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International audience; In France, the Comité national des universités (CNU) plays a key role in university recruitments. Indeed, after having completed his/her thesis, one must be qualified by this national body to be candidate for an assistant professor position. Some of this information contained in the application forms finally qualified were not systematically analysed. So they can be considered as new. Thus they can be analysed to report on the French university and urban geography of these particular theses. This information can be studied to highlight “new” research themes covered. The analysis of such information thus broaden the geography of science in France. Outings are conducted here based on the qualified files in the 23rd section of the CNU, entitled “Physical, Human, Economic and Regional Geography”, from 2016 to 2019. They highlight that the majority of qualified theses were completed in a university. They also highlight the very high concentration of qualified theses in the Paris agglomeration. Beyond they show cities, with a very high number of theses qualified by supervisor and specific research themes, such as Brest in Brittany. These first results raise plenty of questions about the inertia of the geography of qualified theses. They also raise plenty of questions about the stability of research topics and the potential for doctoral supervision.; La majorité des candidatures à un poste de maître de conférences dans un établissement d’enseignement supérieur français suppose que la personne a certes soutenu une thèse de doctorat mais surtout a été qualifiée par une section du Comité National des Universités (CNU). Certaines informations des dossiers de candidatures qualifiés constituent un matériau inédit pour rendre compte de la géographie universitaire et urbaine de ces thèses et des thématiques traitées. L’analyse de telles informations vient ainsi enrichir la géographie de la science en France. Des explorations sont menées ici à partir des dossiers qualifiés en 23e section du CNU, intitulée « Géographie physique, humaine, économique et régionale », au cours de la mandature 2016-2019. Elles permettent de souligner que l’écrasante majorité des thèses qualifiées ont été soutenues dans une université et qu’au-delà de la très forte concentration de thèses dans l’agglomération parisienne, des villes occupent des positions remarquables, par un nombre très élevé de thèses qualifiées par encadrant et des thématiques de recherche spécifiques. Ces premiers résultats posent de nombreuses questions sur l’inertie de la géographie des thèses qualifiées, ce qu’elles révèlent des thématiques de recherche et des champs à l’intérieur de la discipline. Ils invitent également à s’interroger sur la stabilité des potentiels d’encadrement doctoral.

Nous sommes deux chercheures du CIRNEF (Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Normand en Education et Formation) de l’Universite de Caen Normandie qui avons travaille pendant cinq ans avec des professionnels d’un Programme de Reussite Educative. A partir d’un ensemble d’actions partagees, initiees par une demande de formation, nous avons tisse des relations qui nous ont amenees a partager notre alterite professionnelle et a rapprocher nos deux mondes professionnels. C’est le recit de cette implication que nous proposons, qui par son analyse vise a contribuer aux reflexions qui animent les chercheurs sur leurs relations avec les personnes qu’ils cotoient, dans le cadre d’une recherche ou d’une formation. Ni recherche, ni formation, ni recherche-action, l’investissement decrit ici defend le statut de chercheurs de proximite qui s’inscrivent dans la tradition anthropologique de la rencontre et aussi dans une forme hybride entre intervention, accompagnement, partenariat et recherche.

International audience; For the last 20 years, the baltic Sea has been affected by many upheavals, not only geopolitical but also economic. they have forced ports to transform themselves, and not least to adapt to the evolutions in the marine industry. the eastern baltic ports have moved from a principle of complementarity, instruments of Soviet collectivism, to integration within a global maritime and port system synonymous with economic liberalism. Moreover, the issue of modifying governance and port regulations within a region undergoing major change is of particular interest in the baltic area. A literature review, as well as fieldwork based on approximately 20 interviews (with elected officials, representatives of port authorities, directors of handling companies, representatives from chambers of commerce, lobbyists, etc), brings to light how stakeholder interactions structure the port area, and impact the development of territories (port, urban, hinterland).

Summary Objectives To study the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on cognitions and emotions felt during sexual intercourse by analyzing the responses of 1079 French-speaking subjects (338 men, 741 women, median age: 31 years) who participated in an online survey between April 27 and May 11, 2020. Method Negative sexual cognitions (NSC), positive sexual emotions (PSE) and negative sexual emotions (NSE) are assessed using a tool inspired by the Sexual Mode Questionnaire. Data are crossed with sociodemographic indicators, information on lockdown modalities, indices on sex life, information on psychological functioning and sexual satisfaction. Main results One third of the participants saw a decrease in the frequency of their sexual activities or in their sexual satisfaction. Changes in NSCs were found in 74.4% of subjects (increase: 38.4%; decrease: 36%). Emotional changes are found in between 50.7% (NSC: increase: 20.2%; decrease: 30.5%) and 60.9% (PSE: increase: 24.6%; decrease: 36.3%) of participants. The effect of lockdown on NSC, NSE, and PSE depends on gender at birth, intensity of depressive symptoms, and attachment styles. Women appear to be more vulnerable to lockdown than men. Insecure or depressed subjects also appear more vulnerable. The lockdown impact also depends on changes in the frequency of physical/digital intercourse during lockdown and the modalities of confinement. Changes in NSC, NSE, and PSE had a significant effect on sexual satisfaction during lockdown. Conclusion The lockdown impact on sexual emotions and cognitions is non-negligible and greater than the impact on sexual behaviors. Whether it is positive or negative, it asks about the post-confinement repercussions: what becomes of a positive impact with deconfinement? Will the negative impacts be one-off or will vulnerabilities be expressed over the long-term?

