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1. A global analysis of climate-relevant aerosol properties retrieved from the network of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) near-surface observatories

Author: P. Laj, A. Bigi, C. Rose, E. Andrews, C. Lund Myhre, M. Collaud Coen, Y. Lin, A. Wiedensohler, M. Schulz, J. A. Ogren, M. Fiebig, J. Gliß, A. Mortier, M. Pandolfi, T. Petäja, S.-W. Kim, W. Aas, J.-P. Putaud, O. Mayol-Bracero, M. Keywood, L. Labrador, P. Aalto, E. Ahlberg, L. Alados Arboledas, A. Alastuey, M. Andrade, B. Artíñano, S. Ausmeel, T. Arsov, E. Asmi, J. Backman, U. Baltensperger, S. Bastian, O. Bath, J. P. Beukes, B. T. Brem, N. Bukowiecki, S. Conil, C. Couret, D. Day, W. Dayantolis, A. Degorska, K. Eleftheriadis, P. Fetfatzis, O. Favez, H. Flentje, M. I. Gini, A. Gregorič, M. Gysel-Beer, A. G. Hallar, J. Hand, A. Hoffer, C. Hueglin, R. K. Hooda, A. Hyvärinen, I. Kalapov, N. Kalivitis, A. Kasper-Giebl, J. E. Kim, G. Kouvarakis, I. Kranjc, R. Krejci, M. Kulmala, C. Labuschagne, H.-J. Lee, H. Lihavainen, N.-H. Lin, G. Löschau, K. Luoma, A. Marinoni, S. Martins Dos Santos, F. Meinhardt, M. Merkel, J.-M. Metzger, N. Mihalopoulos, N. A. Nguyen, J. Ondracek, N. Pérez, M. R. Perrone, J.-E. Petit, D. Picard, J.-M. Pichon, V. Pont, N. Prats, A. Prenni, F. Reisen, S. Romano, K. Sellegri, S. Sharma, G. Schauer, P. Sheridan, J. P. Sherman, M. Schütze, A. Schwerin, R. Sohmer, M. Sorribas, M. Steinbacher, J. Sun, G. Titos, B. Toczko, T. Tuch, P. Tulet, P. Tunved, V. Vakkari, F. Velarde, P. Velasquez, P. Villani, S. Vratolis, S.-H. Wang, K. Weinhold, R. Weller, M. Yela, J. Yus-Diez, V. Zdimal, P. Zieger, N. Zikova, INAR Physics, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia = University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Seoul] (SEES), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), Iinstitute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute (IOS-PIB), Environmental Radioactivity laboratory (ERL), Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety (INRASTES), National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR)-National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR), National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Minneapolis], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), Arctic Space Centre [Helsinki], Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry [Stockholm] (ACES), Stockholm University, South African Weather Service (SAWS), Department of Medicine [New York], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development (IERSD), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), 10092390 - Beukes, Johan Paul, European Commission, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), CNR - National Research Council of Italy, University of Helsinki, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Laj, P., Bigi, A., Rose, C., Andrews, E., Lund Myhre, C., Collaud Coen, M., Lin, Y., Wiedensohler, A., Schulz, M., A. Ogren, J., Fiebig, M., Gliss, J., Mortier, A., Pandolfi, M., Petaja, T., Kim, S. -W., Aas, W., Putaud, J. -P., Mayol-Bracero, O., Keywood, M., Labrador, L., Aalto, P., Ahlberg, E., Alados Arboledas, L., Alastuey, A., Andrade, M., Artinano, B., Ausmeel, S., Arsov, T., Asmi, E., Backman, J., Baltensperger, U., Bastian, S., Bath, O., Paul Beukes, J., T. Brem, B., Bukowiecki, N., Conil, S., Couret, C., Day, D., Dayantolis, W., Degorska, A., Eleftheriadis, K., Fetfatzis, P., Favez, O., Flentje, H., I. Gini, M., Gregoric, A., Gysel-Beer, M., Gannet Hallar, A., Hand, J., Hoffer, A., Hueglin, C., K. Hooda, R., Hyvarinen, A., Kalapov, I., Kalivitis, N., Kasper-Giebl, A., Eun Kim, J., Kouvarakis, G., Kranjc, I., Krejci, R., Kulmala, M., Labuschagne, C., Lee, H. -J., Lihavainen, H., Lin, N. -H., Loschau, G., Luoma, K., Marinoni, A., Martins Dos Santos, S., Meinhardt, F., Merkel, M., Metzger, J. -M., Mihalopoulos, N., Anh Nguyen, N., Ondracek, J., Perez, N., Rita Perrone, M., Pichon, J. -M., Picard, D., Pont, V., Prats, N., Prenni, A., Reisen, F., Romano, S., Sellegri, K., Sharma, S., Schauer, G., Sheridan, P., Patrick Sherman, J., Schutze, M., Schwerin, A., Sohmer, R., Sorribas, M., Steinbacher, M., Sun, J., Titos, G., Toczko, B., Tuch, T., Tulet, P., Tunved, P., Vakkari, V., Velarde, F., Velasquez, P., Villani, P., Vratolis, S., Wang, S. -H., Weinhold, K., Weller, R., Yela, M., Yus-Diez, J., Zdimal, V., Zieger, P., and Zikova, N.
Subjects: Earth's energy budget, 1171 Geosciences, Atmospheric Science, Eearth radiation balance, PARTICLE NUMBER, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Particle number, Meteorology, VISIBLE-LIGHT ABSORPTION, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, PARTICULATE MATTER, Solar radiation, Cloud condensation nuclei, lcsh:TA170-171, ORGANIC AEROSOL, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS, lcsh:TA715-787, Global Atmosphere Watch, REGIONAL BACKGROUND SITES, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Aerosol particles, OPTICAL-PROPERTIES, Albedo, Particulates, RADIATIVE PROPERTIES, Aerosol, lcsh:Environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS, BLACK CARBON, Environmental science, Trollobservatoriet, Global Climate Monitoring System
Abstract: Aerosol particles are essential constituents of the Earth’s atmosphere, impacting the earth radiation balance directly by scattering and absorbing solar radiation, and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. In contrast to most greenhouse gases, aerosol particles have short atmospheric residence times, resulting in a highly heterogeneous distribution in space and time. There is a clear need to document this variability at regional scale through observations involving, in particular, the in situ near-surface segment of the atmospheric observation system. This paper will provide the widest effort so far to document variability of climate-relevant in situ aerosol properties (namely wavelength dependent particle light scattering and absorption coefficients, particle number concentration and particle number size distribution) from all sites connected to the Global Atmosphere Watch network. High-quality data from almost 90 stations worldwide have been collected and controlled for quality and are reported for a reference year in 2017, providing a very extended and robust view of the variability of these variables worldwide. The range of variability observed worldwide for light scattering and absorption coefficients, single-scattering albedo, and particle number concentration are presented together with preliminary information on their long-term trends and comparison with model simulation for the different stations. The scope of the present paper is also to provide the necessary suite of information, including data provision procedures, quality control and analysis, data policy, and usage of the ground-based aerosol measurement network. It delivers to users of the World Data Centre on Aerosol, the required confidence in data products in the form of a fully characterized value chain, including uncertainty estimation and requirements for contributing to the global climate monitoring system., European Commission Joint Research Centre 654109, European ERDF funds through different Spanish R&D projects of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, NorthWest University, University of Helsinki, Academy of Finland 272041, Academy of Finland project Greenhouse gas 269095 296302, Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program "Development of Monitoring and Analysis Techniques for Atmospheric Composition in Korea KMA2018-00522, National Research Foundation of Korea 2017R1D1A1B06032548, Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program KMI2018-01111, Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, Ministry of Research, France, French Ministry of the Environment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, MeteoSwiss (GAW-CH aerosol monitoring programme), Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within National Sustainability Program I (NPU I) LO1415, ERDF "ACTRISCZ RI" CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001315 CGL2017-85344-R MINECO/AEI/FEDER, TIGAS-CM (Madrid Regional Government) Y2018/EMT-5177, AIRTECCM (Madrid Regional Government) P2018/EMT4329 REDMAAS2020 RED2018-102594-T CIENCIA, Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, European Union (EU) CGL2016-78594-R, Generalitat de Catalunya AGAUR 2017 SGR41, National Institute for Aerospace Technology, Ministerio Espanol de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) MIS 5021516, Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, NSRF, Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR), Norwegian Environment Agency, Swedish FORMAS; Swedish Research Council (VR), Magnus Bergvall foundation, Marta och Erik Holmberg foundation, Swedish EPA
Published: 2020
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2. Global analysis of continental boundary layer new particle formation based on long-term measurements

