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1. Temporal perturbation of ERK dynamics reveals network architecture of FGF2/MAPK signaling

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Blum, Yannick, Mikelson, Jan, Dobrzyński, Maciej, Ryu, Hyunryul, Jacques, Marc‐Antoine, Jeon, Noo L., Khammash, Mustafa, Pertz, Olivier, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Blum, Yannick, Mikelson, Jan, Dobrzyński, Maciej, Ryu, Hyunryul, Jacques, Marc‐Antoine, Jeon, Noo L., Khammash, Mustafa, and Pertz, Olivier

Abstract

Stimulation of PC‐12 cells with epidermal (EGF) versus nerve (NGF) growth factors (GFs) biases the distribution between transient and sustained single‐cell ERK activity states, and between proliferation and differentiation fates within a cell population. We report that fibroblast GF (FGF2) evokes a distinct behavior that consists of a gradually changing population distribution of transient/sustained ERK signaling states in response to increasing inputs in a dose response. Temporally controlled GF perturbations of MAPK signaling dynamics applied using microfluidics reveal that this wider mix of ERK states emerges through the combination of an intracellular feedback, and competition of FGF2 binding to FGF receptors (FGFRs) and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) co‐receptors. We show that the latter experimental modality is instructive for model selection using a Bayesian parameter inference. Our results provide novel insights into how different receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) systems differentially wire the MAPK network to fine‐tune fate decisions at the cell population level.

Published
2024

2. Uniting activity design principles of anode catalysts for direct liquid fuel cells

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zheng, Daniel J, Peng, Jiayu, McCormack, Kaylee, Xu, Hongbin, Kang, Jin Soo, Wang, Zhenshu, Ren, Zhichu, Li, Ju, Román-Leshkov, Yuriy, Shao-Horn, Yang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zheng, Daniel J, Peng, Jiayu, McCormack, Kaylee, Xu, Hongbin, Kang, Jin Soo, Wang, Zhenshu, Ren, Zhichu, Li, Ju, Román-Leshkov, Yuriy, and Shao-Horn, Yang

Abstract

Direct liquid fuel cells have advantages over hydrogen-based fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries for portable and mobile applications due to their high volumetric energy density and the convenient storage or refueling of liquid fuels. Unfortunately, the electrochemical oxidation of liquid fuels (such as methanol, ethanol, and formic acid) currently corresponds to ∼50% of the energy losses of these devices at operating conditions. Moreover, state-of-the-art catalysts for such critical reactions are generally composed of precious metals such as Pt and Pd, hindering the cost-effective implementation of these technologies. The development of novel catalyst design principles for electrochemical liquid fuel oxidation has been constrained by its complex, structure-sensitive reaction energetics that can involve multiple parallel, competitive reaction intermediates and pathways. In this review, we aim to dissect and bridge the understanding of fundamental energetics and the materials engineering of novel catalysts for the electrochemical oxidation of various liquid fuels. By deconvoluting these reactions into the energetics of different critical elementary steps, we define essential descriptors that govern the activity and selectivity of electrochemical liquid fuel oxidation. Several universal and fundamental design principles are proposed to optimize the catalytic performance of state-to-the-art and emerging electrocatalysts by tuning the chemistry and electronic structure of active sites. This review aims to provide a unique perspective connecting the electro-oxidation energetics of different liquid fuels with mechanistic and materials-centric studies to provide a holistic picture connecting the fundamental surface science with materials engineering for the rational design of electrocatalysts for liquid fuel oxidation.

Published
2024

3. Fabrication Strategies for 2D Halide Perovskite Towards Next-Generation Optoelectronic Applications

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cho, Seong H., Jung, Yonghoon, Jang, Yeoun-Woo, Kim, Hyemin, Kim, Jaehyeon, Lim, Changhyun, Park, Ki-Tae, Kim, Seongheon, Chu, Young H., Kim, Taehoon, Lee, Jieun, Lee, Changhee, Park, Junhyoung, Yoon, Kyung T., Eom, Dongguen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Cho, Seong H., Jung, Yonghoon, Jang, Yeoun-Woo, Kim, Hyemin, Kim, Jaehyeon, Lim, Changhyun, Park, Ki-Tae, Kim, Seongheon, Chu, Young H., Kim, Taehoon, Lee, Jieun, Lee, Changhee, Park, Junhyoung, Yoon, Kyung T., and Eom, Dongguen

Abstract

Halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials in high-performance optoelectronics due to their exceptional optoelectrical properties, such as long carrier lifetime and tunable bandgap. Despite the promising capabilities of three-dimensional (3D) halide perovskites in applications like solar cells and light-emitting diodes, their operational stability remains a critical challenge. This review focuses on quasi-two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites, which offer enhanced stability through their reduced dimensionality. We discuss the unique properties of these materials, including the ability to modify optical and electronic characteristics by altering the organic cations and the layer number in the perovskite structure. Additionally, we review various fabrication techniques, highlighting the shift from traditional low-temperature solution processes to more advanced solid, liquid, and vapor-phase methods, which address the limitations of conventional fabrication and enhance material quality. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the development of stable and efficient 2D halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices, paving the way for their integration into next-generation optoelectronic applications.

