leading to the transient formation of promoter-enhancer contacts, likely driving the expression of heat-stress responsive genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that chromatin spatial reorganization requires HSFA1a, a transcription factor (TF) essential for heat stress tolerance in tomato. In light of our findings, we propose that TFs play a key role in controlling dynamic transcriptional responses through 3D reconfiguration of promoter-enhancer contacts.
Published: 2023

12. Breaking Bad: Quantifying the Addiction of Web Elements to JavaScript

Author: Fouquet, Romain, Laperdrix, Pierre, Rouvoy, Romain, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 [CRIStAL], Self-adaptation for distributed services and large software systems [SPIRALS], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Self-adaptation for distributed services and large software systems (SPIRALS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and ASCOT
Subjects: page breakage, web privacy, javascript, FOS: Computer and information sciences, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Networks and Communications, Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
Abstract: While JavaScript established itself as a cornerstone of the modern web, it also constitutes a major tracking and security vector, thus raising critical privacy and security concerns. In this context, some browser extensions propose to systematically block scripts reported by crowdsourced trackers lists. However, this solution heavily depends on the quality of these built-in lists, which may be deprecated or incomplete, thus exposing the visitor to unknown trackers. In this paper, we explore a different strategy, by investigating the benefits of disabling JavaScript in the browser. More specifically, by adopting such a strict policy, we aim to quantify the JavaScript addiction of web elements composing a web page, through the observation of web breakages. As there is no standard mechanism for detecting such breakages, we introduce a framework to inspect several page features when blocking JavaScript, that we deploy to analyze 6,384 pages, including landing and internal web pages. We discover that 43% of web pages are not strictly dependent on JavaScript and that more than 67% of pages are likely to be usable as long as the visitor only requires the content from the main section of the page, for which the user most likely reached the page, while reducing the number of tracking requests by 85% on average. Finally, we discuss the viability of currently browsing the web without JavaScript and detail multiple incentives for websites to be kept usable without JavaScript., Comment: ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, In press
Published: 2023
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13. Still Life and Vital Matter in Gillian Clarke’s Poetry

Author: Laniel-Musitelli, Sophie, Pierre-Louis Patoine, Liliane Campos, Centre d'Études en Civilisations, Langues et Lettres Étrangères - ULR 4074 [CECILLE], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], Université de Lille, Centre d'Études en Civilisations, Langues et Lettres Étrangères - ULR 4074 (CECILLE), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), and Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)
Subjects: [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, Gillian Clarke, [SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, Paleontology, Poetry and the Environment, Zoology
Abstract: International audience; Gillian Clarke’s most recent collections of poems—Making the Beds for the Dead (2004), A Recipe for Water (2009), Ice (2012), and Zoology (2017)—draw on new developments in biological and physical sciences to explore the mutual convergences and constant metamorphoses between organic bodies and inorganic matter. In her recent works, living and non-living bodies evolve and morph into one another through moments of emergence and disappearance, such as embryogenesis, metamorphosis, fossilization, as well as the formation and dissolution of rock and ice. Clarke’s poetry endeavors to reveal the vitality of inorganic matter by registering its moments of change, “a difference in the pulse of things” (“Oestrus”, Z, 46). That renewed interest in science corresponds to an environmental turn. Attending to the energies of nonhuman bodies and non-living matter is part of Clarke’s commitment to environmental poetics. Because she was the national poet of Wales from 2008 to 2016, she is often categorized as a local poet. Yet, her recent poetry, inspired by climate science, rearticulates the local and the global, human temporality and geological times: poetic creation draws on the scientific imagination to alter the scales of space and time.
Published: 2022

14. One century after Liepmann's work on apraxia:Where do we go now?

Author: Angela Bartolo, François Osiurak, Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab) - UMR 9193, Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs [EMC], Université Lumière - Lyon 2 [UL2], Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives - UMR 9193 (SCALab), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EMC), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), and Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Apraxias, Cognitive Neuroscience, Humans, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Abstract: 154
Published: 2022

15. Effects of Immunoglobulins G From Systemic Sclerosis Patients in Normal Dermal Fibroblasts: A Multi-Omics Study

Author: Aurélien Chepy, Solange Vivier, Fabrice Bray, Camille Ternynck, Jean-Pascal Meneboo, Martin Figeac, Alexandre Filiot, Lucile Guilbert, Manel Jendoubi, Christian Rolando, David Launay, Sylvain Dubucquoi, Guillemette Marot, Vincent Sobanski, Service de médecine interne [Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation - U 1286 (INFINITE (Ex-Liric)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 (LIRIC), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l’Analyse et la Protéomique - UAR 3290 (MSAP), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694 (METRICS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Plateformes Lilloises en Biologie et Santé - UAR 2014 - US 41 (PLBS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Immunologie [CHRU Lille], Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), MOdel for Data Analysis and Learning (MODAL), Laboratoire Paul Painlevé (LPP), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694 (METRICS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-École polytechnique universitaire de Lille (Polytech Lille), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation - U 1286 [INFINITE (Ex-Liric)], Institut de Recherche Translationnelle sur l'Inflammation (INFINITE) - U1286, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse et la Protéomique (MSAP) - USR 3290, Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694 [METRICS], Plateformes Lilloises en Biologie et Santé - UAR 2014 - US 41 [PLBS], Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l’Analyse et la Protéomique - UAR 3290 [MSAP], MOdel for Data Analysis and Learning [MODAL], METRICS : Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694, and Institut Universitaire de France [IUF]
Subjects: systemic sclerosis, multi-omics analysis, autoantibodies, proteomics, transcriptomics, Scleroderma, Systemic, Proteome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Fibroblasts, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Immunoglobulin G, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract: International audience; Autoantibodies (Aabs) are frequent in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Although recognized as potent biomarkers, their pathogenic role is debated. This study explored the effect of purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from SSc patients on protein and mRNA expression of dermal fibroblasts (FBs) using an innovative multi-omics approach. Dermal FBs were cultured in the presence of sera or purified IgG from patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), limited cutaneous SSc or healthy controls (HCs). The FB proteome and transcriptome were explored using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and microarray assays, respectively. Proteomic analysis identified 3,310 proteins. SSc sera and purified IgG induced singular protein profile patterns. These FB proteome changes depended on the Aab serotype, with a singular effect observed with purified IgG from anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibody (ATA) positive patients compared to HC or other SSc serotypes. IgG from ATA positive SSc patients induced enrichment in proteins involved in focal adhesion, cadherin binding, cytosolic part, or lytic vacuole. Multi-omics analysis was performed in two ways: first by restricting the analysis of the transcriptomic data to differentially expressed proteins; and secondly, by performing a global statistical analysis integrating proteomics and transcriptomics. Transcriptomic analysis distinguished 764 differentially expressed genes and revealed that IgG from dcSSc can induce extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling changes in gene expression profiles in FB. Global statistical analysis integrating proteomics and transcriptomics confirmed that IgG from SSc can induce ECM remodeling and activate FB profiles. This effect depended on the serotype of the patient, suggesting that SSc Aab might play a pathogenic role in some SSc subsets.
Published: 2022

16. Room temperature optoelectronic devices operating with spin crossover nanoparticles

Author: Marlène Palluel, Bernard Doudin, Jean-Francois Dayen, Nikita Konstantinov, Guillaume Chastanet, Nathalie Daro, Bohdan Kundys, Mohamed Soliman, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The financial support from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (HEROES ANR-17-CE09-0010-01, MIXES ANR-19-CE09-0028) is acknowledged as well as that from the CNRS, University of Bordeaux, and Nouvelle Aquitaine Region. This work of the Interdisciplinary Thematic Institute QMat, as part of the ITI 2021 2028 program of the University of Strasbourg, CNRS and Inserm, was supported by IdEx Unistra (ANR 10 IDEX 0002), and by SFRI STRAT’US project (ANR 20 SFRI 0012) and EUR QMat ANR-18-EUR-0016 under the framework of the French Investments for the Future Program. The Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) for financial support., ANR-17-CE09-0010,HEROES,Nanomatériaux hybrides pour une commutation photo-thermique contrôlée(2017), ANR-19-CE09-0028,MIXES,Hétérostructures de van der Waals à dimensions mixtes pour l'électronique et la spintronique(2019), ANR-10-IDEX-0002,UNISTRA,Par-delà les frontières, l'Université de Strasbourg(2010), ANR-20-SFRI-0012,STRAT'US,Façonner les talents en formation et en recherche à l'Université de Strasbourg(2020), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulin, Stéphane, Nanomatériaux hybrides pour une commutation photo-thermique contrôlée - - HEROES2017 - ANR-17-CE09-0010 - AAPG2017 - VALID, Hétérostructures de van der Waals à dimensions mixtes pour l'électronique et la spintronique - - MIXES2019 - ANR-19-CE09-0028 - AAPG2019 - VALID, Initiative d'excellence - Par-delà les frontières, l'Université de Strasbourg - - UNISTRA2010 - ANR-10-IDEX-0002 - IDEX - VALID, and Façonner les talents en formation et en recherche à l'Université de Strasbourg - - STRAT'US2020 - ANR-20-SFRI-0012 - SFRI - VALID
Subjects: Materials science, Spin states, Spin transition, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Spin crossover, law, Metastability, Molecule, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, business.industry, Graphene, Process Chemistry and Technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Mechanics of Materials, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; Molecular systems can exhibit multi-stimuli switching of their properties, with spin crossover materials having unique magnetic transition triggered by temperature and light, among others. Light-induced room temperature operation is however elusive, as optical changes between metastable spin states require cryogenic temperatures. Furthermore, electrical detection is hampered by the intrinsic low conductivity properties of these materials. We show here how a graphene underlayer reveals the light-induced heating that triggers a spin transition, paving the way for using these molecules for room temperature optoelectronic applications.
Published: 2021

17. From war to wealth? Land policies and the peace economy in Côte d’Ivoire

Author: Jacobo Grajales, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Administratives, Politiques et Sociales - UMR 8026 (CERAPS), Sciences Po Lille - Institut d'études politiques de Lille (IEP Lille)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE41-0001,PWACCOP,Capitalismes agraires en situation de post-conflit. Une perspective comparée(2017), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], and Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Administratives, Politiques et Sociales - UMR 8026 [CERAPS]
Subjects: 050204 development studies, Geography, Planning and Development, Armed conflict, Cote d ivoire, Development, Land policies, Political science, 0502 economics and business, 050602 political science & public administration, Politiques foncières, Formalisation, Côte d’Ivoire, Économie post-conflit, Capitalisme agraire, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture, 05 social sciences, Agrarian capitalism, Capitalism, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 16. Peace & justice, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, 0506 political science, Agrarian society, Spanish Civil War, Economy, Political Science and International Relations, Position (finance), Post-conflict economy, Social structure
Abstract: International audience; This article studies the production of economic domination after the end of the Ivorian armed conflict. It investigates the interaction between post-conflict development policies, people's expectations and fears unleashed by the end of war, and the capacity of local actors to establish external alliances. The inquiry focuses on a region located at the margins of the conflict, but at the core of post-war development schemes. In this warless land, policies implemented in the name of peace provide resources for dominant actors seeking to consolidate their position, thus reinforcing the social structures of agrarian capitalism that had been challenged during the war.; Cet article étudie la production de la domination économique après la fin du conflit armé ivoirien. Il analyse l’interaction entre les politiques de développement et sortie de conflit, les attentes et les craintes déclenchées par la fin de la guerre, et la capacité des acteurs locaux à établir des alliances externes. L’enquête se concentre sur une région située en marge du conflit, mais au cœur des programmes de développement post-conflit. Dans cette terre sans guerre, les politiques mises en œuvre au nom de la paix fournissent des ressources aux acteurs dominants qui cherchent à consolider leur position, renforçant ainsi les structures sociales du capitalisme agraire qui avaient été mises en cause pendant la guerre.
Published: 2020