Author: T. Nieminen, V.-M. Kerminen, T. Petäjä, P. P. Aalto, M. Arshinov, E. Asmi, U. Baltensperger, D. C. S. Beddows, J. P. Beukes, D. Collins, A. Ding, R. M. Harrison, B. Henzing, R. Hooda, M. Hu, U. Hõrrak, N. Kivekäs, K. Komsaare, R. Krejci, A. Kristensson, L. Laakso, A. Laaksonen, W. R. Leaitch, H. Lihavainen, N. Mihalopoulos, Z. Németh, W. Nie, C. O'Dowd, I. Salma, K. Sellegri, B. Svenningsson, E. Swietlicki, P. Tunved, V. Ulevicius, V. Vakkari, M. Vana, A. Wiedensohler, Z. Wu, A. Virtanen, M. Kulmala, Aerosol-Cloud-Climate -Interactions (ACCI), INAR Physics, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Eastern Finland, University of Helsinki, Laboratory of Theoretical Spectroscopy [Tomsk] (LTS), V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics (IAO), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS)-Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing], Nanjing University (NJU), National Centre for Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (NCAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry [Stockholm] (ACES), Stockholm University, Lund University [Lund], Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development (IERSD), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], Center for Physical Sciences and Technology [Vilnius] (FTMC), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Department of Physical Sciences, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, CONDENSATION NUCLEI PRODUCTION, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Particle number, FORMATION EVENTS, Range (biology), AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTION, 116 Chemical sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Orders of magnitude (bit rate), lcsh:Chemistry, ATMOSPHERIC NUCLEATION, SULFURIC-ACID, PARTICULATE MATTER, Growth rate, Southern Hemisphere, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, FREE TROPOSPHERE, Northern Hemisphere, Particulates, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:QD1-999, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, BLACK CARBON, Environmental science, HIGH-ALTITUDE SITE, AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important phenomenon in terms of global particle number concentrations. Here we investigated the frequency of NPF, formation rates of 10 nm particles, and growth rates in the size range of 10–25 nm using at least 1 year of aerosol number size-distribution observations at 36 different locations around the world. The majority of these measurement sites are in the Northern Hemisphere. We found that the NPF frequency has a strong seasonal variability. At the measurement sites analyzed in this study, NPF occurs most frequently in March–May (on about 30 % of the days) and least frequently in December–February (about 10 % of the days). The median formation rate of 10 nm particles varies by about 3 orders of magnitude (0.01–10 cm−3 s−1) and the growth rate by about an order of magnitude (1–10 nm h−1). The smallest values of both formation and growth rates were observed at polar sites and the largest ones in urban environments or anthropogenically influenced rural sites. The correlation between the NPF event frequency and the particle formation and growth rate was at best moderate among the different measurement sites, as well as among the sites belonging to a certain environmental regime. For a better understanding of atmospheric NPF and its regional importance, we would need more observational data from different urban areas in practically all parts of the world, from additional remote and rural locations in North America, Asia, and most of the Southern Hemisphere (especially Australia), from polar areas, and from at least a few locations over the oceans.
Published: 2018
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3. Identification of topographic features influencing aerosol observations at high altitude stations

Author: Elisabeth Andrews, Radovan Krejci, Gerhard Schauer, Martine Collaud Coen, Peter Tunved, Marcos Andrade, Angela Marinoni, Véronique Pont, Jing Ming, Marco Pandolfi, Harald Flentje, A. Gannet Hallar, Marina Ealo, Sergio Rodríguez, Ivo Kalapov, Nicolas Bukowiecki, Dominique Ruffieux, Junying Sun, Sangeeta Sharma, Ludwig Ries, Nhat Anh Nguyen, Diego Aliaga, Patricio Velasquez, Hristo Angelov, Neng Huei Lin, Rakesh K. Hooda, Paulo Fialho, Karine Sellegri, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Agrarian Sciences, University of Azores, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry [Stockholm] (ACES), Stockholm University, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Paediatrics, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], European Commission, University of the Azores, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Climate monitoring, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric boundary layer, 01 natural sciences, Convective Boundary Layer, Latitude, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, Altitude, Aerosoles, Aerosol, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, High altitude stations, Formation events, Effects of high altitude on humans, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Nucleation, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: High altitude stations are often emphasized as free tropospheric measuring sites but they remain influenced by atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) air masses due to convective transport processes. The local and meso-scale topographical features around the station are involved in the convective boundary layer development and in the formation of thermally induced winds leading to ABL air lifting. The station altitude alone is not a sufficient parameter to characterize the ABL influence. In this study, a topography analysis is performed allowing calculation of a newly defined index called ABL-TopoIndex. The ABL-TopoIndex is constructed in order to correlate with the ABL influence at the high altitude stations and long-term aerosol time series are used to assess its validity. Topography data from the global digital elevation model GTopo30 were used to calculate five parameters for 43 high and 3 middle altitude stations situated on five continents. The geometric mean of these five parameters determines a topography based index called ABL-TopoIndex, which can be used to rank the high altitude stations as a function of the ABL influence. To construct the ABL-TopoIndex, we rely on the criteria that the ABL influence will be low if the station is one of the highest points in the mountainous massif, if there is a large altitude difference between the station and the valleys or high plains, if the slopes around the station are steep, and finally if the inverse drainage basin potentially reflecting the source area for thermally lifted pollutants to reach the site is small. All stations on volcanic islands exhibit a low ABL-TopoIndex, whereas stations in the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau have high ABL-TopoIndex values. Spearman's rank correlation between aerosol optical properties and number concentration from 28 stations and the ABL-TopoIndex, the altitude and the latitude are used to validate this topographical approach. Statistically significant (SS) correlations are found between the 5th and 50th percentiles of all aerosol parameters and the ABL-TopoIndex, whereas no SS correlation is found with the station altitude. The diurnal cycles of aerosol parameters seem to be best explained by the station latitude although a SS correlation is found between the amplitude of the diurnal cycles of the absorption coefficient and the ABL-TopoIndex. © 2018 Author(s)., The authors gratefully acknowledge the following persons and organizations. – Wolfgang Schwanghart, the programmer of the TopoToolBox for putting his codes as a freeware and for all the kind and always rapid support he offers. – CHC: the Chacaltaya consortium and Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics at UMSA for taking care of the station and collecting the data. Swedish participation was supported by the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT) and the Swedish research council FORMAS. – CMN: the European Commission funded ACTRIS, ACTRIS2 EU project and NEXTDATA National project funded by MIUR. – IZO: Global Atmospheric Watch program funded by AEMET and by the project AEROATLAN (CGL2015-66299-P), funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). – JFJ: International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG) and the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss, within the Swiss program of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) of the World Meteorological Organization, funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 654109 (ACTRIS2), and the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract no. 15.0159-1. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Swiss Government. – LLN: the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. – MSA and MSY: MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness), the MAGRAMA (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment), the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2014 SGR33 and the DGQA) and FEDER funds under the PRISMA project (CGL2012-39623-C02/00). This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 654109. Marco Pandolfi is funded by a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (RYC-2013-14036) awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.
Published: 2018
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4. An agenda for sustainability transitions research: State of the art and future directions

Author: Köhler, J., Geels, F.W., Kern, F., Markard, J., Onsongo, E., Wieczorek, A., Alkemade, F., Avelino, F., Bergek, A., Boons, F., Fünfschilling, L., Hess, D., Holtz, G., Hyysalo, S., Jenkins, K., Kivimaa, P., Martiskainen, M., McMeekin, A., Mühlemeier, M.S., Nykvist, B., Pel, B., Raven, R., Rohracher, H., Sandén, B., Schot, J., Sovacool, B., Turnheim, B., Welch, D., Wells, P., Dynamics of Innovation Systems, Section Innovation Studies, Organisations and Sustainability, Innovation Studies, Global Comparative History, OGKG - Internationale en Politieke geschiedenis, Publica, Dynamics of Innovation Systems, Section Innovation Studies, Organisations and Sustainability, Innovation Studies, Global Comparative History, OGKG - Internationale en Politieke geschiedenis, Academic staff unit, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Public Administration, Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Technology, Innovation & Society, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (Fraunhofer ISI ), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), University of Manchester [Manchester], Institute for Ecological Economy Research, Partenaires INRAE, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute of International and Social Studies, Tallin University, Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], Lund University [Lund], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Wuppertal Institute for Climate Environment and Energy, Aalto University, University of Brighton, University of Sussex, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Monash University [Clayton], Linköping University (LIU), Alliance Manchester Business School (Alliance MBS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-ESIEE Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Cardiff University
Subjects: Civil society, literature review, MULTILEVEL PERSPECTIVE, future prospect, GRASS-ROOTS INNOVATIONS, research agenda, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Agency (philosophy), Research agenda, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), LOW-CARBON TRANSITIONS, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Transformation, DISTRIBUTED SOLAR-ENERGY, SOCIOTECHNICAL TRANSITIONS, Environnement et pollution, Politics, Sciences sociales, REGIME DESTABILIZATION, Socio-technical systems, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, 021108 energy, research work, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Social movement, Grand Challenges, RENEWABLE ENERGY, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Scope (project management), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Transition (fiction), transformation, QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS, Transitions, transition, socio-technical system, ta6132, technical efficiency, sustainability, Sustainability, Kinésithérapie réadaptation, Engineering ethics, TECHNOLOGICAL-INNOVATION SYSTEMS, SDG 7 – Betaalbare en schone energie, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Research on sustainability transitions has expanded rapidly in the last ten years, diversi-fied in terms of topics and geographical applications, and deepened with respect to theories and methods. This article provides an extensive review and an updated research agenda for the field, classified into nine main themes: understanding transitions; power, agency and politics; governing transitions; civil society, culture and social movements; businesses and industries; transitions in practice and everyday life; geography of transitions; ethical aspects; and methodologies. The review shows that the scope of sustainability transitions research has broadened and connections to established disciplines have grown stronger. At the same time, we see that the grand challenges related to sustainability remain unsolved, calling for continued efforts and an acceleration of ongoing transitions. Transition studies can play a key role in this regard by creating new perspectives, approaches and understanding and helping to move society in the direction of sustainability., 0, NB multiple (>20) authors, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2019
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5. Observations of Manaus urban plume evolution and interaction with biogenic emissions in GoAmazon 2014/5