Published
2024

4. Characterization of superconducting through-silicon vias as capacitive elements in quantum circuits

Author

Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Hazard, TM, Woods, W, Rosenberg, D, Das, R, Hirjibehedin, CF, Kim, DK, Knecht, JM, Mallek, J, Melville, A, Niedzielski, BM, Serniak, K, Sliwa, KM, Yost, DRW, Yoder, JL, Oliver, WD, Schwartz, ME, Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Hazard, TM, Woods, W, Rosenberg, D, Das, R, Hirjibehedin, CF, Kim, DK, Knecht, JM, Mallek, J, Melville, A, Niedzielski, BM, Serniak, K, Sliwa, KM, Yost, DRW, Yoder, JL, Oliver, WD, and Schwartz, ME

Abstract

The large physical size of superconducting qubits and their associated on-chip control structures presents a practical challenge toward building a large-scale quantum computer. In particular, transmons require a high-quality-factor shunting capacitance that is typically achieved by using a large coplanar capacitor. Other components, such as superconducting microwave resonators used for qubit state readout, are typically constructed from coplanar waveguides, which are millimeters in length. Here, we use compact superconducting through-silicon vias to realize lumped-element capacitors in both qubits and readout resonators to significantly reduce the on-chip footprint of both of these circuit elements. We measure two types of devices to show that through-silicon vias are of sufficient quality to be used as capacitive circuit elements and provide a significant reduction in size over existing approaches.

Published
2024

5. End-to-End Optimization of Metasurfaces for Imaging with Compressed Sensing

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Arya, Gaurav, Li, William F., Roques-Carmes, Charles, Soljačić, Marin, Johnson, Steven G., Lin, Zin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Arya, Gaurav, Li, William F., Roques-Carmes, Charles, Soljačić, Marin, Johnson, Steven G., and Lin, Zin

Abstract

We present a framework for the end-to-end optimization of metasurface imaging systems that reconstruct targets using compressed sensing, a technique for solving underdetermined imaging problems when the target object exhibits sparsity (e.g., the object can be described by a small number of nonzero values, but the positions of these values are unknown). We nest an iterative, unapproximated compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm into our end-to-end optimization pipeline, resulting in an interpretable, data-efficient method for maximally leveraging metaoptics to exploit object sparsity. We apply our framework to super-resolution imaging and high-resolution depth imaging with a phase-change material. In both situations, our end-to-end framework effectively optimizes metasurface structures for compressed sensing recovery, automatically balancing a number of complicated design considerations to select an imaging measurement matrix from a complex, physically constrained manifold with millions of dimensions. The optimized metasurface imaging systems are robust to noise, significantly improving over random scattering surfaces and approaching the ideal compressed sensing performance of a Gaussian matrix, showing how a physical metasurface system can demonstrably approach the mathematical limits of compressed sensing., Department of Defense (DoD)

Published
2024

6. A sub-wavelength Si LED integrated in a CMOS platform

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Li, Zheng, Xue, Jin, de Cea, Marc, Kim, Jaehwan, Nong, Hao, Chong, Daniel, Lim, Khee Yong, Quek, Elgin, Ram, Rajeev J., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Li, Zheng, Xue, Jin, de Cea, Marc, Kim, Jaehwan, Nong, Hao, Chong, Daniel, Lim, Khee Yong, Quek, Elgin, and Ram, Rajeev J.

Published
2024

7. Hermes: Boosting the Performance of Machine-Learning-Based Intrusion Detection System through Geometric Feature Learning

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Zhang, Chaoyu, Shi, Shanghao, Wang, Ning, Xu, Xiangxiang, Li, Shaoyu, Zheng, Lizhong, Marchany, Randy, Gardner, Mark, Hou, Y. Thomas, Lou, Wenjing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Zhang, Chaoyu, Shi, Shanghao, Wang, Ning, Xu, Xiangxiang, Li, Shaoyu, Zheng, Lizhong, Marchany, Randy, Gardner, Mark, Hou, Y. Thomas, and Lou, Wenjing

Abstract

MobiHoc '24: Twenty-fifth International Symposium on Theory, Algorithmic Foundations, and Protocol Design for Mobile Networks and Mobile Computing Athens Greece October 14 - 17, 2024, Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) have been extensively researched for their ability to detect zero-day attacks. These systems establish a baseline of normal behavior using benign traffic data and flag deviations from this norm as potential threats. They generally experience higher false alarm rates than signature-based IDSs. Unlike image data, where the observed features provide immediate utility, raw network traffic necessitates additional processing for effective detection. It is challenging to learn useful patterns directly from raw traffic data or simple traffic statistics (e.g., connection duration, package inter-arrival time) as the complex relationships are difficult to distinguish. Therefore, some feature engineering becomes imperative to extract and transform raw data into new feature representations that can directly improve the detection capability and reduce the false positive rate. We propose a geometric feature learning method to optimize the feature extraction process. We employ contrastive feature learning to learn a feature space where normal traffic instances reside in a compact cluster. We further utilize H-Score feature learning to maximize the compactness of the cluster representing the normal behavior, enhancing the subsequent anomaly detection performance. Our evaluations using the NSL-KDD and N-BaloT datasets demonstrate that the proposed IDS powered by feature learning can consistently outperform state-of-the-art anomaly-based IDS methods by significantly lowering the false positive rate. Furthermore, we deploy the proposed IDS on a Raspberry Pi 4 and demonstrate its applicability on resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices, highlighting its versatility for diverse application scenarios.

Published
2024

8. Perovskite nanocomposites: synthesis, properties, and applications from renewable energy to optoelectronics

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Choi, Yunseok, Han, Sangmoon, Park, Bo-In, Xu, Zhihao, Huang, Qingge, Bae, Sanggeun, Kim, Justin S., Kim, Sun O., Meng, Yuan, Kim, Seung‐Il, Moon, Ji‐Yun, Roh, Ilpyo, Park, Ji-Won, Bae, Sang‑Hoon, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Choi, Yunseok, Han, Sangmoon, Park, Bo-In, Xu, Zhihao, Huang, Qingge, Bae, Sanggeun, Kim, Justin S., Kim, Sun O., Meng, Yuan, Kim, Seung‐Il, Moon, Ji‐Yun, Roh, Ilpyo, Park, Ji-Won, and Bae, Sang‑Hoon

Abstract

The oxide and halide perovskite materials with a ABX3 structure exhibit a number of excellent properties, including a high dielectric constant, electrochemical properties, a wide band gap, and a large absorption coefficient. These properties have led to a range of applications, including renewable energy and optoelectronics, where high-performance catalysts are needed. However, it is difficult for a single structure of perovskite alone to simultaneously fulfill the diverse needs of multiple applications, such as high performance and good stability at the same time. Consequently, perovskite nanocomposites have been developed to address the current limitations and enhance their functionality by combining perovskite with two or more materials to create complementary materials. This review paper categorizes perovskite nanocomposites according to their structural composition and outlines their synthesis methodologies, as well as their applications in various fields. These include fuel cells, electrochemical water splitting, CO2 mitigation, supercapacitors, and optoelectronic devices. Additionally, the review presents a summary of their research status, practical challenges, and future prospects in the fields of renewable energy and electronics.

