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1. Nuclear pore complex acetylation regulates mRNA export and cell cycle commitment in budding yeast

Author

Mercè Gomar‐Alba, Vasilisa Pozharskaia, Bogdan Cichocki, Celia Schaal, Arun Kumar, Basile Jacquel, Gilles Charvin, J Carlos Igual, Manuel Mendoza, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Microbiennes (IGBM), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Universitat de València (UV), ANR-10-LABX-0030,INRT,Integrative Biology : Nuclear dynamics- Regenerative medicine - Translational medicine(2010), ANR-10-IDEX-0002,UNISTRA,Par-delà les frontières, l'Université de Strasbourg(2010), Mendoza, Manuel, Integrative Biology : Nuclear dynamics- Regenerative medicine - Translational medicine - - INRT2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0030 - LABX - VALID, and Initiative d'excellence - Par-delà les frontières, l'Université de Strasbourg - - UNISTRA2010 - ANR-10-IDEX-0002 - IDEX - VALID

Subjects
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, General Immunology and Microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Neuroscience, Cell Cycle, Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Acetylation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Histone Deacetylases, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins, Saccharomycetales, Nuclear Pore, RNA, Messenger, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Histone Acetyltransferases
Abstract

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) mediate communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and regulate gene expression by interacting with transcription and mRNA export factors. Lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) promote transcription through acetylation of chromatin-associated proteins. We find that Esa1, the KAT subunit of the yeast NuA4 complex, also acetylates the nuclear pore basket component Nup60 to promote mRNA export. Acetylation of Nup60 recruits the mRNA export factor Sac3, the scaffolding subunit of the Transcription and Export 2 (TREX-2) complex, to the nuclear basket. The Esa1-mediated nuclear export of mRNAs in turn promotes entry into S phase, which is inhibited by the Hos3 deacetylase in G1 daughter cells to restrain their premature commitment to a new cell division cycle. This mechanism is not only limited to G1/S-expressed genes but also inhibits the expression of the nutrient-regulated GAL1 gene specifically in daughter cells. Overall, these results reveal how acetylation can contribute to the functional plasticity of NPCs in mother and daughter yeast cells. In addition, our work demonstrates dual gene expression regulation by the evolutionarily conserved NuA4 complex, at the level of transcription and at the stage of mRNA export by modifying the nucleoplasmic entrance to nuclear pores.

Published
2022
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2. Essential Bacillus subtilis genes

Author

Kobayashi, K., Ehrlich, S.D., Albertini, A., Amati, G., Andersen, K.K., Arnaud, M., Asai, K., Ashikaga, S., Aymerich, S., Bessieres, P., Boland, F., Brignell, S.C., Bron, S, Bunai, K., Chapuis, J, Christiansen, L.C., Danchin, A., Debarbouille, M., Dervyn, E., Deuerling, E., Devine, K., Devine, S.K., Dreesen, O., Errington, J., Fillinger, S., Foster, S.J., Fujita, Y., Galizzi, A., Gardan, R., Eschevins, C., Fukushima, T., Haga, K., Harwood, C.R, Hecker, M., Hosoya, D., Hullo, M.F., Kakeshita, H., Karamata, D., Kasahara, Y., Kawamura, F., Koga, K., Koski, P., Kuwana, R., Imamura, D., Ishimaru, M., Ishikawa, S., Ishio, I., Le Coq, D., Masson, A., Mauel, C., Meima, Roelf, Mellado, R.P., Moir, A., Moriya, S., Nagakawa, E., Nanamiya, H., Nakai, S., Nygaard, P., Ogura, M., Ohanan, T., O'Reilly, M., O'Rourke, M., Pragai, Z., Pooley, H.M., Rapoport, G., Rawlins, J.P., Rivas, L.A., Rivolta, C., Sadaie, A., Sadaie, Y., Sarvas, M, Sato, T., Saxild, H.H., Scanlan, E., Schumann, W, Seegers, J.F. M. L., Sekiguchi, J., Sekowska, A., Seror, S.J., Simon, M., Stragier, P., Studer, R., Takamatsu, H., Tanaka, T., Takeuchi, M., Thomaides, H.B., Vagner, V., van Dijl, J.M., Watabe, K., Wipat, A, Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, M., Yamamoto, Y., Yamane, K., Yata, K., Yoshida, K., Yoshikawa, H., Zuber, U., Ogasawara, N., Ishio, [No Value], Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Translational Immunology Groningen (TRIGR), Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Unité de recherche Génétique Microbienne (UGM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Trinity College Dublin, Biochimie Microbienne, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saitama University, Rikkyo University [Tokyo], Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (UGMC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mathématique Informatique et Génome (MIG), University of Sheffield, Newcastle University [Newcastle], University of Groningen, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Institute of Molecular Biology, Génétique des Génomes Bactériens, University of Bayreuth, University of Oxford, Fukuyama University, Partenaires INRAE, Shinshu University, Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Institut für Mikrobiologie - Institute for Microbiology, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Microbiennes (IGBM), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), National Public Health Institute, Setsunan University, Institut de génétique et microbiologie [Orsay] (IGM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tokai University School of Medicine, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), University of Pavia, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], University of Oxford [Oxford], and Université de Lausanne (UNIL)