Author: Jost V. Lavric, Julio Tota, Henrique M. J. Barbosa, Brett B. Palm, Jose L. Jimenez, G. G. Cirino, David Walter, Peter Tunved, Suzane S. de Sá, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de Souza, Joel Brito, Scot T. Martin, Samara Carbone, Paulo Artaxo, Maria Betânia Leal de Oliveira, Luciana V. Rizzo, Stefan Wolff, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], Stockholm University, 2301 Lucien Way, Suite 250, Brown and Caldwell, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Subjects: Albedo, Plume, Aging, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Manaus, 010501 environmental sciences, Urban Pollutions, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Dry season, Gas Evolution, Aerosol Particle Size Distribution, Air Sampling, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Secondary Organic Aerosol, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Amazon rainforest, Biogenic emissions, Plume Dispersion, Calculation, Trace Gas, Pollution, Circadian Rhythm, Air Pollutant, Intensive Operating Periods, Goamazon, Gases, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Amazonas, Atmospheric Movements, Absorption, Meteorology, Air Pollution, Tropical Forest, Particle Size, Aerosol, Amazon Basin, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aerosols, Pollutant, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Organic Compound, Urban Pollution, Sulfur Compounds, Aerosol scattering, Brasil, Air Mass, Particle Number Concentration, Seasonal Variation, 15. Life on land, Anthropogenic Source, Concentration (composition), Sulfate, Trace gas, Chemical And Physical Properties, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric Transport, Concentration (parameters), Environmental science, Biogenic Emission, Urban Area
Abstract: As part of the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon 2014/5) Experiment, detailed aerosol and trace gas measurements were conducted near Manaus, a metropolis located in the central Amazon Basin. Measurements of aerosol particles and trace gases were done downwind Manaus at the sites T2 (Tiwa Hotel) and T3 (Manacapuru), at a distance of 8 and 70 km from Manaus, respectively. Based on in-plume measurements closer to Manaus (site T2), the chemical signatures of city emissions were used to improve the interpretation of pollutant levels at the T3 site. We derived chemical and physical properties for the city's atmospheric emission ensemble, taking into account only air masses impacted by the Manaus plume at both sites, during the wet and dry season Intensive Operating Periods (IOPs). At T2, average concentrations of aerosol number (CN), CO and SO2 were 5500 cm−3 (between 10 and 490 nm), 145 ppb and 0.60 ppb, respectively, with a typical ratio ΔCN/ΔCO of 60–130 particles cm−3 ppb−1. The aerosol scattering (at RH < 60%) and absorption at 637 nm at T2 ranged from 10 to 50 M m−1 and 5–10 M m−1, respectively, leading to a mean single scattering albedo (SSA) of 0.70. In addition to identifying periods dominated by Manaus emissions at both T2 and T3, the plume transport between the two sampling sites was studied using back trajectory calculations. Results show that the presence of the Manaus plume at site T3 was important mainly during the daytime and at the end of the afternoons. During time periods directly impacted by Manaus emissions, an average aerosol number concentration of 3200 cm−3 was measured at T3. Analysis of plume evolution between T2 and T3 indicates a transport time of 4–5 h. Changes of submicron organic and sulfate aerosols ratios relative to CO (ΔOA/ΔCO and ΔSO4/ΔCO, respectively) indicate significant production of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), corresponding to a 40% mass increase in OA and a 30% in SO4 mass concentration. Similarly, during air mass arrival at T3 the SSA increased to 0.83 from 0.70 at T2, mainly associated with an increase in organic aerosol concentration. Aerosol particle size distributions show a strong decrease in the Aitken nuclei mode (10–100 nm) during the transport from T2 to T3, in particular above 30 nm, as a result of efficient coagulation processes into larger particles. A decrease of 30% in the particle number concentration and an increase of about 50 nm in geometric mean diameter were observed from T2 to T3 sites. The study of the evolution of aerosol properties downwind of the city of Manaus improves our understanding of how coupling of anthropogenic and biogenic sources may be impacting the sensitive Amazonian atmosphere. © 2018 The Authors
Published: 2018
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6. Effects of mixing state on optical and radiative properties of black carbon in the European Arctic

Author: Marco Zanatta, Paolo Laj, Martin Gysel, Urs Baltensperger, Stergios Vratolis, Kostas Eleftheriadis, Yutaka Kondo, Philippe Dubuisson, Victor Winiarek, Stelios Kazadzis, Peter Tunved, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Department of Physics, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], and Stockholm University
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS, ZEPPELIN STATION, SMOKE EVENT, PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, NY-ALESUND, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE, 0104 chemical sciences, 13. Climate action, AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION, SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO, PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER, 0210 nano-technology, BROWN CARBON
Abstract: Atmospheric aging promotes internal mixing of black carbon (BC), leading to an enhancement of light absorption and radiative forcing. The relationship between BC mixing state and consequent absorption enhancement was never estimated for BC found in the Arctic region. In the present work, we aim to quantify the absorption enhancement and its impact on radiative forcing as a function of microphysical properties and mixing state of BC observed in situ at the Zeppelin Arctic station (78∘ N) in the spring of 2012 during the CLIMSLIP (Climate impacts of short-lived pollutants in the polar region) project. Single-particle soot photometer (SP2) measurements showed a mean mass concentration of refractory black carbon (rBC) of 39 ng m−3, while the rBC mass size distribution was of lognormal shape, peaking at an rBC mass-equivalent diameter (DrBC) of around 240 nm. On average, the number fraction of particles containing a BC core with DrBC>80 nm was less than 5 % in the size range (overall optical particle diameter) from 150 to 500 nm. The BC cores were internally mixed with other particulate matter. The median coating thickness of BC cores with 220 nm < DrBC< 260 nm was 52 nm, resulting in a core–shell diameter ratio of 1.4, assuming a coated sphere morphology. Combining the aerosol absorption coefficient observed with an Aethalometer and the rBC mass concentration from the SP2, a mass absorption cross section (MAC) of 9.8 m2 g−1 was inferred at a wavelength of 550 nm. Consistent with direct observation, a similar MAC value (8.4 m2 g−1 at 550 nm) was obtained indirectly by using Mie theory and assuming a coated-sphere morphology with the BC mixing state constrained from the SP2 measurements. According to these calculations, the lensing effect is estimated to cause a 54 % enhancement of the MAC compared to that of bare BC particles with equal BC core size distribution. Finally, the ARTDECO radiative transfer model was used to estimate the sensitivity of the radiative balance to changes in light absorption by BC as a result of a varying degree of internal mixing at constant total BC mass. The clear-sky noontime aerosol radiative forcing over a surface with an assumed wavelength-dependent albedo of 0.76–0.89 decreased, when ignoring the absorption enhancement, by −0.12 W m−2 compared to the base case scenario, which was constrained with mean observed aerosol properties for the Zeppelin site in Arctic spring. The exact magnitude of this forcing difference scales with environmental conditions such as the aerosol optical depth, solar zenith angle and surface albedo. Nevertheless, our investigation suggests that the absorption enhancement due to internal mixing of BC, which is a systematic effect, should be considered for quantifying the aerosol radiative forcing in the Arctic region.
Published: 2018
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7. Multi-year statistical and modeling analysis of submicrometer aerosol number size distributions at a rain forest site in Amazonia