Summary Objectives Recent years have seen renewed interest for the study of motivations underlying the adoption of sexual behavior. And yet, there is still very little investigation into the psychological determinants of sexual motivation. To contribute to this field of knowledge we analyze the relationships between defense mechanisms and sexual motivations. Method Data for 295 subjects were collected online (241 women, 54 men, mean age: 23.26 years). The evaluation of defensive functioning was carried out using the Defense Style Questionnaire in its 28-item version. Sexual motivations were assessed using the French translation of the Reason for Having Sex Questionnaire (YSEX). Main Results Loving and physical motives lead most frequently to sexual relations. Positive correlations were found between mature defense styles and the number of sexual partners. Multiple regression analysis shows that defenses significantly contribute to explaining between 4.3 and 8.6% of variance in sexual motives. Regardless of the defensive style considered, the correlation is positive. Immature defense mechanisms are the main defenses related to sexual motives. Results are discussed according to literature on sexual motives and literature on defense mechanisms. Conclusion Psycho-sexological consultations investigating motivations for sexuality could benefit from a differential approach based on prior assessment of defensive functioning in order to best individually adapt clinical care.

This article investigates technological innovation in traditional crafts through the case of a smart irrigation system in the landscaping craft. This collective project, driven by an innovation intermediary that facilitates the stages of the innovation process, was finally abandoned following its design phase. Culture reticence related to both professionals and marketplace's attachment to tradition are generally mentioned to explain the failure of too radical innovations. Through this study, we show that the innovation intermediary involved in this context has specific roles to play in the management of both tradition and learning.; Cet article s’intéresse à l’innovation technologique en métier traditionnel à travers le cas d’un projet d’arrosage connecté intelligent dans le métier traditionnel du paysage. Ce projet collectif, porté par un intermédiaire d’innovation facilitant les étapes du processus d’innovation, a finalement été abandonné à la suite de sa phase de conception. Les réticences culturelles liées à l’attachement à la tradition des professionnels et du marché sont généralement invoquées pour expliquer l’échec d’innovations trop radicales. Nous montrons pour notre part que l’intermédiaire d’innovation engagé dans ce contexte a des rôles spécifiques à jouer dans la gestion de la tradition et l’apprentissage.

PurposeThis research aims to explain, in the secular French context, the intention of managers to accommodate religious expression at work (REW) when they are not obliged to do so. This paper seeks to understand the determinants of managerial positions on REW. Building on previous studies on how organisations and managers deal with religious expression, this research seeks to extend the evidence on this important aspect of managerial behaviour in relation to accommodating REW.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses were tested using a structural equation model based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in diversity management (N = 151 French managers). This method highlights attitudinal and organisational determinants favourable to the intent to accommodate.FindingsThe present research provides new insight by identifying two main direct factors affecting managers' accommodation, namely, organisational flexibility (flexible hours, autonomy) and perceived consequences (advantages, disadvantages) and one indirect factor, religiosity. In line with the contradictions within diversity management, the perceived consequences are ambivalent and highly context dependent. One issue to explore is that managers seek to deal with religious expression by making it invisible.Research limitations/implicationsIn the French context, the explanatory social norm might not be “religiosity” but rather “perceived secularity”. The authors recommend that future studies use qualitative methods with interviews and photo elicitation to extend this first study. Indeed, the complexity of the managerial position requires an in-depth understanding of managers' attitudes and behaviours with regard to religion. How do managers apply a common ground strategy and create unity despite differences? Is the desire to make arrangements invisible with a view to inclusive neutrality specific to France, or can it be generalised to managers in other countries? Does the intention to accommodate not essentially depend on the manager-employee relationship dynamic? This research raises questions for scholars about the relationship with the other and ethical managerial conduct.Practical implicationsFrance is a secular country where a debate is emerging on cases of discrimination due to REW. The results contribute to approaches to drafting company guidelines for managers and may help organisations anticipate the risks associated with REW. The discussion of the results reveals the importance of social norms in the sense of hypernorms (religiosity) and undoubtedly of secularism, nondiscrimination and gender equality in the decision-making process on accommodation. These inclusive norms should therefore be handled with care in the various guidelines that have been developed.Originality/valueREW is increasing but is a neglected dimension of diversity management. This study helps explore this new field by promoting an understanding of managers' intention to accommodate in a specific secular context.

International audience; Many of the children who receive services in child psychiatry or are in the care of Youth Protection Services present with complex, multiple and often severe problems. Classic psychodynamic psychotherapy seems to be of little benefit to them. The majority of these children tend to not use symbolic play as a means of expressing their intrapsychic conflicts or relational difficulties and they do not verbally communicate much with clinicians. They are more likely to display an imaginative poverty that translates into boredom, motor discharge, and an inability to use the material put at their disposal for therapeutic purposes. The systematic and rigorous observations of these children in Quebec revealed that the majority of them present with severe mentalizing difficulties. They often show attitudes and behaviors linked to the prementalizing modes of psychic functioning. This article presents a mentalization-based intervention adapted to these children’s difficulties. The objectives, adaptation of the work setting, and general principles underlying this intervention are discussed. In addition, general intervention strategies are also covered. These interventions are considered as preparatory work whose principal purpose is to enable children to benefit later on from psychodynamic psychotherapy. The authors also recommend specific intervention strategies adapted to children’s predominant mode of psychic functioning. The details of these strategies will be shared in a separate article.