Published
2024

9. Heterogeneous integration of high-k complex-oxide gate dielectrics on wide band-gap high-electron-mobility transistors

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ji, Jongho, Yang, Jeong Yong, Lee, Sangho, Kim, Seokgi, Yeom, Min Jae, Lee, Gyuhyung, Shin, Heechang, Bae, Sang-Hoon, Ahn, Jong-Hyun, Kim, Sungkyu, Kim, Jeehwan, Yoo, Geonwook, Kum, Hyun S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ji, Jongho, Yang, Jeong Yong, Lee, Sangho, Kim, Seokgi, Yeom, Min Jae, Lee, Gyuhyung, Shin, Heechang, Bae, Sang-Hoon, Ahn, Jong-Hyun, Kim, Sungkyu, Kim, Jeehwan, Yoo, Geonwook, and Kum, Hyun S.

Published
2024

10. Thermography of the superfluid transition in a strongly interacting Fermi gas

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Yan, Zhenjie, Patel, Parth B., Mukherjee, Biswaroop, Vale, Chris J., Fletcher, Richard J., Zwierlein, Martin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Yan, Zhenjie, Patel, Parth B., Mukherjee, Biswaroop, Vale, Chris J., Fletcher, Richard J., and Zwierlein, Martin

Abstract

Heat transport is a fundamental property of all physical systems and can serve as a fingerprint identifying different states of matter. In a normal liquid a hot spot diffuses while in a superfluid heat propagates as a wave called second sound. Despite its importance for understanding quantum materials, direct imaging of heat transport is challenging, and one usually resorts to detecting secondary effects, such as changes in density or pressure. Here we establish thermography of a strongly interacting atomic Fermi gas, a paradigmatic system whose properties relate to strongly correlated electrons, nuclear matter and neutron stars. Just as the color of a glowing metal reveals its temperature, the radiofrequency spectrum of the interacting Fermi gas provides spatially resolved thermometry with sub-nanokelvin resolution. The superfluid phase transition is directly observed as the sudden change from thermal diffusion to second sound propagation, and is accompanied by a peak in the second sound diffusivity. The method yields the full heat and density response of the strongly interacting Fermi gas, and therefore all defining properties of Landau’s two-fluid hydrodynamics. Our measurements serve as a benchmark for theories of transport in strongly interacting fermionic matter.

Published
2024

11. Observation of a Prethermal U(1) Discrete Time Crystal

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Stasiuk, Andrew, Cappellaro, Paola, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Stasiuk, Andrew, and Cappellaro, Paola

Abstract

A time crystal is a state of periodically driven matter that breaks discrete time-translation symmetry. Time crystals have been demonstrated experimentally in various programmable quantum simulators, and they exemplify how nonequilibrium, driven quantum systems can exhibit intriguing and robust properties absent in systems at equilibrium. These robust driven states need to be stabilized by some mechanism, with the preeminent candidates being many-body localization and prethermalization. This introduces additional constraints that make it challenging to experimentally observe time crystallinity in naturally occurring systems. Recent theoretical work has developed the notion of prethermalization without temperature, expanding the class of time-crystal systems to explain time-crystalline observations at (or near) infinite temperature. In this work, we conclusively observe the emergence of a prethermal U(1) time-crystalline state at quasi-infinite temperature in a solid-state NMR quantum emulator by verifying the requisites of prethermalization without temperature. In addition to observing the signature period-doubling behavior, we show the existence of a long-lived prethermal regime whose lifetime is significantly enhanced by strengthening an emergent U(1) conservation law. Not only do we measure this enhancement through the global magnetization, but we also exploit on-site disorder to measure local observables, ruling out the possibility of many-body localization and confirming the emergence of long-range correlations.

Published
2024

12. Toward understanding the role of the electric double layer structure and electrolyte effects on well-defined interfaces for electrocatalysis

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Sebastián-Pascual, Paula, Shao-Horn, Yang, Escudero-Escribano, María, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Sebastián-Pascual, Paula, Shao-Horn, Yang, and Escudero-Escribano, María

Abstract

The interplay between the structure and composition of the electric double layer and the surface charge controls the electrocatalytic activity of reactions central to decarbonization of chemical fuels and materials. The employed electrolyte can affect the charge distribution and the electric field on the interface, which also alters the local pH and ordering of the water-solvent network. Additionally, the electrolyte plays a key role in stabilizing or destabilizing the adsorbed intermediates via non-covalent bonds, or poisons the surface and induces surface reconstruction, affecting the reactivity of the active sites positions. Herein, we discuss, from an experimental perspective, electrolyte effects on different interfacial properties relevant to electrocatalysis.

Published
2024

13. Quantum Algorithm for Petz Recovery Channels and Pretty Good Measurements

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Gilyén, András, Lloyd, Seth, Marvian, Iman, Quek, Yihui, Wilde, Mark M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Gilyén, András, Lloyd, Seth, Marvian, Iman, Quek, Yihui, and Wilde, Mark M.