Author: Radovan Krejci, Peter Tunved, Markku Kulmala, Paulo Artaxo, Joel Brito, Pontus Roldin, Luciana V. Rizzo, Erik Swietlicki, Tuukka Petäjä, John Backman, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of Helsinki, Lund University [Lund], Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry [Stockholm] (ACES), Stockholm University, Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Department of Physics, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, and Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Particle number, TRACE GASES, Amazonian, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, SULFURIC-ACID, SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL, PARTICLE FORMATION, Dry season, Water cycle, WET SEASON, BASIN, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], UPPER TROPOSPHERE, ISOPRENE EPOXYDIOLS, 15. Life on land, lcsh:QC1-999, Trace gas, Aerosol, ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Particle-size distribution, GROWTH, Particle size, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: The Amazon Basin is a unique region to study atmospheric aerosols, given their relevance for the regional hydrological cycle and the large uncertainty of their sources. Multi-year datasets are crucial when contrasting periods of natural conditions and periods influenced by anthropogenic emissions. In the wet season, biogenic sources and processes prevail, and the Amazonian atmospheric composition resembles preindustrial conditions. In the dry season, the basin is influenced by widespread biomass burning emissions. This work reports multi-year observations of high time resolution submicrometer (10–600 nm) particle number size distributions at a rain forest site in Amazonia (TT34 tower, 60 km NW from Manaus city), between 2008 and 2010 and 2012 and 2014. The median particle number concentration was 403 cm−3 in the wet season and 1254 cm−3 in the dry season. The Aitken mode ( ∼ 30–100 nm in diameter) was prominent during the wet season, while the accumulation mode ( ∼ 100–600 nm in diameter) dominated the particle size spectra during the dry season. Cluster analysis identified groups of aerosol number size distributions influenced by convective downdrafts, nucleation events and fresh biomass burning emissions. New particle formation and subsequent growth was rarely observed during the 749 days of observations, similar to previous observations in the Amazon Basin. A stationary 1-D column model (ADCHEM – Aerosol Dynamics, gas and particle phase CHEMistry and radiative transfer model) was used to assess the importance of the processes behind the observed diurnal particle size distribution trends. Three major particle source types are required in the model to reproduce the observations: (i) a surface source of particles in the evening, possibly related to primary biological emissions; (ii) entrainment of accumulation mode aerosols in the morning; and (iii) convective downdrafts transporting Aitken mode particles into the boundary layer mostly during the afternoon. The latter process has the largest influence on the modeled particle number size distributions. However, convective downdrafts are often associated with rain and, thus, act as both a source of Aitken mode particles and a sink of accumulation mode particles, causing a net reduction in the median total particle number concentrations in the surface layer. Our study shows that the combination of the three mentioned particle sources is essential to sustain particle number concentrations in Amazonia.
Published: 2018
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8. Ground based in situ measurements of arctic cloud microphysical and optical properties at Mount Zeppelin (Ny-Alesund Svalbard)

Author: Guyot, Gwennolé, Jourdan, Olivier, Olofson, Frans, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Gourbeyre, Christophe, Febvre, Guy, Dupuy, Régis, Bernard, Christophe, Tunved, Peter, Ancellet, Gérard, Law, Kathy S., Wobrock, Wolfram, Shcherbakov, Valery, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science [Toronto], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], Stockholm University, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience; The high sensitivity of the polar regions to climate perturbation, due to complex feedback mechanisms existing in this region, was shown by many studies (Solomon et al., 2007; Verlinde et al., 2007; IPCC, 2007). In particular, climate simulations suggest that cloud feedback plays an important role in the arctic warming (Vavrus 2004; Hassol, 2005). Moreover, the high seasonal variability of arctic aerosol properties (Engwall et al., 2008; Tunveld et al., 2013) is expected to significantly impact the cloud properties during the winter-summer transition. Field measurements are needed for improved understanding and representation of cloud-aerosol interactions in climate models. Within the CLIMSLIP project (CLimate IMpacts of Short-LIved Pollutants and methane in the arctic), a two months (March-April 2012) ground-based cloud measurement campaign was performed at Mt Zeppelin station, Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. The experimental setup comprised a wide variety of instruments. A CPI (Cloud Particle Imager) was used for the microphysical and morphological characterization of ice particles. Measurements of sized-resolved liquid cloud parameters were performed by the FSSP-100 (Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe). The Nevzorov Probe measured the bulk properties (LWC and IWC) of clouds. The Polar Nephelometer (PN) was used to assess the single scattering properties of an ensemble of cloud particles. This cloud instrumenta-tion combined with the aerosol properties (size distribution and total concentration) continuously measured at the station allowed us to study the variability of the microphysical and optical properties of low level Mixed Phase Clouds (MPC) as well as the aerosol-cloud interaction in the Arctic. Typical properties of MPC, snow precipitation and blowing snow will be presented. First results suggest that liquid water is ubiquitous in arctic low level clouds. Precipitations are characterized by large (typically 1 mm sized) stellar and pristine shape particles whereas blowing snow is typically composed of 250 µm irregular ice crystals. This dataset will be used to test physically based representations of the relationships between particle size, shape and optical properties and to investigate dominant microphysical processes occurring in MPC using detailed microphysical modeling. Moreover, carbon monoxide measurements allow us to compare polluted with clean cases. The cloud-aerosol interactions processes which take place during the transport of polluted air masses from mid-latitude to the Arctic is thus assessed.
Published: 2015

9. Study of the origin of atmospheric mercury depletion events recorded in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, spring 2003

Author: Katrine Aspmo, Torunn Berg, Christophe Ferrari, C. M. Banic, Alexandra Steffen, Pierre-Alexis Gauchard, Claude F. Boutron, Ralf Ebinghaus, Sonia Nagorski, Christian Temme, Lars Kaleschke, Enno Bahlmann, Patrick Baussand, Olivier Magand, Frédéric Planchon, Johan Ström, Aurélien Dommergue, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Department of Chemistry [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), GKSS-Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, Air Quality Research Branch, Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Polytech' Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Groupe de Recherche sur l'Environnement et la Chimie Atmosphérique (GRECA), UFR de Mécanique et de Physique, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institute of Applied Environmental Research (ITM)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Transport, chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric mercury, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, Ozone, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ice cloud, Advection, Mercury, Snow, Atmospheric mercury depletion events, eye diseases, Aerosol, Mercury (element), Particles, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, sense organs
Abstract: International audience; An international campaign involving six teams was organized in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, in order to understand better the origin of atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs). Special emphasis was given to determining the source region of the observed events and the physical and chemical processes leading to AMDEs. Five AMDEs were recorded during a one-month field experiment (10 April-10 May, 2003). The different events presented various characteristics, especially in terms of mercury species formation, atmospheric particle variations and meteorological conditions. After careful examination of each event, we postulate that two were probably due to advection of already depleted air masses and three were a product of local or regional chemistry. The roles of different surfaces (frost flowers, snow, ice aerosol in clouds) involved in heterogeneous reactions leading to AMDEs are also discussed. We speculate that ice clouds may explain the particle variations observed during the three more local events.
Published: 2005
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10. An investigation of processes controlling the evolution of the boundary layer aerosol size distribution properties at the Swedish background station Aspvreten

Author: Peter Tunved, Hans-Christen Hansson, Johan Ström, Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], and Stockholm University
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Chemistry, Condensation, Nucleation, respiratory system, Atmospheric sciences, complex mixtures, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:Chemistry, Boundary layer, lcsh:QD1-999, Range (statistics), Cluster (physics), Particle, Precipitation, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Aerosol size distributions have been measured at the Swedish background station Aspvreten (58.8° N, 17.4° E). Different states of the aerosol were determined using a novel application of cluster analysis. The analysis resulted in eight different clusters capturing different stages of the aerosol lifecycle. The atmospheric aerosol size distributions were interpreted as belonging to fresh, intermediate and aged types of size distribution. With aid of back trajectory analysis we present statistics concerning the relation of source area and different meteorological parameters using a non-Lagrangian approach. Source area is argued to be important although not sufficient to describe the observed aerosol properties. Especially processing by clouds and precipitation is shown to be crucial for the evolution of the aerosol size distribution. As much as 60% of the observed size distributions present features that are likely to be related to cloud processes or wet deposition. The lifetime properties of different sized aerosols are discussed by means of measured variability of the aerosol size distribution. Processing by clouds and precipitation is shown to be especially crucial in the size range 100 nm and larger. This indicates an approximate limit for activation in clouds to 100 nm in this type of environment. The aerosol lifecycle is discussed. Size distributions indicating signs of recent new particle formation (~30% of the observed size distributions) represent the first stage in the lifecycle. Aging of the aerosol size distribution may follow two branches: either growth by condensation and coagulation or processing by non-precipitating clouds. In both cases mass is accumulated. Wet removal is the main process capable of removing aerosol mass. Wet deposition is argued to be an important mechanism in reaching a state where nucleation may occur (i.e. sufficiently low aerosol surface area) in environments similar to the one studied.
Published: 2004

