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1. Characterization of Stilbene Composition in Grape Berries from Wild Vitis Species in Year-To-Year Harvest

Author: Jean-Michel Mérillon, Josep Valls Fonayet, Gilles de Revel, Pierre Waffo-Teguo, Tristan Richard, Céline Franc, Julien Gabaston, Ghislaine Hilbert, Eric Gomès, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011)
Subjects: Triple quadrupole, 0106 biological sciences, Vintage, Grape berries, Mass spectrometry, Chemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010401 analytical chemistry, General Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Pallidol, Native Vitis, Ampelopsin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Horticulture, Vitis species, Stilbenes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Composition (visual arts), Grape berry, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vitis vinifera, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Asian and American Vitis species possess a strong potential for crossbreeding programs, owing to their several resistance properties. Stilbenes are phenolic compounds present in grape berries and are well-known for their main role as phytoalexins and resistance to biotic stresses in plants. However, their identification and quantification in grape berries from wild Vitis remains unexplored. A mass spectrometry multiple reaction monitoring method combined with the analysis of pure standards allowed for the unambiguous characterization of 20 stilbenes in the grape berry skin extracts of nine native Vitis species and one cultivated Vitis vinifera species (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon). A main occurrence of monomeric (Z-piceid, E-piceid, E-isorhapontin, and E-astringin), dimeric (E-epsilon-viniferin, Z-epsilon-viniferin, and pallidol), and oligomeric (isohopeaphenol and r-viniferin) stilbenes was highlighted. Some stilbenes were clearly characterized for the first time in grape berries, such as the dimers ampelopsin A, E-vitisinol C, and parthenocissin A as well as the tetramers r2-viniferin and r-viniferin. Stilbene composition and content varied widely among several Vitis species and vintage years.
Published: 2020
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2. The functional microbiome of grapevine throughout plant evolutionary history and lifetime

Author: Fournier, Paola, Pellan, Lucile, Barroso-Bergadà, Didac, Bohan, David, Candresse, Thierry, Delmotte, François, Dufour, Marie-Cécile, Lauvergeat, Virginie, Le Marrec, Claire, Marais, Armelle, Martins, Guilherme, Masneuf-Pomarède, Isabelle, Rey, Patrice, Sherman, David James, This, Patrice, Frioux, Clémence, Labarthe, Simon, Vacher, Corinne, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Unité de Recherche Œnologie [Villenave d'Ornon] (OENO), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), from patterns to models in computational biodiversity and biotechnology (PLEIADE), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), We are very grateful to Maureen Pellan for the design of Fig. 3. The authors acknowledge the support of the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the grants 20-PCPA-0010 (PPR VITAE) and ANR-17-CE32-0011 (NGB), and of FranceAgrimer and CNIV under the grant n°2018-52537 (Vitirhizobiome). LP received funding from Fondation Bordeaux Université, ANR-20-PCPA-0010,VITAE,Cultivating the grapevine without pesticides : towards agroecological wine-producing socio-ecosystems(2020), and ANR-17-CE32-0011,NGB,Biosurveillance Next-Gen des changements dans la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes(2017)
Subjects: Oomycete, Biogeography, Bacteria, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant-microbe interaction, Fungi, Vitis, Metagenomics, Microbial network, Coevolution, Virus
Abstract: International audience; European grapevine is a complex holobiont composed of two plant genomes, that of the scion (Vitis vinifera L.) and the rootstock (Vitis spp.), and a multitude of microbial genomes that collectively form the microbiome. The grapevine microbiome has been extensively described over the last decade, primarily using metabarcoding approaches. Unfortunately, metabarcoding data alone provide little information on microbial functions and outcomes of plant-microbe interactions. Here we review knowledge about the microorganisms that have a demonstrated influence, positive or negative, on the performance of the grapevine holobiont. Our review encompasses bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts, oomycetes and viruses. It covers aboveground and belowground microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi. We focus on taxa and functions that protect the plant against pathogens and pests, promote growth, increase tolerance to abiotic stresses and highlight those involved in disease and decline. As the outcomes of plant-microbe interactions are labile, we examine the dynamics and functions of grapevine-microbiome interactions over both the plant lifetime and the plant evolutionary history, beginning with plant domestication. Based on the knowledge and gaps we identify, we suggest field sampling designs, culture-based experiments, molecular tools and theoretical analysis methods, including shotgun metagenomics and network models, that could be used in future research to uncover and leverage the full functional potential of the grapevine microbiome.
Published: 2022
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3. Polyphenol Profiles of Just Pruned Grapevine Canes from Wild Vitis Accessions and Vitis vinifera Cultivars

Author: Sarah Jane Cookson, Gilles de Revel, Josep Valls Fonayet, Céline Franc, Tristan Richard, Sylvain Prigent, Grégoire Loupit, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), MetaboHUB, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: grapevine shoots, viniferin, Polyphenol, 0106 biological sciences, secondary metabolites, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010401 analytical chemistry, Viniferin, General Chemistry, rootstock, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Horticulture, Vitis vinifera, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Cultivar, UHPLC−QqQ, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Rootstock, métabolisme, 010606 plant biology & botany, Wine industry
Abstract: International audience; Grapevine canes are an abundant byproduct of the wine industry. The stilbene contents of Vitis vinifera cultivars have been largely studied, but little is known about the stilbene contents of wild Vitis accessions. Moreover, there have only been few studies on the quantification of other phenolic compounds in just pruned grapevine canes. In our study, we investigated the polyphenol profile of 51 genotypes belonging to 15 Vitis spp. A total of 36 polyphenols (20 stilbenes, 6 flavanols, 7 flavonols, and 3 phenolic acids) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Our results suggest that some wild Vitis accessions could be of interest in terms of the concentration of bioactive polyphenols and that flavanols contribute significantly to the antioxidant activity of grapevine cane extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most exhaustive study of the polyphenolic composition of grapevine canes of wild Vitis spp.
Published: 2020
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4. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling underlines the stage‐ and time‐dependent effects of high temperature on grape berry metabolism

Author: John E. Lunn, Marc Bonneu, Lijun Wang, Eric Gomès, Regina Feil, David Lecourieux, Philippe Pieri, Stéphane Claverol, Serge Delrot, Fatma Lecourieux, Christian Kappel, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CGFB), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux Ségalen [Bordeaux 2], Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Botany [Beijing] (IB-CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universität Potsdam, Proteomic Facility [Bordeaux] (Functional Genomic Center), Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), and ANR-10-GENM-0004,DURAVITIS,Bases développementales, moléculaires et génétiques de l'adaptation de la vigne à la contrainte thermique.(2010)
Subjects: Proteomics, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Hot Temperature, Proteome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), Plant Science, Berry, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, heat stress, Cell wall, 03 medical and health sciences, Metabolomics, Cell Wall, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vitis, Food science, Secondary metabolism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, proteomic, Plant Proteins, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Wine, 0303 health sciences, food and beverages, Ripening, primary and secondary metabolisms, Metabolism, 15. Life on land, Lipid Metabolism, berry, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Fruit, Vitis vinifera, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Metabolome, Transcriptome, Heat-Shock Response, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Climate change scenarios predict an increase in mean air temperatures and in the frequency, intensity, and length of extreme temperature events in many wine-growing regions worldwide. Because elevated temperature has detrimental effects on the berry growth and composition, it threatens the economic and environmental sustainability of wine production. Using Cabernet Sauvignon fruit-bearing cuttings, we investigated the effects of high temperature (HT) on grapevine berries through a label-free shotgun proteomic analysis coupled to a complementary metabolomic study. Among the 2279 proteins identified, 592 differentially abundant proteins were found in berries exposed to HT. The gene ontology categories "Stress", "Protein", "Secondary metabolism" and "Cell wall" were predominantly altered under HT. High temperatures strongly impaired carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and the effects depended on the stage of development and duration of treatment. Transcript amounts correlated poorly with protein expression levels in HT berries, highlighting the value of proteomic studies in the context of heat stress. Furthermore, this work reveals that HT alters key proteins driving berry development and ripening. Finally, we provide a list of differentially abundant proteins that can be considered as potential markers for developing or selecting grape varieties that are better adapted to warmer climates or extreme heat waves. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2020
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5. Triterpenoid profiles of the leaves of wild and domesticated grapevines

Author: Aleksandra Burdziej, Anna Szakiel, Tristan Richard, Stéphanie Cluzet, Cezary Pączkowski, Agnès Destrac-Irvine, University of Warsaw (UW), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Campesterol, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Taraxerol, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Genus, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Cultivar, wine.grape_variety, Oleanane, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Vitis aestivalis, Stigmasterol, biology, biology.organism_classification, Vitis riparia, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, wine, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; The composition of steroids and triterpenoids in the leaves of eight grapevine species was analyzed in order to assess phenotypic differences. Four wild species (Vitis aestivalis Michx., Vitis labrusca L., Vitis riparia Michx., and Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi) and four domesticated (Vitis vinifera cultivars: Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay, Marselan, and Merlot) were studied. Although the main profiles of steroids and triterpenoids were similar in all analyzed extracts, remarkable quantitative differences in the content of these compounds in Vitis spp. leaves were demonstrated by GC–MS/FID analysis. The analyzed Vitis plants differed in the level of sterols, i.e. cholesterol (1), campesterol (2), stigmasterol (3), clionasterol (4) (exclusively in V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi), sitosterol (5), and their amount was generally higher in wild grapevines. The predominance of pentacyclic triterpenoids of ursane-, oleanane-, lupane- and friedooleanane (taraxerane)-type skeletons depended on the studied cultivar/variety. Taraxerol (7) may be considered as a biomarker compound of V. vinifera leaves. The obtained data supplement information about biochemical diversity of Vitis genus and despite small qualitative differences allow species discrimination considering phylogenetic relationships confirmed by HCPC analysis. Differences between wild and cultivated grapevines in steroid and triterpenoid profiles may be connected to the domestication process.
Published: 2019
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6. Grapevine decline is associated with difference in soil microbial composition and activity