Abstract

The Petz recovery channel plays an important role in quantum information science as an operation that approximately reverses the effect of a quantum channel. The pretty good measurement is a special case of the Petz recovery channel, and it allows for near-optimal state discrimination. A hurdle to the experimental realization of these vaunted theoretical tools is the lack of a systematic and efficient method to implement them. This Letter sets out to rectify this lack: Using the recently developed tools of quantum singular value transformation and oblivious amplitude amplification, we provide a quantum algorithm to implement the Petz recovery channel when given the ability to perform the channel that one wishes to reverse. Moreover, we prove that, in some sense, our quantum algorithm's usage of the channel implementation cannot be improved by more than a quadratic factor. Our quantum algorithm also provides a procedure to perform pretty good measurements when given multiple copies of the states that one is trying to distinguish.

Published
2024

14. Atomic layer-by-layer etching of graphene directly grown on SrTiO3 substrates for high-yield remote epitaxy and lift-off

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kim, Ki Seok, Kang, Ji Eun, Chen, Peng, Kim, Sungkyu, Ji, Jongho, Yeom, Geun Young, Kim, Jeehwan, Kum, Hyun S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kim, Ki Seok, Kang, Ji Eun, Chen, Peng, Kim, Sungkyu, Ji, Jongho, Yeom, Geun Young, Kim, Jeehwan, and Kum, Hyun S.

Abstract

Epitaxial lift-off techniques, which aim to separate ultrathin single-crystalline epitaxial layers off of the substrate, are becoming increasingly important due to the need of lightweight and flexible devices for heterogeneously integrated ultracompact semiconductor platforms and bioelectronics. Remote epitaxy is a relatively newly discovered epitaxial lift-off technique that allows substrate-seeded epitaxial growth of ultrathin films through few layers of graphene. This universal epitaxial lift-off technique allows freestanding single-crystal membrane fabrication very quickly at low cost. However, the conventional method of remote epitaxy requires transfer of graphene grown on another substrate to the target single-crystalline substrate, which results in organic and metallic residues as well as macroscopic defects such as cracks and wrinkles, significantly reducing the yield of remote epitaxy. Here, we show that direct growth of thick graphene on the target single-crystalline substrate (SrTiO3 for this study) followed by atomic layer etching (ALE) of the graphene layers create a defect- and residue-free graphene surface for high yield remote epitaxy. We find that the ALE efficiently removes one atomic layer of graphene per cycle, while also clearing multi-dots (clumps of carbon atoms) that form during nucleation of the graphene layers. Our results show that direct-grown graphene on the desired substrate accompanied by ALE might potentially be an ideal pathway toward commercialization of remote epitaxy.

Published
2024

15. Cation-Dependent Multielectron Kinetics of Metal Oxide Splitting

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lunger, Jaclyn R., Lutz, Naomi, Peng, Jiayu, Bajdich, Michal, Shao-Horn, Yang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lunger, Jaclyn R., Lutz, Naomi, Peng, Jiayu, Bajdich, Michal, and Shao-Horn, Yang

Abstract

Direct electrolytic extraction of metals from metal oxides is a promising process for the sustainable production of metals. In this work, we elucidate the inherent thermodynamic driving forces behind the reduction of metal oxides to metals (M-OER). It is shown that the thermodynamics of M-OER can be systematically tuned via the interactions of oxygen with the participating metal cations as a function of metal–oxygen covalency, oxygen–oxygen covalency, and metal–oxygen ionicity. We screen both group 1 elements and metals that are able to exist in the +2 oxidation state for M-OER thermodynamics. Li, Fe, and Co are identified as having low thermodynamic overpotentials for electrolytic extraction from their metal oxides due to interactions between oxygen and these metals being neither too strong (covalent) nor too weak (ionic). We further show that the bulk formation energies are predictive of M-OER reaction energetics on surfaces by developing unified design principles for tuning the thermodynamics of these reduction reactions both in bulk oxides and on surfaces.

Published
2024

16. Advanced Heterogeneous Integration Enabled by 3D Freestanding Membranes—From Material Growths to Applications

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Kim, Jeehwan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Kim, Jeehwan

Abstract

Conference: Materials Research Society, Boston, Nov 2022

Published
2024

17. Growth of Large-Area Single- and Bi-Layer Graphene by Controlled Carbon Precipitation on Polycrystalline Ni Surfaces

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Reina, Alfonso, Jia, Xiaoting, Bhaviripudi, Sreekar, Dresselhaus, Mildred, Kong, Jing, Thiele, Stefan, Schaefer, Juergen A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Reina, Alfonso, Jia, Xiaoting, Bhaviripudi, Sreekar, Dresselhaus, Mildred, Kong, Jing, Thiele, Stefan, and Schaefer, Juergen A.

Abstract

We report graphene films composed mostly of one or two layers of graphene grown by controlled carbon precipitation on the surface of polycrystalline Ni thin films during atmospheric chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Controlling both the methane concentration during CVD and the substrate cooling rate during graphene growth can significantly improve the thickness uniformity. As a result, one- or two- layer graphene regions occupy up to 87% of the film area. Single layer coverage accounts for 5%–11% of the overall film. These regions expand across multiple grain boundaries of the underlying polycrystalline Ni film. The number density of sites with multilayer graphene/graphite (>2 layers) is reduced as the cooling rate decreases. These films can also be transferred to other substrates and their sizes are only limited by the sizes of the Ni film and the CVD chamber. Here, we demonstrate the formation of films as large as 1 in2. These findings represent an important step towards the fabrication of large-scale high-quality graphene samples., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CTS 05-06830), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (DMR07-04197)

Published
2024

18. RAELLA: Reforming the Arithmetic for Efficient, Low-Resolution, and Low-Loss Analog PIM: No Retraining Required!

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Andrulis, Tanner, Emer, Joel, Sze, Vivienne, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Andrulis, Tanner, Emer, Joel, and Sze, Vivienne