11. Primary versus secondary contributions to particle number concentrations in the European boundary layer

Author: Karine Sellegri, Nadezda Zikova, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Ernest Weingartner, Angela Marinoni, Thomas Hamburger, Thomas Tuch, Paolo Bonasoni, Joonas Merikanto, Urs Baltensperger, A. Sonntag, Marcel M. Moerman, M. G. Frontoso, Colin D. O'Dowd, Vladimír Ždímal, Pasi Aalto, Pontus Roldin, J. Boulon, L. Collins, Carly Reddington, Birgit Wehner, Hugh Coe, Wolfram Birmili, J. P. Putaud, Andreas Minikin, R. Duchi, Christian Plass-Dülmer, Hans-Christen Hansson, Régis Dupuy, Carsten Gruening, Paolo Laj, Markku Kulmala, Peter Tunved, J. S. Henzing, Dominick V. Spracklen, Alfred Wiedensohler, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Erik Swietlicki, S. G. Jennings, Giorgos Kouvarakis, Harald Flentje, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, C2SM, Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEAES), University of Manchester [Manchester], Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies [Galway] (C-CAPS), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), School of Physics [NUI Galway], Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University [Lund], Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), TNO Science and Industry, Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR, CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), NERC ADIENT, University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Particle number, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, aerosol particles, Aerosol radiative forcing, Earth & Environment, Nucleation, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, boundary layer, Environment, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, resolved aerosol microphysics, lcsh:Chemistry, Primary (astronomy), ion-induced nucleation, instrumental development, Cloud condensation nuclei, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, particulate matter, size distributions, Atmosphärische Spurenstoffe, Particulates, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, on-road, Europe, Boundary layer, carbonaceous aerosol, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, UES - Urban Environment & Safety, Environmental science, emission factors, atmospheric sulfuric-acid, off-line model, EELS - Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: It is important to understand the relative contribution of primary and secondary particles to regional and global aerosol so that models can attribute aerosol radiative forcing to different sources. In large-scale models, there is considerable uncertainty associated with treatments of particle formation (nucleation) in the boundary layer (BL) and in the size distribution of emitted primary particles, leading to uncertainties in predicted cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. Here we quantify how primary particle emissions and secondary particle formation influence size-resolved particle number concentrations in the BL using a global aerosol microphysics model and aircraft and ground site observations made during the May 2008 campaign of the European Integrated Project on Aerosol Cloud Climate Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI). We tested four different parameterisations for BL nucleation and two assumptions for the emission size distribution of anthropogenic and wildfire carbonaceous particles. When we emit carbonaceous particles at small sizes (as recommended by the Aerosol Intercomparison project, AEROCOM), the spatial distributions of campaign-mean number concentrations of particles with diameter >50 nm (N50) and >100 nm (N100) were well captured by the model (R2≥0.8) and the normalised mean bias (NMB) was also small (−18% for N50 and −1% for N100). Emission of carbonaceous particles at larger sizes, which we consider to be more realistic for low spatial resolution global models, results in equally good correlation but larger bias (R2≥0.8, NMB = −52% and −29%), which could be partly but not entirely compensated by BL nucleation. Within the uncertainty of the observations and accounting for the uncertainty in the size of emitted primary particles, BL nucleation makes a statistically significant contribution to CCN-sized particles at less than a quarter of the ground sites. Our results show that a major source of uncertainty in CCN-sized particles in polluted European air is the emitted size of primary carbonaceous particles. New information is required not just from direct observations, but also to determine the "effective emission size" and composition of primary particles appropriate for different resolution models., JRC.H.2-Air and Climate
Published: 2011
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12. Characterization and intercomparison of aerosol absorption photometers: result of two intercomparison workshops

Author: Mika Komppula, G. Jennings, Hristo Angelov, Aki Virkkula, Thomas Müller, S. Rodriquez, Yang Wang, Angela Marinoni, John A. Ogren, Marcel M. Moerman, Nikos Kalivitis, Kornélia Imre, Andreas Petzold, Jean-Marc Pichon, Mar Viana, Paolo Laj, P. Ivanow, Kimmo Teinilä, Andrés Alastuey, Chris Rene Lunder, András Hoffer, R. Wilhelm, A. Wiedensohler, H. Karlsson, S. Martins dos Santos, Ernest Weingartner, Junying Sun, G. de Leeuw, Risto Hillamo, Andreas Nowak, Patrick J. Sheridan, J. E. Engström, Thomas Tuch, Sangeeta Sharma, Shao-Meng Li, M. Bizjak, J. S. Henzing, Carsten Gruening, M. Collaud Coen, Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS), Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), TNO Science and Industry, University of Helsinki, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Department of Meteorology [Stockholm] (MISU), Stockholm University, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Veszprém], University of Pannonia, Environmental Change Institute [Galway], National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), School of Physics [NUI Galway], Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], Kuopio Unit [FMI], Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), ESRL Global Monitoring Division [Boulder] (GMD), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), WMO GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) EU, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Integrating Nephelometers, aerosol absorption, aerosol properties, aerosol measurement, Fotómetros de absorción, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, black carbon, soot, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Size, law, Soot Particles, Aerosoles, lcsh:TA170-171, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Chemistry, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Soot, lcsh:Environmental engineering, aerosol climate, Black Carbon Content, Calibration, Filter-Based Measurements, MAAP, photometers, Absorption photometers, Aethalometer, intercomparison, Optics, EUSAAR, medicine, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, effects, Attenuation Cross-Section, Remote sensing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Photometers, business.industry, lcsh:TA715-787, Ambient Measurements, Aerosol properties, Atmosphärische Spurenstoffe, Photometer, Aerosol, 13. Climate action, Attenuation coefficient, Particle, Visible-Light Absorption, business, absorption
Abstract: Absorption photometers for real time application have been available since the 1980s, but the use of filter-based instruments to derive information on aerosol properties (absorption coefficient and black carbon, BC) is still a matter of debate. Several workshops have been conducted to investigate the performance of individual instruments over the intervening years. Two workshops with large sets of aerosol absorption photometers were conducted in 2005 and 2007. The data from these instruments were corrected using existing methods before further analysis. The inter-comparison shows a large variation between the responses to absorbing aerosol particles for different types of instruments. The unit to unit variability between instruments can be up to 30% for Particle Soot Absorption Photometers (PSAPs) and Aethalometers. Multi Angle Absorption Photometers (MAAPs) showed a variability of less than 5%. Reasons for the high variability were identified to be variations in sample flow and spot size. It was observed that different flow rates influence system performance with respect to response to absorption and instrumental noise. Measurements with non absorbing particles showed that the current corrections of a cross sensitivity to particle scattering are not sufficient. Remaining cross sensitivities were found to be a function of the total particle load on the filter. The large variation between the response to absorbing aerosol particles for different types of instruments indicates that current correction functions for absorption photometers are not adequate., JRC.DDG.H.2-Climate change and air quality
Published: 2011
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13. Modelling the cloud condensation nucleus activity of organic acids

Author: Z. Varga, G. Kiss, Hans-Christen Hansson, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Veszprém], University of Pannonia, Air Chemistry Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), and Stockholm University
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_classification, Supersaturation, Adipic acid, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Maleic acid, Oxalic acid, Inorganic chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, Glutaric acid, 01 natural sciences, Surface tension, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Solubility, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Organic acid
Abstract: In this study vapour pressure osmometry was used to determine water activity in solutions of organic acids. The surface tension of the solutions was also monitored in parallel and then Köhler curves were calculated for nine organic acids (oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, citric acid and pinonic acid). Surface tension depression is negligible for most of the organic acids in dilute (≤1 w/w%) solutions. Therefore, these compounds affect the supersaturation only in the beginning phase of droplet formation but not necessarily at the critical size. An exception is cis-pinonic acid which remarkably depress surface tension also in dilute (0.1 w/w%) solution and hence at the critical point. The surface tension of organic acid solutions is influenced by the solubility of the compound, the length of the carbon chain and also by the polar functional groups present in the molecule. Similarly to surface tension solubility plays an important role also in water activity: compounds with higher solubility (e.g. malonic, maleic, and glutaric acid) reduce water activity significantly in the early phase of droplet formation while less soluble acids (e.g. succinic and adipic acid) are saturated in small droplets and the solution starts diluting only in bigger droplets. As a consequence, compounds with lower solubility have a minor effect on water activity in the early phase of droplet formation. To deduce the total effect Köhler curves were calculated and critical supersaturations were determined for the organic acids using measured surface tension and water activity. It was found that critical supersaturation grew with growing carbon number. Oxalic acid had the lowest critical supersaturation in the size range studied and it was comparable to the activation of ammonium sulfate. The Sc values obtained in this study were compared to data from CCNC measurements. In most cases good agreement was found.
Published: 2007
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14. Light scattering by single ice crystals of cirrus clouds

Author: Olivier Jourdan, Johan Ström, Valery Shcherbakov, Andreas Minikin, Jean-François Gayet, IUT d'Allier (IUT d'Allier), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics::Optics, cirrus, 01 natural sciences, Light scattering, 010309 optics, Crystal, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Specular reflection, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Ice cloud, Ice crystals, Nephelometer, business.industry, Scattering, Geophysics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, INCA, Cirrus, business, ice crystals
Abstract: [1] In situ measurements of angular scattering intensities (ASIs) related to single ice crystals of cirrus clouds were obtained for the first time with the airborne Polar Nephelometer instrument. These observations were performed in the southern mid-latitudes during the INCA project. The analysis of the data shows that the well marked peaks of the ASIs are undoubtedly attributed to quasi-specular reflections from crystal facets and the refracted rays passed through the ice crystals. Emphasizing that it is not enough to know the shape of the crystal, but also the internal structure is of great importance. Ray tracing simulations reproduce most of the observed ASIs features. The model of surface roughness, which assumes the Weibull statistics, enables to reproduce the quasi-specular external reflection from crystal facets. It follows from the retrievals that the surface of the crystals was deeply rough and the amount of the internal inclusions (air bubbles) was quite high.
Published: 2006
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15. Application of osmolality for the determination of water activity and the modelling of cloud formation