18. Tuning photoacoustics with nanotransducers via thermal boundary resistance and laser pulse duration

Author: Michele Diego, Marco Gandolfi, Stefano Giordano, Fabien Vialla, Aurélien Crut, Fabrice Vallée, Paolo Maioli, Natalia Del Fatti, Francesco Banfi, FemtoNanoOptics [FemtoNanoOptics], Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Brescia] [Unicatt], Acoustique Impulsionnelle & Magnéto-Acoustique Non linéaire - Fluides, Interfaces Liquides & Micro-Systèmes - IEMN [AIMAN-FILMS - IEMN], Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] [ILM], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], FemtoNanoOptics (FemtoNanoOptics), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Brescia] (Unicatt), Acoustique Impulsionnelle & Magnéto-Acoustique Non linéaire - Fluides, Interfaces Liquides & Micro-Systèmes - IEMN (AIMAN-FILMS - IEMN), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Laboratoire International associé sur les phénomènes Critiques et Supercritiques en électronique fonctionnelle, acoustique et fluidique (LIA LICS/LEMAC), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), This work was partially supported by the LABEX iMUST (No. ANR-10-LABX-0064) of Université de Lyon within the program 'Investissements d'Avenir' (No. ANR-11-IDEX-0007) and by ANR through projects 2D-PRESTO (No. ANR-19-CE09-0027) and ULTRASINGLE (No. ANR-20-CE30-0016). F.B. acknowledges financial support from CNRS through Délégation CNRS 2021–2022., ANR-10-LABX-0064,Imust,Institut for Multiscale Science and Technology : from Fundamental Physics and Chemistry to Engineering in New Material and Processes and Ecotechnologies(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011), ANR-19-CE09-0027,2D-PRESTO,Nano-engénierie 2D à haute pression : au-dela de la straintronique(2019), and ANR-20-CE30-0016,ULTRASINGLE,Transferts d'énergie ultrarapide dans les nano-objets individuels(2020)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Lasers, Interfacial thermal resistance, Nanoelectronics, Medical treatment optimization, Thermal effects, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Acoustic waves, Photoacoustic effects, Graphene, Acoustic phenomena, Nanoparticles, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics
Abstract: International audience; The photoacoustic effect in liquids, generated by metal nanoparticles excited with short laser pulses, offers high contrast imaging and promising medical treatment techniques. Understanding the role of the thermal boundary resistance (TBR) and the laser pulse duration in the generation mechanism of acoustic waves is essential to implement efficient photoacoustic nanotransducers. This work theoretically investigates, for the paradigmatic case of water-immersed gold nanocylinders, the role of the TBR and laser pulse duration in the competition between the launching mechanisms: the thermophone and the mechanophone. In the thermophone, the nanoparticle acts as a nanoheater and the wave is launched by water thermal expansion. In the mechanophone, the nanoparticle directly acts as a nanopiston. Specifically, for a gold–water interface, the thermophone prevails under ns light pulse irradiation, while the mechanophone dominates shortening the pulse to the 10 ps regime. For a graphene-functionalized gold–water interface, instead, the mechanophone dominates over the entire range of explored laser pulse durations. The results point to high-TBR, liquid-immersed nanoparticles as potentially efficient photoacoustic nanogenerators, with the advantage of keeping the liquid environment temperature unaltered.
Published: 2022

19. Path to Clonal Theranostics in Luminal Breast Cancers

Author: Nawale Hajjaji, Soulaimane Aboulouard, Tristan Cardon, Delphine Bertin, Yves-Marie Robin, Isabelle Fournier, Michel Salzet, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - U 1192 (PRISM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), INSERM, Université de Lille, Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - U1192, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] [CHRU Lille], and Institut Universitaire de France [IUF]
Subjects: Cancer Research, mutated and alternative proteomes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], microproteomics, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, functional tumor heterogeneity, spatially resolved MALDI mass spectrometry imaging, drug repurposing and drug target discovery, spatially resolved proteome, luminal breast cancers, clonal theranostics, Oncology, RC254-282, Original Research
Abstract: Integrating tumor heterogeneity in the drug discovery process is a key challenge to tackle breast cancer resistance. Identifying protein targets for functionally distinct tumor clones is particularly important to tailor therapy to the heterogeneous tumor subpopulations and achieve clonal theranostics. For this purpose, we performed an unsupervised, label-free, spatially resolved shotgun proteomics guided by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) on 124 selected tumor clonal areas from early luminal breast cancers, tumor stroma, and breast cancer metastases. 2868 proteins were identified. The main protein classes found in the clonal proteome dataset were enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, membrane-traffic, translational or scaffold proteins, or transporters. As a comparison, gene-specific transcriptional regulators, chromatin related proteins or transmembrane signal receptor were more abundant in the TCGA dataset. Moreover, 26 mutated proteins have been identified. Similarly, expanding the search to alternative proteins databases retrieved 126 alternative proteins in the clonal proteome dataset. Most of these alternative proteins were coded mainly from non-coding RNA. To fully understand the molecular information brought by our approach and its relevance to drug target discovery, the clonal proteomic dataset was further compared to the TCGA breast cancer database and two transcriptomic panels, BC360 (nanoString®) and CDx (Foundation One®). We retrieved 139 pathways in the clonal proteome dataset. Only 55% of these pathways were also present in the TCGA dataset, 68% in BC360 and 50% in CDx. Seven of these pathways have been suggested as candidate for drug targeting, 22 have been associated with breast cancer in experimental or clinical reports, the remaining 19 pathways have been understudied in breast cancer. Among the anticancer drugs, 35 drugs matched uniquely with the clonal proteome dataset, with only 7 of them already approved in breast cancer. The number of target and drug interactions with non-anticancer drugs (such as agents targeting the cardiovascular system, metabolism, the musculoskeletal or the nervous systems) was higher in the clonal proteome dataset (540 interactions) compared to TCGA (83 interactions), BC360 (419 interactions), or CDx (172 interactions). Many of the protein targets identified and drugs screened were clinically relevant to breast cancer and are in clinical trials. Thus, we described the non-redundant knowledge brought by this clone-tailored approach compared to TCGA or transcriptomic panels, the targetable proteins identified in the clonal proteome dataset, and the potential of this approach for drug discovery and repurposing through drug interactions with antineoplastic agents and non-anticancer drugs.
Published: 2021

20. Flame resistance of geopolymer foam coatings for the fire protection of steel

Author: Catherine A. Davy, Gaelle Fontaine, Grégory Tricot, Johan Sarazin, Jerome Hosdez, David Lambertin, Serge Bourbigot, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 (UCCS), Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mécanique Multiphysique Multiéchelle (LaMcube), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’étude des Ciments et Bitumes pour le Conditionnement (LCBC), Département de recherche sur les Procédés et Matériaux pour les Environnements complexes (DPME), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Project: 670747,H2020,ERC-2014-ADG,FireBar-Concept(2016), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)-Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Université de Lille-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de recherche sur les technologies pour l'enrichissement, le démantèlement et les déchets (DE2D), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET) - UMR 8207, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 [UCCS], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE) - UMR 8516, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], Unité de Mécanique de Lille (UML) - ULR 7512, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 [LASIRE], Laboratoire de Mécanique Multiphysique Multiéchelle [LaMcube], and Laboratoire d’étude des Ciments et Bitumes pour le Conditionnement [LCBC]
Subjects: Fire test, Temperature, Stability, Alkali activated cement, Silica fume, Refractory cement, Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Coating, Composite material, Porosity, Metakaolin, Curing (chemistry), Cement, Mechanical Engineering, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Geopolymer, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Mechanics of Materials, Ceramics and Composites, engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; This research investigates the fire resistance of novel geopolymer (GP) foams, based on alkali-activated metakaolin and silica fume (SF). Fresh GP foams are applied as coatings on steel plates. After one week curing, the foams are subjected to a flame burn-through test. Changes in their physico-chemical properties are characterized before and after fire test, mainly with XRD, quantitative MAS NMR, electron probe micro-analysis, quantitative X ray micro-computed tomography and heat conductivity. Results show that GP foams are excellent thermal barriers, providing up to 251 °C less than for uncoated steel plate. Their porosity ranges between 25 and 81%, for typical pore sizes d50 from 0.5 to 3.0 mm 29Si MAS NMR shows that the proportion of GP cement only decreases from 60-68% to 53–58% after fire. SF expands and creates small pores in the coating, which is favorable to decrease heat conductivity by a factor of 2 whatever the foam.
Published: 2021

21. Jetfire lab: Jetfire at reduced scale

Author: Roman Chiva, Virginie Dréan, Serge Bourbigot, Johan Sarazin, Elsa Franchini, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), European Project: 670747,H2020,ERC-2014-ADG,FireBar-Concept(2016), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], and Institut Universitaire de France [IUF]
Subjects: 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Jetfire, bench scale, passive fire protection, similitude, Scale (ratio), Mechanical Engineering, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0201 civil engineering, Test (assessment), [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Mechanics of Materials, Systems engineering, Environmental science, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Abstract: International audience; This article addresses the development of a bench-scale test (jetfire lab) mimicking the fire exposure of the large-scale jetfire facility. An experimental approach was addressed to develop direct correlation and to validate the similitude between bench-scale test and large-scale jetfire. Comparisons were made by testing Zaltex passive fire protection material in the form of panels. Novel setups were designed to make the jetfire lab able to measure time/temperature curves similar to those obtained at a large scale. The assembly of the tested samples was also investigated. An experimental protocol was elaborated to consider the junction between parts of the sample at the reduced scale. Direct correlation was found between the large and the bench scale and it was evidenced that jetfire lab can be used for preliminary study and development of new thermal barriers for fire protection.
Published: 2021