Published
2023

19. Lightning: A Reconfigurable Photonic-Electronic SmartNIC for Fast and Energy-Efficient Inference

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Zhong, Zhizhen, Yang, Mingran, Lang, Jay, Williams, Christian, Kronman, Liam, Sludds, Alexander, Esfahanizadeh, Homa, Englund, Dirk, Ghobadi, Manya, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Zhong, Zhizhen, Yang, Mingran, Lang, Jay, Williams, Christian, Kronman, Liam, Sludds, Alexander, Esfahanizadeh, Homa, Englund, Dirk, and Ghobadi, Manya

Published
2023

20. Effects of Storage Temperatures on Nitrogen Assimilation and Remobilization during Post-Harvest Senescence of Pak Choi

Author

Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Dhandapani, Savitha, Philip, Vidya Susan, Nabeela Nasreen, Shaik Anwar Ahamed, Tan, Alice Mei Xien, Jayapal, Praveen Kumar, Ram, Rajeev J., Park, Bong Soo, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Dhandapani, Savitha, Philip, Vidya Susan, Nabeela Nasreen, Shaik Anwar Ahamed, Tan, Alice Mei Xien, Jayapal, Praveen Kumar, Ram, Rajeev J., and Park, Bong Soo

Abstract

In the agricultural industry, the post-harvest leafy vegetable quality and shelf life significantly influence market value and consumer acceptability. This study examined the effects of different storage temperatures on leaf senescence, nitrogen assimilation, and remobilization in Pak Choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis). Mature Pak Choi plants were harvested and stored at two different temperatures, 4 °C and 25 °C. Senescence was tracked via chlorophyll content and leaf yellowing. Concurrently, alterations in the total nitrogen, nitrate, and protein content were quantified on days 0, 3, 6, and 9 in old, mid, and young leaves of Pak Choi plants. As expected, 4 °C alleviated chlorophyll degradation and delayed senescence of Pak Choi compared to 25 °C. Total nitrogen and protein contents were inversely correlated, while the nitrate content remained nearly constant across leaf groups at 25 °C. Additionally, the transcript levels of genes involved in nitrogen assimilation and remobilization revealed key candidate genes that were differentially expressed between 4 °C and 25 °C, which might be targeted to extend the shelf life of the leafy vegetables. Thus, this study provides pivotal insights into the molecular and physiological responses of Pak Choi to post-harvest storage conditions.

Published
2023

21. Characterizing Temperature and Strain Variations with Qubit Ensembles for Their Robust Coherence Protection

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Wang, Guoqing, Barr, Ariel Rebekah, Tang, Hao, Chen, Mo, Li, Changhao, Xu, Haowei, Stasiuk, Andrew, Li, Ju, Cappellaro, Paola, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Wang, Guoqing, Barr, Ariel Rebekah, Tang, Hao, Chen, Mo, Li, Changhao, Xu, Haowei, Stasiuk, Andrew, Li, Ju, and Cappellaro, Paola

Abstract

National Science Foundation (NSF), DARPA, DTRA

Published
2023

22. Two-Photon Interface of Nuclear Spins Based on the Optonuclear Quadrupolar Effect

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Xu, Haowei, Li, Changhao, Wang, Guoqing, Wang, Hua, Tang, Hao, Barr, Ariel Rebekah, Cappellaro, Paola, Li, Ju, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Xu, Haowei, Li, Changhao, Wang, Guoqing, Wang, Hua, Tang, Hao, Barr, Ariel Rebekah, Cappellaro, Paola, and Li, Ju

Published
2023

23. Multiscale correlation of microvascular changes on optical coherence tomography angiography with retinal sensitivity in diabetic retinopathy

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Levine, Emily S, Moult, Eric M, Greig, Eugenia Custo, Zhao, Yi, Pramil, Varsha, Gendelman, Isaac, Alibhai, Agha Y, Baumal, Caroline R, Witkin, Andre J, Duker, Jay S, Fujimoto, James G, Waheed, Nadia K, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Levine, Emily S, Moult, Eric M, Greig, Eugenia Custo, Zhao, Yi, Pramil, Varsha, Gendelman, Isaac, Alibhai, Agha Y, Baumal, Caroline R, Witkin, Andre J, Duker, Jay S, Fujimoto, James G, and Waheed, Nadia K

Abstract

PURPOSE: To assess global, zonal, and local correlations between vessel density changes measured by optical coherence tomography angiography and retinal sensitivity measured by microperimetry across diabetic retinopathy severity. METHODS: Diabetic patients and nondiabetic controls underwent optical coherence tomography angiography imaging and microperimetry testing. Pearson's correlation was used to assess associations between average sensitivity and skeletonized vessel density (SVD) or foveal avascular zone area centrally. Linear mixed effects modeling was used to assess relationships between local SVD measurements and their spatially corresponding retinal sensitivity measurements. RESULTS: Thirty-nine eyes from 39 participants were imaged. In all slabs, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between retinal sensitivities and SVDs on both global and zonal scales. No statistically significant correlation was found between central retinal sensitivities and the foveal avascular zone areas. Assessment of 1,136 spatially paired retinal sensitivity and SVD measurements revealed a statistically significant local relationship; this seemed to be driven by eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy that had reduced retinal sensitivities. CONCLUSION: This study supports positive correlations between SVD and retinal sensitivity at global and zonal spatial scales in diabetic eyes. However, our analysis did not find evidence of statistically significant correlations between retinal sensitivity and SVD on a local scale until advanced diabetic retinopathy.