Author: Kiss, G., Hansson, H.-C., Air Chemistry Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Pannonia, Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), and Stockholm University
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: International audience; A simple approach is suggested here to give reliable estimates on the Raoult term of the Köhler equation when calculating critical supersaturation (Sc) for real atmospheric samples. Water activity is calculated from osmolality and thus the original Köhler equation can be applied avoiding the difficulties with unknown molecular weights, solubilities, van't Hoff factors of aerosol constituents and also the interactions in the growing droplet. First, water activity calculated from osmolality data was compared to literature values both for electrolytes and a non-electrolyte. Then the applicability of the approach was demonstrated by generating Köhler curves from osmolality derived and literature activity data as well as by using the simplified Köhler equation. Sc values calculated with the osmolality approach fitted those obtained by using literature water activity data within a relative deviation of less than 0.3%, 0.8%, 1.1% and 3.4% for sucrose, CaCl2, NaCl and H2SO4, respectively, while the corresponding errors with the simplified Köhler equation were 11%, 8.5%, 4.5% and 19% in the dry nucleus size range of 20 nm to 100 nm. Finally, the osmolality method was used to show how considerably Sc is underestimated for organic acids if complete dissociation is assumed. The method described in this paper can be applied to real atmospheric samples (aerosol extracts, fog water or cloud water) thus improving the reliability of estimates on critical supersaturation and critical droplet diameter in atmospheric modelling.
Published: 2004

16. Explicit simulation of aerosol physics in a cloud-resolving model

Author: J. Wilson, Chen Wang, Johan Ström, Annica M. L. Ekman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), and Stockholm University
Subjects: Physics, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, education.field_of_study, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ice crystals, Chemistry, Condensation, Population, Nucleation, 010501 environmental sciences, respiratory system, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Aerosol, Troposphere, 13. Climate action, Sea salt aerosol, education, Scavenging, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The role of convection in introducing aerosols and promoting the formation of new particles to the upper troposphere has been examined using a cloud-resolving model coupled with an interactive explicit aerosol module. A baseline simulation suggests good agreement in the upper troposphere between modeled and observed results including concentrations of aerosols in different size ranges, mole fractions of key chemical species, and concentrations of ice particles. In addition, a set of 34 sensitivity simulations has been carried out to investigate the sensitivity of modeled results to the treatment of various aerosol physical and chemical processes in the model. The size distribution of aerosols is proved to be an important factor in determining the aerosols' fate within the convective cloud. Nucleation mode aerosols (0−31.0 nm) are almost completely removed by nucleation (activation of cloud droplets) and impact scavenging. However, a substantial part (up to 10% of the boundary layer concentration) of the Aitken mode aerosol population (5.84 nm
Published: 2004

17. Ultrathin Tropical Tropopause Clouds (UTTCs) : I. Cloud morphology and occurrence

Author: Cornelius Schiller, Leopoldo Stefanutti, Thomas Trautmann, Johan Ström, G. Di Donfrancesco, Francesco Cairo, C. M. Volk, Th. Peter, R. MacKenzie, Martin Wirth, V. Santacesaria, Vladimir Yushkov, Stephan Borrmann, Valentin Mitev, J. Beuermann, Kevin J. Noone, Andreas Thomas, Harald Flentje, Guido Toci, B. P. Luo, Kenneth S. Carslaw, V. Rudakov, V. Khattatov, Alberto Adriani, Christoph Kiemle, P. Mazzinghi, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute for Atmospheric Physics [Mainz] (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Quantum Electronics Institute, National Institute of Applied Optics, Institute I: Stratosphere, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik [Frankfurt], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, Department of Meteorology [Stockholm] (MISU), Observatoire Cantonal de Neuchâtel (OCN), Department of Environmental Science [Lancaster], Lancaster University, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Institute of Meteorology, IROE ? CNR 'Nello Carrara', Geophysica-GEIE ? 'CNR', and EGU, Publication
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ice crystals, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Chemistry, Atmosphere, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Phase (matter), Tropical tropopause, Mixing ratio, ddc:550, Environmental science, Cirrus, Tropopause, Stratosphere, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Subvisible cirrus clouds (SVCs) may contribute to dehydration close to the tropical tropopause. The higher and colder SVCs and the larger their ice crystals, the more likely they represent the last efficient point of contact of the gas phase with the ice phase and, hence, the last dehydrating step, before the air enters the stratosphere. The first simultaneous in situ and remote sensing measurements of SVCs were taken during the APE-THESEO campaign in the western Indian ocean in February/March 1999. The observed clouds, termed Ultrathin Tropical Tropopause Clouds (UTTCs), belong to the geometrically and optically thinnest large-scale clouds in the Earth's atmosphere. Individual UTTCs may exist for many hours as an only 200--300 m thick cloud layer just a few hundred meters below the tropical cold point tropopause, covering up to 105 km2. With temperatures as low as 181 K these clouds are prime representatives for defining the water mixing ratio of air entering the lower stratosphere.
Published: 2003

18. One year boundary layer aerosol size distribution data from five Nordic background stations

Author: Erik Swietlicki, Mika Komppula, Markku Kulmala, Adam Kristensson, H.-C. Hansson, M. Dal Maso, Pasi Aalto, Peter Tunved, Hasse Karlsson, Y. Viisanen, Johan Ström, Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Department of Physics, Okayama University, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), and Division of Nuclear Physics
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Advection, business.industry, Taiga, Mode (statistics), Nucleation, Distribution (economics), 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Latitude, Aerosol, lcsh:Chemistry, Boundary layer, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, business, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Size distribution measurements performed at five different stations have been investigated during a one-year period between 01 June 2000 and 31 May 2001 with focus on diurnal, seasonal and geographical differences of size distribution properties. The stations involved cover a large geographical area ranging from the Finnish Lapland (67º N) down to southern Sweden (56º N) in the order Värriö, Pallas, Hyytiälä, Aspvreten and Vavihill. The shape of the size distribution is typically bimodal during winter with a larger fraction of accumulation mode particles compared to the other seasons. Highest Aitken mode concentration is found during summer and spring during the year of study. The maximum of nucleation events occur during the spring months at all stations. Nucleation events occur during other months as well, although not as frequently. Large differences were found between different categories of stations. Northerly located stations such as Pallas and Värriö presented well-separated Aitken and accumulation modes, while the two modes often overlap significantly at the two southernmost stations Vavihill and Aspvreten. A method to cluster trajectories was used to analyse the impact of long-range transport on the observed aerosol properties. Clusters of trajectories arriving from the continent were clearly associated with size distributions shifted towards the accumulation mode. This feature was more pronounced the further south the station was located. Marine- or Arctic-type clusters were associated with large variability in the nuclei size ranges. A quasi-lagrangian approach was used to investigate transport related changes in the aerosol properties. Typically, an increase in especially Aitken mode concentrations was observed when advection from the north occurs, i.e. allowing more continental influence on the aerosol when comparing the different measurement sites. When trajectory clusters arrive to the stations from SW, a gradual decrease in number concentration is experienced in all modes as latitude of measurement site increases.
Published: 2003

19. Ultrathin Tropical Tropopause Clouds (UTTCs): I. Cloud morphology and occurrence

Author: Peter, T., Luo, B. P., Wernli, H., Wirth, M., Kiemle, C., Flentje, H., Yushkov, V. A., Khattatov, V., Rudakov, V., Thomas, A., Borrmann, S., Toci, G., Mazzinghi, P., Beuermann, J., Schiller, C., Cairo, F., Di Don-Francesco, G., Adriani, A., Volk, C. M., Strom, J., Noone, K., Mitev, V., Mackenzie, R. A., Carslaw, K. S., Trautmann, T., Santacesaria, V., Stefanutti, L., EGU, Publication, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute for Atmospheric Physics [Mainz] (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Quantum Electronics Institute, National Institute of Applied Optics, Institute I: Stratosphere, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik [Frankfurt], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, Department of Meteorology [Stockholm] (MISU), Observatoire cantonal, Department of Environmental Science [Lancaster], Lancaster University, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Institute of Meteorology, IROE &ndash, and Geophysica-GEIE &ndash
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: International audience; Subvisible cirrus clouds (SVCs) may contribute to dehydration close to the tropical tropopause. The higher and colder SVCs and the larger their ice crystals, the more likely they represent the last efficient point of contact of the gas phase with the ice phase and, hence, the last dehydrating step, before the air enters the stratosphere. The first simultaneous in situ and remote sensing measurements of SVCs were taken during the APE-THESEO campaign in the western Indian ocean in February/March 1999. The observed clouds, termed Ultrathin Tropical Tropopause Clouds (UTTCs), belong to the geometrically and optically thinnest large-scale clouds in the Earth's atmosphere. Individual UTTCs may exist for many hours as an only 200?300 m thick cloud layer just a few hundred meters below the tropical cold point tropopause, covering up to 105 km2. With temperatures as low as 181 K these clouds are prime representatives for defining the water mixing ratio of air entering the lower stratosphere.
Published: 2003