Rationale Binge drinking (BD), characterized by recurring alternations between intense intoxication episodes and abstinence periods, is the most frequent alcohol consumption pattern in youth and is growing in prevalence among older adults. Many studies have underlined the specific harmful impact of this habit by showing impaired abilities in a wide range of cognitive functions among binge drinkers, as well as modifications of brain structure and function. Aims Several controversies and inconsistencies currently hamper the harmonious development of the field and the recognition of BD as a specific alcohol consumption pattern. The main concern is the absence of consensual BD conceptualization, leading to variability in experimental group selection and alcohol consumption evaluation. The present paper aims at overcoming this key issue through a two-step approach. Methods and conclusions First, a literature review allows proposing an integrated BD conceptualization, distinguishing it from other subclinical alcohol consumption patterns. Six specific characteristics of BD are identified, namely, (1) the presence of physiological symptoms related to BD episodes, (2) the presence of psychological symptoms related to BD episodes, (3) the ratio of BD episodes compared to all alcohol drinking occasions, (4) the frequency of BD episodes, (5) the consumption speed and (6) the alternation between BD episodes and soberness periods. Second, capitalizing on this conceptual clarification, we propose an evaluation protocol jointly measuring these six BD characteristics. Finally, several research perspectives are presented to refine the proposed conceptualization.

International audience; Most studies concerning dominant designs focus on ‘collective’ or ‘competitive’ strategies that companies deploy to impose their choices on the market. The objective of this research is to assess the extent to which ‘coopetitive’ strategies may lead to a dominant design. We analyzed the development of a dominant design over an 84-year period through a historical study in the field of pinball machines. Our study focuses on the five main manufacturers of pinball machines and analyzes data from 1930 to 2014. We demonstrate that companies undergo three phases that involve the progressive development of coopetitive relationships with different impacts on the generation of innovation. Because manufacturers differentiated their offerings, innovated and simultaneously imitated others, increased competition resulted. Simultaneously, external threats and the need to collectively respond to clients and partners prompted the manufacturers to cooperate with one another. Thus, our research provides a better understanding of how specific horizontal coopetitive relationships among manufacturers of the same type of products impact the development of a dominant design at the industry level. This case study suggests that as a theoretical framework, coopetition introduces new insights into the comprehension of relational dynamics during the development of dominant designs. Our observations also confirm or invalidate conclusions drawn in previous works related to coopetition strategies. In particular, this case is interesting as although the appropriability regime was weak, companies still developed coopetitive relationships, contradicting previous studies.

International audience; Les dix-sept études musico-filmiques proposées par l’ouvrage tentent de dégager les traits stylistiques marquants de duos entre réalisateurs et compositeurs par-delà la diversité de leurs œuvres.Les duos de créateurs, particulièrement en ce qui concerne les réalisateurs et les compositeurs, sont souvent l’objet d’une idéalisation, et il est fréquent de trouver des expressions comme « accords parfaits », « relation fusionnelle », tandem, frères, couple… L’ouvrage tente de dépasser ce stade pour travailler la notion de duo en proposant plusieurs stades, de la collaboration « au service de l’émotion collective », où la créativité reste soumise à des impératifs de divertissement et de rentabilité, à « l’alchimie cinémusicale » où le duo est peu à peu amené à élaborer une poétique musico-filmique qui lui est propre.

The role of seasonality is indisputable in climate and ecosystem dynamics. Seasonal temperature and precipitation variability are of vital importance for the availability of food, water, shelter, migration routes, and raw materials. Thus, understanding past climatic and environmental changes at seasonal scale is equally important for unearthing the history and for predicting the future of human societies under global warming scenarios. Alas, in palaeoenvironmental research, the term ‘seasonality change’ is often used liberally without scrutiny or explanation as to which seasonal parameter has changed and how.\ud \ud Here we provide fundamentals of climate seasonality and break it down into external (insolation changes) and internal (atmospheric CO2 concentration) forcing, and regional and local and modulating factors (continentality, altitude, large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns). Further, we present a brief overview of the archives with potentially annual/seasonal resolution (historical and instrumental records, marine invertebrate growth increments, stalagmites, tree rings, lake sediments, permafrost, cave ice, and ice cores) and discuss archive-specific challenges and opportunities, and how these limit or foster the use of specific archives in archaeological research.\ud \ud Next, we address the need for adequate data-quality checks, involving both archive-specific nature (e.g., limited sampling resolution or seasonal sampling bias) and analytical uncertainties. To this end, we present a broad spectrum of carefully selected statistical methods which can be applied to analyze annually- and seasonally-resolved time series. We close the manuscript by proposing a framework for transparent communication of seasonality-related research across different communities.

International audience; A procedure for the measurement of 87Sr/86Sr in carbonates without off-line strontium separation was developed, validated and applied to Normandy chalkstones. The method is based on the injection of the dissolved/leached sample into a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system directly coupled to a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS). Matrix and spectral (Ca, Rb) interferences were removed by an on-line separation procedure based on cation exchange chromatography using 1 M nitric acid as an eluent in the presence of 3.8 mM 18-crown-6. The main polyatomic interferent was identified as NO2Ca+, affecting mass 86 of strontium. Isotope ratios were calculated by multiple linear regression from the measured chromatographic peaks. The method was evaluated using a NIST 987 Sr isotope reference material and subsequently validated employing a JCp-1 coral reference material in comparison with the traditional off-line separation procedure. Finally, the method was applied to ten Normandy limestones (chalkstones) with results in agreement with the expected values based on geological, geochemical, and stratigraphic studies

