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3 results on '"Institut fûr Mineralogie"'

1. Sulfate-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane at a highly dynamic bubbling site in the Eastern Sea of Marmara (Çinarcik Basin)

Author

Germain Bayon, Nicolas Chevalier, Emmanuel Ponzevera, Barbara M.A. Teichert, Harald Strauss, Nikolaus Gussone, Livio Ruffine, Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Cycles biogéochimiques marins : processus et perturbations (CYBIOM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut fûr Mineralogie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), MARSITECruise expedition, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Sea of Marmara, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Cinarcik Basin, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Methane, Isotopes of oxygen, chemistry.chemical_compound, 14. Life underwater, Sulfate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aragonite, Çinarcik Basin, Lipid biomarker, Authigenic, Cold seep, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Anaerobic oxidation of methane, engineering, Sulfate reduction, Carbonate, Authigenic carbonate, Geology
Abstract

During the MARSITECruise expedition in November 2014 on board the RV Pourquoi Pas?, multidisciplinary sampling was carried out with the ROV Victor 6000 in order to investigate biogeochemical processes taking place at cold seep environments in the Sea of Marmara. Pore water, bottom water, sediment and authigenic carbonate samples were collected from two short push cores (MRS-DV5-PC04 − 8 cm, MRS-DV5-PC01 − 12.5 cm) at an active methane bubbling site in the southeastern part of the Cinarcik Basin. Sulfate sulfur and oxygen isotope data as well as sulfide isotope data indicate that sulfate-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane is the dominant process in the sediments. This is confirmed by archaeal lipids diagnostic for anaerobic methane oxidizers detected with strong 13C-depletions. The available data even allows to distinguish the dominant AOM assemblages. Specific lipid patterns are consistent with a dominance of ANME-2 archaea within the microbial community. Abundant authigenic carbonates (mostly aragonite), found at all depths, show a narrow range in δ13C values between −27.69‰ and −33.40‰. The carbon isotopic composition of the dissolved inorganic carbon as well as strontium and calcium isotopes confirm that the current reaction zone (sulfate-methane transition zone) starts at the bottom of the core. All shallower carbonates are witnesses of paleo seepage activity. U-Th dating of four pure aragonite samples show the short time span that is preserved in core MRS-DV5-PC01 (235 ± 60 yr B.P.). Two major earthquakes of 1766 CE and 1754 CE in the Cinarcik Basin might potentially have triggered the increased seepage of methane at this location.

Published
2018
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2. Fe-N system at high pressure reveals a compound featuring polymeric nitrogen chains

Author

Vitali B. Prakapenka, A. V. Ponomareva, Elena Bykova, Igor A. Abrikosov, Georgios Aprilis, Egor Koemets, Ilya Kupenko, Ferenc Tasnádi, Mohamed Mezouar, Natalia Dubrovinskaia, Irina Chuvashova, Catherine McCammon, Leonid Dubrovinsky, Konstantin Glazyrin, Hanns-Peter Liermann, Maxim Bykov, Bayerisches Geoinstitut (BGI), Universität Bayreuth, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), University of Bayreuth, Institut fûr Mineralogie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Center for Advanced Radiation Sources [University of Chicago] (CARS), University of Chicago, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology [Linköping] (IFM), Linköping University (LIU), and National University of Science and Technology (MISIS)

Subjects
Solid-state chemistry, Materials science, PREDICTION, Science, Inorganic chemistry, Materialkemi, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, Nitride, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, High nitrogen, POLYNITRIDES, Materials Chemistry, STRUCTURE REFINEMENT, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, lcsh:Science, PLATINUM, [PHYS]Physics [physics], PERNITRIDE, Multidisciplinary, PENTAZOLATE, TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS, IRON, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nitrogen, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, High pressure, Energy density, lcsh:Q, ddc:500, NITRIDES, 0210 nano-technology, Platinum
Abstract

Nature Communications 9(1), 2756 (2018). doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05143-2, Poly-nitrogen compounds have been considered as potential high energy density materialsfor a long time due to the large number of energetic N–NorN=N bonds. In most cases highnitrogen content and stability at ambient conditions are mutually exclusive, thereby makingthe synthesis of such materials challenging. One way to stabilize such compounds is theapplication of high pressure. Here, through a direct reaction between Fe and $N_2$ in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell, we synthesize three ironnitrogen compounds $Fe_3N_2$, $FeN_2$ and $FeN_4$. Their crystal structures are revealed by single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction. $Fe_3N_2$, synthesized at 50 GPa, is isostructural to chromium carbide $Cr_3C_2$. $FeN_2$ has a mar-casite structure type and features covalently bonded dinitrogen units in its crystal structure. $FeN_4$, synthesized at 106 GPa, features polymeric nitrogen chains of [$N_4$$^{2−}]_n$ units. Based onresults of structural studies and theoretical analysis, [$N_4$$^{2−}]_n$ units in this compound revealcatena-poly[tetraz-1-ene-1,4-diyl] anions., Published by Nature Publishing Group, London

Published
2018
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3. Mineral replacement rate of olivine by chrysotile and brucite under high alkaline conditions

Author

Rodica Chiriac, François Toche, Romain Lafay, German Montes-Hernandez, Nathaniel Findling, Emilie Janots, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut fûr Mineralogie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Institute of Geological Sciences [Bern], University of Bern, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, Chrysotile, Materials Chemistry, TG analyses, Porosity, Dissolution, Alkaline medium, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chrysotile nanotubes, Olivine, Mineral, Brucite, Chemistry, Serpentinization, Mineral replacement rate, Condensed Matter Physics, Grain size, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, engineering, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

International audience; Olivine mineral replacement by serpentine is one major alteration reaction of oceanic hydrothermalism. In the present experimental study, olivine grains were replaced by chrysotile and brucite under high alkaline conditions. In our study, olivine replacement implied a spatial and temporal coupling of dissolution and precipitation reactions at the interface between olivine and chrysotile-brucite minerals. Coupled dissolution-precipitation led to the alteration of starting olivine grains (so-called primary or parent mineral) to a porous mineral assemblage of chrysotile and brucite with preservation of the initial olivine morphology. This mineral replacement reaction of olivine (serpentinization) has been characterized using XRD, FESEM and FTIR measurements. Moreover, a simple and novel method is here proposed to quantify the mineral replacement rate (or serpentinization rate) of olivine by using thermogravimetric (TG) and differential TG (DTG) analyses. Serpentinization extent depends on the grain size: it is complete after 30 days of reaction for the smallest olivine grains (

Published
2012
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