20. Water vapour measurements inside cirrus clouds in Northern and Southern hemispheres during INCA

Author: Ovarlez, J., Gayet, J. -F, Gierens, K., Ström, J., Ovarlez, H., Auriol, F., Busen, R., Ulrich Schumann, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2002
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. In situ observations of a reduction in effective crystal diameter in cirrus clouds near flight corridors

Author: Adam Kristensson, Jean-François Gayet, Frédérique Auriol, Johan Ström, Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: In situ, Effective radius, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Ice crystals, Cloud physics, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Effective diameter, Crystal, Geophysics, Crystal size distribution, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Cirrus, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Measurements of the crystal size distribution performed over Southern Germany show that the effective diameter decrease 10-30% in cirrus clouds perturbed by aircraft. The reduction is more pronounced at higher cloud water content and is not observed at temperatures warmer than-30øC.
Published: 2000
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Modelling cloud processing of aerosol during the ACE-2 HILLCLOUD experiment

Author: Keith Bower, Göran Frank, Michael Flynn, Paolo Laj, Hans Karlsson, Wolfram Wobrock, Hans Christen Hansson, Bengt G. Martinsson, Thomas Choularton, Jyrki M. Mäkelä, University of Manchester [Manchester], School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEAES), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics, Tampere University of Technology [Tampere] (TUT), Lund University [Lund], Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm], Stockholm University, and MOITRIER, Catherine
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Airflow, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Wind speed, Spectral line, Trace gas, Aerosol, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ammonia, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Nitric acid, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; A numerical model has been used to simulate the conditions observed during the ACE-2 Hillcloud experiment and to study the processes which may be taking place. The model incorporates gas phase chemistry of sulphur and nitrogen compounds upstream of the cloud, and the interaction of aerosol, precursor trace gases and oxidants within the cloud. Gas phase and aerosol inputs to the model have been provided from measurements made in the field. Dynamics of the air flow over the hill consisted of simple prescribed dynamics based on wind speed measurements, and also for some cases modelled dynamics. In this modelling study, it was found that during clean case studies particles down to 40-55 nm diameter were activated to form cloud droplets, the total number of droplets formed ranging from 200 to 400 drops/cm3. Significant modification of the aerosol spectra due to cloud processing was observed. In polluted cases particles down to 65-80 nm diameter were activated to form cloud droplets, the total number of droplets ranging from 800 to 2800 drops/cm3. Modification of the aerosol spectra due to cloud processing was slight. In all cases, changes in the aerosol spectra were due to both the uptake of HNO 3 , HCl, NH 3 and SO 2 from the gas phase, (the SO 2 being oxidised to sulphate) and the repartitioning of species such as HNO 3 , HCl, and NH 3 from larger particles onto smaller ones. Modelling results have been compared with observations made. Modelled droplet numbers are typically within 20% of the best measured values. The mode of the droplet distribution typically around 10-20 mm for clean cases and 4-8 mm for polluted cases was found to be in good agreement with the measured values of 10-25 mm for clean cases, but not in such good agreement for polluted cases. Measurements of upwind and interstitial aerosol distributions showed that the smallest particles activated were 30 and 50 nm for clean and polluted cases respectively, slightly smaller than the model values quoted above. Measured upwind and downwind aerosol spectra showed similar modification to that predicted by the model in eight out of the eleven model runs carried out. Chemistry measurements also give general evidence for both the uptake of species from the gas phase, and repartitioning of species from large particles onto smaller ones, though comparisons for individual cases are more difficult. From this modelling study, it can be concluded that in general, in the remote environment the exchange of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and ammonia between aerosol particles and take up from the gas phase in the vicinity of cloud may be a very important mechanism in regulating the evolution of the aerosol spectrum. Further, the much more linear relationship between cloud droplet and accumulation mode aerosol number, which was observed in the measurements made during the ACE-2 HILLCLOUD project is supported by these modelling results. The implications of this for the indirect effect will be explored in future work.
Published: 2000

23. Single particle analysis of the accumulation mode aerosol over the northeast Amazonian tropical rain forest, Surinam, South America

Author: Radovan Krejci, Johan Ström, M. de Reus, W. Sahle, Department of Meteorology [Stockholm] (MISU), Stockholm University, Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and National Institute of Working Life
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, food.ingredient, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mixed layer, Sea salt, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, Mineral dust, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, Troposphere, food, Altitude, 13. Climate action, Tropical vegetation, Environmental science, Outflow, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Single particle analysis of aerosols particles larger than 0.2 μm diameter was performed on 24 samples collected over Surinam tropical rain forest and in the adjacent marine boundary layer (MBL) during the LBA-CLAIRE 98 campaign in March 1998. Elemental composition and morphology of 2308 particles was determined using SEM-EDX. The aerosol particles were divided into seven groups according to their chemical composition: organic particles, mineral dust, aged mineral dust, sea salt, aged sea salt, Ca-rich, and biogenic aerosol. However the organic material in aerosol particles cannot be identified directly by SEM-EDX, we present indirect method of detection of organic material using this technique. Samples were further divided with respect to the distinct atmospheric layers present in the tropical troposphere including MBL, continental mixed layer, cloud convective layer, free troposphere and region of deep convection outflow. The organic and mineral dust particles are two major groups observed over the rainforest. In the MBL also sea salt particles represented a large fraction between 15 and 27%. The organic particles control much of the chemical characteristic of the aerosol in the continental tropical troposphere. Their abundance ranged from less than 20% in the MBL to more than 90% in the free troposphere between 4.5- and 12.6-km altitude. During the transport of the air masses from the MBL over the rain forest, fraction of organic aerosol particles more than doubled, reaching 40–60% in the continental boundary layer. This increase was attributed to direct emissions of biogenic aerosols from the tropical vegetation. The high fraction of the organic accumulation mode particles in the upper tropical troposphere could be a good indicator for the air masses originated over the tropical rain forest.

24. The study of the mercury cycle in polar regions: An international study in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

Author: Christophe Ferrari, Pierre-Alexis Gauchard, Olivier Magand, Katrine Aspmo, Christian Temme, Alexandra Steffen, Torunn Berg, Johan Strom, Aurelien Dommergue, Enno Bahlmann, Frédéric Planchon, Ralf Ebinghaus, Cathy Banic, Sonia Nagorski, Patrick Baussand, Pierre Amato, Xavier Fain, Raphaelle Hennebelle, Delort, A. M., Martine Sancelme, Warren Cairns, Carlo Barbante, Paolo Cescon, Lars Kaleschke, Claude Boutron, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), GKSS-Research Center, Institute for Coastal Research, Air Quality Research Branch, Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institute of Applied Environmental Research (ITM), Stockholm University, Environmental Sciences Department, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Groupe de Recherche sur l'Environnement et la Chimie Atmosphérique (GRECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), SEESIB, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Synthèse et étude de systèmes à intêret biologique (SEESIB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, human activities
Abstract: International audience; Mercury (Hg) is a toxic pollutant and it can be strongly accumulated in the food chain, especially in Polar Regions. This paper presents a part of the work that has been on-going for 3-4 years in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard within the frame of an international collaboration. In Ny-Alesund in spring 2003, the atmospheric chemistry of mercury has been studied so as to better understand the formation of oxidized mercury species in the atmosphere that could be deposited onto snow surfaces. The role of snow as a potential source of mercury to the atmosphere or as a sink has also been approached to better understand the behavior of this metal. Chemical and biological processes seem to play a major role in Hg storage in snow. When melting, snow could be a major source of Hg into the various ecosystems and this toxin could therefore be accumulated into the food chain.

25. Explicit simulations of aerosol physics in a cloud-resolving model: A sensitivity study based on an observed convective cloud

Author: Annica M. L. Ekman, Chen Wang, J. Wilson, Johan Ström, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), and Stockholm University
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Population, Nucleation, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, education, Scavenging, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Physics, education.field_of_study, Ice crystals, Chemistry, Condensation, respiratory system, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: International audience; The role of convection in introducing aerosols and promoting the formation of new particles to the upper troposphere has been examined using a cloud-resolving model coupled with an interactive explicit aerosol module. A baseline simulation suggests good agreement in the upper troposphere between modeled and observed results including concentrations of aerosols in different size ranges, mole fractions of key chemical species, and concentrations of ice particles. In addition, a set of 34 sensitivity simulations has been carried out to investigate the sensitivity of modeled results to the treatment of various aerosol physical and chemical processes in the model. The size distribution of aerosols is proved to be an important factor in determining the aerosols' fate within the convective cloud. Nucleation mode aerosols (here defined by 0?d?5.84 nm) are quickly transferred to the larger modes as they grow through coagulation of aerosols and condensation of H2SO4. Accumulation mode aerosols (here defined by d?31.0 nm) are almost completely removed by nucleation (activation of cloud droplets) and impact scavenging. However, a substantial part (up to 10% of the boundary layer concentration) of the Aitken mode aerosol population (here defined by 5.84 nm?d?31.0 nm) reaches the top of the cloud and the free troposphere. These particles may continually survive in the upper troposphere, or over time form ice crystals, both that could impact on the atmospheric radiative budget. The sensitivity simulations performed indicate that critical processes in the model causing a substantial change in the upper tropospheric number concentration of Aitken mode aerosols are coagulation of aerosols, condensation of H2SO4, nucleation scavenging, nucleation of aerosols and the transfer of aerosol mass and number between different aerosol bins. In particular, for aerosols in the Aitken mode to grow to CCN size, coagulation of aerosols appears to be more important than condensation of H2SO4. Less important processes are dry deposition, impact scavenging and the initial vertical distribution and concentration of aerosols. It is interesting to note that in order to sustain a vigorous storm cloud, the supply of CCN must be continuous over a considerably long time period of the simulation. Hence, the treatment of the growth of particles is in general much more important than the initial aerosol concentration itself.