International audience; Located 51.5°S in the vicinity of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, Cerro Benítez and the glacial valley of Lago Sofía host several caves and rock shelters that were occupied by megafauna and humans during the Late Pleistocene, including the Mylodon Cave and two of the oldest archaeological sites in Patagonia. During the last glaciation, Cerro Benítez was alternately covered by the Patagonian Ice Sheet and surrounded by an ice-dammed lake which restricted the access to the caves and rock shelters located under its uppermost level, 155 m a.s.l. This study aims to provide a detailed chronology of the deglaciation and lake regression in Cerro Benítez. The glacial fluctuations and the variations of lake level were reconstructed from multi-scale, remote-sensing data and field geomorphological mapping. In addition, we calculated the surface exposure age of 11 erratic blocks located above and on the lacustrine erosional platform using terrestrial cosmogenic 10Be in order to date ice downwasting and lake regression, respectively. Dates of ice downwasting and lake regression events were modelled from prior surface exposure ages using Bayesian statistics. The results suggest that the Patagonian Ice Sheet locally thinned by at least 300 m during MIS 3 in the aftermath of a major glacial advance. Following deglaciation, the ice-dammed lake experienced a slow local regression (ca. 2.5 mm. a−1) until 16.9 ka B2k, interpreted as the result of lake basin tilting due to differential post-glacial isostatic rebound. This initial phase of lake regression was followed by a faster regression caused by the reversal of the lake drainage between 16.9 and 15.4 ka B2k. We assess the chronological model by comparison with uplift and lakeshore erosion rates from the literature and eventually discuss the implications for megafaunal colonisation of the area.

International audience; L’Etat territorial français est en mutation. Les réformes de la décentralisation se mêlent aux aménagements de l’Etat déconcentré et à d’autres changements visant à réorganiser les territoires selon différentes formules plus modernes et visibles à l’échelle européenne et mondiale (grandes régions, métropolisation…). Le temps long des normes juridiques, des transformations administratives et des constructions sociales est court-circuité par les bouleversements des réformes territoriales, pensées dans un temps court et régulièrement remises en cause. Dès lors, les périmètres sans cesse renouvelés par les politiques publiques territorialisées viennent télescoper les temporalités des cadres territoriaux et normatifs que les sociétés produisent dans le temps long. Notamment, ils désorganisent le triptyque traditionnel communes-départements-Etat, ne sont pas toujours cohérents ni appropriés par les populations concernées, et créent en outre des tensions durables, même s’ils permettent aussi de nouvelles formes de coopération.

International audience; Quarries represent ‘landscapes archives’ as they supplied the stone required for historical buildings. Among them, the Caumont ancient quarry stands out in northern France, with its huge dimensions and its historical role, providing building stones at a regional scale since at least the Middle Ages. The present study aims to approach the quarrying methods used over time in Caumont by means of an optimized methodological approach. The designed methodology combines (1) the 3D modelling of the quarry, (2) archaeological prospection, (3) stratigraphical and microscopical study of the quarried bedrock, and (4) the geochronological approach in stalagmites precipitated inside the quarry. The studied quarry of Caumont was excavated as an open-cast quarry beginning with the escarpments along the River Seine and transformed later to an underground quarry supported by contoured bedrock pillars. The underground quarry with its 12 km of galleries shows a chambers-and-pillars pattern style excavated using two methods, producing an inferred volume of 273,529 m3 of building stone. The U–Th dating of two stalagmites suggests that quarrying activity had begun since at least the early medieval period and agrees with the excavation techniques and historical documents.

International audience; We study multi-period college admission problems where, at each period, a matching is computed and students have the option to either finalize their matches or participate to the next period. Students participating to an additional run of the matching mechanism can submit a new rank order list to the matching clearinghouse. Such gradual matching systems can adequately account for an additional source of heterogeneity among participants, like withdrawals. We identify the conditions under which such systems first ensure that participating to additional runs of the matching mechanism is safe for participants (in the sense that they can secure the spot they obtained at the previous round) and second yield to stable matchings (with a stability concept adapted to this environment). We use our results to evaluate the former French college admission system, where students could finalize their matches at different dates up to two months ahead the end of the admission campaign.

Digital consumption is developing, which modifies consumers’ practices through a digimorphosis process, without making materiality disappear. Hence, two types of consumption cohabit, generating a hybridization of practice. Adopting a qualitative approach, this research aims at understanding the way this practices porosity between digital and material consumption sets in, studying the case of books consumption. We suggest an interpretation grid of these hybrid practices that allows a dialogical understanding of books consumption, to go beyond the traditional dialectical opposition between eBooks and printed books. In depth and photo-elicitation based interviews allowed us to uncover privileged contact zones in the circulation and accumulation of books. This approach using practice theory might open the way to a broader reflection over value actualization through practice.; Le développement de la consommation digitale modifie les pratiques des consommateurs dans un processus de numérimorphose, sans pour autant faire disparaître la matérialité. Dès lors, deux types de consommation cohabitent, engendrant l’hybridation de pratiques. Adoptant une démarche qualitative, cette recherche a pour objectif de comprendre la façon dont se met en place cette hybridation entre consommation digitale et matérielle, en étudiant le cas de la consommation de livres. Nous proposons une grille de lecture de ces pratiques permettant une compréhension dialogique de la consommation de livre, afin de sortir de l’opposition dialectique traditionnelle entre livre numérique et imprimé. Des entretiens compréhensifs et par photo-élicitation nous ont permis de proposer une typologie des consommateurs de livres selon leur comportement à l’égard des pratiques de lecture et de l’objet livre. Ainsi, cette recherche favorise la compréhension de ces nouvelles pratiques pour les acteurs du marché, dans un contexte de développement du numérique.

