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1. A meta-analysis of 1,119 manipulative experiments on terrestrial carbon-cycling responses to global change

Author

Mengmei Zheng, Jiquan Chen, Yiqi Luo, Mark J. Hovenden, Chuang Yan, Kesheng Zhang, Pengshuai Shao, Mingxing Zhong, Pamela H. Templer, Guoyong Li, Fanglong Su, Shilong Piao, Simone Fatichi, Hu Mengjun, Lindsey E. Rustad, Zhongling Yang, Jingyi Ru, Jianwu Tang, Claus Beier, Jakob Zscheischler, Jian Song, Hongyan Han, Yan Hui, Yinzhan Liu, Philippe Ciais, Sara Vicca, Jiali Wang, Sebastian Leuzinger, Jeffrey S. Dukes, Fan Yang, Melinda D. Smith, Gaigai Ma, Aimée T. Classen, Qiang Liu, Kirsten S. Hofmockel, Richard J. Norby, Xiaoming Li, Bin Liu, Alan K. Knapp, Yanchun Liu, J. Adam Langley, Dali Guo, Shuli Niu, Shiqiang Wan, Ying-Ping Wang, Lingjie Lei, Paul Kardol, Lingli Liu, Yuan Miao, Xiaona Li, R. Quinn Thomas, Zhenxing Zhou, Ang Zhang, Ying Li, Qian Zhang, Dandan Wang, Richard P. Phillips, Lara M. Kueppers, Jianyang Xia, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco), Henan University, Kaifeng (HENU), Henan University, Kaifeng, Peking University [Beijing], Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, University of Antwerp (UA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand (AENZ), Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma (OU), Center of Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, CGCEO/Geography, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research [Aspendale], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, University of Delaware [Newark], Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SRI International [Menlo Park] (SRI), Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University [Shanghai], Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Henan University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, China, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Carbon Cycle, Carbon cycle, 11. Sustainability, Temperate climate, Ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, skin and connective tissue diseases, Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Biosphere, Primary production, Global change, 15. Life on land, Carbon, Europe, Chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, sense organs, Ecosystem ecology
Abstract

Direct quantification of terrestrial biosphere responses to global change is crucial for projections of future climate change in Earth system models. Here, we synthesized ecosystem carbon-cycling data from 1,119 experiments performed over the past four decades concerning changes in temperature, precipitation, CO2 and nitrogen across major terrestrial vegetation types of the world. Most experiments manipulated single rather than multiple global change drivers in temperate ecosystems of the USA, Europe and China. The magnitudes of warming and elevated CO2 treatments were consistent with the ranges of future projections, whereas those of precipitation changes and nitrogen inputs often exceeded the projected ranges. Increases in global change drivers consistently accelerated, but decreased precipitation slowed down carbon-cycle processes. Nonlinear (including synergistic and antagonistic) effects among global change drivers were rare. Belowground carbon allocation responded negatively to increased precipitation and nitrogen addition and positively to decreased precipitation and elevated CO2. The sensitivities of carbon variables to multiple global change drivers depended on the background climate and ecosystem condition, suggesting that Earth system models should be evaluated using site-specific conditions for best uses of this large dataset. Together, this synthesis underscores an urgent need to explore the interactions among multiple global change drivers in under-represented regions such as semi-arid ecosystems, forests in the tropics and subtropics, and Arctic tundra when forecasting future terrestrial carbon-climate feedback. National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [31430015, 31830012]; US NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0955771]; ClimMani COST actionEuropean Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) [ES1308] We thank J. Wang (Hebei University), S. Yang (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences), L. Zhou (East China Normal University), C. Qiao (Xinyang Normal University) and H. Li (Henan University) for their help in meta-analyses and interaction analyses, and H. Li, Y. Liu (Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences) and Y. He (Peking University) for their help in plotting figures. This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 31430015 and 31830012). This study emerged from the INTERFACE Workshop in Beijing, China (https://www.bio.purdue.edu/INTERFACE/) supported by the US NSF DEB-0955771. We also acknowledge support from the ClimMani COST action (ES1308). Public domain – authored by a U.S. government employee

Published
2019
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2. Stomach contents of long-finned pilot whales, Globicephala melas mass-stranded in Tasmania