Subjects
Cell division, PROTEINS, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Coenzymes, Bacillus subtilis, medicine.disease_cause, Genome, SEQUENCE, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Gene, Phylogeny, Organism, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, Multidisciplinary, biology, IDENTIFICATION, Nucleotides, 030306 microbiology, Cell Membrane, Biological Sciences, biology.organism_classification, GENOME, Genes, Bacterial, SURVIVAL, GROWTH, RNA, Minimal genome, Energy Metabolism, SET, Cell Division, Genome, Bacterial, Archaea
Abstract

To estimate the minimal gene set required to sustain bacterial life in nutritious conditions, we carried out a systematic inactivation of Bacillus subtilis genes. Among approximate to4,100 genes of the organism, only 192 were shown to be indispensable by this or previous work. Another 79 genes were predicted to be essential. The vast majority of essential genes were categorized in relatively few domains of cell metabolism, with about half involved in information processing, one-fifth involved in the synthesis of cell envelope and the determination of cell shape and division, and one-tenth related to cell energetics. Only 4% of essential genes encode unknown functions. Most essential genes are present throughout a wide range of Bacteria, and almost 70% can also be found in Archaea and Eucarya. However, essential genes related to cell envelope, shape, division, and respiration tend to be lost from bacteria with small genomes. Unexpectedly, most genes involved in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway are essential. Identification of unknown and unexpected essential genes opens research avenues to better understanding of processes that sustain bacterial life, To estimate the minimal gene set required to sustain bacterial life in nutritious conditions, we carried out a systematic inactivation of Bacillus subtilis genes. Among ≈4,100 genes of the organism, only 192 were shown to be indispensable by this or previous work. Another 79 genes were predicted to be essential. The vast majority of essential genes were categorized in relatively few domains of cell metabolism, with about half involved in information processing, one-fifth involved in the synthesis of cell envelope and the determination of cell shape and division, and one-tenth related to cell energetics. Only 4% of essential genes encode unknown functions. Most essential genes are present throughout a wide range of Bacteria, and almost 70% can also be found in Archaea and Eucarya. However, essential genes related to cell envelope, shape, division, and respiration tend to be lost from bacteria with small genomes. Unexpectedly, most genes involved in the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway are essential. Identification of unknown and unexpected essential genes opens research avenues to better understanding of processes that sustain bacterial life.