22. A critical review on surface modifications mitigating dairy fouling: [Review]

Author: Guillaume Delaplace, Yannick Coffinier, Maude Jimenez, Manon Saget, Vincent Thomy, Alain Celzard, Caroline de Almeida, Vanessa Fierro, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Université de Lille, Bio-Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems - IEMN (BIOMEMS - IEMN), JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Université de Lille-JUNIA (JUNIA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Université de Lille, NanoBioInterfaces - IEMN (NBI - IEMN), ECONOMICS - ANR-17-CE08-0032 - AAPG2017 - 2017, ANR-17-CE08-0032,ECONOMICS,Design de surfaces anti-encrassantes pour les industries agroalimentaires(2017), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET) - UMR 8207, Institut Jean Lamour [IJL], Institut d'Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520, 56663|||Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), and Renatech Network
Subjects: Hot Temperature, Fouling, Waste management, Continuous flow, Thermal resistance, Water, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Stainless Steel, 040401 food science, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Environmental science, Surface modification, Food-Processing Industry, 0210 nano-technology, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Thermal treatments performed in food processing industries generate fouling. This fouling deposit impairs heat transfer mechanism by creating a thermal resistance, thus leading to regular shutdown of the processes. Therefore, periodic and harsh cleaning-in-place (CIP) procedures are implemented. This CIP involves the use of chemicals and high amounts of water, thus increasing environmental burden. It has been estimated that 80% of production costs are owed to dairy fouling deposit. Since the 1970s, different types of surface modifications have been performed either to prevent fouling deposition (anti-fouling) or to facilitate removal (fouling-release). This review points out the impacts of surface modification on type A dairy fouling and on cleaning behaviors under batch and continuous flow conditions. Both types of anti-fouling and fouling-release coatings are reported as well as the different techniques used to modify stainless steel surface. Finally, methods for testing and characterising the effectiveness of coatings in mitigating dairy fouling are discussed.
Published: 2021

23. Once upon a time in the far south: Influence of local drivers and functional traits on plant invasion in the harsh sub‐Antarctic islands

Author: Jonathan Lenoir, Jonas J. Lembrechts, David Renault, Remi Joly, Manuele Bazzichetto, Marta Carboni, François Massol, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Antwerp (UA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor 'IPEV 136 Subanteco', Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) ' ENVIE', Strategie d'attractivite durable (SAD) Region Bretagne 'INFLICT' [17050], ASICS project [ANR-20-EBI5-0004], Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) FWO [OZ7828], Rita Levi-Montalcini grant, ANR-20-EBI5-0004,ASICS,ASsessing and mitigating the effects of climate change and biological Invasions on the spatial redistribution of biodiversity in Cold environmentS(2020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Massol, Françoi, Carboni, Marta, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lembrechts, Jonas J., Joly, Rémi, and Renault, David
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Perennial plant, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Juncaceae, Plant Science, Alien, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, alien plants, anthropogenic propagule pressure, invasiveness, plant invasion, species distribution models, sub-Antarctic islands, topoclimate, Poaceae, Biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Propagule pressure, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Chemistry, Taxon, Archipelago, Identification (biology), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: AimHere, we aim to: (i) investigate the local effect of environmental and human-related factors on alien plant invasion in sub-Antarctic islands; (ii) explore the relationship between alien species features and their dependence on anthropogenic propagule pressure; and (iii) unravel key traits conferring invasiveness in the sub-Antarctic.LocationPossession Island, Crozet archipelago (French sub-Antarctic islands).TaxonNon-native vascular plants (Poaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Juncaceae).MethodsSingle-species distribution models were used to explore the effect of high-resolution topoclimatic and human-related variables on the occurrence of six of the most aggressive alien plants colonizing French sub-Antarctic islands. Furthermore, the interaction between alien species traits and their response to anthropogenic propagule pressure was analysed by means of a multi-species distribution model. This allowed identifying the features of species that were associated to low dependence on human-assisted introductions, and were thus potentially more invasive.ResultsWe observed two main invasion patterns: low-spread species strongly dependent on anthropogenic propagule pressure and high-spread species limited mainly by harsh climatic conditions. Differences in invasiveness across species mostly related to their residence time, life history and plant height, with older introductions, perennial and low-stature species being more invasive.Main conclusionsThe availability of high-resolution data improved our understanding of the role of environmental and human-related factors in driving alien species distribution on sub-Antarctic islands. At the same time, the identification of alien species features conferring invasiveness may help anticipating future problematic invasions.
Published: 2021

24. Machine learning techniques to characterize functional traits of plankton from image data

Author: Eric C. Orenstein, Sakina‐Dorothée Ayata, Frédéric Maps, Érica C. Becker, Fabio Benedetti, Tristan Biard, Thibault de Garidel‐Thoron, Jeffrey S. Ellen, Filippo Ferrario, Sarah L. C. Giering, Tamar Guy‐Haim, Laura Hoebeke, Morten Hvitfeldt Iversen, Thomas Kiørboe, Jean‐François Lalonde, Arancha Lana, Martin Laviale, Fabien Lombard, Tom Lorimer, Séverine Martini, Albin Meyer, Klas Ove Möller, Barbara Niehoff, Mark D. Ohman, Cédric Pradalier, Jean‐Baptiste Romagnan, Simon‐Martin Schröder, Virginie Sonnet, Heidi M. Sosik, Lars S. Stemmann, Michiel Stock, Tuba Terbiyik‐Kurt, Nerea Valcárcel‐Pérez, Laure Vilgrain, Guillaume Wacquet, Anya M. Waite, Jean‐Olivier Irisson, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research - IOLR (ISRAEL), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), DTU Centre for Ocean Life, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Laboratoire de Vision et Systèmes Numériques (LVSN), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Kiel University, University of Rhode Island (URI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Cukurova University, Centro Oceanografico de Malaga [Fuengirola, Spain] (COM), Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Málaga (Spain), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (IFREMER EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Belmont Forum, Université Laval, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Research Foundation - Flanders, ETH Zürich, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Institut Universitaire de France, Simons Foundation, Sorbonne Université, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Halieutique Grand Ouest (HALGO), Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Málaga., ANR-19-CE01-0006,RhiCycle,Role des Rhizaria dans les cycles biogéochimiques de l'océan épi- et mésoplélagique(2019), ANR-18-BELM-0003,WWW.PIC,World Wide Web of Plankton Image Curation(2018), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche [LOV], Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 [LOG], Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] [UFSC], Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] [IBP], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement [CEREGE], National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] [NOC], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [UGENT], Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research [AWI], Laboratoire de Vision et Systèmes Numériques [LVSN], Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats [IMEDEA], Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux [LIEC], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] [EAWAG], Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie [MIO], Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique [EMH], University of Rhode Island [URI], Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution [WHOI], and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer [IFREMER]
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION, CELL-VOLUME, Functional trait-based ecology, plankton, imaging, machine learning, PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS, Biology and Life Sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, SIZE, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, PHYTOPLANKTON, LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS, FLUORESCENCE, Medio Marino, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, GONAD MORPHOLOGY, MARINE COPEPODS, PELAGIC COPEPODS, SDG 15 - Life on Land
Abstract: Plankton imaging systems supported by automated classification and analysis have improved ecologists' ability to observe aquatic ecosystems. Today, we are on the cusp of reliably tracking plankton populations with a suite of lab-based and in situ tools, collecting imaging data at unprecedentedly fine spatial and temporal scales. But these data have potential well beyond examining the abundances of different taxa; the individual images themselves contain a wealth of information on functional traits. Here, we outline traits that could be measured from image data, suggest machine learning and computer vision approaches to extract functional trait information from the images, and discuss promising avenues for novel studies. The approaches we discuss are data agnostic and are broadly applicable to imagery of other aquatic or terrestrial organisms., SDA acknowledges funding from CNRS for her sabbatical in 2018–2020. JOI acknowledges funding from the Belmont Forum, grant ANR-18-BELM-0003-01. This work is a contribution to the scientific program of Québec Océan and the Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (UMI3376; CNRS - Université Laval). FM was supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant (RGPIN-2014-05433). MS is supported by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO17/PDO/067). FB received support from ETH Zürich. MDO is supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the U.S. National Science Foundation. ECB is supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) under the grant agreement no. 88882.438735/2019-01. TB is supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR-19-CE01-0006). NVP is supported by the Spanish State Research Agency, Ministry of Science and Innovation (PTA2016-12822-I). FL is supported by the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF). HMS was supported by the Simons Foundation (561126) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (CCF-1539256, OCE-1655686). LS was supported by the Chair VISION from CNRS/Sorbonne Université.
Published: 2021

25. Polycomb-dependent differential chromatin compartmentalization determines gene coregulation in Arabidopsis

Author: Jing An, Javier Antunez-Sanchez, Natalia Y. Rodriguez-Granados, Martin Crespi, David Latrasse, Ying Huang, Juan Sebastian Ramirez-Prado, Magdy M. Mahfouz, Federico Ariel, Lorenzo Concia, Moussa Benhamed, Sanchari Sicar, Deborah Manza-Mianza, Fredy Barneche, Heribert Hirt, Aline V. Probst, José F. Gutierrez-Marcos, Rim Brik-Chaouche, Catherine Bergounioux, Cécile Raynaud, Simon Amiard, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Warwick [Coventry], King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Universidad Nacional del Litoral [Santa Fe] (UNL), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)China Scholar Council fellowships 201806690005, ANR-19-CE20-0001,3DWheat,Une approche tridimensionnelle de génomique fonctionnelle pour identifier les cibles contrôlant la réponse au stress thermique chez le blé(2019), Raynaud, Cécile, and Une approche tridimensionnelle de génomique fonctionnelle pour identifier les cibles contrôlant la réponse au stress thermique chez le blé - - 3DWheat2019 - ANR-19-CE20-0001 - AAPG2019 - VALID
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], macromolecular substances, Interactome, HiChIP, Capture Hi-C, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, Transcription (biology), Arabidopsis, [SDV.GEN.GPL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, Genetics (clinical), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Epigenomics, Chromatin loops, biology, biology.organism_classification, Chromatin, Cell biology, Chromatin architecture, Polycomb, Histone, biology.protein, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Chromatin Loop, Reprogramming
Abstract: In animals, distant H3K27me3-marked Polycomb targets can establish physical interactions forming repressive chromatin hubs. In plants, growing evidence suggests that H3K27me3 acts directly or indirectly to regulate chromatin interactions, although how this histone modification modulates 3D chromatin architecture remains elusive. To decipher the impact of the dynamic deposition of H3K27me3 on the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear interactome, we combined genetics, transcriptomics, and several 3D epigenomic approaches. By analyzing mutants defective for histone H3K27 methylation or demethylation, we uncovered the crucial role of this chromatin mark in short- and previously unnoticed long-range chromatin loop formation. We found that a reduction in H3K27me3 levels led to a decrease in the interactions within Polycomb-associated repressive domains. Regions with lower H3K27me3 levels in the H3K27 methyltransferase clf mutant established new interactions with regions marked with H3K9ac, a histone modification associated with active transcription, indicating that a reduction in H3K27me3 levels induces a global reconfiguration of chromatin architecture. Altogether, our results reveal that the 3D genome organization is tightly linked to reversible histone modifications that govern chromatin interactions. Consequently, nuclear organization dynamics shapes the transcriptional reprogramming during plant development and places H3K27me3 as a key feature in the coregulation of distant genes.
Published: 2021