Author

Rie Hagihara, Yves Cherel, Susan Robinson, Rosemary Gales, Emma L. Betty, Isabel Beasley, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University (JCU), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Invasive Species Branch, Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology (AUT), College of Science and Engineering [Australia], Department of Primary Industries and Water, Biodiversity Conservation Branch, Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand (AENZ)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Topography, Predation, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, Social Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pilot whale, Food chain, Oceans, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Foraging, Islands, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Animal Behavior, Stomach, Eukaryota, Malacology, Carnivory, Gastrointestinal Contents, Trophic Interactions, Whales, Pilot, Community Ecology, Ancistrocheirus lesueurii, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Medicine, Female, Anatomy, Research Article, Cephalopods, Conservation of Natural Resources, Food Chain, Science, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Tasmania, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Landforms, Behavior, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Geomorphology, Molluscs, Bodies of Water, biology.organism_classification, Globicephala melas, Invertebrates, Cephalopod, Gastrointestinal Tract, Cephalopoda, Ommastrephidae, Earth Sciences, Digestive System
Abstract

International audience; New data are reported from analyses of stomach contents from 114 long-finned pilot whalesmass-stranded at four locations around Tasmania, Australia from 1992–2006. Identifiableprey remains were recovered from 84 (74%) individuals, with 30 (26%) individuals (17females and 13 males) having empty stomachs. Prey remains comprised 966 identifiablelower beaks and 1244 upper beaks, belonging to 17 families (26 species) of cephalopods.Ommastrephidae spp. were the most important cephalopod prey accounting for 16.9% bynumber and 45.6% by reconstructed mass. Lycoteuthis lorigera was the next most important,followed by Ancistrocheirus lesueurii. Multivariate statistics identified significant differencesin diet among the four stranding locations. Long-finned pilot whales foraging offSouthern Australia appear to be targeting a diverse assemblage of prey (�10 species dominatedby cephalopods). This is compared to other similar studies from New Zealand andsome locations in the Northern Hemisphere, where the diet has been reported to be primarilyrestricted to �3 species dominated by cephalopods. This study emphasises the importanceof cephalopods as primary prey for Southern long-finned pilot whales and othermarine vertebrates, and has increased our understanding of long-finned pilot whale diet inSouthern Ocean waters.

Published
2019
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3. High cadmium and mercury concentrations in the tissues of the orange-back flying squid, Sthenoteuthis pteropus, from the tropical Eastern Atlantic

Author

Carine Churlaud, Jamileh Javidpour, Henk-Jan T. Hoving, Jennifer L. Pannell, Veronique Merten, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, Alexandra Lischka, Paco Bustamante, Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand (AENZ), Auckland University of Technology (AUT), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Yellowfin tuna, Food Chain, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Zoology, 010501 environmental sciences, cephalopods, 01 natural sciences, Arsenic, Cape verde, contamination, Metals, Heavy, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Atlantic Ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, biology, Chemistry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Swordfish, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Decapodiformes, trace element, Pelagic zone, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Pteropus, Pollution, Gastrointestinal Tract, bioaccumulation, Bioaccumulation, pelagic food web, Female, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Sthenoteuthis pteropus, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; The orange-back flying squid, Sthenoteuthis pteropus, plays an important role in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean (ETA) pelagic food web, as both predator and prey. Specimens of S. pteropus were caught off the Cape Verde Islands and concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn were measured in the digestive gland. Among the analysed elements, Cd showed the highest average concentration with values among the highest ever recorded in cephalopods. In addition to the digestive gland, Hg concentrations were also analysed in the buccal mass and mantle tissue. Among the three tissues, buccal mass showed the highest Hg concentrations. In females, Hg concentrations in the buccal mass were positively correlated with stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) and mantle length, showing both bioaccumulation with age and bioamplification along the trophic levels. High Cd and Hg concentrations in the digestive gland and muscle respectively would lead to elevated exposure of squid-eating top predators such as yellowfin tuna, swordfish or dolphinfish, which are commercially harvested for human consumption. This study provides a deeper understanding of the trace element contamination in an abundant and ecologically important, but poorly studied pelagic squid in the ETA.

Published
2018
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4. Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales : update 2017

