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1. Laboratory modelling of equatorial ‘tongue’ accretion channels in young stellar objects caused by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability

Author

Alexander Soloviev, Andrea Ciardi, R. Bonito, A. Korzhimanov, K. F. Burdonov, M. Romanova, M. V. Starodubtsev, W. P. Yao, A. Sladkov, Julien Fuchs, S. N. Chen, R. Zemskov, Salvatore Orlando, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), IAP, Russian Academy of Sciences, 603155, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo (OAPa), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (NIPNE), IFIN-HH, Cornell University [New York], European Project: ERC787539,GENESIS, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP, Nizhny Novgorod), and Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO)

Subjects
Physics, Young stellar object, accretion disks, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, stars: pre-main sequence, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), Accretion (astrophysics), accretion, Space and Planetary Science, instabilities, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Rayleigh–Taylor instability, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

This work was granted access to the HPC resources of MesoPSL financed by the Region Ile de France and the project EquipMeso (reference ANR-10-EQPX29-01) of the programme Investissements d’Avenir supervised by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche.; International audience; Context. The equatorial accretion scenario, caused by the development of the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability at the disk edge, was suggested by accurate three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modelling, but no observational or experimental confirmation of such phenomena has been evidenced yet.Aims. We studied the propagation of a laterally extended laser-generated plasma stream across a magnetic field and investigated if this kind of structure can be scaled to the case of equatorial ‘tongue’ accretion channels in young stellar objects (YSOs); if so, this would support the possibility of equatorial accretion in young accreting stars.Methods. We conducted a scaled laboratory experiment at the PEARL laser facility. The experiment consists in an optical laser pulse that is focused onto the surface of a Teflon target. The irradiation of the target leads to the expansion of a hot plasma stream into the vacuum, perpendicularly to an externally applied magnetic field. We used a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to diagnose the plasma stream propagation along two axes, to obtain the three-dimensional distribution of the plasma stream.Results. The laboratory experiment shows the propagation of a laterally extended laser-generated plasma stream across a magnetic field. We demonstrate that: (i) such a stream is subject to the development of the RT instability, and (ii) the stream, decomposed into tongues, is able to efficiently propagate perpendicular to the magnetic field. Based on numerical simulations, we show that the origin of the development of the instability in the laboratory is similar to that observed in MHD models of equatorial tongue accretion in YSOs.Conclusions. As we verify that the laboratory plasma scales favourably to accretion inflows of YSOs, our laboratory results support the argument in favour of the possibility of the RT-instability-caused equatorial tongue accretion scenario in the astrophysical case.

Published
2022
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2. Laboratory disruption of scaled astrophysical outflows by a misaligned magnetic field

Author

Mirela Cerchez, Drew Higginson, E. D. Filippov, T. Gangolf, S. A. Pikuz, I. Yu. Skobelev, B. Khiar, G. Revet, Tommaso Vinci, B. Olmi, Salvatore Orlando, J. Béard, O. Willi, Rosaria Bonito, M. V. Starodubtsev, Costanza Argiroffi, M. Safronova, M. Ouillé, S. N. Ryazantsev, Julien Fuchs, Andrea Ciardi, Andrea Mignone, Sophia Chen, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Applied Physics (IAP, Nizhny Novgorod), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Flash Center for Computational Science (FCCS), University of Chicago, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the RAS (JIHT), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica [Palermo] (DiFC), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo (OAPa), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut für Laser und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn IFIN HH, ELI NP Dept, Reactorului Str 30, Magurele 077125, Romania, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Dipartimento di Fisica Generale, Università di Torino, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], Revet G., Khiar B., Filippov E., Argiroffi C., Beard J., Bonito R., Cerchez M., Chen S.N., Gangolf T., Higginson D.P., Mignone A., Olmi B., Ouille M., Ryazantsev S.N., Skobelev I.Y., Safronova M.I., Starodubtsev M., Vinci T., Willi O., Pikuz S., Orlando S., Ciardi A., and Fuchs J.