26. Interaction between dislocation and vacancies in magnesium oxide: Insights from atomistic simulations and elasticity theory

Author: Landeiro Dos Reis, M. (Marie), Carrez, P. (Philippe), Cordier, P. (Patrick), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), ANR-16-IDEX-0004,ULNE,ULNE(2016), European Project: 787198,ERC-2017-ADG,TimeMan(2019), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], and Institut Universitaire de France [IUF]
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; We determine the interaction between an 1/2{-110} edge dislocation and charged vacancies in MgO, using both molecular static simulations and the elasticity theory developed in the framework of the elastic dipole approach. In this study, the confrontation of these two methods highlights the specific role of the dislocation core structure on the interaction. We thus show that in MgO, the edge dislocation core, within a region across the glide planes that expands over several Burgers vector, is strongly attractive for vacancies, especially those of oxygen. However, the resulting pinning force on the dislocation remains weak and should not contribute to a significant hardening.
Published: 2021

27. Pro-oxidant/Antioxidant Balance During a Prolonged Exposure to Moderate Altitude in Athletes Exhibiting Exercise-Induced Hypoxemia at Sea-Level

Author: Antoine Raberin, Vincent Pialoux, Elie Nader, Gauthier Alfonsi, Fabienne Durand, Chantal L. Rytz, Jorge Lopez Ayerbe, Patrick Mucci, Laboratoire Européen Performance Santé Altitude (LEPSA), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 (URePSSS), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille, University of Calgary, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Université de Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369, Laboratoire Européen Performance Santé Altitude [LEPSA], Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité [LIBM ], Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 [URePSSS], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.disease_cause, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Nitric oxide, Hypoxemia, Superoxide dismutase, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, arterial desaturation, oxidative stress, aerobic performance, lcsh:Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, chemistry.chemical_classification, reactive oxygen species, biology, business.industry, hypoxia, Glutathione peroxidase, Paleontology, 030229 sport sciences, Hypoxia (medical), Pro-oxidant, acclimatization, Endocrinology, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, biology.protein, lcsh:Q, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Respiratory minute volume, Oxidative stress
Abstract: This study examined to what extent athletes exhibiting exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) possess an altered redox status at rest, in response to exercise at sea level (SL) and during moderate altitude exposure. EIH was defined as a fall in arterial O2 saturation of at least 4% during exercise. Nine endurance athletes with EIH and ten without (NEIH) performed a maximal incremental test under three conditions: SL, one (H1) and five (H2) days after arrival to 2400 m. Gas exchange and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) were continuously monitored. Blood was sampled before exercise and after exercise cessation. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), catalase, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were measured in plasma by spectrophotometry. EIH athletes had higher AOPP and NOx concentrations at pre- and post-exercise stages compared to NEIH at SL, H2 but not at H1. Only the EIH group experienced increased SOD activity between pre- and post-exercise exercise at SL and H2 but not at H1. EIH athletes had exacerbated oxidative stress compared to the NEIH athletes at SL and H2. These differences were blunted at H1. Oxidative stress did not alter the EIH groups’ aerobic performance and could lead to higher minute ventilation at H2. These results suggest that higher oxidative stress response EIH athletes could be involved in improved aerobic muscle functionality and a greater ventilatory acclimatization during prolonged hypoxia.
Published: 2021

28. Recent developments in fire retardancy of polybutylene succinate

Author: Serge Bourbigot, Gaelle Fontaine, Fei Xiao, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], and Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Fire retardancy, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Polybutylene succinate, Flame retardant, Intumescence, Materials Chemistry, Flammability, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Petrochemical, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, 13. Climate action, Mechanics of Materials, 0210 nano-technology, Intumescent, Fire retardant
Abstract: International audience; Owing to the strong public concerns about environmental protection and potential energy crisis (fossil fuels), there is a global trend of substitution of petrochemical-based polymers towards biopolymers. Polybutylene succinate (PBS), as an emerging biobased and biodegradable polymer, has drawn a great deal of interest in a number of fields. However, high flammability of PBS constitutes a major obstacle for its potential application. In this study, based on the available literature, the approaches used for the flame retardancy of PBS are systematically reviewed. Those approaches include inorganic (nano)particles, lignin, and intumescent flame retardant systems. This comprehensive review aims to outline the recent research advances in the field of flame retardancy of PBS, focusing on the preparation, properties, and mechanisms. Finally, a brief summary and perspective in flame retarding PBS is also given, which may be able to inspire the development of future research and application.
Published: 2021

29. The core structure of screw dislocations with [001] Burgers vector in Mg2SiO4 olivine

Author: Mahendran, Srinivasan, Carrez, Philippe, Cordier, Patrick, Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), European Project: 787198,ERC-2017-ADG,TimeMan(2019), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)
Subjects: Structure de coeur, Plasticité, Core structure, Crystal plasticity, Olivine, Atomistic simulations, Dislocation glide, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Dislocation, Glissement, Simulations à l’échelle atomique
Abstract: International audience; In this study, we report atomistic calculations of the core structure of screw dislocations with [001] Burgers vector in Mg2SiO4 olivine. Computations based on the THB1 empirical potential set for olivine show that the stable core configurations of the screw dislocations correspond to a dissociation in {110} planes involving collinear partial dislocations. As a consequence, glide appears to be favorable in {110} planes at low temperature. This study also highlights the difference between dislocation glide mechanism in {110} versus (010) or (100) for which glide is expected to occur through a locking–unlocking mechanism.; Dans cette étude, nous présentons les résultats de calculs atomiques de la structure de coeur de la dislocation vis de vecteur de Burgers [001] dans l’olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. Nos simulations, reposant sur l’utilisation du potentiel semi-empirique THB1, montrent que la configuration stable de la dislocation vis correspond à une structure de coeur dissociée dans les plans {110}. A basse température, le glissement des dislocations de vecteur de Burgers [001] dans les plans {110} de l’olivine est donc favorisé.
Published: 2021

30. Phenotyping features in the genesis of pre-scriptural gestures in children to assess handwriting developmental levels

Author: Laurence, Vaivre-Douret, Clémence, Lopez, Audrey, Dutruel, Sébastien, Vaivre, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Universitaire de France, IUF: L17P99-IUF004, This research was supported by the University Institute of France (Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, Grant no. L17P99-IUF004). We are grateful to the teachers of schools and to the children and their families who agreed to participate in this study. Finally, we would like to thank on the one hand, Phillipe Wallon for the digital pen and Matthieu Jobert, MSc, who developed the programming algorithms to measure spatial-temporal and kinematics variables with the digital pen, and on the other hand, Ségolène Mouveaux (Psychomotor therapist) who participated to assess the reliability of videotaped observation, Helena Brunel, PhD, (Department of Engineering of Automatic Systems and Industrial Computing, Polytecnic University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain) for her advice and input on statistical issues., HAL UVSQ, Équipe, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité - UFR Médecine [Santé] (UPCité UFR Médecine), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)
Subjects: Male, Handwriting, Gestures, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health care, Hand, Paediatric research, Article, Biomechanical Phenomena, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cross-Sectional Studies, Phenotype, Motor Skills, Humans, Medicine, Female, Prospective Studies, Child, Psychomotor Performance
Abstract: International audience; Acquiring writing skills is a long developmental process that is conditioned by both the mastery of the gesture and the spatio-temporal arrangement of characters across the page. While the researches in the literature mainly focused on spatio-temporal and kinematics parameters of tracing letters or words using digitizing tablets, no recent research has previously studied the developmental prerequisites of the organization of handwriting useful for clinical assessment and remediation. Aims of the present study was to investigate and validate the phenotyping of the developmental genesis of pre-scriptural graphomotor gestures among school-aged children in achieving correct handwriting. The subject was examined in depth in an ecological setting similar to school, with the objective of assessing handwriting developmental levels. The pre-scriptural graphomotor task studied was to copy a line of cycloid loops on a paper sheet put on the table. This task was chosen because it reflects the execution of the hand movements from one end of the line to the other and in an anti-clockwise direction, as in handwriting. A new methodological approach was applied incorporating both the maturative evolution of postural-gestural features (video-recorded for analysis in 2D reconstruction) and spatio-temporal/kinematic measures collected with a digital pen connected to an analysis software tool to assess the developmental level and provide an understanding of the phenotypical features of the graphomotor gesture. And we also evidence the concurrent validity of the data in displacements, and the better are the spatio-temporal and kinematic measures. Consequently there are phenotypical features, both postural-gestural and spatio-temporal/kinematic in the developmental genesis of the graphomotor gesture with an easy pre-scriptural task. Typically developing school children from 1st to 5th grade, was collected from elementary schools. Five main patterns of displacement gestures were found for the production of the line of loops with a significant developmental progress from 1st to 5th grade. In addition, significant results in comparisons with spatio-temporal and kinematic age-related normative data were highlighted, associated with the quality of the coordination gesture. Lastly external validity in relation to normative values with the standardized handwriting scale BHK (French adaptation of the Concise Evaluation Scale for Children’s handwriting) showed certain significant correlations with spatio-temporal and kinematic measures and the evolution of the displacement gestures (five patterns) used to draw the loops. The better the motor control of the handwriting gesture, the less variety there is in inter-segmental and joint-scriptural task, enabling handwriting developmental levels to be assessed in screening for handwriting disorders, possibly co-occurring with other learning disabilities, and also useful in clinical decision-making processes for handwriting remediation, or simply to assist handwriting gesture acquisition in elementary school.
Published: 2021

31. Influence of visual control on the quality of graphic gesture in children with handwriting disorders

Author: Lopez, Clémence, Vaivre-Douret, Laurence, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Fondation de France, Institut Universitaire de France, IUF: L17P99-IUF004, Fondation pour la Recherche en Psychomotricité et Maladies de Civilisation, FRPMC, We are grateful to the children and their families who took part in the study. This study was supported by the 'Institut Universitaire de France' (IUF), Grant n° L17P99-IUF004, Paris, France, and partly by the 'Fondation de France', with the 'Fondation pour la Recherche en Psychomotricité et Maladies de Civilisation (FRPMC)'., Université Paris Cité – UFR Institut de psychologie [Sociétés et Humanités] (UPCité UFR Psychologie), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris Cité - UFR Sciences humaines et sociales [Sociétés et Humanités] (UPCité UFR SHS), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité - UFR Médecine [Santé] (UPCité UFR Médecine), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Service d'endocrinologie, gynécologie et diabétologie pédiatriques [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and HAL UVSQ, Équipe
Subjects: Male, Handwriting, Gestures, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cognitive neuroscience, Hand, Article, Biomechanical Phenomena, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Feedback, Sensory, Motor Skills, Cognitive control, Medicine, Humans, Female, Child, Kinesthesis
Abstract: International audience; Handwriting disorders (HD) are considered one of the major public health problems among school-aged children worldwide with significant interference on academic performances. The current study hypothesized that HD could be partly explained by a deficit in sensory feedback processing during handwriting. To explore this hypothesis, we have analyzed the effect of vision suppression on postural-gestural and on spatial/temporal/kinematic organization of drawing during an early pre-scriptural loop task with a digital pen, under two conditions: eyes open and eyes closed. Data collected from 35 children with HD were compared to data collected from typical children (typical group) from primary schools. The HD group showed significantly poorer postural control and an improvement on the spatial/temporal/kinematic organization of drawings when they closed their eyes compared to eyes opened. While in the typical group, postural-gestural organization became significantly more mature but there was no significant influence found on spatial/temporal/kinematic parameters of the loops. Thus, handwriting disorders could be explained by both proprioceptive/kinesthetic feedback disabilities and a disruptive effect of the visual control on the quality of the pre-scriptural drawings among these children who have kinesthetic memory and visuospatial disabilities. The ability of directing the strokes would remain dependent on sensory feedbacks, themselves insufficiently efficient, which would lead to difficulties in reaching a proactive control of handwriting. This current research is a liable contribution to enhance clinical practice, useful in clinical decision-making processes for handwriting disorders remediation.
Published: 2021