Author: Romain Darriaut, Elisa Marguerit, Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarède, Séverine Mary, Patricia Ballestra, Guillaume Darrieutort, Nathalie Ollat, Philippe Vivin, Coralie Dewasme, Guilherme Martins, Virginie Lauvergeat, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ISVV Vitinnov, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Vine, Vitis vinifera L, Mineral deficiency, grapevine decline, Horticulture, Biology, Vineyard, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, enzymatic activities, vineyard soil, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Microbiote, terroir, Botany, food and beverages, Agriculture, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease, Agronomy, microbial diversity, QK1-989, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Viticulture, Dysbiosis, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Grapevine decline is a top concern in viticulture worldwide and is often associated with many biotic and abiotic factors. Grape trunk diseases and viruses are some of the most frequently identified causes of vine dieback. However, a decline is sometimes observed when no mineral deficiency or excess, or pathogenic causes can be identified. Soil enzymatic and microbial activities are relevant bio-indicators since they are known to influence vine health. Grapevine associated microbiota, linked to vine fitness, is known to be influenced by soil microbiota coming from the microbial pool inhabiting the vineyard. This work describes the microbial diversity and activity of four different vineyard plots of the Bordeaux region, selected due to the presence of localised declining areas unexplained yet by disease symptoms. Soils were sampled in declining areas and areas within the same plot showing no decline symptoms, during autumn and spring periods. Significant differences in enzymatic activities, microbial biomass and activity were found among soils even if those soils presented quite similar physicochemical characteristics that could not explain these observed declines. The results of enzymatic assays distinguished patterns in autumn and spring periods with an overall greater enzymatic activity in soils from non-declining areas. This work suggests that soils displaying decline symptoms present a dysbiosis in functionality and diversity which is linked to vine health.
Published: 2021
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7. Impacts of Sodium Arsenite on Wood Microbiota of Esca-Diseased Grapevines

Author: Bruez, Emilie, Larignon, Philippe, Bertsch, Christophe, Robert-Siegwald, Guillaume, Lebrun, Marc Henri, Rey, Patrice, FLORENCE, FONTAINE, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement (LVBE), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes - EA 4707 (RIBP), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ministère de l'Agriculture et Comité Interprofessionnel de la Vigne en France (CNIV). (Projet CASDAR V1301)
Subjects: QH301-705.5, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], metabarcoding, Fomitiporia mediterranea, fungicide, trunk disease, white rot, Biology (General), Article
Abstract: International audience; Although sodium arsenite was widely used in Europe until its ban in 2003, its effects on microorganisms is not clearly understood. To improve our understanding of sodium arsenite curative effect on GTDs, grapevines displaying esca-foliar symptoms from different French regions (Alsace, Champagne, Languedoc) were treated or not with sodium arsenite, and analyzed for their wood microbiota. Using metabarcoding, we identified the fungal and bacterial taxa composition of microbiota colonizing woody trunk tissues. Large differences in fungal microbiota composition between treated and untreated grapevines were observed while no major impacts were observed on bacteria microbiota. The main fungal species detected in untreated necrotic woody tissues was Fomitiporia mediterranea (63-94%), a fungal pathogen associated with esca. The relative abundance of this fungal species significantly decreased after sodium arsenite treatment in the three vineyards, in particular in white-rot necrotic tissues and their borders (-90%). F. mediterranea was the most sensitive to sodium arsenite among fungi from grapevine woody tissues. These results strongly suggest that the effect of sodium arsenite on GTDs is due to its ability to efficiently and almost specifically eliminate F. mediterranea from white-rot necrotic tissues, allowing saprobic fungi to colonize the tissues previously occupied by this pathogenic fungus.
Published: 2021
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8. Metabolic, Organoleptic and Transcriptomic Impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Linear and Substituted Esters

Author: Philippe Marullo, Marine Trujillo, Rémy Viannais, Lucas Hercman, Sabine Guillaumie, Benoit Colonna-Ceccaldi, Warren Albertin, Jean-Christophe Barbe, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche Pernod Ricard, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-10-EQPX-0016,XYLOFOREST,Plateforme d'Innovation ' Forêt-Bois-Fibre-Biomasse du Futur '(2010)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Genes, Fungal, Sensation, Wine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Article, lcsh:Chemistry, Histones, Acetyltransferases, MGL2, Protein Interaction Mapping, anatomy_morphology, Humans, lcsh:QH301-705.5, YJU3, Esterases, histone acetylation, Reproducibility of Results, Epistasis, Genetic, Esters, Lipase, wine fermentation, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Haplotypes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Fermentation, Mutation, Female, substituted ester metabolism, Volatilization, Transcriptome
Abstract: Esters constitute a broad family of volatile compounds impacting the organoleptic properties of many beverages, including wine and beer. They can be classified according to their chemical structure. Higher alcohol acetates differ from fatty acid ethyl esters, whereas a third group, substituted ethyl esters, contributes to the fruitiness of red wines. Derived from yeast metabolism, the biosynthesis of higher alcohol acetates and fatty acid ethyl esters has been widely investigated at the enzymatic and genetic levels. As previously reported, two pairs of esterases, respectively encoded by the paralogue genes ATF1 and ATF2, and EEB1 and EHT1, are mostly involved in the biosynthesis of higher alcohol acetates and fatty acid ethyl esters. These esterases have a moderate effect on the biosynthesis of substituted ethyl esters, which depend on mono-acyl lipases encoded by MGL2 and YJU3. The functional characterization of such genes helps to improve our understanding of substituted ester metabolism in the context of wine alcohol fermentation. In order to evaluate the overall sensorial impact of esters, we attempted to produce young red wines without esters by generating a multiple esterase-free strain (Δatf1, Δatf2, Δeeb1, and Δeht1). Surprisingly, it was not possible to obtain the deletion of MGL2 in the Δatf1/Δatf2/Δeeb1/Δeht1 background, highlighting unsuspected genetic incompatibilities between ATF1 and MGL2. A preliminary RNA-seq analysis depicted the overall effect of the Δatf1/Δatf2/Δeeb1/Δeht1 genotype that triggers the expression shift of 1124 genes involved in nitrogen and lipid metabolism, but also chromatin organization and histone acetylation. These findings reveal unsuspected regulatory roles of ester metabolism in genome expression for the first time.
Published: 2021
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9. Impacts of added oenological tannins on red wine quality to counteract Botrytis infection in Merlot grapes

Author: Gancel, Anne-Laure, Vignault, Adeline, Pilard, Etienne, Miramont, Clément, JOURDES, Michaël, Fermaud, Marc, Roudet, Jean, Zamora, Fernando, Teissedre, Pierre-Louis, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Universitat Rovira i Virgili
Subjects: colour, fungi, œnological tannins, Botany, food and beverages, laccase activity, Agriculture, phenolic compounds, Red wines, sensory analysis, oenological tannins, QK1-989, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The contamination of grape berries by Botrytis cinerea can drastically damage wine quality, in particular causing colour degradation. In musts obtained from botrytised grapes, SO2 addition is the main means of avoiding oxidation damage due to laccases excreted by the pathogen. However, consumers are becoming increasingly reluctant to accept SO2 addition to wine. Oenological tannins are used for fining wines because of their colloidal properties, and for wine colour stabilisation due to their ability to condense with anthocyanins. They are also known for their antioxidant and antioxidasic properties. They were thus investigated in the present study for their potential as an alternative to SO2 against laccase oxidation.The impact of various types of oenological tannins on musts and wines was studied once added to musts obtained from the Merlot cultivar, comprising 20 % and 50 % botrytised grapes. Laccase activity, antioxidant capacity, composition of phenolic compounds, spectrophotometric and CIELAB colour parameters were assessed in the musts and wines. Sensory analyses were also performed on 3-month-old wines to evaluate the visual, olfactory and gustative consequences of tannin addition. At a 50 % botrytisation rate, the addition of any type of oenological tannins (at a concentration of 100 g/hL) had no effect on laccase activity and did not protect phenolic compounds. However, at the same concentration and at a 20 % botrytisation rate, proanthocyanidin tannins from grape skin were found to be the most promising tannins with simultaneous protective effects, such as an inhibitory effect on laccase enzymes, protection of colour from complete degradation and preservation of some procyanidin compounds.Oenological tannins are promising candidates for protecting wines from Botrytis damage and they induce a differential effect according to their origin and structure. They could be used to reduce the amount of SO2 that is added during vatting. More research is needed to confirm and better understand the mode of action of various tannins at levels lower than the 20 % botrytised rate tested in the present study.
Published: 2021
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10. Combining potential oomycete and bacterial biocontrol agents as a tool to fight tomato Rhizoctonia root rot

Author: Amira Yacoub, Mejda Daami-Remadi, Nada Ouhaibi-Ben Abdeljalil, Jessica Vallance, Jonathan Gerbore, Patrice Rey, Université de Sousse, UR13AGR09, CRRHAB, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), BIOVITIS, BIOVITIS (FRANCE), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Rhizoctonia, Rhizobacteria, 01 natural sciences, Tomato, Rhizoctonia solani, Microbial community, Root rot, Pythium oligandrum, Plant growth, Strain-mixture, 2. Zero hunger, Oomycete, biology, Antibiosis, fungi, food and beverages, Biocontrol, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, Disease suppression, Fungicide, 010602 entomology, Horticulture, Insect Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Biological control of Rhizoctonia root rot and growth-promoting potential on two tomato cultivars was performed using Pythium oligandrum in combination, or not, with three tomato-associated rhizobacterial strains of Bacillus subtilis, B. thuringiensis and Enterobacter cloacae. The three bacterial strains displayed antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, with pathogen growth inhibition up to 60%. P. oligandrum also destroyed R. solani cells by antibiosis and mycoparasitism processes. In a three-month greenhouse assays, for all trials and the two tomato cultivars used, disease suppression potential, as compared to the controls, was up to 80% using the microorganisms mixtures and 74% by using P. oligandrum alone. Increased height in disease-free plants was obtained with the microorganism mixtures (59%) compared to P. oligandrum (49%). Plants grown in R. solani inoculated peat and challenged with microorganism mixtures were higher than controls, whereas those amended with P. oligandrum showed 46 to 87% height increase. All treatments with the microorganisms were more effective in suppressing the disease than chemical fungicide. Increment of aerial parts and root fresh weights on disease-free plants were until 51% for those treated with microorganism mixtures compared to 46% recorded using P. oligandrum. On inoculated plants, these parameters were enhanced using the mixed treatment. No differences in the rhizosphere-bacterial populations were observed by Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) when, either the rhizobacteria, with or without P. oligandrum, or the pathogen, were inoculated. This suggests that the native bacterial communities were not significantly impacted by the various microbial-inoculations. Only differences were obtained for the two tomato cultivars that the native bacterial microflora colonize.
Published: 2021
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11. Three types of elicitors induce grapevine resistance against downy mildew via common and specific immune responses

Author: Marie-France Corio-Costet, Enora Bodin, Tristan Richard, Aleksandra Burdziej, Anna Szakiel, Josep Valls Fonayet, Stéphanie Cluzet, Anthony Bellée, Noël Magnin, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pterostilbene, Metrics & More Article Recommendations BTH, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 01 natural sciences, MeJA, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Plasmopara viticola, PDS, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Plant defense against herbivory, Vitis, polyphenols, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, 2. Zero hunger, Methyl jasmonate, biology, Jasmonic acid, 010401 analytical chemistry, phosphonates, food and beverages, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, Elicitor, Oomycetes, chemistry, Vitis vinifera, gene expression, Downy mildew, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Salicylic acid, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Three recognized plant defense stimulators (PDS), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), benzothiadiazole (BTH) and phosphonates (PHOS), were sprayed on grapevine Vitis vinifera cuttings and conferred resistance to the biotrophic pathogen Plasmopara viticola. The effects on molecular defense-related genes and polyphenol content (stilbenes and flavanols) were revealed at 6 and 8 days post-elicitation. The transcript accumulation was consistent with the signaling pathway specific to the elicitor, salicylic acid for BTH, and jasmonic acid for MeJA, with some cross-talks. PHOS tended to modulate the defense responses like BTH. Moreover, in response to a downy mildew inoculation, the leaves pre-treated with PHOS and BTH overproduced pterostilbene, and after MeJA treatment, piceids and ε-viniferin, compared to uninoculated elicitor-treated leaves. These results provide evidence of the different modes of action of PDS and their role in sustainable viticulture.
Published: 2021
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12. Impacto de los taninos enológicos sobre la actividad lacasa