Subjects
Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nozzle, outflows, magnetohydrodynamics(MHD), shockwaves, astrophysical jets, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Collimated light, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, Ambient field, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Magnetic pressure, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Laboratory astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Jet (fluid), Multidisciplinary, Laser-produced plasmas, General Chemistry, Physics - Plasma Physics, Magnetic field, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Outflow, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

The shaping of astrophysical outflows into bright, dense, and collimated jets due to magnetic pressure is here investigated using laboratory experiments. Here we look at the impact on jet collimation of a misalignment between the outflow, as it stems from the source, and the magnetic field. For small misalignments, a magnetic nozzle forms and redirects the outflow in a collimated jet. For growing misalignments, this nozzle becomes increasingly asymmetric, disrupting jet formation. Our results thus suggest outflow/magnetic field misalignment to be a plausible key process regulating jet collimation in a variety of objects from our Sun’s outflows to extragalatic jets. Furthermore, they provide a possible interpretation for the observed structuring of astrophysical jets. Jet modulation could be interpreted as the signature of changes over time in the outflow/ambient field angle, and the change in the direction of the jet could be the signature of changes in the direction of the ambient field., Mass outflow is a common process in astrophysical objects. Here the authors investigate in which conditions an astrophysically-scaled laser-produced plasma flow can be collimated and evolves in the presence of a misaligned external magnetic field.

Published
2021
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3. Laboratory evidence for asymmetric accretion structure upon slanted matter impact in young stars

Author

Rosaria Bonito, Salvatore Orlando, O. Willi, Julien Fuchs, S. N. Chen, K. F. Burdonov, Mirela Cerchez, J. Béard, G. Revet, S. A. Pikuz, M. V. Starodubtsev, Rafael L. Rodríguez, E. D. Filippov, Costanza Argiroffi, Andrea Ciardi, G. Espinosa, S. Bolanos, Michal Smid, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Burdonov K., Revet G., Bonito R., Argiroffi C., Beard J., Bolanos S., Cerchez M., Chen S.N., Ciardi A., Espinosa G., Filippov E., Pikuz S., Rodriguez R., Smid M., Starodubtsev M., Willi O., Orlando S., Fuchs J., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo (OAPa), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the RAS (JIHT), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of Applied Physics (IAP, Nizhny Novgorod), Moscow State Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), This work was partly done within the LABEX Plas@Par, the DIM ACAV funded by the Region Ilede-France, This work was supported by Grant No. 11-IDEX- 0004-02 from ANR (France), ANR-12-BS09-0025,SILAMPA,Simuler en laboratoire des écoulements de plasmas magnétisés pour l'astrophysique(2012), European Project: ERC787539,GENESIS, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), and Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Shock wave, stars, Accretion, Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), Young stellar object, FOS: Physical sciences, X-rays: stars, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Shock waves, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Ejecta, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Chromosphere, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, pre-main sequence -X-rays, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Planetary system, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], accretion disks -instabilities -magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) -shock waves -stars, Accretion (astrophysics), Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Instabilities, Accretion disks, Stars: pre-main sequence, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Aims. Investigating the process of matter accretion onto forming stars through scaled experiments in the laboratory is important in order to better understand star and planetary system formation and evolution. Such experiments can indeed complement observations by providing access to the processes with spatial and temporal resolution. A previous investigation revealed the existence of a two-component stream: a hot shell surrounding a cooler inner stream. The shell was formed by matter laterally ejected upon impact and refocused by the local magnetic field. That laboratory investigation was limited to normal incidence impacts. However, in young stellar objects, the complex structure of magnetic fields causes variability of the incident angles of the accretion columns. This led us to undertake an investigation, using laboratory plasmas, of the consequence of having a slanted accretion impacting a young star. Methods. Here, we used high power laser interactions and strong magnetic field generation in the laboratory, complemented by numerical simulations, to study the asymmetry induced upon accretion structures when columns of matter impact the surface of young stars with an oblique angle. Results. Compared to the scenario where matter accretes perpendicularly to the star surface, we observe a strongly asymmetric plasma structure, strong lateral ejecta of matter, poor confinement of the accreted material, and reduced heating compared to the normal incidence case. Thus, slanted accretion is a configuration that seems to be capable of inducing perturbations of the chromosphere and hence possibly influencing the level of activity of the corona.