32. Unlocking our understanding of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams with genomic tools

Author: Thibault Datry, Rachel Stubbington, Alexander Weigand, Arnaud Foulquier, Florian Leese, Agnès Bouchez, Rosetta C. Blackman, Tristan Lefébure, Florian Altermatt, Maïlys Gauthier, University of Zurich, Blackman, Rosetta C, Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag : Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Tecnology, Institut of Integrative Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Équipe 3 - Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains (E3S), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INRAE, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIVERSITY GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), National Museum of Natural History [Luxembourg], Aquatic Ecosystem Research Group, University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Mathematics, Essen, Germany, EU COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) program : CA15113, CA15219, H2020 European Research and Innovation action : 869226, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) : 31003A_173074, European Commission : PP00P3_179089, University of Zurich Research Priority Programme 'URPP Global Change and Biodiversity', Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Nottingham Trent University, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), European Project: CA15219,DNAqua-Net, European Project: CA15113,SMIRES, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), University of Duisburg-Essen, and Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Metacommunity, UFSP13-8 Global Change and Biodiversity, Evolution, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, 03 medical and health sciences, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Global warming, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Fresh water, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Ephemeral streams, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 2303 Ecology, Biologie
Abstract: International audience; Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) – waterways in which flow ceases periodically or that dry completely – are found worldwide, and their frequency and extent are expected to increase in the future in response to global climate change and growing anthropogenic demand for fresh water. Repeated wet–dry cycles generate highly dynamic settings within river networks composed of aquatic and terrestrial habitats, which act as evolutionary triggers for aquatic and terrestrial biota. Drying also alters functions and processes within river networks, with consequences for ecosystem services. Despite the emergence of promising conceptual and methodological developments, our understanding of the occurrence and diversity of organisms in these ecosystems is limited primarily due to their coupled aquatic–terrestrial characteristics. Novel genomic tools based on high-throughput sequencing have the potential to tackle unanswered questions of pivotal importance to predict future change in IRES. Here, we outline why genomic tools are needed to assess these dynamic ecosystems from the population to the metacommunity scale, and their potential role in bridging ecological–evolutionary dynamics.
Published: 2021

33. A new agarose-based microsystem to investigate cell response to prolonged confinement

Author: Catherine Barentin, Sylvain Lefort, Charlotte Rivière, Véronique Maguer-Satta, Gilles Simon, Audrey Prunet, Jean-Paul Rieu, Hélène Delanoë-Ayari, Boris Guyot, S. Saci, B. Laperrousaz, Françoise Argoul, Stéphanie Gobert, Biophysique (BIOPHYSIQUE), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Liquides et interfaces (L&I), Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'ingénierie Thérapeutique UMR 5305 (LBTI), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the Institut Convergence PLASCAN, the Ligue Contre le Cancer foundation, the 'Institut Universitaire de France' (IUF), the 'Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale' (FRM) for part of A. Prunet's salary and the 'Fondation de France' and Alte SMP for part of S. Lefort's salary., and VIDAL, Armelle
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Stromal cell, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 02 engineering and technology, Matrix (biology), Biochemistry, [PHYS] Physics [physics], 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Viability assay, Cytoskeleton, Cell Proliferation, Cell Nucleus, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Cell growth, Sepharose, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Cell biology, Extracellular Matrix, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cell culture, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Immunostaining
Abstract: International audience; Emerging evidence suggests the importance of mechanical stimuli in normal and pathological situations for the control of many critical cellular functions. While the effect of matrix stiffness has been and is still extensively studied, few studies have focused on the role of mechanical stresses. The main limitation of such analyses is the lack of standard in vitro assays enabling extended mechanical stimulation compatible with dynamic biological and biophysical cell characterization. We have developed an agarose-based microsystem, the soft cell confiner, which enables the precise control of confinement for single or mixed cell populations. The rigidity of the confiner matches physiological conditions and its porosity enables passive medium renewal. It is compatible with time-lapse microscopy, in situ immunostaining, and standard molecular analyses, and can be used with both adherent and non-adherent cell lines. Cell proliferation of various cell lines (hematopoietic cells, MCF10A epithelial breast cells and HS27A stromal cells) was followed for several days up to confluence using video-microscopy and further documented by Western blot and immunostaining. Interestingly, even though the nuclear projected area was much larger upon confinement, with many highly deformed nuclei (non-circular shape), cell viability, assessed by live and dead cell staining, was unaffected for up to 8 days in the confiner. However, there was a decrease in cell proliferation upon confinement for all cell lines tested. The soft cell confiner is thus a valuable tool to decipher the effects of long-term confinement and deformation on the biology of cell populations. This tool will be instrumental in deciphering the impact of nuclear and cytoskeletal mechanosensitivity in normal and pathological conditions involving highly confined situations, such as those reported upon aging with fibrosis or during cancer.
Published: 2020

34. Introduction. Entreprises, territoires et pouvoirs politiques : localiser l’analyse du capitalisme extractif

Author: Jacobo Grajales, Guillaume Vadot, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Administratives, Politiques et Sociales - UMR 8026 (CERAPS), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], and Centre d'Études et de Recherches Administratives, Politiques et Sociales (CERAPS) - UMR 8026
Subjects: entreprise, capitalism, compagny, political topographies, commodities, local authorities, capitalisme, matières premières, Sociology and Political Science, Embeddedness, pouvoirs locaux, media_common.quotation_subject, Politics, State (polity), Political science, Legitimacy, media_common, territoire, Liberalization, Capitalism, Matter of fact, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, Political economy, Commodity (Marxism)
Abstract: Vingt ans après le début du boom des commodities, qu’en est-il des formes d’autorité politique qui prévalent dans les espaces dédiés à l’extraction des matières premières et souvent présentés comme les nouvelles frontières du capitalisme ? En prenant pour terrains d’enquêtes des sites miniers, pétroliers, métallurgiques et agro-industriels ainsi que les entreprises qui les exploitent, les contributions rassemblées dans ce dossier témoignent toutes des complications que subit, au local, le projet de cantonnement de l’État dans un rôle de courtier pour les investisseurs. La présente introduction se propose de revenir sur les processus qui produisent, le plus souvent à leur corps défendant, ces ancrages politiques et sociaux des entreprises extractives. Le recul historique dont on dispose depuis la grande vague de privatisations et de libéralisation économique de la fin des années 1990 permet désormais d’observer ces nouveaux espaces extractifs dans la durée et dans leur quotidienneté. Au vu de la résurgence de mécanismes de représentation et de formes d’autorité qui, nourries souvent par des mobilisations locales contestataires, échappent aux entreprises et parviennent même souvent à s’emparer d’un certain degré d’étaticité, il nous apparaît manifeste que ces dernières ne sont pas les enclaves extractives qu’un certain imaginaire du capitalisme contemporain continue à postuler. Au contraire, ces processus incrémentaux tendent à en faire des parties prenantes de territoires politiques négociés et qu’il s’agit de prendre au sérieux. Two decades after the beginning of the last commodity boom, what is the state of political authority in places dedicated to the extraction of raw materials and often seen as new frontiers of capitalism? By taking mining, oil, metallurgical, and agribusiness sites—and the companies that come along—as fields of investigation, the contributions gathered in this special issue are a testament to the failed endeavor of bounding the state to the mere role of a broker, charged with facilitating the operations of international capital. This introduction outlines a synthetic view of the multiple processes that are responsible for the social and political anchoring of extractive companies, most often despite these latter’s intentions. The historical perspective granted by the almost three decades passed since the great wave of privatization and liberalization of the 1990s enables a more accurate view of these extractive spaces; one that is attentive to longer term trends and everyday life. Nurtured by local mobilizations, a variegated panel of forms of representation and authority have sometimes gained a certain autonomy from companies and have even been able to successfully invoke statehood in their quest for legitimacy. In that sense, we argue that these firms can seldom be described through the popular image of extractive “enclaves.” As a matter of fact, these incremental processes tend to strengthen their embeddedness within larger political topographies. n° 132;4
Published: 2020

35. A phase inversion benchmark for multiscale multiphase flows

Author: Estivalezes, J.-L., Aniszewski, W., Auguste, F., Ling, Y., Osmar, L., Caltagirone, J.-P., Chirco, L., Pedrono, A., Popinet, S., Berlemont, A., Magnaudet, J., Ménard, T., Vincent, S., Zaleski, S., Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle (MSME), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie de Bordeaux (I2M), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ONERA / DMPE, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], PRES Université de Toulouse-ONERA, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), CERFACS, Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Baylor University, ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP), Fluides Complexes et Instabilités Hydrodynamiques (IJLRDA-FCIH), Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), ANR-11-MONU-0011,MODEMI,Modélisation et Simulation Multi-échelle des Interfaces(2011), Arts et métiers science et technologie Bordeaux (FRANCE), Bordeaux INP - BINP (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Rouen - INSA (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Université Gustave Eiffel (FRANCE), Université de Rouen - UR (FRANCE), Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne - UPEC (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Baylor University - BU (USA), Université de Bordeaux (FRANCE), Université Paris-Est Marne-La-Vallée - UPEM (FRANCE), Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse - IMFT (Toulouse, France), and Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert - IJLRA (Paris, France)
Subjects: Water-oil flow, Mécanique des fluides, Volume of fluid, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Benchmark, Volume of Fluid method, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Multiphase flow benchmark, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Phase inversion, [MATH]Mathematics [math], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Volume of fluid method, Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), Level-set method, Phase inversion flow, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), Level set, Atomization, Multiphase flows, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Level-Set method, Ghost fluid, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: A series of benchmarks based on the physical situation of "phase inversion" between two immiscible liquids is presented. These benchmarks aim at progressing toward the direct numerical simulation of two-phase flows. Several CFD codes developed in French laboratories and using either Volume-of-Fluid or Level-Set interface tracking methods are used to provide physical solutions of the benchmarks, convergence studies and code comparisons. Two typical configurations are retained, with integral scale Reynolds numbers of 13.700 and 433.000, respectively. The physics of the problem are probed through macroscopic quantities such as potential and kinetic energies, or enstrophy. In addition, scaling laws for the temporal decay of the kinetic energy are derived to check the physical relevance of the simulations. Finally the droplet size distribution is probed. Additional test problems are also reported to estimate the influence of viscous effects in the vicinity of the interface., 35 pages, 35 figures, third revision submitted to J. Comput. Phys
Published: 2020