Author: Vignault, Adeline, Pascual, Olga, Gombau, Jordi, Jourdes, Michael, Moine, Virginie, Fermaud, Marc, Roudet, Jean, Canals, Joan Miquel, Teissedre, Pierre-Louis, Zamora, Fernando, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, BioLaffort [Floirac], Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Los taninos enológicos se utilizan habitualmente en la elaboración del vino por diversos motivos (Versari et al., 2013; Vignault et al., 2018), entre los que destacan su acción inhibitoria de la actividad lacasa en las vendimias afectadas por la podredumbre gris y la protección del color del vino frente al pardeamiento. No obstante, hasta hace muy poco este efecto anti-lacasa era tan solo empírico sin que existieran pruebas científicas de ello. Por esta razón, la OIV creo un grupo de trabajo específico para estudiar las verdaderas aplicaciones de los taninos enológicos. Fruto de sus investigaciones son los resultados que se presentan a continuación que demuestran la efectividad de los taninos enológicos para inhibir la actividad lacasa y proteger de este modo el color del vino (Vignault et al., 2019; Vignault et al., 2020).
Published: 2021
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13. Methyl salicylate, a grape and wine chemical marker and sensory contributor in wines elaborated from grapes affected or not by cryptogamic diseases

Author: Philippe Darriet, Xavier Poitou, Axel Marchal, Laurence Geny-Denis, Céline Cholet, Alexandre Pons, Emilie Bruez, Pascaline Redon, Laurent Delière, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Vine, Cryptogamic diseases, Guignardia, Wine, Methyl salicylate, Stem, Red wines, 01 natural sciences, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Chemical marker, Ascomycota, Green aromas, Humans, Vitis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Plant Diseases, Grapevine Trunk Disease (Esca), Black rot, biology, 010401 analytical chemistry, Solid Phase Extraction, fungi, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, 040401 food science, Salicylates, 0104 chemical sciences, Horticulture, chemistry, Plasmopara viticola, Fruit, Taste, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Downy mildew, Grape black rot, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is a plant metabolite that induces plant defence resistance and an odorous volatile compound presenting green nuances. This volatile compound was shown to be present in wine samples, sometimes at concentrations above its olfactory detection threshold. MeSA is localized in grapes, particularly in the skins and stems, and is extracted during red wine vinification. It was detected at the highest concentrations in wines of several grape varieties, made from grapes affected by cryptogamic diseases, namely downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola, and black rot caused by Guignardia bidwellii. It has also been detected in wines from vines affected by Esca, a Grapevine Trunk Disease. MeSA can also be considered to be a chemical marker in grapes and wine indicative of the level of development of several vine cryptogamic diseases.
Published: 2021
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14. Sap Flow Disruption in Grapevine Is the Early Signal Predicting the Structural, Functional, and Genetic Responses to Esca Disease

Author: Loris Ouadi, Emilie Bruez, Sylvie Bastien, Amira Yacoub, Cindy Coppin, Lucia Guérin-Dubrana, Florence Fontaine, Jean-Christophe Domec, Patrice Rey, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes - EA 4707 (RIBP), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-17-ASIE-0007,CWSSEA,Assessments of vulnerability of mature and secondary forests to climatic water stress in Southeast Asia(2017), and ANR-18-PRIM-0006,SWATCH,Effet du changement climatique sur les stratégies d'amélioration de l'utilisation en eau des bassin versants et des systèmes agrosylvopastoraux Méditerranéens(2018)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Stomatal conductance, stomatal activity, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Esca, Growing season, Plant Science, Disease, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, SB1-1110, 03 medical and health sciences, sap flow, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Original Research, Transpiration, 2. Zero hunger, Flow disruption, fungi, Plant culture, food and beverages, grapevine, Horticulture, 030104 developmental biology, Vascular network, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, gene expression, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Fungal species involved in Esca cause the formation of grapevine wood necroses. It results in the deterioration of vascular network transport capacity and the disturbance of the physiological processes, leading to gradual or sudden grapevine death. Herein, for two consecutive growing seasons, a detailed analysis of the structural (wood necrosis and leaf discoloration) and physiological parameters related to the water use of healthy and esca-symptomatic grapevines was conducted. Measurements were carried out on 17-year-old grapevines that expressed, or not, Esca-leaf symptoms in a vineyard of the Bordeaux region (France). Whole-plant transpiration was recorded continuously from pre-veraison to harvest, using noninvasive sap flow sensors. Whole-plant transpiration was systematically about 40–50% lower in Esca-diseased grapevines compared with controls, and this difference can be observed around 2 weeks before the first Esca-foliar symptoms appeared in the vineyard. Unlike grapevine sap flow disruption, structural (e.g., leaf discolorations), functional (e.g., stomatal conductance, photosynthetic activity, phenolic compounds), and genetic (e.g., expression of leaf-targeted genes) plant responses were only significantly impacted by Esca at the onset and during leaf symptoms development. We conclude that sap flow dynamic, which was related to a high level of a white-rot necrosis, provides a useful tool to predict plant disorders due to Esca-grapevine disease.
Published: 2021
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15. Plant resilience and physiological modifications induced by curettage of esca-diseased grapevines

Author: CHOLET, Celine, BRUEZ, Emilie, LECOMTE, Pascal, BARSACQ, Audrey, MARTIGNON, T., GIUDICI, M., SIMONIT, M., REY, Patrice, DUBOURDIEU, Denis, GENY-DENIS, Laurence, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Simonit & Sirch
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, Esca, Horticulture, Biology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Agriculture, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:Botany, Vitis vinifera L, Yield (wine), medicine, Grape berry, curettage, resilience, 2. Zero hunger, lcsh:S, food and beverages, yield, Curettage, lcsh:QK1-989, 030104 developmental biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, After treatment, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; The re-emergence of Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs), mainly Esca, has been observed in most of the world’s vineyards during the last two decades. Development of necrosis in grapevine wood, especially white-rot, is typically associated with Esca-diseased plants. One of the different methods being used in attempts to eradicate GTDs is curettage. This old cultural practice, which consists in surgically removing the necrotic wood, specifically white-rot, retaining only the non-necrotic tissue of Esca-diseased grapevine, is used in some European vineyards (Spain, France, Italy, Portugal), and is being increasingly reintroduced since 10 years ago in France. We, therefore, wanted to study the effect of curettage on vigour, fertility and berry quality, and year after year plant recovery. Our study synthetizes a 3-year experiment on Esca-diseased cv. Sauvignon blanc grapevines curetted in a commercial plot in the Bordeaux region. Asymptomatic control grapevines were compared to Esca-diseased grapevines without curettage (with typical foliar symptoms), and with curetted Esca-diseased grapevines (without foliar symptoms). Even if the curetted grapevines recovered lower vigour and fertility than the control plants, their grape berry quality was comparable, unlike for Esca-diseased grapevines. This cultural practice proved particularly effective in helping Esca-symptomatic grapevines to recover asymptomatic after treatment. Over time, curettage induces the resilience of grapevines, allowing them to recuperate their full physiological functioning, thereby compensating for Esca’s detrimental impact on berry quality.
Published: 2021
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16. MS- and NMR-metabolomic tools for the discrimination of wines: Applications for authenticity

Author: Tristan Richard, Josep Valls Fonayet, Grégoire Loupit, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Wine, Computer science, 010401 analytical chemistry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Chemical space, 0104 chemical sciences, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Metabolomics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Biochemical engineering, Terroir, Wine industry
Abstract: Wine is an extremely sophisticated chemical matrix in which the harmonious equilibria between many components (alcohols, acids, aromas, polyphenols, etc.) determine its final quality and value. The study of wine composition by metabolomic tools, referred as Wineomics, has emerged as a revolutionary approach to unravel the chemical space of wines and to associate wine composition with important viticultural and enological traits including grape variety, geographical origin, terroir or typicity. One of the most promising applications of metabolomic tools for wine analysis is the study of wine traceability and authenticity, a major issue for the wine industry and consumers. These studies are extremely complex, because counterfeits are becoming more sophisticated and they require powerful techniques capable to detect subtle differences between wines. In this chapter, we describe the targeted and untargeted approaches by Mass and NMR spectrometry-based metabolomics as well as some recent examples of their abilities in wine authenticity studies.
Published: 2021
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17. Knockout of VvCCD8 gene in grapevine affects shoot branching

Author: Chong Ren, Yuchen Guo, Shaohua Li, Zhenchang Liang, Fatma Lecourieux, Junhua Kong, Zhanwu Dai, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology/CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany [Beijing] (IB-CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS (UCAS), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutant, Strigolactone, Genetically Modified, Plant Science, Genetically modified crops, Biology, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, Dioxygenases, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Knockout Techniques, lcsh:Botany, Shoot branching, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vitis, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Gene, Carotenoid, CRISPR/Cas9, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Gene Editing, 0303 health sciences, Arabidopsis Proteins, fungi, CCD8, mutant, shoot branching, strigolactone, food and beverages, Plant, Herbaceous plant, Plants, Plants, Genetically Modified, Cell biology, lcsh:QK1-989, chemistry, Genes, Shoot, Expression cassette, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Plant Shoots, 010606 plant biology & botany, Research Article
Abstract: Background Shoot branching is an important trait of plants that allows them to adapt to environment changes. Strigolactones (SLs) are newly identified plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching in plants. The SL biosynthesis genes CCD7 (carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7) and CCD8 have been found to regulate branching in several herbaceous plants by taking advantage of their loss-of-function mutants. However, the role for CCD7 and CCD8 in shoot branching control in grapevine is still unknown due to the lack of corresponding mutants. Results Here we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the VvCCD7 and VvCCD8 genes in the grape hybrid 41B. The 41B embryogenic cells can easily be transformed and used for regeneration of the corresponding transformed plants. Sequencing analysis revealed that gene editing has been used successfully to target both VvCCD genes in 41B embryogenic cells. After regeneration, six 41B plantlets were identified as transgenic plants carrying the CCD8-sgRNA expression cassette. Among these, four plants showed mutation in the target region and were selected as ccd8 mutants. These ccd8 mutants showed increased shoot branching compared to the corresponding wild-type plants. In addition, no off-target mutation was detected in the tested mutants at predicted off-target sites. Conclusions Our results underline the key role of VvCCD8 in the control of grapevine shoot branching.
Published: 2020
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18. Gestion de l'Esca au vignoble : attention au type de greffe !