Published
2020
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4. Growth of concomitant laser-driven collisionless and resistive electron filamentation instabilities over large spatiotemporal scales

Author

C. Ruyer, M. Swantusch, L. Lancia, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, S. Bolaños, M. Grech, H. Pépin, Patrizio Antici, J. Böker, Marco Borghesi, M. V. Starodubtsev, Ronnie Shepherd, L. Gremillet, V. Dervieux, Oswald Willi, Julien Fuchs, Sophia Chen, Bruno Albertazzi, Caterina Riconda, Lorenzo Romagnani, Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Institut für Laser und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institute of Applied Physics (IAP, Nizhny Novgorod), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), and ANR-17-CE30-0026,PiNNaCLE,Développement d'une ligne de neutrons pulsés compacte et de haute brillance(2017)

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, Physics, Resistive touchscreen, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, Electron, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Instability, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Weibel instability, Filamentation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Collective processes in plasmas often induce microinstabilities that play an important role in many space or laboratory plasma environments. Particularly notable is the Weibel-type current filamentation instability, which is believed to drive the creation of collisionless shocks in weakly magnetized astrophysical plasmas. Here, this instability class is studied through interactions of ultraintense and short laser pulses with solid foils, leading to localized generation of megaelectronvolt electrons. Proton radiographic measurements of both low- and high-resistivity targets show two distinct, superimposed electromagnetic field patterns arising from the interpenetration of the megaelectronvolt electrons and the background plasma. Particle-in-cell simulations and theoretical estimates suggest that the collisionless Weibel instability building up in the dilute expanding plasmas formed at the target surfaces causes the observed azimuthally symmetric electromagnetic filaments. For a sufficiently high resistivity of the target foil, an additional resistive instability is triggered in the bulk target, giving rise to radially elongated filaments. The data reveal the growth of both filamentation instabilities over large temporal (tens of picoseconds) and spatial (hundreds of micrometres) scales. In the interaction of ultraintense, short laser pulses with solid targets, the collisionless Weibel instability is observed. For a sufficiently high resistivity of the target, an additional resistive instability appears.

Published
2020
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5. Laboratory investigation of particle acceleration and magnetic field compression in collisionless colliding fast plasma flows

Author

D. P. Higginson, Ph. Korneev, C. Ruyer, R. Riquier, Q. Moreno, J. Béard, S. N. Chen, A. Grassi, M. Grech, L. Gremillet, H. Pépin, F. Perez, S. Pikuz, B. Pollock, C. Riconda, R. Shepherd, M. Starodubtsev, V. Tikhonchuk, T. Vinci, E. d’Humières, J. Fuchs, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (NIPNE), IFIN-HH, Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the RAS (JIHT), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of Applied Physics (IAP, Nizhny Novgorod), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), ANR-12-BS09-0025,SILAMPA,Simuler en laboratoire des écoulements de plasmas magnétisés pour l'astrophysique(2012), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), European Project: ERC787539,GENESIS, European Project: AWP15-ENR-01/CEA-02,EUROFusion - ToIFE, European Project: 654148,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,LASERLAB-EUROPE(2015), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Ion production and acceleration is ubiquitous in astrophysical objects but many questions still remain on the mechanisms at play and while laboratory plasmas provide an “accessible” regime, non-thermal ion acceleration has not been observed in the laboratory before the advent of high-power lasers. The authors collide two relativistic plasma flows and observe large energy difference of the protons coming out of the interaction region with or without an external magnetic field, qualitatively corroborating their 1D and 2D particle-in-cell simulations.

Published
2019
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6. Extreme brightness laser-based neutron pulses as a pathway for investigating nucleosynthesis in the laboratory

Author

Emmanuel d'Humières, Julien Fuchs, Sophia Chen, K. M. Spohr, Ishay Pomerantz, F. Negoita, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP, Nizhny Novgorod), Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (NIPNE), IFIN-HH, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), School of Physics and Astronomy [Tel Aviv], Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE30-0026,PiNNaCLE,Développement d'une ligne de neutrons pulsés compacte et de haute brillance(2017), European Project: ERC787539,GENESIS, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physics and Astronomy [Tel Aviv] (TAU), Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences [Tel Aviv] (TAU), and Tel Aviv University (TAU)-Tel Aviv University (TAU)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Brightness, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Stars, Neutron capture, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nucleosynthesis, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Neutron source, lcsh:QC770-798, Neutron, Spallation, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