36. MXenes as High-Rate Electrodes for Energy Storage

Author: Pierre-Louis Taberna, Patrice Simon, Zifeng Lin, Hui Shao, Kui Xu, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Collège de France (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Paris Sciences & Lettres - PSL (FRANCE), Sichuan University - SCU (CHINA), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), Nanjing Tech University (CHINA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier (FRANCE), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux - CIRIMAT (Toulouse, France), Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Nanjing Tech University, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Battery (electricity), Materials science, Energy storage, Matériaux, Battery, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, Electrochemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High rate, Supercapacitor, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 2D materials, 0104 chemical sciences, Electrode, 0210 nano-technology, MXenes, MXene, Electrochemical capacitors
Abstract: International audience; Two-dimensional transition-metal carbides/nitrides, namely MXenes, are gaining increasing interest in many research ﬁelds, including electrochemical energy storage. This short review article emphasizes some recent breakthroughs achieved in MXene chemistry and electrochemical performance when used as high-rate electrodes, especially in nonaqueous electrolytes. Lastly, the current limitations and future perspectives are highlighted.
Published: 2020

37. The matrix revolutions: towards the decoding of the plant chromatin three-dimensional reality

Author: Cécile Raynaud, David Latrasse, Ying Huang, Juan Sebastian Ramirez-Prado, Natalia Y. Rodriguez-Granados, Moussa Benhamed, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), This work was funded by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR (3DWheat ANR-19-CE20-0001-01) and (EPICLISPE ANR-18-CE20-0015) projects, and by the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF). YH is funded by the China Scholarship Council (grant agreement 201806690005)., ANR-19-CE20-0001,3DWheat,Une approche tridimensionnelle de génomique fonctionnelle pour identifier les cibles contrôlant la réponse au stress thermique chez le blé(2019), and ANR-18-CE20-0015,EPICLIPSE,Dynamique des marques épigénétiques dans les cellules hôtes infectées et subversion de l'épigénome par le pathogène.(2018)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Transcription factories, transcription factories, ICONS, Physiology, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Chromosomes, Plant, Chromosome conformation capture, 03 medical and health sciences, Hierarchical organization, Animals, TADs, Gene, Topology (chemistry), 2. Zero hunger, Cell Nucleus, chromosome configuration, food and beverages, ploidy, R-loops, Compartmentalization (psychology), [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Plants, chromatin loops, Chromatin, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Chromatin conformation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: In recent years, we have witnessed a significant increase in studies addressing the three-dimensional (3D) chromatin organization of the plant nucleus. Important advances in chromatin conformation capture (3C)-derived and related techniques have allowed the exploration of the nuclear topology of plants with large and complex genomes, including various crops. In addition, the increase in their resolution has permitted the depiction of chromatin compartmentalization and interactions at the gene scale. These studies have revealed the highly complex mechanisms governing plant nuclear architecture and the remarkable knowledge gaps in this field. Here we discuss the state-of-the-art in plant chromosome architecture, including our knowledge of the hierarchical organization of the genome in 3D space and regarding other nuclear components. Furthermore, we highlight the existence in plants of topologically associated domain (TAD)-like structures that display striking differences from their mammalian counterparts, proposing the concept of ICONS—intergenic condensed spacers. Similarly, we explore recent advances in the study of chromatin loops and R-loops, and their implication in the regulation of gene activity. Finally, we address the impact that polyploidization has had on the chromatin topology of modern crops, and how this is related to phenomena such as subgenome dominance and biased gene retention in these organisms.
Published: 2020

38. Temperature and nutrient effects on the relative importance of brown and green pathways for stream ecosystem functioning: A mesocosm approach

Author: Alice Gossiaux, Alexandre Bec, Pascal Poupin, Vincent Felten, Martin Laviale, Quentin Bachelet, François Guérold, Marc Rollin, Michael Danger, Eric Chauvet, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle [LTSER France] (ZAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), This work was supported by the French National Research Agency program FunctionalStream project (ANR-14-CE01-0009) to E.C. M.D. benefited from the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)., ANR-14-CE01-0009,FunctionalStreams,Discriminer l'impact des composantes du changement global sur les cours d'eau de tête de bassin(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Clermont Auvergne - UCA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Lorraine (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Aquatic Science, top-down versus bottomup control, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Decomposer, Mesocosm, Headwater streams, Nutrient, Ecosystem, Fatty acids, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, Top-down versus bottom-up control, Biomass (ecology), Decomposition, Primary production, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic ecosystem, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, headwater streams, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; In addition to global warming, aquatic ecosystems are currently facing multiple global changes among which include changes in nitrogen (N) loads. While several studies have investigated both temperature and N impacts on aquatic ecosystems independently, knowledge on their interactive effects remains scarce. In forested headwater streams, decomposition of leaf litter represents the main process ensuring the transfer of nutrients and energy to higher trophic levels, followed by autochthonous primary production, mainly ensured by phototrophic biofilms. The main aim of this study was to disentangle the independent and combined effects of temperature increase and nutrient availability on the relative importance of brown and green processes involved in stream functioning. We hypothesised that water temperature and nutrients would lead to a general increase in leaf‐litter decomposition and primary production, but that the intensity of these effects would be largely modulated by competitive interactions arising between microorganisms as well as by the top‐down control of microorganisms by macro‐invertebrates. Macro‐invertebrates would, in turn, be bottom‐up controlled by microbial resources quality. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a 56‐day experiment in artificial streams containing leaf litter, microbial decomposers and biofilm inoculum, and an assemblage of macro‐invertebrates. Two water inorganic N:phosphorus (P) ratios (33 and 100, molar ratios) and two temperatures (ambient, +2°C) were manipulated, each treatment being replicated three times. Fungal and biofilm growth as well as leaf‐litter decomposition and primary production were quantified. Top‐down impacts of invertebrate primary consumers on brown and green compartments were evaluated using exclosures while bottom‐up control was evaluated through the measurement of resource stoichiometry and fatty acid profiles, as well as quantification of macro‐invertebrate growth and survival. Contrary to expectations, microbial decomposition was not significantly stimulated by nutrient or temperature manipulations, while primary production was only improved under ambient temperature. In the + 2°C treatment with high N:P, greater biofilm biomass was associated with lower fungal development, which indicates competition for nutrients in these conditions. Temperature increased macro‐invertebrate growth and leaf‐litter consumption, but this effect was independent of any improvement of basal resource quality, suggesting that temperature mediated changes in consumer metabolism and activity was the main mechanism involved. Most of our hypotheses that were based on simplified laboratory observations have been rejected in our semi‐controlled mesocosms. Our study suggests that the complexity of biological communities might greatly affect the response of ecosystems to multiple stressors, and that interactions between organisms must be explicitly taken into account when investigating the impacts of global change on ecosystem functioning.
Published: 2020

39. A land full of opportunities? Agrarian frontiers, policy narratives and the political economy of peace in Colombia

Author: Jacobo Grajales, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Administratives, Politiques et Sociales - UMR 8026 (CERAPS), Sciences Po Lille - Institut d'études politiques de Lille (IEP Lille)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE41-0001,PWACCOP,Capitalismes agraires en situation de post-conflit. Une perspective comparée(2017), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], and Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Administratives, Politiques et Sociales - UMR 8026 [CERAPS]
Subjects: Peacetime, Commodity, Context (language use), Development, Colombia, 050601 international relations, Policy narratives, Frontier, Consolidation (business), Political science, 050602 political science & public administration, Agribusiness, Government, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, Agrarian frontiers, 16. Peace & justice, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, 0506 political science, Agrarian society, Post-conflict development policies, Political economy, 8. Economic growth, Rural area
Abstract: International audience; In many post-war countries, the relative security brought to rural areas is construed by government officials and business actors as an opportunity for development. This is particularly true for marginal areas, where opportunities for economic development had previously been hindered by the threat of violence. This provides a favourable context for the construction of commodity frontiers. Through the case of Colombia, I show that one of the main challenges faced by frontier policy narratives amounts to differentiating wartime dispossession from peacetime legitimate accumulation. This poses intractable challenges to policymakers and business actors, as it fuels the contradictions between peace consolidation and post-war development.
Published: 2020

40. En lisière de la plantation. Intermédiation, protestation et adaptation aux « accaparements » de terres en Côte d’Ivoire

Author: Marie Saiget, Jacobo Grajales, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Administratives, Politiques et Sociales - UMR 8026 (CERAPS), Sciences Po Lille - Institut d'études politiques de Lille (IEP Lille)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE41-0001,PWACCOP,Capitalismes agraires en situation de post-conflit. Une perspective comparée(2017), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], and Centre d'Études et de Recherches Administratives, Politiques et Sociales (CERAPS) - UMR 8026
Subjects: collective action, Action collective, Latin Americans, Côte d'Ivoire, Sociology and Political Science, agro-industrie, 1. No poverty, Land grabbing, Opposition (politics), Land conflits, Conflits fonciers, Femmes, Corporation, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, Politics, Economy, Political science, agribusiness, women, TRIPS architecture, Intermediation, Agribusiness
Abstract: International audience; Agribusiness investment has an overarching and growing influence in a wide range of rural areas. In Africa, Latin America, and South Asia, but also the post-communist world, agribusiness territories are described as “enclaves,” encountering the opposition of “local communities” who fight in resistance against “land grabbing”. While reckoning with the intractable issues related to agribusiness activities, this contribution intends to complexify this narrative, emphasizing the multiple ways in which the establishment of a firm can reconfigure power relations and the dynamics of collective mobilization at the local level. It then highlights the existence of a continuum between intermediation activities, the most visible forms of protest, and the more prosaic modalities of adaptation, which become apparent as we look more closely at the relationships between local mobilizations and transnational activism. These various forms of action ultimately contribute to developing the social and political grounding of the corporation. This proposition is put into practice in the study of a territory marked by agribusiness palm oil production—the Ivorian region of Sud-Comoé—and documented by several repeated field trips between 2016 and 2019.; Les investissements dans l’agro-industrie façonnent aujourd’hui de très diverses régions rurales. En Afrique, en Amérique latine et en Asie du Sud, mais aussi dans le monde postcommuniste, les entreprises de ce secteur sont décrites comme des « enclaves », face auxquelles se dresseraient des « communautés locales » opposées à « l’accaparement » de leurs terres. Tout en montrant les enjeux profonds de ces installations agro-industrielles, cet article propose de complexifier ce récit, mettant l’accent sur la façon dont l’implantation d’une entreprise reconfigure les rapports de force et les mobilisations à l’échelle locale. Il souligne alors l’existence d’un continuum entre les activités d’intermédiation, les formes les plus visibles de protestation et des modalités plus prosaïques d’adaptation, qui apparaissent notamment lorsqu’on s’intéresse de près aux rapports entre mobilisations locales et militantisme transnational. Ces diverses formes d’action contribuent in fine à arrimer la société agro-industrielle dans l’espace social et politique local. Cette proposition est mise en application dans l’étude d’un territoire marqué par la culture agro-industrielle du palmier à huile : la région ivoirienne du Sud-Comoé, et est documentée par plusieurs séjours de terrain répétés entre 2016 et 2019.
Published: 2020

41. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of synthetic phlogopite and lepidolite samples

Author: Ramona Langner, Josef W. Zwanziger, Ulrike Werner-Zwanziger, Charlotte Martineau-Corcos, Michael Fechtelkord, Lara Sulcek, Publica, Institute for Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: Fe486/6‐1, Fe486/8‐1 Luonnontieteiden ja Tekniikan Tutkimuksen Toimikunta European Commission, EC Institut Universitaire de France, IUF Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC: RGPIN 261987 Institut Universitaire de France, IUF European Science Foundation, ESF Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG European Science Foundation, ESF: ERAS‐CT‐2003‐980409, and CMC thanks the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) for financial support. Financial support from the IR‐RMN‐THC Fr3050 CNRS for conducting the research is gratefully acknowledged. LS, RL, and MF thank Dr. Bernd Marler for his support regarding the X‐ray diffraction experiments. This work was financially supported by the European Science Foundation (ESF) under the EUROCORES programme EuroMinScI ( www.esf.org/eurominsci ), through contract No. ERAS‐CT‐2003‐980409 of the European Commission, DG Research, FP6, by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under project No. Fe486/6‐1 and Fe486/8‐1 and by the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) grant RGPIN 261987.
Subjects: phlogopite, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Aluminium, 27Al MAS NMR, General Materials Science, Lepidolite, Spinning, 17O MAS NMR, 010405 organic chemistry, Cationic polymerization, lepidolite, ¹7O MAS NMR, General Chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, NMR spectra database, Crystallography, chemistry, Octahedron, Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, engineering, Phlogopite, ²7AI MAS NMR, cation ordering
Abstract: In the present work, our aim is to decipher the cationic ordering in the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets of two Al‐rich synthetic materials, namely, phlogopites of nominal composition K(Mg3‐xAlx)[Al1+xSi3‐xO10](OH)yF2‐y and lepidolites in the system trilithionite-polylithionite with composition K (LixAl3‐x)[Al4‐2xSi2xO10](OH)yF2‐y, by directly probing the aluminium distribution through 27Al and 17O magic‐angle spinning, multiple‐quantum magic‐angle spinning, and 27Al‐27Al double‐quantum single‐quantum nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Notably, 27Al‐27Al double‐quantum single‐quantum magic‐angle spinning NMR spectra, recorded at 9.34 and/or 20.00 T, show the spatial proximity or avoidance of the Al species inside or between the sheets. In both studied minerals, the ensemble of NMR data suggests a preference for [4]Al in the tetrahedral sheet to occupy position close to the [6]Al of the octahedral sheets.
Published: 2020

42. Fast reconstruction of atomic-scale STEM-EELS images from sparse sampling

Author: Etienne Monier, Xiaoyan Li, Thomas Oberlin, Nathalie Brun, Marcel Tencé, Nicolas Dobigeon, Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Paris-Saclay (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Laboratoire de Physique des solides - LPS (Orsay, France)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 02 engineering and technology, partial acquisition, 01 natural sciences, Atomic units, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Traitement des images, Atomic-scale images, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Microscopy, Instrumentation, 010302 applied physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, electron energy loss spectroscopy, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), Sampling (statistics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Fast reconstruction, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], scanning transmission electron microscopy, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], fast reconstruction, Computation, atomic-scale images, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, FOS: Physical sciences, Iterative reconstruction, Synthetic data, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Partial acquisition, Electron energy loss spectroscopy, Spectrum-images, business.industry, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Pattern recognition, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Stem eels, spectrum-images, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract: International audience; This paper discusses the reconstruction of partially sampled spectrum-images to accelerate the acquisition in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The problem of image reconstruction has been widely considered in the literature for many imaging modalities, but only a few attempts handled 3D data such as spectral images acquired by STEM electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Besides, among the methods proposed in the microscopy literature, some are fast but inaccurate while others provide accurate reconstruction but at the price of a high computation burden. Thus none of the proposed reconstruction methods fulfills our expectations in terms of accuracy and computation complexity. In this paper, we propose a fast and accurate reconstruction method suited for atomic-scale EELS. This method is compared to popular solutions such as beta process factor analysis (BPFA) which is used for the first time on STEM-EELS images. Experiments based on real as synthetic data will be conducted.
Published: 2020
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43. Simulated JWST datasets for multispectral and hyperspectral image fusion

Author: Émilie Habart, Thomas Oberlin, Nicolas Dobigeon, Olivier Berné, Claire Guilloteau, Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Université Paris-Saclay (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale - IAS (Paris, France), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Multispectral image, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Photodissociation regions, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Image fusion, Angular resolution, Computer vision, Multispectral imaging - Hyperspectral imaging, Spectral resolution, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, James Webb Space Telescope, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), Process (computing), Hyperspectral imaging, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Multispectral imaging -Hyperspectral imaging, Space and Planetary Science, Artificial intelligence, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract: International audience; The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will provide multispectral and hyperspectral infrared images of a large number of astrophysical scenes. Multispectral images will have the highest angular resolution, while hyperspectral images (e.g., with integral field unit spectrometers) will provide the best spectral resolution. This paper aims at providing a comprehensive framework to generate an astrophysical scene and to simulate realistic hyperspectral and multispectral data acquired by two JWST instruments, namely, NIRCam Imager and NIRSpec IFU. We want to show that this simulation framework can be resorted to assess the benefits of fusing these images to recover an image of high spatial and spectral resolutions. To do so, we make a synthetic scene associated with a canonical infrared source, the Orion Bar. We develop forward models including corresponding noises for the two JWST instruments based on their physical features. JWST observations are then simulated by applying the forward models to the aforementioned synthetic scene. We test a dedicated fusion algorithm we developed on these simulated observations. We show that the fusion process reconstructs the high spatio-spectral resolution scene with a good accuracy on most areas, and we identify some limitations of the method to be tackled in future works. The synthetic scene and observations presented in the paper can be used, for instance, to evaluate instrument models, pipelines, or more sophisticated algorithms dedicated to JWST data analysis. Besides, fusion methods such as the one presented in this paper are shown to be promising tools to fully exploit the unprecedented capabilities of the JWST.
Published: 2020
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44. Label-free microscopy of mitotic chromosomes using the polarization Orthogonality Breaking technique

Author: Desapogu, R., Le Marchand, Gilles, Smith, R., Ray, P., Gillier, É., Dutertre, S., Alouini, Mehdi, Tramier, Marc, Huet, Sébastien, Fade, Julien, Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Biosit : biologie, santé, innovation technologique (SFR UMS CNRS 3480 - INSERM 018), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-10-INBS-0004 Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC: PDF20181208405 Institut Universitaire de France, IUF: PRESTIGE-2017-2-0042 Université de Rennes 1, ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), Jonchère, Laurent, Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée - - France-BioImaging2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0004 - INBS - VALID, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: cell division, Cell divisions, streptomycin, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], FOS: Physical sciences, Imaging techniques, anisotropy, Fluorescence, Chromosomes, Article, histology, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], fluorescence imaging, Polarization, osteosarcoma, controlled study, Physics - Biological Physics, chromosome, human, Orthogonality, Confocal fluorescence microscope, Cell proliferation, mitosis, phosphate buffered saline, confocal laser scanning microscopy, Polarization images, Mitotic chromosomes, human cell, polarization microscopy, Polarization imaging, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], penicillin derivative, signal noise ratio, live cell imaging, Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), Cell culture, hoe 33342, immunoblotting, Confocal image, paraformaldehyde
Abstract: The vast majority of the microscopy methods currently available to study biological samples require staining prior to imaging. Nevertheless, the ability to reveal specific cell structures or organelles in a label-free manner remains desirable in different contexts. Polarization microscopy has long been considered as an interesting alternative to fluorescence-based methods in order to gain specificity on the imaged biological samples. In this work, we show how an original polarization imaging technique, implementing micro-wave photonics and referred to as orthogonality-breaking (OB) microscopy, can provide informative polarization images from a single scan of the cell sample in a fast and sensitive way. For OB imaging, the sample is probed with a laser setup simultaneously generating two orthogonal polarizations shifted in frequency by a few tens of MHz. If the imaged samples display some polarimetric properties, the orthogonality between the two polarizations is broken, leading to a beatnote interference signal that can be detected with a fast detector. The comparison of the images of various cell lines at different cell-cycle stages obtained by OB polarization microscopy and fluorescence confocal images shows that an endogenous polarimetric contrast arizes on compacted chromosomes during cell division. This technique paves the way to label-free real-time polarization imaging of mitotic chromosomes with further potential applications in histology and cancer diagnosis.
Published: 2020
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45. Efficient Orchestration Mechanisms for Congestion Mitigation in NFV: Models and Algorithms

Author: Jocelyne Elias, Jianping Wang, Fabio Martignon, Stefano Paris, Laboratoire d'Informatique Paris Descartes ( LIPADE - EA 2517 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Dynamics of Geometric Networks ( DYOGENE ), Département d'informatique de l'École normale supérieure ( DI-ENS ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Graphes, Algorithmes et Combinatoire (LRI) ( GALaC - LRI ), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique ( LRI ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), Huawei Technologies France [Boulogne-Billancour], Department of Computer Science [Hong Kong], City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] ( CUHK ), Dynamics of Geometric Networks (DYOGENE), Département d'informatique - ENS Paris (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire d'Informatique Paris Descartes (LIPADE - EA 2517), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Huawei Technologies France [Boulogne-Billancourt], City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Inria de Paris, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département d'informatique de l'École normale supérieure (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département d'informatique - ENS Paris (DI-ENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Elias, Jocelyne, Martignon, Fabio, Paris, Stefano, and Wang, Jianping
Subjects: game theory, non-linear optimization, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Information Systems and Management, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, [ INFO.INFO-NI ] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Distributed computing, Network functions virtualization, 02 engineering and technology, Network Functions Virtualization, Game Theory, Distributed Congestion Control, Non-linear Optimization, computer.software_genre, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Service-level agreement, distributed congestion control, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Network performance, Orchestration (computing), Settore ING-INF/03 - Telecomunicazioni, business.industry, Quality of service, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Virtualization, Network traffic control, Computer Science Applications, Network congestion, Network management, Hardware and Architecture, business, computer, Computer network
Abstract: International audience; Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) has recently gained momentum among network operators as a means to share their physical infrastructure among virtual operators, which can independently compose and configure their communication services. However, the spatio-temporal correlation of traffic demands and computational loads can result in high congestion and low network performance for virtual operators, thus leading to service level agreement breaches. In this paper, we analyze the congestion resulting from the sharing of the physical infrastructure and propose innovative orchestration mechanisms based on both centralized and distributed approaches, aimed at unleashing the potential of the NFV technology. In particular, we first formulate the network functions composition problem as a non-linear optimization model to accurately capture the congestion of physical resources. To further simplify the network management, we also propose a dynamic pricing strategy of network resources, proving that the resulting system achieves a stable equilibrium in a completely distributed fashion, even when all virtual operators independently select their best network configuration. Numerical results show that the proposed approaches consistently reduce resource congestion. Furthermore, the distributed solution well approaches the performance that can be achieved using a centralized network orchestration system.
Published: 2017