Author: Dewasme, Coralie, Mary, Séverine, Lecomte, Pascal, BIREBENT, Marc, Roby, Jean Philippe, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Worldwide Vineyards, and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Greffe, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Vitis Vinefera, Esca De La Vigne
Abstract: Une étude récente a permis d'établie l'impact du greffage sur l'expression des symptômes foliaires de la maladie de dépérissement
Published: 2020

19. Wine phenolic compounds differently affect the host-killing activity of two lytic bacteriophages infecting the lactic acid bacterium oenococcus oeni

Author: Melina Petrel, Claire Le Marrec, Adeline Goulet, Amel Chaïb, Alain Decendit, Patricia Ballestra, Fety Jaomanjaka, Christian Cambillau, Stéphanie Cluzet, Aurélie Lagarde, Cécile Philippe, Olivier Claisse, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin [Villenave d'Ornon] (ISVV), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon] (OENO), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Bordeaux Imaging Center (BIC), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut François Magendie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'ingénierie des systèmes macromoléculaires (LISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), ANR-14-CE20-0007,LYSOPLUS,Incidence des bactériophages infectant les bactéries lactiques (Leuconostocaceae) associées à la fabrication de pain au levain, de vin et de fromage et analyse bénéfices-risques de la lysogénie pour un meilleur contrôle des fermentations(2014), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut François Magendie-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Coumaric Acids, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, lcsh:QR1-502, Wine, receptor-binding protein, Article, lcsh:Microbiology, Cinnamic acid, Bacteriophage, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phenols, bacteriophage, Virology, Bacteriophages, Oenococcus, polyphenols, Winemaking, Oenococcus oeni, Flavonoids, biology, biology.organism_classification, Molecular Docking Simulation, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Biochemistry, Lytic cycle, Polyphenol, adsorption, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Myricetin, predation
Abstract: To provide insights into phage-host interactions during winemaking, we assessed whether phenolic compounds modulate the phage predation of Oenococcus oeni. Centrifugal partition chromatography was used to fractionate the phenolic compounds of a model red wine. The ability of lytic oenophage OE33PA to kill its host was reduced in the presence of two collected fractions in which we identified five compounds. Three, namely, quercetin, myricetin and p-coumaric acid, significantly reduced the phage predation of O. oeni when provided as individual pure molecules, as also did other structurally related compounds such as cinnamic acid. Their presence was correlated with a reduced adsorption rate of phage OE33PA on its host. Strikingly, none of the identified compounds affected the killing activity of the distantly related lytic phage Vinitor162. OE33PA and Vinitor162 were shown to exhibit different entry mechanisms to penetrate into bacterial cells. We propose that ligand-receptor interactions that mediate phage adsorption to the cell surface are diverse in O. oeni and are subject to differential interference by phenolic compounds. Their presence did not induce any modifications in the cell surface as visualized by TEM. Interestingly, docking analyses suggest that quercetin and cinnamic acid may interact with the tail of OE33PA and compete with host recognition.
Published: 2020
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20. Recent advancements in understanding the terroir effect on aromas in grapes and wines

Author: Cornelis van Leeuwen, Jean-Christophe Barbe, Philippe Darriet, Olivier Geffroy, Eric Gomès, Sabine Guillaumie, Pierre Helwi, Justine Laboyrie, Georgia Lytra, Nicolas Le Menn, Stéphanie Marchand, Magali Picard, Alexandre Pons, Armin Schüttler, Cécile Thibon, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin [Villenave d'Ornon] (ISVV), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Texas A&M University System, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Hochschule Geisenheim University
Subjects: lcsh:S, temperature, Terroir, nitrogen, lcsh:QK1-989, soil, lcsh:Agriculture, radiation, water balance, typicity, aroma, lcsh:Botany, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, vine, wine, climate
Abstract: International audience; Terroir is about the link between wine and its origin. It has long been understood by sensory evaluation that the taste of wine from a given variety can be related to its origins. Specific organoleptic characteristics of wine are influenced by environmental factors such as soil and climate. By deconstructing the effect of measurable soil and climate parameters on grape and wine aroma compounds, the terroir effect on wine typicity can be better understood. Climate influences on vine development and grape ripening are mainly associated with temperature, radiation and rainfall, while soil influences are primarily associated with water availability and nitrogen supply. Significant advances have been made over recent years in understanding wine aromas and their molecular basis and influences of climate and soil on a wide range of molecules responsible for wine aroma expression. This article aims to review these recent research advances to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of how terroir influences wine typicity. The effect of terroir on wine quality and typicity is sometimes considered intangible and difficult to explain on a scientific basis. By combining agronomic, analytical and sensory approaches, however, this review shows that the terroir effect is mediated by measurable factors that can easily be monitored in the vineyard. Assessment of the results compiled by this review allows the suggestion that terroir expression at specific sites might be maximized by choosing appropriate plant material in relation to soil and climate, by acting on manageable parameters like vine water and nitrogen status, or by implementing canopy management to modify microclimate in the bunch zone.
Published: 2020
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21. The sequence and thresholds of leaf hydraulic traits underlying grapevine varietal differences in drought tolerance

Author: Dayer, Silvina, Carlos Herrera, José, Dai, Zhanwu, Burlett, Régis, Lamarque, Laurent J., Delzon, Sylvain, BORTOLAMI, Giovanni, Cochard, Hervé, Gambetta, Gregory A., Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-10-EQPX-0016,XYLOFOREST,Plateforme d'Innovation ' Forêt-Bois-Fibre-Biomasse du Futur '(2010), ANR-10-IDEX-0003,IDEX BORDEAUX,Initiative d'excellence de l'Université de Bordeaux(2010), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: Drought, AcademicSubjects/SCI01210, Climate Change, Embolism, Water, Plant Transpiration, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Research Papers, Droughts, Transpiration, Turgor loss point, Plant Leaves, Plant Breeding, Plant—Environment Interactions, Plant Stomata, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Grapevine, Stomata
Abstract: Adapting agriculture to climate change is driving the need for the selection and breeding of drought-tolerant crops. The aim of this study was to identify key drought tolerance traits and determine the sequence of their water potential thresholds across three grapevine cultivars with contrasting water use behaviors, Grenache, Syrah, and Semillon. We quantified differences in water use between cultivars and combined this with the determination of other leaf-level traits (e.g. leaf turgor loss point, π TLP), leaf vulnerability to embolism (P50), and the hydraulic safety margin (HSM P50). Semillon exhibited the highest maximum transpiration (Emax), and lowest sensitivity of canopy stomatal conductance (Gc) to vapor pressure deficit (VPD), followed by Syrah and Grenache. Increasing Emax was correlated with more negative water potential at which stomata close (Pgs90), π TLP, and P50, suggesting that increasing water use is associated with hydraulic traits allowing gas exchange under more negative water potentials. Nevertheless, all the cultivars closed their stomata prior to leaf embolism formation. Modeling simulations demonstrated that despite a narrower HSM, Grenache takes longer to reach thresholds of hydraulic failure due to its conservative water use. This study demonstrates that the relationships between leaf hydraulic traits are complex and interactive, stressing the importance of integrating multiple traits in characterizing drought tolerance., The relationships between traits including stomatal regulation, leaf embolism thresholds, and survival time under drought are complex and interactive, stressing the importance of integrating multiple traits in characterizing drought tolerance.
Published: 2020
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22. Temperature-based grapevine sugar ripeness modelling for a wide range of Vitis vinifera L. cultivars

Author: Laurence Gény, Jean-Laurent Spring, Amber Parker, Rainer W. Hofmann, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Thierry Lacombe, Mike C. T. Trought, Paolo Storchi, António Graça, Agnès Destrac, Manfred Stoll, Iñaki García de Cortázar-Atauri, Daniel Molitor, Hans R. Schultz, Christine Monamy, Lincoln University, New Zealand, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroscope, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hochschule Geisenheim University, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sogrape Vinhos S.A., Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne (BIVB), Centro di ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia (CREA), and Plant & Food Research
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Grape, Ripeness, 01 natural sciences, Phenology modelling, Goodness of fit, Range (statistics), Climate change, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Harvest, Cultivar, Sugar, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Phenology, Forestry, Growing degree-day, 15. Life on land, Horticulture, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Increasing temperatures due to climate change are leading to advances in grapevine phenology and sugar accumulation in grape berries. This study aims to (i) determine if a temperature-based model can predict the time to target sugar concentrations from 170 to 220 g/L for Vitis vinifera L., (ii) use the best model to characterise the time to the specified target sugar concentrations for a wide range of cultivars with statistical evaluation of each cultivar's parameterisation, and (iii) establish cultivar classifications based on these thermal times to the specified target sugar concentrations.The Day of the Year (DOY) to reach the specified target sugar concentrations (170, 180, 190, 200, 210 and 220 g/L) was determined from time series of sugar concentrations collected from research institutes, extension services and private companies. Models were fitted for the species Vitis vinifera L. The two best-fit models for the DOY to reach the target sugar concentrations were selected using the Akaike Criterion (AIC) (evaluates model complexity and goodness of fit within one criterion) and assessed for model efficiency (EF) and error of prediction (RMSE, root means squared error) followed by a sensitivity analysis and model validation. The models were then parameterised for individual cultivars.The best model across all target sugar concentrations was the non-linear best Sigmoid model "best SIG"’ model (parameters: start date (t0) = 86, d =−0.1294, e = 14.87). The best linear (Growing Degree Days) model was also selected which represents the model that required the least parameters and therefore the simplest in application for winegrowers. This model was termed the “Grapevine Sugar Ripeness” model (GSR) (parameters: base temperature (Tb) = 0 °C, start date (t0) = 91 or 1 April, Northern Hemisphere). Both models performed better than the Winkler and Huglin growing degree day models.Sixty-five cultivars were classified for the thermal time to one or more of the six sugar targets using these two models. Fifty percent of all combinations of cultivar and time to target sugar concentrations had EF values greater than 0.5 and RMSE values less than seven days. Confidence intervals were calculated for cultivars where there was sufficient data for the thermal time to target sugar concentrations. The classifications generated from both models provides the opportunity to implement either model to support cultivar choice in response to concerns of climate change and may provide cultivar solutions to issues of harvesting grapes at high sugar concentrations with resultant higher alcohol wines.
Published: 2020
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23. Red wine extract disrupts Th17 lymphocyte differentiation in a colorectal cancer context

