Nadine Houede, Claude Linassier, Philippe Beuzeboc, Paule Chinet-Charrot, Laura Faivre, Loic Mourey, Aude Flechon, Frank Priou, Gael Deplanque, Jean-Marc Ferrero, Jean-Louis Davin, Christine Theodore, Muriel Habibian, Brigitte Laguerre, Remy Delva, Anne-Laure Martin, Ivan Krakowski, Agnès Laplanche, Karim Fizazi, Frederic Rolland, Jean-Luc Labourey, Stéphane Culine, Jean-François Berdah, Gwenaelle Gravis, François Lesaunier, Isabelle Cojean-Zelek, Eric Legouffe, Alain Ravaud, Marjorie Baciuchka, Stéphane Oudard, Jean-Léon Lagrange, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse (CRLC François Baclesse ), Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest - Paul Papin (ICO - Paul Papin), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest - Nantes (ICO Nantes), CRLCC Paul Papin-CRLCC René Gauducheau, Centre Hospitalier Départemental - Hôpital de La Roche-sur-Yon, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, CRLCC Antoine Lacassagne, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Claudius Regaud, CRLCC Institut Claudius Regaud, Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine - Alexis Vautrin (ICL), Hôpital privé Toulon Hyères : Sainte Marguerite, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Hôpital Saint-André, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), CHU Limoges, CRLCC Henri Becquerel, ONCOGARD - NIMES, Institut de Cancérologie du GARD (Instit Cancéro - GARD), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Institut Curie, Institut Sainte Catherine [Avignon], UNICANCER [Paris], Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest [Angers/Nantes] (UNICANCER/ICO), UNICANCER, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Antoine Lacassagne [Nice] (UNICANCER/CAL), UNICANCER-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine - Alexis Vautrin [Nancy] (UNICANCER/ICL), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel), Institut de Cancérologie du GARD ICG - CHU Nîmes (Instit Cancéro - GARD), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Institut Curie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-UNICANCER, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Centre Hospitalier Départemental - Hôpital de La Roche-sur-Yon (CHD Vendée)
International audience; BACKGROUND:Early risk-stratified chemotherapy is a standard treatment for breast, colorectal, and lung cancers, but not for high-risk localised prostate cancer. Combined docetaxel and estramustine improves survival in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. We assessed the effects of combined docetaxel and estramustine on relapse in patients with high-risk localised prostate cancer.METHODS:We did this randomised phase 3 trial at 26 hospitals in France. We enrolled patients with treatment-naive prostate cancer and at least one risk factor (ie, stage T3-T4 disease, Gleason score of ≥8, prostate-specific antigen concentration >20 ng/mL, or pathological node-positive). All patients underwent a staging pelvic lymph node dissection. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either androgen deprivation therapy (ADT; goserelin 10·8 mg every 3 months for 3 years) plus four cycles of docetaxel on day 2 at a dose of 70 mg/m(2) and estramustine 10 mg/kg per day on days 1-5, every 3 weeks, or ADT only. The randomisation was done centrally by computer, stratified by risk factor. Local treatment was administered at 3 months. Neither patients nor investigators were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was relapse-free survival in the intention-to-treat population. Follow-up for other endpoints is ongoing. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00055731.FINDINGS:We randomly assigned 207 patients to the ADT plus docetaxel and estramustine group and 206 to the ADT only group. Median follow-up was 8·8 years (IQR 8·1-9·7). 88 (43%) of 207 patients in the ADT plus docetaxel and estramustine group had an event (relapse or death) versus 111 (54%) of 206 in the ADT only group. 8-year relapse-free survival was 62% (95% CI 55-69) in the ADT plus docetaxel and estramustine group versus 50% (44-57) in the ADT only group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·71, 95% CI 0·54-0·94, p=0·017). Of patients who were treated with radiotherapy and had data available, 31 (21%) of 151 in the ADT plus docetaxel and estramustine group versus 26 (18%) of 143 in the ADT only group reported a grade 2 or higher long-term side-effect (p=0·61). We recorded no excess second cancers (26 [13%] of 207 vs 22 [11%] of 206; p=0·57), and there were no treatment-related deaths.INTERPRETATION:Docetaxel-based chemotherapy improves relapse-free survival in patients with high-risk localised prostate cancer. Longer follow-up is needed to assess whether this benefit translates into improved metastasis-free survival and overall survival.FUNDING:Ligue Contre le Cancer, Sanofi-Aventis, AstraZeneca, Institut National du Cancer.