26. Application of the variability-size relationship to atmospheric aerosol studies: estimating aerosol lifetimes and ages

Author: Horst Fischer, Radovan Krejci, Jonathan Williams, Johan Ström, M. de Reus, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), and Stockholm University
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, Atmosphere, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, Boundary layer, Altitude, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Particle, Environmental science, Particle size, Residence time (statistics), lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Aerosol variability is examined as function of particle size for data collected over the Northern Indian Ocean in February 1999 as part of the INDOEX experiment. It was found that for particles believed to be of terrestrial or oceanic origin, the variability correlated with the average number concentration. For particles that are thought to be formed and grow in the atmosphere through coagulation and condensation an anticorrelation was observed, the minimum in variability coinciding with the maximum in the number concentration. Three altitude ranges were examined (0--1, 4--8 and 8--13 km) and the minimum in variability was found to occur at lower particle sizes in the free troposphere (0.065 mm) than in the boundary layer (0.165 mm). The observed variability has been compared to that generated by a numerical model in order to determine the relative importance of the physical processes. Modelled variability of 0.02 mm particles caused by nucleation was not observed in the measurements. A previously derived empirical relationship for aerosol residence time was compared with the measured variability as a function of bin size. The aerosol variability / residence time relationship was characterised by a coefficient (b) at all altitudes and for both correlating and anticorrelating regimes. By combining the derived coefficient with the model predicted lifetime for 0.020 mm particles we estimated residence times and ages as a function of particle size and altitude. General agreement was found with previous estimates of aerosol residence time. In the upper atmosphere aerosols of 0.065 mm in size have residence times of approximately 1 month and can be transported on a hemispheric scale. The same size aerosol has a lifetime one order of magnitude less in the boundary layer and therefore will not be transported far from the source regions.

27. Ultrathin Tropical Tropopause Clouds (UTTCs): II. Stabilization mechanisms

Author: Cornelius Schiller, P. Mazzinghi, G. Di Donfrancesco, Heini Wernli, Leopoldo Stefanutti, Martin Wirth, Francesco Cairo, Alberto Adriani, V. Rudakov, Vladimir Yushkov, V. Khattatov, Valentin Mitev, Th. Peter, R. MacKenzie, Christoph Kiemle, Guido Toci, J. Beuermann, Kevin J. Noone, Andreas Thomas, Johan Ström, Stephan Fueglistaler, C. M. Volk, Harald Flentje, B. P. Luo, Kenneth S. Carslaw, V. Santacesaria, Thomas Trautmann, Stephan Borrmann, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute for Atmospheric Physics [Mainz] (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Quantum Electronics Institute, National Institute of Applied Optics, Institute I: Stratosphere, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik [Frankfurt], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institute of Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, Department of Meteorology [Stockholm] (MISU), Observatoire cantonal, Department of Environmental Science [Lancaster], Lancaster University, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Institute of Meteorology, IROE ? CNR ?Nello Carrara', Geophysica-GEIE ? ?CNR', EGU, Publication, IROE &NDASH CNR 'Nello Carrara', and Geophysica-GEIE &ndash
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Supersaturation, Work (thermodynamics), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Evaporation, Atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Liquid water content, 13. Climate action, Phase (matter), Tropical tropopause, ddc:550, Upwelling, Cirrus, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, UTTCs, ultrathin tropical tropospause
Abstract: Mechanisms by which subvisible cirrus clouds (SVCs) might contribute to dehydration close to the tropical tropopause are not well understood. Recently Ultrathin Tropical Tropopause Clouds (UTTCs) with optical depths around 10-4 have been detected in the western Indian ocean. These clouds cover thousands of square kilometers as 200-300 m thick distinct and homogeneous layer just below the tropical tropopause. In their condensed phase UTTCs contain only 1-5% of the total water, and essentially no nitric acid. A new cloud stabilization mechanism is required to explain this small fraction of the condensed water content in the clouds and their small vertical thickness. This work suggests a mechanism, which forces the particles into a thin layer, based on upwelling of the air of some mm/s to balance the ice particles, supersaturation with respect to ice above and subsaturation below the UTTC. In situ measurements suggest that these requirements are fulfilled. The basic physical properties of this mechanism are explored by means of a single particle model. Comprehensive 1-D cloud simulations demonstrate this stabilization mechanism to be robust against rapid temperature fluctuations of +/- 0.5 K. However, rapid warming (Δ T > 2 K) leads to evaporation of the UTTC, while rapid cooling (Δ T < -2 K) leads to destabilization of the particles with the potential for significant dehydration below the cloud

28. Prediction of large variation in biota to sediment accumulation factors due to concentration-dependent black carbon adsorption of planar hydrophobic organic compounds.

Author: Cornelissen G and Gustafsson O
Subjects: Adsorption, Biodiversity, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Models, Theoretical, Polychlorinated Biphenyls metabolism, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons metabolism, Carbon chemistry, Polychlorinated Biphenyls chemistry, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons chemistry, Soil Pollutants metabolism
Abstract: Biota-to-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) sometimes show large variations between sites for a given planar hydrophobic organic compound (pHOC) in a given organism. We present a framework in which strong adsorption to soot/charcoal (black carbon [BC]) explains such BSAF variations. Recently constrained parameters on environmental BC sorption were used in a dual-mode sorption model of BSAE Variations in sedimentary BC content are shown to explain variations in BSAF of one to two orders of magnitude. In addition, strong BC sorption can explain the often-observed difference in BSAF between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The strong nonlinearity of BC sorption can render BSAF values strongly concentration-dependent for a given sediment/organism/compound combination, so it is of paramount importance to carry out uptake and toxicity tests at the relevant environmental concentrations.
Published: 2005
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28 results on '"Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm]"'

1. A global analysis of climate-relevant aerosol properties retrieved from the network of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) near-surface observatories

2. Global analysis of continental boundary layer new particle formation based on long-term measurements

3. Identification of topographic features influencing aerosol observations at high altitude stations

4. An agenda for sustainability transitions research: State of the art and future directions

5. Observations of Manaus urban plume evolution and interaction with biogenic emissions in GoAmazon 2014/5

6. Effects of mixing state on optical and radiative properties of black carbon in the European Arctic

7. Multi-year statistical and modeling analysis of submicrometer aerosol number size distributions at a rain forest site in Amazonia

8. Ground based in situ measurements of arctic cloud microphysical and optical properties at Mount Zeppelin (Ny-Alesund Svalbard)

9. Study of the origin of atmospheric mercury depletion events recorded in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, spring 2003

10. An investigation of processes controlling the evolution of the boundary layer aerosol size distribution properties at the Swedish background station Aspvreten

11. Primary versus secondary contributions to particle number concentrations in the European boundary layer

12. Characterization and intercomparison of aerosol absorption photometers: result of two intercomparison workshops

13. Modelling the cloud condensation nucleus activity of organic acids

14. Light scattering by single ice crystals of cirrus clouds

15. Application of osmolality for the determination of water activity and the modelling of cloud formation

16. Explicit simulation of aerosol physics in a cloud-resolving model

17. Ultrathin Tropical Tropopause Clouds (UTTCs) : I. Cloud morphology and occurrence

18. One year boundary layer aerosol size distribution data from five Nordic background stations

19. Ultrathin Tropical Tropopause Clouds (UTTCs): I. Cloud morphology and occurrence

20. Water vapour measurements inside cirrus clouds in Northern and Southern hemispheres during INCA

21. In situ observations of a reduction in effective crystal diameter in cirrus clouds near flight corridors

22. Modelling cloud processing of aerosol during the ACE-2 HILLCLOUD experiment

23. Single particle analysis of the accumulation mode aerosol over the northeast Amazonian tropical rain forest, Surinam, South America

24. The study of the mercury cycle in polar regions: An international study in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard

25. Explicit simulations of aerosol physics in a cloud-resolving model: A sensitivity study based on an observed convective cloud

26. Application of the variability-size relationship to atmospheric aerosol studies: estimating aerosol lifetimes and ages

27. Ultrathin Tropical Tropopause Clouds (UTTCs): II. Stabilization mechanisms

28. Prediction of large variation in biota to sediment accumulation factors due to concentration-dependent black carbon adsorption of planar hydrophobic organic compounds.

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28 results on '"Institute for Applied Environmental Research [Stockholm]"'

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