46. Genetic variation of mitochondrial genes among Echinococcus multilocularis isolates collected in western China

Author: Yingmei Shao, Wenbao Zhang, Hui Wang, Haining Fan, Patrick Giraudoux, Bo Ran, Baoping Guo, Jun Li, Canlin Zhou, Zhang Wei, Hao Wen, Jenny Knapp, Ling Kuang, Chuanchuan Wu, Clinic Medicine Research Institute, First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Mitochondrial DNA, Veterinary medicine, China, Genotype, 030231 tropical medicine, Molecular Sequence Data, Echinococcus multilocularis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, nad2, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Echinococcosis, Genetic variation, Parasite hosting, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Phylogeny, Genetics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Base Sequence, Arvicolinae, Research, Alveolar echinococcosis, Haplotype, cob, Helminth Proteins, Mitochondrial genes, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Genes, Mitochondrial, Parasitology, GenBank, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a life-threatening human disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis transmitted between rodents and dogs/foxes in the Northern Hemisphere. The study aims to identify the genetic variation of the parasite in AE patients from China. Methods E. multilocularis isolates were collected from wild small mammals (n = 6) and AE patients (n = 56) from western China. Genomic DNA was extracted from different tissue samples including paraffin tissue blocks, ethanol fixed tissues and frozen tissues surgically removed. Two mitochondrial gene fragments (526 bp for cob and 474 bp for nad2) of E. multilocularis were amplified and sequenced. Results The parasite fragment sequences of cob fragments from AE patients showed two haplotypes, and nad2 gene fragment sequences had four haplotypes. The gene sequences from Microtus sp. were 100% identical to the sequences of some isolates from AE patients. These haplotypes were distributed in both Qinghai and Xinjiang provinces. Alignment analysis with the sequences from the GenBank databases showed five genotypes including three Asian genotypes, one from Europe and one from North America. Conclusions Most AE patients harbored the Asian genotype 1 which may be an indication of its relative frequency in the definitive hosts and the environment or of its pathogenicity to humans, which calls for further research.
Published: 2017

47. Iwasawa Theory and $F$-Analytic Lubin-Tate $(\varphi,\Gamma)$-Modules

Author: Berger , Laurent, Fourquaux , Lionel, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Unité de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées (UMPA-ENSL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ANR-14-CE25-0002,PerCoLaTor,PERfectoïdes, cohomologie COmplétée, correspondance de LAnglands et cohomologie de TORsion(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), Unité de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées ( UMPA-ENSL ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR-14-CE25,PerCoLaTor,PERfectoides COrresondance de LAnglands et TORsion dans la cohomologie ( 2014 ), Guillemer, Marie-Annick, and Appel à projets générique - PERfectoïdes, cohomologie COmplétée, correspondance de LAnglands et cohomologie de TORsion - - PerCoLaTor2014 - ANR-14-CE25-0002 - Appel à projets générique - VALID
Subjects: Mathematics - Number Theory, analytic cohomology, Mathematics::Number Theory, General Mathematics, 11FXX, 11SXX, 14GXX, Lubin-Tate group, Mathematics::Algebraic Topology, [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT], [ MATH.MATH-NT ] Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT], Bloch-Kato exponential, Mathematics::K-Theory and Homology, overconvergent representation, normalized traces, p-adic Hodge theory, Kummer theory, p-adic representation, 11F, 11S, 14G, [MATH.MATH-NT] Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT], Iwasawa theory
Abstract: Let $K$ be a finite extension of $\mathbf{Q}_p$. We use the theory of $(\varphi,\Gamma)$-modules in the Lubin-Tate setting to construct some corestriction-compatible families of classes in the cohomology of $V$, for certain representations $V$ of $\mathrm{Gal}(\overline{\mathbf{Q}}_p/K)$. If in addition $V$ is crystalline, we describe these classes explicitly using Bloch-Kato's exponential maps. This allows us to generalize Perrin-Riou's period map to the Lubin-Tate setting., Comment: v2: final version, to appear in Documenta Mathematica. 31 pages
Published: 2017

48. Gestures convey different physiological responses when performed toward and away from the body

Author: Bartolo, Angela, Claisse, Caroline, Gallo, Fabrizia, Ott, Laurent, Sampaio, Adriana, Nandrino, Jean-Louis, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab) - UMR 9193 (SCALab), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Minho [Braga], Universidade do Minho, Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab) - UMR 9193, Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives - UMR 9193 [SCALab], Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], and Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives - UMR 9193 (SCALab)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Science & Technology, Adolescent, Gestures, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, Pupil, Article, Young Adult, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Heart Rate, Human behaviour, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia, Psicologia [Ciências Sociais], Humans, lcsh:Q, Female, Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, Interpersonal Relations, lcsh:Science, Psychomotor Performance, Neuroscience
Abstract: We assessed the sympathetic and parasympathetic activation associated to the observation of Pantomime (i.e. the mime of the use of a tool) and Intransitive gestures (i.e. expressive) performed toward (e.g. a comb and "thinking") and away from the body (e.g. key and "come here") in a group of healthy participants while both pupil dilation (N = 31) and heart rate variability (N = 33; HF-HRV) were recorded. Large pupil dilation was observed in both Pantomime and Intransitive gestures toward the body; whereas an increase of the vagal suppression was observed in Intransitive gestures away from the body but not in those toward the body. Our results suggest that the space where people act when performing a gesture has an impact on the physiological responses of the observer in relation to the type of social communicative information that the gesture direction conveys, from a more intimate (toward the body) to a more interactive one (away from the body)., We would like to thank Johanna Viana, Raphael Kroll and Alberto Villar for their precious help in the task construction and in the recruitment of participants. We also thank all the participants that entered the study. This work was funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR-11-EQPX-0023) and supported by European funds through the program FEDER SCV-IrDIVE. This study was partially conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (PSI/01662), University of Minho, and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (UID/PSI/01662/2019), through the national funds (PIDDAC).
Published: 2019

49. L’ordinaire de la sortie de guerre

Author: Grajales, Jacobo, Jouhanneau, Cécile, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Administratives, Politiques et Sociales - UMR 8026 (CERAPS), Sciences Po Lille - Institut d'études politiques de Lille (IEP Lille)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut Universitaire de France [IUF], Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Administratives, Politiques et Sociales - UMR 8026 [CERAPS], Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 [UPVM], Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement (UMR ART-Dev), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract: Afin de rendre compte des processus politiques et sociaux à l’œuvre dans la sortie de guerre, ce dossier explore la production de l’action publique dans des secteurs fréquemment négligés par les spécialistes du « post-conflit ». Il se situe ainsi à rebours des approches exceptionnalistes du « post-conflit », focalisées sur les bouleversements induits par la guerre et sur des dispositifs singuliers visant la construction de la paix (peacebuilding). L’enjeu est donc de repérer empiriquement les articulations entre la guerre, les efforts visant à y mettre fin, et d’autres sphères d’action publique. L’article introductif relie cette posture à des travaux récents insistant sur l’ordinaire dans les situations de guerre, propose un bref état des lieux de la recherche et s’attarde sur les principaux objectifs du dossier : réfléchir aux usages multiples de la catégorie de « post-conflit » dans la fabrique de l’action publique et retracer les diverses manières dont un passé guerrier peut avoir une emprise sur les politiques publiques. This special issue aims to account for some of the political and social processes at work in the aftermath of armed conflicts; by the same token, it explores the production of public policies in sectors frequently neglected by “post-conflict” specialists. As such, it stands in contrast to the exceptional approaches of “post-conflict”, which usually focus on the upheavals brought about by war and on the social and political engineering of peacebuilding. Our challenge is to empirically identify the links between war, endeavours to bring an end to it, and other spheres of policy action. The introductory article links this approach to recent scholarship emphasizing the “ordinary” during war situations, proposes a brief state of the literature and presents the main objectives of the special issue: to analyse the multiple uses of the “post-conflict” category in the production of public policy and to trace the various ways in which a violent past bears an influence upon policy-making. 8;4
Published: 2019

50. Text mining assisted review of the literature on Li-O 2 batteries

Author: Clare P. Grey, Céline Merlet, Alejandro A. Franco, Pieter C. M. M. Magusin, Amangeldi Torayev, Laboratoire réactivité et chimie des solides - UMR CNRS 7314 (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Advanced Lithium Energy Storage Systems - ALISTORE-ERI (ALISTORE-ERI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Collège de France (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - ENSCP (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier - ENSCM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FRANCE), Institut universitaire de France - IUF (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), University of Cambridge (UNITED KINGDOM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Nantes (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (FRANCE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), Université de Haute Alsace - UHA (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier (FRANCE), Advanced Lithium Energy Storage Systems - ALISTORE (Amiens, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Key articles, Energie électrique, Bibliometric analysis, Text mining, Process (engineering), Matériaux, 02 engineering and technology, Scientific field, text mining, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), Machine learning, General Materials Science, Chemistry (relationship), business.industry, Lithium oxygen batteries, Sign (semiotics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Data science, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, lithium oxygen batteries, machine learning, [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: The high theoretical capacity of Li-O2 batteries attracts a lot of attention and this field has expanded significantly in the last two decades. In a more general way, the large number of articles being published daily makes it difficult for researchers to keep track of the progress in science. Here we develop a text mining program in an attempt to facilitate the process of reviewing the literature published in a scientific field and apply it to Li-O2 batteries. We analyze over 1800 articles and use the text mining program to extract reported discharge capacities, for the first time, which allows us to show the clear progress made in recent years. In this paper, we focus on three main challenges of Li-O2 batteries, namely the stability-cyclability, the low practical capacity and the rate capability. Indeed, according to our text mining program, articles dealing with these issues represent 86% of the literature published in the field. For each topic, we provide a bibliometric analysis of the literature before focusing on a few key articles which allow us to get insights into the physics and chemistry of such systems. We believe that text mining can help readers find breakthrough papers in a field (e.g. by identifying papers reporting much higher performances) and follow the developments made at the state of the art (e.g. by showing trends in the numbers of papers published—a decline in a given topic probably being the sign of limitations). With the progress of text mining algorithms in the future, the process of reviewing a scientific field is likely to become more and more automated, making it easier for researchers to get the ‘big picture’ in an unfamiliar scientific field.
Published: 2019
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