Published
2003
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3. Interplanetary transfer of photosynthesis: an experimental demonstration of a selective dispersal filter in planetary island biogeography

Author

Howell G. M. Edwards, Aaron L. Gronstal, Franz Brandstätter, René Demets, Suzy Sancisi-Frey, André Brack, J. M. Pillinger, Claude-Alain Roten, Pascal Lee, Gero Kurat, David A. Pearce, David D. Wynn-Williams, Gordon R. Osinski, Charles S. Cockell, Pietro Baglioni, Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] (PSSRI), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] (CEPSAR), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria., Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Division of Chemical and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Microbiennes (IGBM), and Université de Lausanne (UNIL)

Subjects
Geological Phenomena, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Extraterrestrial Environment, Impactite, Biology, Photosynthesis, Cyanobacteria, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Atmosphere, Paleontology, 0103 physical sciences, Exobiology, Chroococcidiopsis, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth's orbit, Crust, Geology, Space Flight, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Interplanetary spaceflight, Gneiss
Abstract

We launched a cryptoendolithic habitat, made of a gneissic impactite inoculated with Chroococcidiopsis sp., into Earth orbit. After orbiting the Earth for 16 days, the rock entered the Earth's atmosphere and was recovered in Kazakhstan. The heat of entry ablated and heated the rock to a temperature well above the upper temperature limit for life to below the depth at which light levels are insufficient for photosynthetic organisms (5 mm), thus killing all of its photosynthetic inhabitants. This experiment shows that atmospheric transit acts as a strong biogeographical dispersal filter to the interplanetary transfer of photosynthesis. Following atmospheric entry we found that a transparent, glassy fusion crust had formed on the outside of the rock. Re-inoculated Chroococcidiopsis grew preferentially under the fusion crust in the relatively unaltered gneiss beneath. Organisms under the fusion grew approximately twice as fast as the organisms on the control rock. Thus, the biologically destructive effects of atmospheric transit can generate entirely novel and improved endolithic habitats for organisms on the destination planetary body that survive the dispersal filter. The experiment advances our understanding of how island biogeography works on the interplanetary scale. Key Words: Microbe–mineral interactions—Spacecraft experiments—Mars—Panspermia— Oxygenic photosynthesis.

Published
2007
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4. Deduced polypeptides encoded by the Bacillus subtilis sacU locus share homology with two-component sensor-regulator systems

Author

C Mauel, D Karamata, F. Kunst, André Klier, Raymond Dedonder, Tarek Msadek, M Young, Georges Rapoport, Michel Débarbouillé, Biochimie microbienne, Institut Pasteur [Paris], University College of Wales [Aberystwyth], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Microbiennes (IGBM), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)

Subjects
MESH: Genes, Regulator, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Restriction Mapping, Bacillus subtilis, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, MESH: Base Sequence, medicine.disease_cause, Homology (biology), Genes, Regulator, MESH: Serine Endopeptidases, Cloning, Molecular, Peptide sequence, MESH: Restriction Mapping, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Escherichia coli, Serine Endopeptidases, Nucleic acid sequence, MESH: Genes, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Genes, Bacterial, Plasmids, Research Article, Molecular Sequence Data, Locus (genetics), Biology, Microbiology, MESH: Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Plasmids, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, medicine, Escherichia coli, MESH: Cloning, Molecular, Amino Acid Sequence, Molecular Biology, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, Base Sequence, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Bacillus subtilis, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Hexosyltransferases, Open reading frame, Genes, Hexosyltransferases, Genes, Bacterial, bacteria
Abstract

International audience; The sacU locus has been cloned by using two independent strategies, and the presence of two open reading frames was deduced from the nucleotide sequence. Open reading frame 1 encodes a 45,000-dalton polypeptide that is similar to the products of the Salmonella typhimurium cheA and Escherichia coli cpxA genes, which act as sensory transducers. Open reading frame 2 encodes a 26,000-dalton polypeptide that is similar to a family of transcriptional activators, including the products of the Bacillus subtilis spoOA and spoOF and the E. coli ompR and dye genes. These similarities suggest that the products of the B. subtilis sacU locus form a sensor-transducer couple, which functions to relay information about specific environmental changes to the transcription apparatus.

Published
1988
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