Published
2023

24. A Liquid Mirror Resonator

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Haber, Elad, Douvidzon, Mark, Maayani, Shai, Carmon, Tal, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Haber, Elad, Douvidzon, Mark, Maayani, Shai, and Carmon, Tal

Abstract

We present the first experimental demonstration of a Fabry‒Perot resonator that utilizes total internal reflection from a liquid–gas interface. Our hybrid resonator hosts both optical and capillary waves that mutually interact. Except for the almost perfect reflection by the oil–air interface at incident angles smaller than the critical angle, reflections from the liquid-phase boundary permit optically examining thermal fluctuations and capillary waves at the oil surface. Characterizing our optocapillary Fabry‒Perot reveals optical modes with transverse cross-sectional areas of various shapes and longitudinal modes that are separated by the free spectral range. The optical finesse of our hybrid optocapillary resonator is Fo = 60, the optical quality factor is Qo = 20 million, and the capillary quality factor is Qc = 6. By adjusting the wavelength of our laser near the optical resonance wavelength, we measure the liquid’s Brownian fluctuations. As expected, the low-viscosity liquid exhibits a distinct frequency of capillary oscillation, indicating operation in the underdamped regime. Conversely, going to the overdamped regime reveals no such distinct capillary frequency. Our optocapillary resonator might impact fundamental studies and applications in surface science by enabling optical interrogation, excitation, and cooling of capillary waves residing in a plane. Moreover, our optocapillary Fabry‒Perot might permit photographing thermal capillary oscillation, which the current state-of-the-art techniques do not support.

Published
2023

25. Printed Organic Photovoltaic Modules on Transferable Ultra‐thin Substrates as Additive Power Sources

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Saravanapavanantham, Mayuran, Mwaura, Jeremiah, Bulović, Vladimir, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Saravanapavanantham, Mayuran, Mwaura, Jeremiah, and Bulović, Vladimir

Abstract

Thin-film photovoltaics with functional components on the order of a few microns, present an avenue toward realizing additive power onto any surface of interest without excessive addition in weight and topography. To date, demonstrations of such ultra-thin photovoltaics have been limited to small-scale devices, often prepared on glass carrier substrates with only a few layers solution-processed. We demonstrate large-area, ultra-thin organic photovoltaic (PV) modules produced with scalable solution-based printing processes for all layers. We further demonstrate their transfer onto light-weight and high-strength composite fabrics, resulting in durable fabric-PV systems ∼50 microns thin, weighing under 1 gram over the module area (corresponding to an area density of 105 g m-2 ), and having a specific power of 370 W kg-1 . Integration of the ultra-thin modules onto composite fabrics lends mechanical resilience to allow these fabric-PV systems to maintain their performance even after 500 roll-up cycles. This approach to decouple the manufacturing and integration of photovoltaics enables new opportunities in ubiquitous energy generation.

Published
2023

26. Magnetically Actuated Fiber‐Based Soft Robots

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Lee, Youngbin, Koehler, Florian, Dillon, Tom, Loke, Gabriel, Kim, Yoonho, Marion, Juliette, Antonini, Marc‐Joseph, Garwood, Indie C, Sahasrabudhe, Atharva, Nagao, Keisuke, Zhao, Xuanhe, Fink, Yoel, Roche, Ellen T, Anikeeva, Polina, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Lee, Youngbin, Koehler, Florian, Dillon, Tom, Loke, Gabriel, Kim, Yoonho, Marion, Juliette, Antonini, Marc‐Joseph, Garwood, Indie C, Sahasrabudhe, Atharva, Nagao, Keisuke, Zhao, Xuanhe, Fink, Yoel, Roche, Ellen T, and Anikeeva, Polina

Abstract

Broad adoption of magnetic soft robotics is hampered by the sophisticated field paradigms for their manipulation and the complexities in controlling multiple devices. Furthermore, high‐throughput fabrication of such devices across spatial scales remains challenging. Here, advances in fiber‐based actuators and magnetic elastomer composites are leveraged to create 3D magnetic soft robots controlled by unidirectional fields. Thermally drawn elastomeric fibers are instrumented with a magnetic composite synthesized to withstand strains exceeding 600%. A combination of strain and magnetization engineering in these fibers enables programming of 3D robots capable of crawling or walking in magnetic fields orthogonal to the plane of motion. Magnetic robots act as cargo carriers, and multiple robots can be controlled simultaneously and in opposing directions using a single stationary electromagnet. The scalable approach to fabrication and control of magnetic soft robots invites their future applications in constrained environments where complex fields cannot be readily deployed.

Published
2023

27. The 5P3/2 → 6PJ (J=1/2,3/2) Electric Dipole Forbidden Transitions in Rubidium

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ponciano-Ojeda, Francisco, Mojica-Casique, Cristian, Hernández-Gómez, Santiago, Del Angel, Alberto, Hoyos-Campo, Lina M., Flores-Mijangos, Jesús, Ramírez-Martínez, Fernando, Sahagún Sánchez, Daniel, Jáuregui, Rocío, Jiménez-Mier, José, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ponciano-Ojeda, Francisco, Mojica-Casique, Cristian, Hernández-Gómez, Santiago, Del Angel, Alberto, Hoyos-Campo, Lina M., Flores-Mijangos, Jesús, Ramírez-Martínez, Fernando, Sahagún Sánchez, Daniel, Jáuregui, Rocío, and Jiménez-Mier, José

Abstract

This paper presents a general review of the results of the experimental and theoretical work carried out by our research group to study the 5P3/2→6PJemantics> electric quadrupole transition in atomic rubidium. The experiments were carried out with room-temperature atoms in an absorption cell. A steady-state population of atoms in the 5P3/2emantics> excited state is produced by a a narrow-bandwidth preparation laser locked to the D2 transition. A second CW laser is used to produce the forbidden transition with resolution of the 6PJemantics> hyperfine states of both rubidium isotopes. The process is detected by recording the 420(422) nm fluorescence that occurs when the atoms in the 6PJemantics> state decay directly into the 5Semantics> ground state. The fluorescence spectra show a strong dependence on the relative polarization directions of the preparation laser and the beam producing the forbidden transition. This dependence is directly related to a strong anisotropy in the populations of the