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International audience

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International audience

This article aims to highlight the work of Joseph-Antoine Anglade, a teacher from Algiers, pioneer of special education in Algeria in the 1920s. After retracing the teacher’s career path, the article analyzes a text published by Anglade himself in the Revue pédagogique in 1923. In this text, the author formalizes his practice of special pedagogy by relying on numerous theoretical references. This analysis leads to a dialogue, at a century of distance, the reflective practice of this teacher with some of the contemporary questions, raised by the education of students with disabilities, in particular those relating to debates on inclusive education and universal design for learning., Cet article a pour objectif de mettre en lumière le travail de Joseph-Antoine Anglade, instituteur algérois, pionnier de l’enseignement spécialisé dans les années 1920. Après avoir retracé l’itinéraire professionnel de cet instituteur, l’article analyse l’un de ses textes, publié dans la Revue pédagogique en 1923. Dans ce texte, l’auteur formalise sa pratique de la pédagogie de perfectionnement en s’appuyant sur de nombreuses références théoriques. Cette analyse conduit à faire dialoguer, à un siècle de distance, la pratique réflexive de ce pédagogue avec certaines des questions contemporaines, soulevées par la scolarisation des élèves en situation de handicap, notamment celles relatives aux débats portant sur l’éducation inclusive et la « pédagogie universelle ».

The relationship between stress and health have been the subject of a great deal of research, particularly with students in health training. Indeed, expectations of the university can generate stress and have harmful consequences on the physical and mental health of students (e.g., sleep problems, depression, eating disorders, risky behaviour, poor lifestyle, etc.). Recognised as being particularly demanding and stressful, these courses have the particularity of confronting students with clinical sources of stress in addition to the academic sources of stress that can be encountered by any student. However, there is little training content that enables students to learn how to cope with these difficulties. It is therefore essential to prepare students to adapt to the complex work environment in which they will evolve professionally by providing them with tools and knowledge, particularly on the psychological and emotional level. For this, the concept of emotional intelligence seems relevant. Indeed, the acquisition of intra- and interpersonal skills such as the management, identification or expression of emotions is essential and a vector of well-being at work. It therefore seems obvious to us that the acquisition of these skills could find its place within health training. Furthermore, so-called active teaching methods, which involve the student in reflecting and adapting to real situations, seem more effective and could be relevant, particularly for the acquisition of these emotional skills. In this context, activities such as simulation or physical activity seem to be relevant tools to be used in order to put the students' emotions to work. Moreover, several studies have highlighted the psychological and emotional benefits of these activities. However, research in this area remains rather underdeveloped and the intervention modalities quite different (i.e. short programs based on lectures or interviews, or long programs based on theory and practice). Thus, this doctoral thesis aims to demonstrate the influence of interventional programs on the EI level of students enrolled in health training. The research consists of comparing different intervention programs to determine the most effective modalities for their inclusion in the training.; Les liens entre le stress et la santé ont fait l’objet d’un grand nombre de recherches, notamment auprès de la population étudiante en formation de santé. En effet, les attentes de l’université peuvent être génératrices de stress et avoir des conséquences néfastes sur la santé physique et mentale des étudiants (e.g., problèmes de sommeil, dépression, troubles du comportement alimentaire, conduites à risques, mauvaise hygiène de vie, etc.) Reconnues comme étant particulièrement exigeantes et stressantes, ces formations ont la particularité de confronter les étudiants à des sources de stress cliniques en plus des sources de stress académiques qui peuvent être rencontrées par tout étudiant. Or, peu de contenus de formation permettent aux étudiants d’apprendre à faire face à ces difficultés. Il paraît donc primordial de préparer les étudiants à s’adapter à l’environnement de travail complexe dans lequel ils évolueront professionnellement en leur fournissant des outils et des savoirs, notamment sur le plan psychologique et émotionnel. Pour cela, le concept d’intelligence émotionnelle semble pertinent. En effet, l’acquisition de compétences intra et interpersonnelles telles que la gestion, l’identification ou l’expression des émotions est essentielle et vecteur de bien-être au travail. Il nous paraît alors évident que l’acquisition de ces compétences puisse trouver sa place au sein des formations de santé. Par ailleurs, des pédagogies dites actives, engageant l’étudiant à réfléchir et à s’adapter en faisant face à des situations réelles, semblent plus efficaces et pourraient être pertinentes, notamment pour l’acquisition de ces compétences émotionnelles. Dans ce cadre, des activités telles que la simulation ou encore l’activité physique semblent être des outils pertinents à utiliser pour mettre à contribution les émotions des étudiants. D’ailleurs, plusieurs études mettent en évidence les bénéfices de ces activités sur le plan psychologique et émotionnel. Cependant, les recherches sur ce domaine restent assez peu développées et les modalités d’intervention assez différentes (i.e., programmes courts axés sur des conférences ou entretiens, ou programmes longs axés sur de la théorie et de la pratique). Ainsi, cette thèse de doctorat vise à démontrer l’influence de programmes interventionnels sur le niveau d’IE d’étudiants inscrits en formation de santé. Cette recherche consiste à comparer différents programmes d’intervention afin de déterminer les modalités les plus efficaces pour permettre leur inclusion dans la formation.

International audience; Attitude and confidence have been extensively studied in the literature on different areas of Marketing. Medical tourism is not one of them, so we decided to start this study to understand their effects on patient travelers. The quality of care, which is essential in the patient's decision in choosing his hospital, his medical center and therefore his medical destination, is also studied to understand its effect in the concept of medical tourism. This study is part of more general research work. A qualitative study was initiated where 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted on Lebanese territory. The results of this study confirm the essential role that both confidence in healthcare and quality of care play on attitude towards medical tourism.