Author

Andrew J. Easton, Gael Kurath, Jonathan S. Towner, Qi Fang, Calogero Terregino, Noël Tordo, Jean L. Patterson, John H. Werren, John M. Dye, Andrea Maisner, Qisheng Song, Peter J. Walker, Benhur Lee, Pierre Formenty, Richard E. Randall, Ralf Dürrwald, Kim R. Blasdell, Alisa Bochnowski, Bertus K. Rima, Robert A. Lamb, Paul A. Rota, Kartik Chandran, Ralf G. Dietzgen, David M. Stone, Norbert Nowotny, Hideki Kondo, Roger Hewson, Anna E. Whitfield, Janusz T. Paweska, Masayuki Horie, Peter L. Collins, Keizo Tomonaga, Martin Schwemmle, Anthony P. James, Olga Dolnik, Gary P. Kobinger, Beibei Wang, Michael N. Pearson, Nicolás Bejerman, Susan Payne, Ming Li, Jian Hong, Fei Wang, Christopher F. Basler, Robert M. Harding, Jens H. Kuhn, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Charles H. Calisher, Eric M. Leroy, Viktor E. Volchkov, Hideki Ebihara, Lin-Fa Wang, Dàohóng Jiāng, Sina Bavari, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Ayato Takada, Sergey V. Netesov, Elke Mühlberger, Sophie J. Smither, David Wang, Gongyin Ye, Peter Revill, Martin Beer, Colleen M. Higgins, Yīmíng Bào, Robert B. Tesh, Victoria Wahl-Jensen, Thomas Briese, Zhichao Yan, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Elodie Ghedin, Alexander Bukreyev, Nikos Vasilakis, Virology, Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), University of Washington [Seattle], National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Georgia State University, University System of Georgia (USG), Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases [USA] (USAMRIID), Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Albert Einstein College of Medicine [New York], National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Philipps University of Marburg, IDT Biologika, School of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rochester [USA], State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Department of Viroscience [Rotterdam, The Netherlands], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology [New York], New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)-New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Public Health England [Salisbury] (PHE), Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Infections Virales et Pathologie Comparée - UMR 754 (IVPC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Kagoshima University, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Research Centre in Infectious Diseases, CHUL Research Centre and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, US Geological Survey [Seattle], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Northwestern University [Evanston], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand (AENZ), Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Novosibirsk State University (NSU), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Texas Biomedical Research Institute [San Antonio, TX], Texas A&M University System, National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), University of Auckland [Auckland], Biomedical Sciences Research Complex [St Andrews, Scotland] (BSRC), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Ministry of Defence (UK) (MOD), University of Missouri School of Medicine, University of Missouri System, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Weymouth] (CEFAS), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Stratégies antivirales, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Bases moléculaires de la pathogénicité virale – Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity (BMPV), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center [Frederick], U.S. Social Security Administration, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecoscience Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Duke-NUS Medical School [Singapore], Department of Biology, Kansas State University, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland (UQ), Public Health England [Porton Down, Salisbury], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Faculty of Medicine-Laval University [Québec], Okayama University [Okayama], Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Texas Biomedical Research Institute [San Antonio, Texas], A&M University, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), The University of Auckland, Centre for Experimental Medicine [Queen’s University of Belfast], Hokkaido University, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Bases moléculaires de la pathogénicité virale – Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Duke NUS Medical School, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Columbia University [New York], Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, University of Warwick [Coventry], Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Huazhong Agricultural University [Wuhan] (HZAU), Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory [Melbourne, Australia] (VIDRL), Kyoto University, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030106 microbiology, Genome, Viral, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Genus, Phylogenetics, Virology, Gene Order, Viral, Mononegavirales, Phylogeny, Order Mononegavirales, Genome, biology, General Medicine, Pneumovirus, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Taxonomy (biology)
Abstract

International audience; In 2017, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by the inclusion of a total of 69 novel species. Five new rhabdovirus genera and one new nyamivirus genus were established to harbor 41 of these species, whereas the remaining new species were assigned to already established genera. Furthermore, non-Latinized binomial species names replaced all paramyxovirus and pneumovirus species names, thereby accomplishing application of binomial species names throughout the entire order. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

Published
2017
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5. PYGMY SPERM WHALE (KOGIA BREVICEPS) STRANDING RECORD IN TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA, AND DIET OF A SINGLE SPECIMEN

Author

Beasley, Isabel, Cherel, Yves, Robinson, Sue, Betty, Emma, Gales, Rosemary, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University (JCU), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Invasive Species Branch, Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand (AENZ), Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Department of Primary Industries and Water, Biodiversity Conservation Branch, and Lacalle, Martine

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, Kogia breviceps, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Pygmy Sperm Whale, Australia, cephalopods, diet, Tasmania
Abstract