Published
2023

28. The Storage Versus Repair-Bandwidth Trade-off for Clustered Storage Systems

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Prakash, N., Abdrashitov, Vitaly, Medard, Muriel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Prakash, N., Abdrashitov, Vitaly, and Medard, Muriel

Published
2022

29. Highly sensitive Curcumin-conjugated nanotheranostic platform for detecting amyloid-beta plaques by magnetic resonance imaging and reversing cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease via NLRP3-inhibition

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Ruan, Yuting, Xiong, Ying, Fang, Wenli, Yu, Qun, Mai, Yingren, Cao, Zhiyu, Wang, Kexi, Lei, Ming, Xu, Jiaxin, Liu, Yan, Zhang, Xingcai, Liao, Wang, Liu, Jun, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Ruan, Yuting, Xiong, Ying, Fang, Wenli, Yu, Qun, Mai, Yingren, Cao, Zhiyu, Wang, Kexi, Lei, Ming, Xu, Jiaxin, Liu, Yan, Zhang, Xingcai, Liao, Wang, and Liu, Jun

Published
2022

30. Piezo-optomechanical cantilever modulators for VLSI visible photonics

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Dong, Mark, Heim, David, Witte, Alex, Clark, Genevieve, Leenheer, Andrew J, Dominguez, Daniel, Zimmermann, Matthew, Wen, Y Henry, Gilbert, Gerald, Englund, Dirk, Eichenfield, Matt, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Dong, Mark, Heim, David, Witte, Alex, Clark, Genevieve, Leenheer, Andrew J, Dominguez, Daniel, Zimmermann, Matthew, Wen, Y Henry, Gilbert, Gerald, Englund, Dirk, and Eichenfield, Matt

Published
2022

32. Imaging Metasurfaces based on Graphene-Loaded Slot Antennas

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Goldstein, Jordan, Englund, Dirk, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Goldstein, Jordan, and Englund, Dirk

Published
2022

33. Floquet heating in interacting atomic gases with an oscillating force

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Li, Jun-Ru, Shteynas, Boris, Ketterle, Wolfgang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Li, Jun-Ru, Shteynas, Boris, and Ketterle, Wolfgang

Published
2022

34. Bismuth Substituted Strontium Cobalt Perovskites for Catalyzing Oxygen Evolution

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Kuznetsov, Denis A, Peng, Jiayu, Giordano, Livia, Roman-Leshkov, Yuriy, Shao-Horn, Yang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering, Kuznetsov, Denis A, Peng, Jiayu, Giordano, Livia, Roman-Leshkov, Yuriy, and Shao-Horn, Yang

Published
2022

35. Monochromatic X-ray Source Based on Scattering from a Magnetic Nanoundulator

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Fisher, Sophie, Roques-Carmes, Charles, Rivera, Nicholas, Wong, Liang Jie, Kaminer, Ido, Soljačić, Marin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Fisher, Sophie, Roques-Carmes, Charles, Rivera, Nicholas, Wong, Liang Jie, Kaminer, Ido, and Soljačić, Marin

Published
2022

36. Compact and Tunable Forward Coupler Based on High-Impedance Superconducting Nanowires

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Colangelo, Marco, Zhu, Di, Santavicca, Daniel F, Butters, Brenden A, Bienfang, Joshua C, Berggren, Karl K, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Colangelo, Marco, Zhu, Di, Santavicca, Daniel F, Butters, Brenden A, Bienfang, Joshua C, and Berggren, Karl K

Published
2022

37. Waveguide-integrated mid-infrared photodetection using graphene on a scalable chalcogenide glass platform

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Goldstein, Jordan, Lin, Hongtao, Deckoff-Jones, Skylar, Hempel, Marek, Lu, Ang-Yu, Richardson, Kathleen A, Palacios, Tomás, Kong, Jing, Hu, Juejun, Englund, Dirk, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Goldstein, Jordan, Lin, Hongtao, Deckoff-Jones, Skylar, Hempel, Marek, Lu, Ang-Yu, Richardson, Kathleen A, Palacios, Tomás, Kong, Jing, Hu, Juejun, and Englund, Dirk

Published
2022

38. Analysis of correlations between local geographic atrophy growth rates and local OCT angiography-measured choriocapillaris flow deficits

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Operations Research Center, Moult, Eric M, Shi, Yingying, Zhang, Qinqin, Wang, Liang, Mazumder, Rahul, Chen, Siyu, Chu, Zhongdi, Feuer, William, Waheed, Nadia K, Gregori, Giovanni, Wang, Ruikang K, Rosenfeld, Philip J, Fujimoto, James G, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Operations Research Center, Moult, Eric M, Shi, Yingying, Zhang, Qinqin, Wang, Liang, Mazumder, Rahul, Chen, Siyu, Chu, Zhongdi, Feuer, William, Waheed, Nadia K, Gregori, Giovanni, Wang, Ruikang K, Rosenfeld, Philip J, and Fujimoto, James G

Published
2022

39. Fast Preparation and Detection of a Rydberg Qubit Using Atomic Ensembles

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Xu, Wenchao, Venkatramani, Aditya V., Cantú, Sergio H., Šumarac, Tamara, Klüsener, Valentin, Lukin, Mikhail D., Vuletić, Vladan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Xu, Wenchao, Venkatramani, Aditya V., Cantú, Sergio H., Šumarac, Tamara, Klüsener, Valentin, Lukin, Mikhail D., and Vuletić, Vladan

Published
2022

40. Digital CRISPR-based method for the rapid detection and absolute quantification of nucleic acids

Author

Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Wu, Xiaolin, Tay, Joshua K, Goh, Chuan Keng, Chan, Cheryl, Lee, Yie Hou, Springs, Stacy L, Wang, De Yun, Loh, Kwok Seng, Lu, Timothy K, Yu, Hanry, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Biomedical Innovation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Wu, Xiaolin, Tay, Joshua K, Goh, Chuan Keng, Chan, Cheryl, Lee, Yie Hou, Springs, Stacy L, Wang, De Yun, Loh, Kwok Seng, Lu, Timothy K, and Yu, Hanry