Author: Fanny Chalmin, François Ghiringhelli, Emeric Limagne, Cyril Auger, Emma Cantos-Villar, Pauline Chalons, Tristan Richard, Dominique Delmas, Philippe Chabert, Virginie Aires, Flavie Courtaut, Valérie B. Schini-Kerth, Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Nanomédecine Régénérative (NanoRegMed), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-11-LABX-0021,Lipstic,Lipoprotéines et santé : prévention et traitement des maladies inflammatoires non vasculaires et du(2011), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Inserm U1231 University UBFC Dijon, Plateforme de transfert en biologie cancérologique [Dijon], Centre d'épidémiologie des populations (CEP), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département d'oncologie médicale [Centre Georges-François Leclerc], Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon] (OENO), and ANR-11-LABX-0021,Lipstic,Lipoprotéines et santé : prévention et traitement des maladies inflammatoires non vasculaires et du cancer(2011)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancers polyphenols, red wine extract, Plateforme de Transfert en Biologie du Cancer (PTBC) Chalmin, Wine, Cancers Lipids, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, lymphocyte T Red wine extract, chemoprevention, Lymphocytes, Emeric, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Dominique, Interleukin-17, Lymphocyte differentiation, Vin rouge, Cell Differentiation, Flavie, Santé humaine, Lipids, colon cancer, Female, Interleukin 17, medicine.symptom, Cancers Limagne, Colorectal Neoplasms, Cancers, Cancers Delmas, Biotechnology, OEnologie, Inflammation, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, Immune system, Cell Line, Tumor, Cancers Courtaut, medicine, Animals, Humans, lymphocytes Th17, Cell Proliferation, Nutrition, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Fanny, Plant Extracts, Interleukins, Polyphenols, HCT116 Cells, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, Tumor progression, STAT protein, Cancer research, Th17 Cells, Cytokine secretion, Virginie, Inflammasome complex, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Scope: Scope: It is well established that immune response and inflammation promote tumoral progression. Immune cells communicate through direct contact or through cytokine secretion, and it is the pro-inflammatory status that will tip the balance toward tumor progression or anti-tumor immunity. It is demonstrated here that a red wine extract (RWE) can decrease inflammation through its action on the inflammasome complex. This study determines whether an RWE could impact other key actors of inflammation, including T helper 17 (Th17) immune cells in particular. Methods and results: Methods and results: Using an RWE containing 4.16 g of polyphenols/liter of wine, it is shown that RWE decreases colorectal cancer cells in vitro and induces a reduction in colorectal tumor growth associated with a decrease in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in vivo. The process of T-lymphocyte differentiation in Th17 cells is altered by RWE, as revealed by the decrease in the expression of key actors controlling this process, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and retinoid acid-related orphan receptor t. This disruption is associated with an inhibition of inflammatory interleukin 17 secretion. Conclusion: The data highlights the major involvement of Th17 immune cells in the biological effects of an RWE.
Published: 2020
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24. 'French Phage Network' Annual Conference—Fifth Meeting Report

Author: Amel Chaïb, Romain Linares, Cécile Breyton, Floriane Laumay, Genomic Research Laboratory [Geneva, Switzerland], Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon] (OENO), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-16-CE11-0027,PerfoBac,Comment les bactériophages perforent-ils la paroi des bactéries ?(2016), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, bacteriophages, media_common.quotation_subject, 030106 microbiology, lcsh:QR1-502, Ecology and Evolution, Library science, Atmosphere (architecture and spatial design), lcsh:Microbiology, Pleasure, 03 medical and health sciences, Phage– Structure and Assembly, Virology, Political science, Humans, Phage Therapy and Biotechnology, Phage Therapy, media_common, ddc:616, Bacteriophages/physiology/ultrastructure, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Phage–Structure and Assembly, Conference Report, Host Interaction, Biological Evolution, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Attracting about 100 participants, the fifth edition of our French Phages.fr annual conference was once more a success. This year's conference took place at the Institute for Structural Biology on the European Electron and Photon Campus in Grenoble, October 8 and 9, 2019. Similar to previous years, our meeting gathered scientists mainly working in France, from academic labs and hospitals as well as from industry. We also had the pleasure of welcoming attendees from different European countries and even beyond. The conference was divided into four sessions: Ecology and Evolution, Phage Therapy and Biotechnology, Structure and Assembly and Phage-Host Interaction, each opened by a keynote lecture. The talks, selected from abstracts, gave the opportunity for young scientists (especially students and post-docs) to present their project and results in a friendly atmosphere. Poster sessions also favoured interactions and discussions between young researchers and more senior scientists. Here, we provide a summary of the topics developed during the conference.
Published: 2020
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25. Using foresight exercise to design adaptation policy to climate change : the case of the French wine industry

Author: Jean-Marc Touzard, Aigrain, P., Brugiere, F., Eric Duchêne, Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, Gautier, J., Hannin, H., Nathalie Ollat, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), France Agrimer, Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Projet LACCAVE, Société Française d'Economie Rurale (SFER). FRA., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD). FRA., Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA). UMR Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement Montpellier (1135)., Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA). UMR Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (1110)., Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA). UMR Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (0951)., Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM). FRA., and Institut National d'Etudes Supérieures Agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro). FRA.
Subjects: Wine Industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sectorial Policy, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Foresight, France, foresight, adaptation to climate change, sectorial policy, france, wine industry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Adaptation To Climate Change, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: Colloque SFER "Politiques agricoles et alimentaires: trajectoires et réformes", Colloque (2018-06-20 - 2018-06-21), , Montpellier, FRA
Published: 2020

26. Comment adapter la viticulture de demain?

Author: Antoine Gautier, Cyril Hévin, Philippe Vivin, Virginie Lauvergeat, Alain Mollier, Sarah Jane Cookson, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Présentation orale, Festival Pint of Science 2018, Manifestation (2018-05-14 - 2018-05-16), Bordeaux, FRA
Published: 2020

27. Stilbenes from grapevine root: a promising natural insecticide against Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Author: Tristan Richard, Alain Decendit, Julien Gabaston, Jean-Michel Mérillon, Pierre Waffo-Teguo, Roman Pavela, Toni El Khawand, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Research Team – Biologically Active Substances in Crop Protection, and Crop Research Institute
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Eisenia fetida, Oenologie, Phytoalexine, solanaceae, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, vitisins, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Botany, Vigne, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Leptinotarsa, Chronic toxicity, vine root extract, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Composé Phénolique, fungi, Colorado potato beetle, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, stilbene, Ampelopsin, 030104 developmental biology, Vitis Vinifera, colorado potato beetle, chemistry, botanical insecticide, PEST analysis, Rootstock, Agronomy and Crop Science, Solanaceae, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Stilbenes are phenolic compounds which are produced in large amounts in vine and are involved in plant defence as phytoalexins. Oligomeric forms have recently proven to be the most active compounds against a wide range of parasites such as fungi, bacteria or algae. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of a grapevine root extract which is a stilbene oligomer pool against Leptinotarsa decemlineata, a major pest of Solanaceae crops. Analysis by UHPLC-DAD-MS of the stilbene-enriched extract obtained from grapevine root (Riparia Gloire de Montpellier rootstock) highlighted twelve stilbenes at 25% (w/w). The major stilbenes found in root extract were isolated such as the tetramers vitisin B, vitisin A and hopeaphenol; the dimers ampelopsin A and E-epsilon-viniferin and the monomer E-resveratrol. The insecticidal effects of this extract as well as the main compounds were investigated against L. decemlineata larvae. The extract caused chronic toxicity, inhibited larval development and, to a lesser extent, inhibited food intake. The high concentrations of vitisin A and vitisin B in grapevine root contributed to this effect as they are the most toxic compounds. Outdoor pot experiments revealed the efficacy of stilbene-enriched extract with high mortality of L. decemlineata and protection of potato plants. The extract also revealed an absence of toxicity against non-targeted organisms such as earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Thus, these results strongly suggest that grapevine roots are a promising source of bioactive stilbenes for the development of natural insecticides.
Published: 2018
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28. J. Sci. Food Agric

Author: Benjamin Bois, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Olivier Mathieu, Luca Brillante, Jean Lévêque, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Work funded by the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne and the Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne (BIVB)., Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of California Davis, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne ( EGFV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB )
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Propriété du sol, Leaf water, Disponibilité hydrique, 01 natural sciences, water stress, Discrimination isotopique du carbone, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Botany, Bourgogne, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vigne, Soil properties, Slop, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Terroir, 2. Zero hunger, Viticulture, Nutrition and Dietetics, terroir, [ SDV.IDA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Ripening, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, carbon isotopic discrimination, Horticulture, Vitis vinifera, Precision viticulture, Soil water, slope, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Composition (visual arts), Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract: Background: The measurement of carbon isotopic discrimination in grape sugars at harvest (δ13 C) is an integrated assessment of water status during ripening. It is an efficient alternative to assess variability in the field and discriminate between management zones in precision viticulture, but further work is needed to completely understand the signal.; Results: This work, spanning over 3 years, performed in a hillslope toposequence in Burgundy, delineates the relationships between main soil properties (gravel amount, slope, texture) and the grapevine water status assessed by δ13 C. The highest δ13 C, indicating most severe water deficit, was recorded in gravelly soils on steep slopes. The amount of sugars and malic and tartaric acids was also related to δ13 C. The relationship between δ13 C and predawn leaf water potentials (Ψpd ) was also investigated, because the absolute values of measured δ13 C were lower than the values currently found in the literature.; Conclusions: A mini-meta-analysis was performed, which showed that the slope of the relationships between minimum Ψpd and δ13 C was stable across studies (a change of 1‰ in δ13 C corresponded to a change of -0.2 MPa in the minimum Ψpd ), while the intercept of the comparison δ13 C/Ψpd changed, probably because of genetic variations between varieties, or environmental differences. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Published: 2017
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29. Impact of post-harvest ozone treatments on the skin phenolic extractability of red winegrapes cv Barbera and Nebbiolo ( Vitis vinifera L.)