Plusieurs critères contribuent à la réussite de l'intégration des cours de robotique éducationnelle dans les programmes scolaires. Comme pour l'intégration du reste des TICE, pour que ces technologies soient vraiment facilitatrices pour les processus d'enseignement-apprentissage les enseignants doivent certes être formés aux compétences techniques requises mais ils doivent surtout donner la primeur aux aspects pédagogiques. L'enjeu se situe donc principalement au niveau de la proposition de situations pédagogiques pertinentes (Béziat, 2019).Enseigner le codage et la robotique ou utiliser les TICE comme outil de médiation pour l'apprentissage doit se faire dans un environnement riche et efficient. Dans ce cadre, l'enseignant doit fonder la conception et l'animation des séances sur différents critères : la scénarisation (Komis, Romero, & Misirli, 2017), les théories de la transmission de l'information dont la métacognition (Proust, 2018) et le constructionnisme (Harel & Papert, 1991), ainsi que les interactions ayant lieu au sein du groupe. L'enseignant doit aussi pouvoir investir les instruments numériques d'une manière appropriée et permettre aux élèves de les investir convenablement, il doit donner un sens à ces usages et doit aussi fournir assez d'informations afin de garantir aux élèves un usage conscient et maitrisé des outils (Béziat & Villemonteix, 2016). Son rôle au sein des activités de codage et de robotique serait un rôle d'enseignant facilitateur des apprentissages. L'environnement d'apprentissage doit aussi répondre à des critères logistiques quant à la disposition à proposer et à la distribution du matériel. Tous ces éléments sont nécessaires à la mise en place des séances de codage et de robotique et doivent être accompagnés de formations liées à la technicité à maîtriser. La communication propose de détailler les processus pédagogiques nécessaires au bon fonctionnement des cours de codage et de robotique, inspirée d'une recherche doctorale en cours. L'étude effectuée au niveau de la thèse doctorale décrit l'effet des activités de codage et de robotique sur le fonctionnement exécutif d'enfants âgés de 9 à 12 ans. Sept groupes constitués de cinq enfants chacun ont participé à douze séances de codage et de robotique à raison de trois séances hebdomadaires. Des évaluations réalisées grâce à des tâches cognitives et des observations structurées ont permis de mettre en évidence le progrès accompli par les participants au niveau de leur fonctionnement exécutif. Les évaluations effectuées grâce aux tâches cognitives ont montré que les douze séances de codage et de robotique étalées sur une période de quatre semaines semblent permettre une évolution au niveau du contrôle des interférences (valeur p égale à 0,003), de l'alternance entre deux tâches (valeur p égale à 0,000) et au niveau de la une réduction au niveau du nombre de mouvements requis pour effectuer une tâche et donc une amélioration au niveau de la résolution de problèmes (valeur p égale à 0,000)Les observations structurées ont permis de montrer que les élèves ont mis en jeu des compétences liées à la créativité, à la planification, à l'adaptation et aux interactions.Ainsi, les séances de codage et de robotique proposées et mises en place suite à une réflexion des pratiques enseignantes reliées au rôle que doit jouer l'enseignant et à la structuration de l'environnement d'apprentissage ont semblé permettre aux élèves de développer leurs fonctions exécutives.

International audience; The Baltic Sea Region (BSR) appears as a specific space in which ports, maritime transport and the entire shipping cluster are crucially important. The BSR is one of the most heavily trafficked seas in the world, and maritime transport has contributed to its prosperity. After the collapse of the USSR, the Baltic Sea recovered its role as a contact and transit area. The opening up of the eastern shore to the market economy has brought about the reactivation of its maritime system, which over the years never stopped being a major element in the production of regional integration. Discourses on Baltic unity are often based on the importance of maritimity and maritime trade, but there is also a significant regional diversity in the shipping industry. Nowadays, the emergence of new directions in specialisation, and of new decision makers in ports, allows for new expectations and issues for Baltic ports. The author shows how, in this special Baltic context, ports and maritime stakeholders interact, participating in regional development and integration, but also by pursuing differentiated trajectories.

International audience; La métropolisation et la périurbanisation à l'œuvre en France depuis l'après-guerre ont structuré le paysage socio-spatial de la mégarégion de Paris selon des processus complexes opérant à des rythmes et des échelles divers. Si la tertiarisation de l'emploi et la croissance des cadres et professions intellectuelles supérieures y ont été plus importantes que dans le reste de la France, le phénomène ne s'est pas répandu de manière uniforme dans cet espace, mais bien au profit de Paris et des villes les plus grandes et les plus proches de la capitale. Nous assistons donc à un renforcement des divisions sociales déjà présentes tant à l'échelle des villes qu'entre les villes elles-mêmes.

International audience; L’espace social de la méga-région parisienne a connu des recompositions majeures depuis 1968, entraînées par l’affirmation de Paris comme métropole mondiale et la tertiarisation des économies proportionnellement à l’intensité de l’urbanisation des territoires. S’appuyant sur des données originales issues de, l’Échantillon Démographique Permanent, cette fiche s’attache à discerner à l’échelle des intercommunalités (EPCI) ce qui relève d’une dynamique intrinsèque aux territoires et ce qui est imputable aux effets différenciés des mobilités résidentielles des différentes classes sociales. Par-delà la grande diversité des trajectoires sociales des territoires et l’effet de la taille des EPCI, on observe des contrastes très marqués entre des EPCI qui ont connu un embourgeoisement et d’autres qui se sont nettement paupérisés.