Published
2022

41. Spatial Concentration of Caching in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Malak, Derya, Medard, Muriel, Andrews, Jeffrey G, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Malak, Derya, Medard, Muriel, and Andrews, Jeffrey G

Published
2022

42. This title is unavailable for guests, please login to see more information.

Author

MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Huang, Xu, Ji, Qingqing, Pan, Yulin, Qin, X.S., Sun, Jun, Yang, Liangjing, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Huang, Xu, Ji, Qingqing, Pan, Yulin, Qin, X.S., Sun, Jun, and Yang, Liangjing

Abstract

By analyzing $2.93\ \rm fb^{-1}$ of data taken at the $\psi(3770)$ resonance peak with the BESIII detector, we measure the branching fractions for the hadronic decays $D^+\to K^0_SK^0_S K^+$, $D^+\to K^0_SK^0_S \pi^+$, $D^0\to K^0_S K^0_S$ and $D^0\to K^0_SK^0_SK^0_S$. They are determined to be ${\mathcal B}(D^+\to K^0_SK^0_SK^+)=(2.54 \pm 0.05_{\rm stat.} \pm 0.12_{\rm sys.})\times 10^{-3}$, ${\mathcal B}(D^+\to K^0_SK^0_S\pi^+)=(2.70 \pm 0.05_{\rm stat.} \pm 0.12_{\rm sys.})\times 10^{-3}$, ${\mathcal B}(D^0\to K^0_SK^0_S)=(1.67 \pm 0.11_{\rm stat.} \pm 0.11_{\rm sys.})\times 10^{-4}$ and ${\mathcal B}(D^0\to K^0_SK^0_SK^0_S)=(7.21 \pm 0.33_{\rm stat.} \pm 0.44_{\rm sys.})\times 10^{-4}$, where the second one is measured for the first time and the others are measured with significantly improved precision over the previous measurements.

Published
2022

43. Synthetic Host Defense Peptides Inhibit Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Replication and the Associated Inflammatory Response

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ahmed, Aslaa, Bakovic, Allison, Risner, Kenneth, Kortchak, Stephanie, Der Torossian Torres, Marcelo, de la Fuente-Nunez, Cesar, Lu, Timothy, Bhalla, Nishank, Narayanan, Aarthi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ahmed, Aslaa, Bakovic, Allison, Risner, Kenneth, Kortchak, Stephanie, Der Torossian Torres, Marcelo, de la Fuente-Nunez, Cesar, Lu, Timothy, Bhalla, Nishank, and Narayanan, Aarthi

Published
2022

44. Integrated visible-light liquid-crystal-based phase modulators

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Notaros, Milica, Dyer, Thomas, Raval, Manan, Baiocco, Christopher, Notaros, Jelena, Watts, Michael R, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Notaros, Milica, Dyer, Thomas, Raval, Manan, Baiocco, Christopher, Notaros, Jelena, and Watts, Michael R

Published
2022

45. A warm-start digital CRISPR/Cas-based method for the quantitative detection of nucleic acids

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Synthetic Biology Center, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Wu, Xiaolin, Chan, Cheryl, Springs, Stacy L, Lee, Yie Hou, Lu, Timothy K, Yu, Hanry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Synthetic Biology Center, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Wu, Xiaolin, Chan, Cheryl, Springs, Stacy L, Lee, Yie Hou, Lu, Timothy K, and Yu, Hanry

Published
2022

46. Multi-dimensional-double-spiral (MDDS) inertial microfluidic platform for sperm isolation directly from the raw semen sample

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Jeon, Hyungkook, Cremers, Claudia, Le, Doris, Abell, Justin, Han, Jongyoon, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Jeon, Hyungkook, Cremers, Claudia, Le, Doris, Abell, Justin, and Han, Jongyoon

Published
2022

47. Engineering Purely Nonlinear Coupling between Superconducting Qubits Using a Quarton

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Ye, Yufeng, Peng, Kaidong, Naghiloo, Mahdi, Cunningham, Gregory, O’Brien, Kevin P, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Ye, Yufeng, Peng, Kaidong, Naghiloo, Mahdi, Cunningham, Gregory, and O’Brien, Kevin P

Published
2022

48. Fundamental Thermal Noise Limits for Optical Microcavities

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Panuski, Christopher, Englund, Dirk, Hamerly, Ryan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Panuski, Christopher, Englund, Dirk, and Hamerly, Ryan

Published
2022

49. Refractory doped titanium nitride nanoscale field emitters

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Nardi, A, Turchetti, M, Britton, WA, Chen, Y, Yang, Y, Dal Negro, L, Berggren, KK, Keathley, PD, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Nardi, A, Turchetti, M, Britton, WA, Chen, Y, Yang, Y, Dal Negro, L, Berggren, KK, and Keathley, PD

Published
2022

50. Metal Halide Perovskite Polycrystalline Films Exhibiting Properties of Single Crystals

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Brenes, Roberto, Guo, Dengyang, Osherov, Anna, Noel, Nakita K., Eames, Christopher, Hutter, Eline M., Pathak, Sandeep K., Niroui, Farnaz, Friend, Richard H., Islam, M. Saiful, Snaith, Henry J., Bulović, Vladimir, Savenije, Tom J., Stranks, Samuel D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Brenes, Roberto, Guo, Dengyang, Osherov, Anna, Noel, Nakita K., Eames, Christopher, Hutter, Eline M., Pathak, Sandeep K., Niroui, Farnaz, Friend, Richard H., Islam, M. Saiful, Snaith, Henry J., Bulović, Vladimir, Savenije, Tom J., and Stranks, Samuel D.

Published
2022

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