Author: Francesco Cravero, Maria Alessandra Paissoni, Vincenzo Gerbi, Fabrizio Torchio, Cristian Carboni, Luca Giorgio Carlo Rolle, Pierre-Louis Teissedre, Vasileios Englezos, Kalliopi Rantsiou, Susana Río Segade, Simone Giacosa, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Istituto di Enologia e Ingegneria Agro-Alimentare, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano] (Unicatt), Industrie De Nora SpA, USC 1366 Oenologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Mycobiota, qualité du vin, Food Handling, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Wine, Anthocyanins, Extractability, Flavanols, Grape post-harvest treatment, Ozone, Berry, extractability, 01 natural sciences, baie de raisin, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Phenols, anthocyanine, Botany, Maceration (wine), Humans, Proanthocyanidins, Vitis, Cultivar, grape post-harvest treatment, Winemaking, Flavonoids, Vanillin, 010401 analytical chemistry, Polyphenols, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, anthocyanins, 040401 food science, 0104 chemical sciences, ozone, Horticulture, Settore AGR/15 - SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE ALIMENTARI, chemistry, Proanthocyanidin, Fruit, Anthocyanin, flavanols, Food Science
Abstract: Recently the use of ozone as sanitizing agent has been proposed on winegrapes in order to control mycobiota after harvest. The aim of this work was to investigate possible indirect physico-chemical effects of ozone treatment on berry skin phenolic composition and extractability. Vitis vinifera L. cv Nebbiolo and Barbera, chosen for their different anthocyanin profiles, were post-harvest treated for 24 and 72 h with gaseous ozone (30 μL/L). Skin anthocyanin and flavanol extractability was assessed during maceration (6, 24, 48, 96, 168 and 240 h) using a wine-like solution. In our experimental conditions, ozone did not affect significantly the final extraction yield of anthocyanins (TA), proanthocyanidins (PRO), and flavanols reactive to vanillin (FRV) in Barbera, although TA and FRV extractabilities were higher in control samples than in ozone-treated samples during the first stages of maceration. In Nebbiolo, the final TA extraction yield was positively influenced by the ozone treatment (68.6, 64.2, and 59.9% for 24 h ozone-treated berries, 72 h ozone-treated berries and control samples, respectively). Final PRO and FRV extractability also increased in both ozone-treated samples compared to the control (+ 8.6–9.1% for PRO and + 7.3–11.7% for FRV). No significant differences were found among treatments for individual anthocyanins in both cultivars at the end of maceration. Therefore, the use of ozone as sanitizing agent in red varieties prior to winemaking process can be considered because it did not negatively affect the extractability of skin anthocyanins and flavanols.
Published: 2017
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30. Quantitative trait loci in pepper control the effective population size of two RNA viruses at inoculation

Author: Elsa Rousseau, Alain Palloix, Frédéric Grognard, Ludovic Mailleret, Sebastien Barraillé, Marion Szadkowski, Benoît Moury, Lucie Tamisier, Frédéric Fabre, Ghislaine Nemouchi, Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), BAP (Biologie et Amélioration des Plantes) department, SMaCH (Sustainable Management of Crop Health) metaprogramme of INRA, Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (PACA), Station de Pathologie Végétale (AVI-PATHO), Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des fruits et légumes (GALF), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de pathologie végétale (UR 407) INRA Avignon, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Capsicum annuum, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Potyvirus, Population, Quantitative trait locus, Cucumovirus, 01 natural sciences, Virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, virus infection, bottlenecks, Potato virus Y, education, Gene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Plant Diseases, Genetics, education.field_of_study, biology, fungi, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Plant Leaves, 030104 developmental biology, quantitative trait loci, Capsicum, effective population size, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: We thank the staff of the INRAE Experimental facilities of the Plant Pathology research unit (IEPV, https://doi.org/10.15454/8DGF-QF70) for their involvement in field experiments; International audience; Infection of plants by viruses is a complex process involving several steps: inoculation into plant cells, replication in inoculated cells and plant colonization. The success of the different steps depends, in part, on the viral effective population size (Ne), defined as the number of individuals passing their genes to the next generation. During infection, the virus population will undergo bottlenecks, leading to drastic reductions in Ne and, potentially, to the loss of the fittest variants. Therefore, it is crucial to better understand how plants affect Ne. We aimed to (i) identify the plant genetic factors controlling Ne during inoculation, (ii) understand the mechanisms used by the plant to control Ne and (iii) compare these genetic factors with the genes controlling plant resistance to viruses. Ne was measured in a doubled-haploid population of Capsicum annuum. Plants were inoculated with either a Potato virus Y (PVY) construct expressing the green fluorescent protein or a necrotic variant of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Newas assessed by counting the number of primary infection foci on cotyledons for PVY or the number of necrotic local lesions on leaves for CMV. The number of foci and lesions was correlated (r=0.57) and showed a high heritability (h2=0.93 for PVY and h2=0.98 for CMV). The Ne of the two viruses was controlled by both common quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and virus-specific QTLs, indicating the contribution of general and specific mechanisms. The PVY-specific QTL colocalizes with a QTL that reduces PVY accumulation and the capacity to break down a major-effect resistance gene.
Published: 2017
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31. Masking of Several Olfactory Notes by Infra-threshold Concentrations of 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole

Author: Sophie Tempere, E. Cuzange, G. de Revel, M.H. Schaaper, Gilles Sicard, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Quali-Bordeaux, Neurobiologie des interactions cellulaires et neurophysiopathologie - NICN (NICN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon] (OENO)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Stimulation, olfactory masking, cork taint, Sensory analysis, sensory analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Perceived quality, dichorhinic stimulation, vitis vinifera, 0302 clinical medicine, analyse sensorielle, Wine, Psychophysical tests, wine profiling, Communication, chromatographie, business.industry, infra-threshold (subliminal) concentrations, Sensory Systems, 030104 developmental biology, oenologie, chemistry, Odor, chromatography, Cork taint, business, Psychology, Biological system, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Introduction Among wine defects, 2,4,6-trichloroanisole has a specific impact on wine perception. In addition to giving to the wine an unpleasant odor, 2,4,6-trichloroanisole has a masking effect on notes. In this study, the specificity and efficacy of the masking effect of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole was tested at infra- and supra-threshold concentrations. A simplified model of a binary mixture was also studied for in-depth analysis of this phenomenon.Methods Techniques used included sensory analysis (odor profiling), psychophysical tests (threshold measurement and triangle test), chemical analyses (GC-MS), and a mono/dichorhinic stimulation paradigm, to test the hypothesis of peripheral interaction.Results The results revealed that TCA had a masking effect on a range of aromatic notes, even at infra-threshold concentrations. However, they also showed counteraction of odorant specificity by 2,4,6-trichloroanisole. The origin of this masking effect was also discussed. The results suggested that this interaction can be assumed to take place at receptor level.Conclusion This study provided experimental confirmation of the widespread idea that constituents in non-perceptible concentrations influence the perceived quality of mixtures of odorous compounds.Implications Moreover, this type of olfactory model may improve our understanding of combinatorial olfactory encoding at the peripheral level.
Published: 2017
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32. Duravitis opens breeding strategies for grapevine facing T° rises

Author: Laurent Torregrosa, Antoine Bigard, Agnes Doligez, David Lecourieux, Markus Rienth, Nathalie Luchaire, Philippe Pieri, Ratthaphon Chatbanyong, Rezth Shahood, Marc Farnos, Catherine Roux, Angelique Adiveze, Jérémy Pillet, Yannick Sire, Emmanuelle Zumstein, Mélanie Veyret, Loic Lecunff, Fatma Lecourieux, Nicolas Saurin, Bertrand Muller, Hernan Ojeda, Cléa Houel, Jean-Pierre Peros, Patrice This, Anne Pellegrino, Charles Romieu, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité expérimentale de Pech-Rouge (PECH ROUGE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Protéomique, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, Vigne, [SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Réchauffement climatique
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2020

33. Understanding and managing wine production from differents terroirs

Author: Van Leeuwen, Cornelis, Roby, Jean Philippe, De Resseguier, Laure, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: Viticulture, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Vin, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Effet Terroir, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

34. A dimeric stilbene extract produced by oxidative coupling of resveratrol active against Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea for vine treatments

Author: El Khawand, Toni, Gabaston, Julien, Taillis, David, Iglesias, Marie-Laure, Pedrot, Eric, Palos Pinto, Antonio, VALLS FONAYET, Josep, Merillon, Jean Michel, Decendit, Alain, CLUZET, Stephanie, Richard, Tristan, Merillon, Jean, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: hemisynthesis, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, food and beverages, stillbene, grey mould, mildew, resveratol
Abstract: International audience; Aim: Stilbenes are a group of polyphenols that contribute to the defense mechanisms of grapevine under stress conditions. The main active compounds are oligomeric stilbenes. The sourcing of such compounds is limited by plant raw material availability. In order to overcome this limitation, we proceeded to hemisynthesis of oligomeric stilbenes from natural resveratrol by oxidative coupling using metals. The reaction mixture and the obtained pure compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity in vitro against P. viticola and B. cinerea, and compared with that of resveratrol and grapevine cane extract. Methods and results: Hemisynthesis was achieved in methanol using silver acetate (AgOAc) as oxidative coupling reagent. Four main compounds were obtained in the reaction mixture: δ-viniferin, parthenostilbenin B, oxistilbenins A and B. Results demonstrate the ability of oxidative coupling reaction to produce potent inhibitors of P. viticola and B. cinerea. The reaction mixture is enriched in antimicrobial compounds with high potency as it is at least eight times more active than grapevine cane extract against P. viticola. In addition, this reaction mixture reveals a high fungitoxicity against B. cinerea in contrast to the grapevine extract. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that metals could be used for producing highly antimicrobial compounds from natural resveratrol. Significance and impact of the study: In this study, a method to produce active dimeric stilbenes to protect grapevine was developed based on botanical ingredients. The combination of natural extracts, rich in resveratrol, and metals such as copper may be used as alternatives to Bordeaux mixture and chemical fungicides to protect crops.
Published: 2020
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35. Identification of the first oomycete mating-type locus sequence in the grapevine downy mildew pathogen, Plasmopara viticola

Author: Tatiana Giraud, Yann Dussert, François Delmotte, Carole Couture, Silvia Laura Toffolatti, Ludovic Legrand, Isabelle D. Mazet, Pere Mestre, Olivier Bouchez, Remy-Felix Serre, Marie-Christine Piron, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique ( GeT-PlaGe), Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Mating type, Sex Differentiation, Locus (genetics), Outcrossing, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Vitis, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Allele, Gene, reproductive and urinary physiology, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Oomycete, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, biology, Reproduction, fungi, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, Oomycetes, Plasmopara viticola, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Downy mildew, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Genome, Protozoan, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study, Transcription Factors
Abstract: International audience; Mating types are self-incompatibility systems that promote outcrossing in plants, fungi, and oomycetes. Mating-type genes have been widely studied in plants and fungi but have yet to be identified in oomycetes, eukaryotic organisms closely related to brown algae that cause many destructive animal and plant diseases. We identified the mating-type locus of Plasmopara viticola, the oomycete responsible for grapevine downy mildew, one of the most damaging grapevine diseases worldwide. Using a genome-wide association approach, we identified a 570-kb repeat-rich non-recombining region controlling mating types, with two highly divergent alleles. We showed that one mating type was homozygous, whereas the other was heterozygous at this locus. The mating-type locus encompassed 40 genes, including one encoding a putative hormone receptor. Functional studies will, however, be required to validate the function of these genes and find the actual determinants of mating type. Our findings have fundamental implications for our understanding of the evolution of mating types, as they reveal a unique determinism involving an asymmetry of heterozygosity, as in sex chromosomes and unlike other mating-type systems. This identification of the mating-type locus in such an economically important crop pathogen also has applied implications, as outcrossing facilitates rapid evolution and resistance to harsh environmental conditions.
Published: 2020
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36. Correlation between water activity (aw) and microbial epiphytic communities associated with grapes berries