International audience; Rires d’enfants, encouragements, corps juvéniles dansle ressac… Les plages s’ambiancent et se paysagent letemps de l’été. Cabanes gonflables, portiques, toboggans,piscines et trampolines : tels sont les principauxdispositifs éphémères voués au jeu sur le sable.

International audience; « Cet ouvrage collectif coordonné par Matthieu Laville et Philippe Mazereau […] a pour intention principale de rendre compte des apports de plusieurs recherches menées ces dernières années à propos de l’intervention professionnelle auprès de publics dits vulnérables. Cette intention semble d’autant plus louable et opportune que l’on constate une évolution forte des situations (épreuves de la vie), conditions et modalités de vie (grande précarité sociale) d’un certain nombre de personnes présentant ainsi de nouvelles formes de fragilité conduisant à se poser la question de l’évolution des modes d’intervention habituels des professionnels placés au contact de ces publics. En effet, ces situations de vulnérabilité plus importante ne sont pas sans interroger leurs pratiques ordinaires dans un contexte où les institutions peinent par ailleurs à proposer des solutions concrètes et, dans le même temps, ont tendance à prescrire aux professionnels une autre approche du public » (Richard Wittorski, préface)

Ce chapitre s’intéresse à la gestion de plusieurs situations problématiques d’élèves qui présentent aux yeux des enseignants des troubles du comportement. Il s’appuie sur un corpus d’entretiens effectués auprès de professeurs des écoles ayant été confrontés à ces situations. Ces dernières, vécues comme difficiles, s’inscrivent dans un contexte scolaire où le prescrit de l’inclusion devient omniprésent. Dans ce contexte, nous nous intéressons aux démarches entreprises par ces enseignants pour répondre aux besoins de ces élèves. De quelles ressources disposent-ils ? Vers quels partenaires se tournent-ils ? Dans quelle mesure et jusqu’à quel point la « vulnérabilité problématique » de ce public peut-elle entraîner en cascade une vulnérabilité professionnelle chez ces professionnels ?ouExtrait de l'introduction : [...] Le chapitre 2, co-écrit par Matthieu Laville et par Éric Saillot, s’intéresse aux tensions éprouvées par les enseignants, entre l’idéal prescriptif de l’éducation inclusive et sa réalité de terrain, parfois source d’empêchement du pouvoir d’agir. Il porte plus particulièrement sur la gestion de plusieurs situations, vécues comme professionnellement difficiles, d’élèves présentant, aux yeux des enseignants, des troubles du comportement. L’analyse d’un corpus de six entretiens approfondis effectués auprès de professeurs des écoles rend compte des démarches entreprises par ces enseignants pour répondre aux besoins de ces élèves. Les auteurs s’interrogent alors sur la porosité de la vulnérabilité et se demandent dans quelle mesure la « vulnérabilité problématique » de ce public d’élèves peut entrainer en cascade une vulnérabilité professionnelle. [...]

International audience

International audience; L’urgence liée aux contraintes sanitaires et l’essor massif du télétravail depuis mars 2020 ont conduit à une transformation des relations de travail et, avec elles, du dialogue social dans les entreprises.En s‘appuyant sur les données issues d’une post-enquête REPONSE de la Dares, ce numéro de Connaissance de l’emploi s’intéresse à ces transformations du dialogue social et met au jour quatre résultats : une captation du dialogue social au sommet de l’entreprise, une focalisation de la négociation sur les thématiques directement liées au Covid-19, une complexification de l’activité des représentant.es des salarié.es, et enfin une distanciation du travail syndical. La pandémie de Covid-19 participe ainsi d’un mouvement de renforcement du pouvoir patronal au détriment du pouvoir syndical.

International audience

International audience

International audience; As micromammals are highly sensitive to changes in their habitat, variations in species representation are often used to reconstruct local environmental conditions. However, taphonomic aspects of micromammals are often overlooked, despite the fact that they can provide important information for our understanding of archaeological sites. La Roche-à-Pierrot, Saint-Césaire, is a major archaeological site for our understanding of the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition in Western Europe. Clearly documenting site formation processes, the post-depositional reworking of deposits and the sequence of human occupations is fundamental for providing a secure archaeostratigraphic context of the site. The exceptionally large accumulation of micromammals from recently excavated stratigraphic units at the site makes it possible to track variations in the density of micromammals across the stratigraphic sequence. The taphonomic analysis of micromammals demonstrates these variations are not related to a change in the main accumulation agent or post-depositional phenomena. A negative correlation between small mammal remains and archaeological material suggests that peaks in micromammal densities can potentially be correlated with periods when the site was abandoned or when human occupation was less intense, and therefore provide new data for interpreting the Saint-Césaire stratigraphic sequence.

International audience

International audience

Introduction The notions of reproducibility and replicability are currently the object of intense debates involving all scientific circles, whether by way of authoritative journals, blogs and research notebooks, or more generally through social networks. The entire scientific world seems to be mobilised to identify, with more or less certainty, the “good and bad pupils” in this domain. At the origin of this movement, recent and multiple scandals seem to touch one discipline after another (med...

International audience; We show that the long-term properties of price and cost in Chamberlin's (1933) monopolistic competition model can be reproduced with a soft-capacity constrained price competition oligopoly model for a homogeneous good with free entry.