International audience; This study describes the stranding record of the Pygmy Sperm Whale, Kogia breviceps, in Tasmanian waters, and the diet of a single individual. The Pygmy Sperm Whale is one of the most commonly stranded cetaceans in some parts of Australia, although it occurs infrequently in the Tasmanian stranding record, with only seven known stranding events. Dietary items were investigated from a single juvenile male Pygmy Sperm Whale stranded in southeast Tasmania. The recoverable diet consisted of approximately three kilograms of reconstructed cephalopod prey mass from at least 11 cephalopod species within nine families. Using reconstructed biomass, the most important family was Histioteuthidae (Histioteuthis atlantica and H. miranda: 29% of reconstructed biomass), followed by Ommastrephidae (unknown sp.: 27% of reconstructed biomass), Enoploteuthidae (Enoploteuthis sp): 25% of reconstructed biomass), Cranchiidae (Cranchia scabra and Teuthowenia pellucida), Chiroteuthidae (Chiroteuthis veranyi), Brachioteuthidae (Brachioteuthis linkovskyi), Neoteuthidae (Nototeuthis dimegacotyle), Pyroteuthidae (Pyroteuthis margaritifera) and Sepiolidae (Heteroteuthis sp.). Collection and analysis of biological material from Pygmy Sperm Whale strandings around Australia should be a high priority to better understand the ecology of this poorly known species.

Published
2013

6. Reduced inbreeding depression after species range expansion

Author

Julia Sánchez Vilas, John R. Pannell, Shurong Zhou, Benoit Pujol, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand (AENZ), and Auckland University of Technology (AUT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Population fragmentation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Species distribution, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic variation, Inbreeding depression, Computer Simulation, Inbreeding, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Demography, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Geography, Portugal, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Euphorbiaceae, Selfing, Biological Sciences, Mating system, Biological Evolution, Morocco, Genetics, Population, Spain, Evolutionary biology, Linear Models, Biological dispersal
Abstract

Many species expanded their geographic ranges from core “refugium” populations when the global climate warmed after the Pleistocene. The bottlenecks that occur during such range expansions diminish genetic variation in marginal populations, rendering them less responsive to selection. Here, we show that range expansion also strongly depletes inbreeding depression. We compared inbreeding depression among 20 populations across the expanded range of a common European plant, and found that marginal populations had greatly reduced inbreeding depression. Similar patterns were also revealed by multilocus computer simulations. Low inbreeding depression is predicted to ease conditions for the evolution of self-fertilization, and selfing is known to be particularly frequent in marginal populations. Therefore, our findings expose a remarkable aspect of evolution at range margins, where a history of expansion can reverse the direction of selection on the mating system, providing a parsimonious explanation for the high incidence of selfing in marginal populations.

Published
2009
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7. Are Q(ST)-F(ST) comparisons for natural populations meaningful?

Author

Alastair J. Wilson, Benoit Pujol, R. I. C. Ross, John R. Pannell, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Faculty of Classics and Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand (AENZ), and Auckland University of Technology (AUT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Divergence, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal model, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Genetic drift, Genetic variation, Genetics, Selection, Genetic, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Local adaptation, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Natural selection, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Models, Genetic, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genetic Drift, Genetic Variation, Quantitative genetics, Genetic differentiation, Genetics, Population, Phenotype
Abstract

Comparisons between putatively neutral genetic differentiation amongst populations, F(ST), and quantitative genetic variation, Q(ST), are increasingly being used to test for natural selection. However, we find that approximately half of the comparisons that use only data from wild populations confound phenotypic and genetic variation. We urge the use of a clear distinction between narrow-sense Q(ST), which can be meaningfully compared with F(ST), and phenotypic divergence measured between populations, P(ST), which is inadequate for comparisons in the wild. We also point out that an unbiased estimate of Q(ST) can be found using the so-called 'animal model' of quantitative genetics.

Published
2009
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8. Reduced responses to selection after species range expansion

Author

Benoit Pujol, John R. Pannell, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand (AENZ), and Auckland University of Technology (AUT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Species distribution, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Flowers, Phytogeography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Refugium (population biology), Africa, Northern, Selection, Genetic, Mercurialis annua, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Natural selection, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology, Portugal, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Reproduction, Euphorbiaceae, Genetic Variation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, Geographic range limit, Spain, Pollen, Adaptation
Abstract

Species range expansion reduces genetic variation at the margins of a species range and should thus compromise the adaptive potential of its marginal populations. Remarkably, this prediction has not previously been tested. Here, we show that populations of the plant Mercurialis annua, which expanded its range into Spain and Portugal from North Africa after the Pleistocene glaciation, respond to selection on a key life-history trait less well than populations from the species' historical refugium. Our results provide direct evidence of a decline in adaptive potential across the geographic range of a species after a shift in its distribution. Predicting evolutionary responses to environmental change will thus need to account for the genetic heterogeneity of species and the spatial dynamics of their geographic distributions.

Published
2008
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