Author: Guilherme Martins, Cosimo Casini, Laurence Geny, Jean-Pierre da Costa, Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarède, Aline Lonvaud, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Turin, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Unité associée faculté d'oenologie université de bordeaux ii/inra, and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Grape berries, Water activity, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, microbial communities, Berry, Horticulture, Biology, metabolic activity, lcsh:Agriculture, 03 medical and health sciences, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, lcsh:Botany, water activity, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Winemaking, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), fungi, lcsh:S, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, lcsh:QK1-989, Grappe de raisin, Bilan hydrique, Microbial population biology, Epiphyte, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Food Science
Abstract: Grape berries host a complex microbial community that plays a predominant role in grape quality prior to harvest and in the winemaking process. Like other carpospheric habitats, the epiphytic microbial community of grape berries is influenced by several factors. Climate plays an essential role in grape composition and quality, and its impact on berry microbiota was recently demonstrated. However, there is still a lack of information about how environmental conditions influence the system in grape berries.In this study, the microbial communities of grape berries from two wine appellations characterized by specific climatological conditions were analyzed. The results revealed that the size of cultivable communities (bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi) and the diversity and richness of the microbial community profiles were higher in vineyards found to have lower temperatures. The metabolic activity (Community-Level Physiological Profiles) of the epiphytic microbial community was lower in warm climates. Water activity (aw) had a positive effect on the cultivable population, on metabolic activity, and on microbial diversity.The results showed that the microclimate affects the microbial population associated with grape berries through the aw of grape skins.
Published: 2020
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37. Transcriptomic and proteomic data in developing tomato fruit

Author: Mélisande Blein-Nicolas, Yves Gibon, Thierry Balliau, Emeline Teyssier, Björn Usadel, Sophie Colombié, Olivier Bouchez, Philippe Gallusci, Camille Bénard, Alisandra K. Denton, Michel Zivy, Isma Belouah, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, BioEcon Sci Ctr, Inst Bot & Mol Genet, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique ( GeT-PlaGe), Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Colombie, Sophie
Subjects: Proteomics, Protein turnover, Absolute quantification, Pericarp, Time-series, Tomato fruit development, Transcriptomics, Computational biology, Biology, Tandem mass spectrometry, Genome, Transcriptome, physiologie végétale, 03 medical and health sciences, plante fruitière, 0302 clinical medicine, développement de la plante, ddc:570, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Vegetal Biology, Multidisciplinary, Accession number (library science), food and beverages, Replicate, développement du fruit, Proteome, RNA extraction, Biologie végétale, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: UMR 1332 - Equipe Métabolisme; International audience; Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed on three replicates of tomato fruit pericarp samples collected at nine developmental stages, each replicate resulting from the pooling of at least 15 fruits. For transcriptome analysis, Illumina-sequenced libraries were mapped on the tomato genome with the aim to obtain absolute quantification of mRNA abundance. To achieve this, spikes were added at the beginning of the RNA extraction procedure. From 34,725 possible transcripts identified in the tomato, 22,877 were quantified in at least one of the nine developmental stages. For the proteome analysis, label-free liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used. Peptide ions, and subsequently the proteins from which they were derived, were quantified by integrating the signal intensities obtained from extracted ion currents (XIC) with the MassChroQ software. Absolute concentrations of individual proteins were estimated for 2375 proteins by using a mixed effects model from log10-transformed intensities and normalized to the total protein content. Transcriptomics data are available via GEO repository with accession number GSE128739. The raw MS output files and identification data were deposited on-line using the PROTICdb database (http://moulon.inra.fr/protic/tomato_fruit_development) and MS proteomics data have also been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with the dataset identifier PXD012877. The main added value of these quantitative datasets is their use in a mathematical model to estimate protein turnover in developing tomato fruit.
Published: 2020
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38. Decitrait® : un OAD pour la protection de la vigne

Author: Davy, A., Raynal, M., Vergnes, M., Debord, C., Codis, S., Naud, O., Laurent Deliere, Marc FERMAUD, Jean Roudet, Raphaël Metral, Yvan Bouisson, Ludivine Davidou, Guilbault, P., Dupin, S., Genevet, B., Mahieux, V., Baron, M., Perot, S., Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Chambre d'Agriculture de la Gironde (CA 33), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Chambre d'Agriculture du Gard (CA 30), Établissement Public Local d’Enseignement et de Formation Professionnelle Agricole (EPLEFPA), Ce travail a été soutenu financièrement par le ministère de l’Agriculture dans le cadre d’un Appel à Projet CASDAR RT., Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and Association Française de Protection des Plantes (AFPP). FRA.
Subjects: botrytis, downy mildew, mildiou, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, powdery mildew, grey mould, OAD, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, oïdium, DSS
Abstract: International audience; The dual performance, both economic and environmental, is a major challenge for the wine industry, which remains highly dependent on the use of pesticides. Fungicide control alone accounts for 80% of inputs in France. A DSS (DeciTrait®) gathering all the information necessary for the implementation of a low pesticides protection against the main fungal diseases (downy mildew - powdery mildew - black-rot - grey mould) was conceived in a collaborative approach within a CASDAR project. This DSS is easy to use and offers the user a protection strategy at the plot level based on the information and knowledge collected. The bioassays carried out within the CASDAR project clearly demonstrate the potential for reduction of phytosanitary inputs allowed by this DSS, for reducing both the number of treatments and the dose applied.; La double performance, économique et environnementale, constitue un enjeu majeur pour la filière viticole qui demeure très dépendante de l’utilisation des pesticides. A elle seule, la lutte fongicide représente 80% des intrants. Un OAD (DeciTrait®) regroupant l’ensemble des informations nécessaires à la mise en œuvre d’une protection économe en intrants vis-à-vis des principales maladies cryptogamiques (mildiou - oïdium - black-rot - botrytis) a été conçu dans une démarche collaborative ausein d’un projet CASDAR. Cet OAD est simple à utiliser et propose à l’utilisateur une stratégie de protection personnalisée sur la base des informations et connaissances recueillies. Les essais biologiques conduits au sein du projet CASDAR mettent clairement en évidence le potentiel deréduction des intrants phytosanitaires permis par cet OAD, tant sur la réduction du nombre de traitements que sur la dose appliquée.
Published: 2020
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39. Major changes in grapevine wood microbiota are associated with the onset of esca, a devastating trunk disease

Author: Patrice Rey, Emilie Bruez, Angélique Gautier, Wolfgang Maurer, Jessica Vallance, Marc-Henri Lebrun, Stéphane Compant, Angela Sessitsch, Valerie Laval, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Austrian Institute of Technology [Vienna] (AIT)
Subjects: Maladie de la vigne, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Range (biology), Esca, Disease, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Colonization, Vitis, Vigne, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Plant Diseases, 0303 health sciences, biology, Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, biology.plant_disease_cause, Microbiota, Fungi, biology.organism_classification, Sphingomonas, Wood, Vitis vinifera, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Seasons, Plant Structures, Mycobacterium
Abstract: International audience; Esca, a major grapevine trunk disease in old grapevines, is associated with the colonization of woody tissues by a broad range of plant pathogenic fungi. To identify which fungal and bacterial species are involved in the onset of this disease, we analysed the microbiota from woody tissues of young (10-year-old) grapevines at an early stage of esca. Using meta-barcoding, 515 fungal and 403 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in woody tissues.In situhybridization showed that these fungi and bacteria co-inhabited in grapevine woody tissues. In non-necrotic woody tissues, fungal and bacterial microbiota varied according to organs and seasons but not diseased plant status.Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, involved in the Grapevine trunk disease, was the most abundant species in non-necrotic tissues from healthy plants, suggesting a possible non-pathogenic endophytic behaviour. Most diseased plants (70%) displayed cordons, with their central white-rot necrosis colonized essentially by two plant pathogenic fungi (Fomitiporia mediterranea: 60%-90% andP. chlamydospora: 5%-15%) and by a few bacterial taxa (Sphingomonasspp. andMycobacteriumspp.). The occurrence of a specific association of fungal and bacterial species in cordons from young grapevines expressing esca-foliar symptoms strongly suggests that that microbiota is involved in the onset of this complex disease.
Published: 2020
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40. Temperature variability at local scale in the Bordeaux area. Relations with environmental factors and impact on vine phenology

Author: Laure de Resseguier, Séverine Mary, Renan Le Roux, Théo Petitjean, Hervé Quénol, Van Leeuwen Cornelis, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro [Gradignan], Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
Subjects: terroir, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Plant Science, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, lcsh:Plant culture, viticulture, phenology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, spatial modeling, vine development, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:SB1-1110, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, climate, local scale, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Original Research
Abstract: Climate is a major factor of the physical environment influencing terroir expression in viticulture. Thermal conditions strongly impact vine development and grape composition. Spatializing this parameter at local scale allows for more refined vineyard management. In this study, temperature variability was investigated over an area of 19,233 ha within the appellations of Saint-emilion, Pomerol, and their satellites (Bordeaux, France). A network of 90 temperature sensors was deployed inside grapevine canopies of this area and temperatures were measured from 2012 through 2018. To determine the effect of temperature on vine development, the phenological stages (budbreak, flowering, and veraison) were recorded on 60 reference plots planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot located near the temperature sensors. Results showed great spatial variability in temperature, especially minimum temperature, with an amplitude of up to 10 degrees C on a given day. The spatial variability of the Winkler index measured in the canopy inside a given vintage was around 320 degree-days. This research explores the main factors affecting spatial variability in temperature, such as environmental factors and meteorological conditions. The impact of temperature on vine behavior was also analyzed. Observed phenological dates were compared to those estimated using the Grapevine Flowering Veraison model. Maps of temperatures and phenological observations were created over this area and provided a useful tool for improved adaptation of plant material and training systems to local temperature variability and change.
Published: 2020
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41. Le millésime 2019 à Bordeaux

Author: Geny-Denis, Laurence, Marchal, Axel, LAVIGNE CRUEGE, Valerie, Guittard, Elodie, DANEDE, N., BARSACQ, A., Riquier, Laurent, Rabot, Amelie, Pieri, Philippe, Admin, Oskar, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Article de revue professionnelle
Published: 2020

42. La diversité des cépages est une puissante ressource d’adaptation au changement climatique

Author: DESTRAC, AgnÃ¨s, GOWDY, Mark, SUTER, Bruno, GOUPIL, Willy, THIBON, Cécile, OLLAT, Nathalie, DARRIET, Philippe, PARKER, Amber, VAN LEEUWEN, Kees, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Admin, Oskar
Subjects: [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Published: 2020

43. Identification and analysis of new α- and β-hydroxy ketones related to the formation of 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione in musts and red wines