International audience

International audience

Our current society is experiencing a third revolution of the modern era with the explosion of digital technology (Michaut & Roche, 2017). It prefigures a change in practices and an upheaval in organisations (Autissier et al., 2014). In health establishments, proximity health managers are considered to be a central link in complex organisations where digital ambition is increasing since the law of July 2019. However, there seems to be a tension between the injunctions pushing managers to take up this change and a very different reality of appropriation of the digital working environment (ENT). We can ask ourselves, especially from the perspective of enabling environment capabilities (Bonvin and Farvaque, 2007; Fernagu Oudet, 2012), whether managers are seizing this digital ambition in their managerial practices. Thanks to eleven exploratory interviews and a multicentric experimental method, combining four investigation tools, based on thirty semi-directive interviews carried out in France, in the Normandy region, we have highlighted a phenomenon of basic use of the ENT still far from the potential of the digital workplace. Managers would above all be in a process of computing environment and not of digital appropriation, in a logic of instrumentation. The emergence of five conversion factors leads us to move away from a techno-centric approach (Albero and Thibault, 2009; Rabardel 1995) and an ontosystemic consideration. Taking hold of ENT should be understood from an ecosystemic point of view where individual, family, environmental, organisational, social and instrumental characteristics would be interdependent.; Notre société actuelle vit la troisième révolution de l’ère moderne avec l’explosion du numérique (Michaut & Roche, 2017). Elle préfigure une modification des usages et un bouleversement des organisations (Autissier et al., 2014). Dans les établissements de santé, le cadre de santé de proximité est considéré comme un maillon central des organisations complexes où l’ambition numérique s’accroît depuis la loi de juillet 2019. Pourtant, il semble exister une tension entre les injonctions poussant le cadre à se saisir de cette mutation et une réalité bien différente d’appropriation de l’environnement numérique de travail (ENT). Nous pouvons nous demander, notamment sous l’angle des environnements capacitants (Bonvin et Farvaque, 2007; Fernagu Oudet, 2012), si ce manager s’empare de cette ambition numérique dans ses pratiques managériales. Grâce à onze entretiens exploratoires et une méthode expérimentale multicentrique, combinant quatre outils d’investigation, basée sur trente entretiens semi-directifs réalisés en France, sur le territoire normand, nous avons mis en exergue un phénomène d’utilisation basique de l’ENT encore éloigné du potentiel de la digital workplace. Les cadres seraient surtout dans un processus d’appropriation informatique et non pas numérique, dans une logique d’instrumentation. L’émergence de cinq facteurs de conversion amène à nous éloigner d’une approche technocentrée (Albero et Thibault, 2009 ; Rabardel 1995) et d’une considération ontosystémique. S’emparer de l’ENT serait à appréhender sous l’angle écosystémique où les caractéristiques individuelles, familiales, environnementales, organisationnelles, sociales, instrumentales sont interdépendantes.

International audience

International audience; Recent archaeological research has highlighted the potential role of mobile pastoral groups in the diffusion of raw materials and technological innovations between the southern Caucasus and north‐western Iran from the Neolithic onwards. Two successive projects, PAST‐OBS and SCOPE, were designed to explore this hypothesis through the study of obsidian consumption patterns from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age using a flexible analytical strategy that considerably extends the scale of obsidian studies in these regions. By focusing on the exploitation of obsidian at multiple levels—local, regional and interregional—we hope to unravel the complexity of the obsidian networks under study. The aim of this paper is to present (1) a reassessment of the work so far carried out by previous obsidian studies, with a view to homogenizing and to clarifying the nomenclature in use; and (2) an introduction to the PAST‐OBS and SCOPE projects in order to initiate a discussion of our preliminary results.

The Upper Cretaceous Chalk Group is renowned as a major aquifer, but the development of secondary porosity due to karstic conduits is poorly understood. Hydrogeological data and evidence from boreholes, sections, and tracer tests indicate that dissolutional conduits occur throughout the Chalk aquifer. Here, we assess the evidence for Chalk karst, and combine it with theoretical models of dissolution and cave formation to produce a conceptual model for the development of karstic conduits. Dissolution due to the mixing of saturated waters of contrasting chemistry along key lithostratigraphical inception horizons form extensive but isolated conduit networks. These form a significant proportion of the secondary porosity and enhance permeability. They prime the aquifer for the development of more integrated conduit networks formed by focused recharge of unsaturated surface derived water. However, the porous, well-fractured nature of the Chalk means that the time needed to form large integrated cave systems is often longer than timescales of landscape change. Continued landscape evolution and water table lowering halts conduit development before they can enlarge into cave systems except where geological and geomorphological settings are favourable. Groundwater models need to consider the formation of secondary karst permeability as this has a major influence on groundwater flow.

Previous studies (Augustinova et al., Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25(2), 767-774, 2018; Li & Bosman, Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 3(4), 272-284, 1996) have shown that the larger Stroop effects reported in older adults is specifically due to age-related differences in the magnitude of response - and not semantic - conflict, both of which are thought to contribute to overall Stroop interference. However, the most recent contribution to the issue of the unitary versus composite nature of the Stroop effect argues that semantic conflict has not been clearly dissociated from response conflict in these or any other past Stroop studies, meaning that the very existence of semantic conflict is at present uncertain. To distinguish clearly between the two types of conflict, the present study employed the two-to-one Stroop paradigm with a color-neutral word baseline. This addition made it possible to isolate a contribution of semantic conflict that was independent of both response conflict and Stroop facilitation. Therefore, this study provides the first unambiguous empirical demonstration of the composite nature of Stroop interference - as originally claimed by multi-stage models of Stroop interference. This permitted the further observation of significantly higher levels of semantic conflict in older adults, whereas the level of response conflict in the present study remained unaffected by healthy aging - a finding that directly contrasts with previous studies employing alternative measures of response and semantic conflict. Two qualitatively different explanations of this apparent divergence across studies are discussed.