Author: Yannick Landais, Ana Peterson, Alexandre Pons, Philippe Darriet, Laurence Geny, Céline Cholet, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Premature aging, Time Factors, Dried fruit, Wine, Diacetyl, Ethanol fermentation, 01 natural sciences, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Limit of Detection, Alkanes, Oxidation, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Aroma precursor, Humans, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Food science, 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione, Solid Phase Microextraction, Aroma, Ethanol, biology, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Aging of wine, food and beverages, Stereoisomerism, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Ketones, Hydroxy ketones, biology.organism_classification, 040401 food science, 0104 chemical sciences, Fruit and Vegetable Juices, Significant positive correlation, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; The formation of 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione (MND) during red wine aging can contribute to the premature evolution of aroma, characterized by the loss of fresh fruit and development of dried fruit flavors. The identification of two new hydroxy ketones, 2-hydroxy-3-methylnonan-4-one (syn- and anti-ketol diastereoisomers) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione (HMND), prompted the investigation of the precursors and pathways through which MND is produced and evolves. An HS-SPME-GC-MS method was optimized for their quantitation in numerous must and wine samples, providing insight into the evolution of MND, HMND, and ketols through alcoholic fermentation and wine aging. Alcoholic fermentation resulted in a significant decrease in MND and HMND and the simultaneous appearance of ketol diastereoisomers. The analysis of 167 dry red wines revealed significant increases in MND and anti-ketol contents through aging and a significant positive correlation between MND and anti-ketols. Additional experiments demonstrated that ketols are precursors to MND during red wine oxidation.
Published: 2020
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44. Nuevos datos sobre las funcionalidades de los taninos enológicos. Principales resultados del grupo de trabajo de la OIV

Author: Vignault, Adeline, Pascual, Olga, Gombau, Jordi, Jourdes, Michael, Moine, Virginie, Fermaud, Marc, Roudet, Jean, Canals, Joan Miquel, Teissedre, Pierre Louis, Zamora, Fernando, Admin, Oskar, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

45. Cellar temperature affects brettanomyces bruxellensis population and volatile phenols production in aging Bordeaux wines

Author: Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarède, Alice Cibrario, Cécile Miot Sertier, Laurent Riquier, Gilles de Revel, Patricia Ballestra, Marguerite Dols-Lafargue, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Wine, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Aging of wine, Food spoilage, Population, Volatile phenols, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Brettanomyces bruxellensis, food and beverages, Horticulture, Yeast strain, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, 03 medical and health sciences, Food science, education, 030304 developmental biology, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Brettanomyces bruxellensis is a spoilage yeast particularly dreaded in red wines, where it produces volatile phenols with sensory properties that lead to wine spoilage. The development of this yeast often occurs during wine aging, especially during the summer. We show that in the Bordeaux region, the temperatures of some cellars rise significantly in July, August, and September. This greatly increases the growth rate of B. bruxellensis strains in both permissive and more unfavorable wines. Therefore, although temperature does not affect the specific formation rate of ethyl phenol, raising the wine temperature from 2 to 6 degrees C makes volatile phenols appear both earlier and faster, regardless of the wine or the yeast strain present. Closer control of active yeast populations and closer monitoring of aging wines is thus essential in the summer, particularly in cellars with poor temperature regulation.
Published: 2020
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46. Development and validation of an LC-FTMS method for quantifying natural sweeteners in wine

Author: Syntia Fayad, Blandine N. Cretin, Axel Marchal, Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Flavonols, Method validation, epi-DPA-G, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Wine, 01 natural sciences, Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Glucosides, Limit of Detection, Vitis, Astilbin, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chromatography, Sweetness of wine, 010401 analytical chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Sweet taste, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Repeatability, Sweetness, 040401 food science, Orbitrap, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Sweetening Agents, Taste, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; The quality of a wine largely depends on the balance between its sourness, bitterness and sweetness. Recently, epi-dihydrophaseic acid 3'-O-beta glucopyranoside (epi-DPA-G) and astilbin, two molecules obtained from grapes, have been shown to contribute notably to the sweet taste of dry wines. To study the parameters likely to affect their concentration, a new method was developed and optimized by LC-FTMS. Three gradients and five C18 columns were tested. Good results in terms of linearity (r(2) > 0.9980), repeatability (RSD = 89%) and LOQ (
Published: 2020
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47. Contrasting soil microbial profiles in healthy and declined vineyards

Author: Darriaut, Romain, WASTIN, J., Martins, Guilherme Eduardo, Ballestra, Patricia, Dewasme, Coralie, MARY, Severine, Darrieutort, Guillaume, MARGUERIT-JACOB, Elisa, Vivin, Philippe, Ollat, Nathalie, MASNEUF POMAREDE, Isabelle, COMPANT, Stephane, Lauvergeat, Virginie, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Subjects: [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

48. PhytoCOTE Project - Prospective scenarios for the evolution of wine-growing systems in the context of the agroecological transition

Author: Macary, Francis, Aouadi, N., Alonso Ugaglia, A., Deliere, L., Roby, J.P., Environnement, territoires et infrastructures (UR ETBX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and Irstea Publications, Migration
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, METHODE ELECTRE TRI-C, PHYTOCOTE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, PERFORMANCE ENVIRONNEMENTALE, PERFORMANCE SOCIO-ECONOMIQUE
Abstract: The agronomic axis of the PhytoCOTE project had a primary objective of evaluating the phytosanitary pressure in the field and the risks of pesticide transfers to surface waters. But also a second objective to assess the performance of existing wine systems and propose scenarios for changing production methods and practices to reduce the use of pesticides. To do this, around forty wine-growing systems on farms belonging to different driving modes were investigated. These systems were evaluated using a multi-criteria decision support analysis method belonging to the ELECTRE methods: Electre Tri-C. Six evaluation criteria were selected on the one hand for socio-economic performance (economic profitability, workload, complexity of the wine system); on the other hand for environmental performance (phytosanitary pressure, ecotoxicity of pesticides, agro-ecological practices, level of product drift) Three scenarios for changing practices have been constructed by integrating the good practices identified in the field: a conventional reasoned scenario optimized (Reasoned-Max scenarios); two scenarios in an agro-ecological approach: Agroecology-Bio (without synthetic products) and Agroecology-conv (with optimized use of synthetic products). Electre Tri-C made it possible to affect each wine-growing system and the 3 scenarios in one of the four predefined performance categories. There is a superiority of the socio-eco-environmental performance of agroecological scenarios and biological systems. This is mainly due to a higher level of production valuation in these systems and a lower level of phytosanitary pressure with practices more favorable to strengthening biodiversity., L' axe agronomique du projet PhytoCOTE avait un premier objectif d'évaluation de la pression phytosanitaire sur le terrain et des risques de transferts des pesticides vers les eaux de surface. Mais également un second objectif d'évaluer les performances des systèmes viticoles existants et proposer des scénarios de changement de modes de production et pratiques pour réduire le recours aux pesticides. Pour ce faire, une quarantaine de systèmes viticoles au sein des exploitations agricoles appartenant à différents modes de conduite ont été enquêtés. Ces systèmes ont été évalués en utilisant une méthode d'analyse multicritère d'aide à la décision appartenant aux méthodes ELECTRE : Electre Tri-C. Six critères d'évaluation ont été retenus d'une part pour les performances socio-économiques (rentabilité économique, charge de travail, complexité du système viticole) ; d'autre part pour les performances environnementales (pression phytosanitaire, écotoxicité des pesticides, pratiques agro-écologiques, niveau de la dérive des produits). Trois scénarios de changement de pratiques ont été construits en intégrant les bonnes pratiques identifiées sur le terrain : un scénario conventionnel raisonné optimisé (scénarios Raisonné-Max) ; deux scénarios en démarche agro-écologique : Agroécologie-Bio (sans produits de synthèse) et Agroécologie-conv (avec usage optimisé de produits de synthèse). Electre Tri-C a permis d'affecter chaque système viticole ainsi que les 3 scénarios dans une des quatre catégories de performance prédéfinies. On note une supériorité de la performance socio-éco-environnementale des scénarios agroécologiques et des systèmes biologiques. Cela tient principalement à un niveau de valorisation de la production plus élevé dans ces systèmes et un niveau de pression phytosanitaire plus faible avec des pratiques plus favorables au renforcement de la biodiversité.
Published: 2019

49. Involvement of MAP kinase SIMK and actin cytoskeleton in the regulation of root hair tip growth

Author: Miroslav Ovecka, František Baluška, Jozef Šamaj, Fatma Lecourieux, Irene Lichtscheidl, Jan Salaj, Heribert Hirt, László Bögre, Dieter Volkmann, Péter Lénárt, Irute Meskiene, Andrej Hlavacka, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Unité de recherche en génomique végétale (URGV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cytoplasm, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Meristem, Arp2/3 complex, Root hair tip growth, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, RNA, Messenger, Enzyme Inhibitors, Transport Vesicles, Cytoskeleton, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Plant Proteins, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Nucleus, 0303 health sciences, biology, Chemistry, Cell Polarity, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Actin cytoskeleton, Actins, Cell Compartmentation, Cell biology, Actin Cytoskeleton, Protein Transport, Mitogen-activated protein kinase, biology.protein, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Medicago sativa, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019
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50. Oenological tannins to prevent Botrytis cinerea damage in grapes and musts: Kinetics and electrophoresis characterization of laccase

Author: Adeline Vignault, Joan Miquel Canals, Michael Jourdes, Fernando Zamora, Pierre-Louis Teissedre, Jean Roudet, Virginie Moine, Marc Fermaud, Jordi Gombau, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laffort [Floirac], Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, laccases, musts, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Ellagitannin, oenological tannins, botrytis bunch rot, Tannin, Vitis, Food science, Gallotannin, grapes, Botrytis cinerea, Oenology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Laccase, biology, kinetics parameters, 010401 analytical chemistry, Substrate (chemistry), General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Ascorbic acid, 0104 chemical sciences, Kinetics, chemistry, electrophoresis, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Botrytis, Tannins, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Enzymatic parameters (KM and Vmax), residual activity, effect of bentonite and electrophoresis characterization of laccase in the presence of different oenological tannins (OT) were investigated in relation to B. cinerea negative effects in grapes and musts. Five OT were tested (gallotannin, ellagitannin, quebracho, grape-skin and grape-seed) in comparison with ascorbic acid (AA), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and bentonite. We added OT, AA, SO2 and bentonite to botrytized must obtained by inoculation of grapes with B. cinerea strain 213. Laccase activity was measured by the syringaldazine method at different concentrations of substrate. Enzymatic parameters were determined using Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots. The B. cinerea strain was also grown in a liquid medium for laccase production. Molecular weight of laccases and effect of OT upon these laccases were studied by SDS-PAGE. Results confirm that bentonite, contrary to OT, did not permit to reduce laccase activity. Regardless the tannin considered, Vmax, KM and laccase activity were reduced and gallotannin, grape-skin and grape-seed tannin presented the greatest ability. Efficiency of grape-seed tannin addition in order to reduce the laccase activity, was comparable to that of AA or SO2 at the typical doses employed in oenology for each one. Oenological tannins appear to be excellent processing aids to prevent laccase effects and contribute to reduce the use of SO2 in grapes and musts.
Published: 2019
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