With the much-anticipated multi-petawatt (PW) laser facilities that are coming online, neutron sources with extreme fluxes could soon be in reach. Such sources would rely on spallation by protons accelerated by the high-intensity lasers. These high neutron fluxes would make possible not only direct measurements of neutron capture and β-decay rates related to the r-process of nucleosynthesis of heavy elements, but also such nuclear measurements in a hot plasma environment, which would be beneficial for s-process investigations in astrophysically relevant conditions. This could, in turn, finally allow possible reconciliation of the observed element abundances in stars and those derived from simulations, which at present show large discrepancies. Here, we review a possible pathway to reach unprecedented neutron fluxes using multi-PW lasers, as well as strategies to perform measurements to investigate the r- and s-processes of nucleosynthesis of heavy elements in cold matter, as well as in a hot plasma environment.With the much-anticipated multi-petawatt (PW) laser facilities that are coming online, neutron sources with extreme fluxes could soon be in reach. Such sources would rely on spallation by protons accelerated by the high-intensity lasers. These high neutron fluxes would make possible not only direct measurements of neutron capture and β-decay rates related to the r-process of nucleosynthesis of heavy elements, but also such nuclear measurements in a hot plasma environment, which would be beneficial for s-process investigations in astrophysically relevant conditions. This could, in turn, finally allow possible reconciliation of the observed element abundances in stars and those derived from simulations, which at present show large discrepancies. Here, we review a possible pathway to reach unprecedented neutron fluxes using multi-PW lasers, as well as strategies to perform measurements to investigate the r- an...

Published
2019
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7. Laser experiment for the study of accretion dynamics of Young Stellar Objects: design and scaling

Author

G. Revet, Andrea Ciardi, M. V. Starodubtsev, J. Béard, Salvatore Orlando, Rosaria Bonito, B. Khiar, Julien Fuchs, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Pulsés (LNCMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Palermo (IASF-Pa), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institute of Applied Physics (IAP, Nizhny Novgorod), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITA, USA, FRA, ROU, and RUS

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Young stellar object, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Adiabatic process, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Radiation, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Plasma, Accretion (astrophysics), Physics - Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Magnetic field, Computational physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Stars, T Tauri star, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

A new experimental set-up designed to investigate the accretion dynamics in newly born stars is presented. It takes advantage of a magnetically collimated stream produced by coupling a laser-generated expanding plasma to a $2\times 10^{5}~{G}\ (20~{T})$ externally applied magnetic field. The stream is used as the accretion column and is launched onto an obstacle target that mimics the stellar surface. This setup has been used to investigate in details the accretion dynamics, as reported in [G. Revet et al., Science Advances 3, e1700982 (2017), arXiv:1708.02528}. Here, the characteristics of the stream are detailed and a link between the experimental plasma expansion and a 1D adiabatic expansion model is presented. Dimensionless numbers are also calculated in order to characterize the experimental flow and its closeness to the ideal MHD regime. We build a bridge between our experimental plasma dynamics and the one taking place in the Classical T Tauri Stars (CTTSs), and we find that our set-up is representative of a high plasma $\beta$ CTTS accretion case.

Published
2019
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8. Laser-Produced Magnetic-Rayleigh-Taylor Unstable Plasma Slabs in a 20 T Magnetic Field

Author

J. Béard, S. S. Makarov, Andrea Ciardi, Shihua Chen, Mirela Cerchez, E. D. Filippov, T. Gangolf, B. Khiar, G. Revet, S. A. Pikuz, Oswald Willi, M. Ouillé, A. A. Soloviev, Julien Fuchs, M. Safronova, K. F. Burdonov, M. V. Starodubtsev, I. Yu. Skobelev, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Pulsés (LNCMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institute of Applied Physics (IAP, Nizhny Novgorod), Institut für Laser und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the RAS (JIHT), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Lobachevsky State University [Nizhni Novgorod], Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (NIPNE), IFIN-HH, ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), ANR-10-EQPX-0029,EQUIP@MESO,Equipement d'excellence de calcul intensif de Mesocentres coordonnés - Tremplin vers le calcul petaflopique et l'exascale(2010), ANR-11-LABX-0062,PLAS@PAR,PLASMAS à PARIS, au delà des frontières(2011), European Project: 787539,GENESIS - 10.3030/787539, and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Instability, Collimated light, law.invention, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, symbols.namesake, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Rayleigh scattering, 010306 general physics, Inertial confinement fusion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Plasma, Laser, Physics - Plasma Physics, Magnetic field, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics::Space Physics, Slab, symbols
Abstract

Magnetized laser-produced plasmas are central to many novel laboratory astrophysics and inertial confinement fusion studies, as well as in industrial applications. Here we provide the first complete description of the three-dimensional dynamics of a laser-driven plasma plume expanding in a 20 T transverse magnetic field. The plasma is collimated by the magnetic field into a slender, rapidly elongating slab, whose plasma-vacuum interface is unstable to the growth of the "classical", fluid-like magnetized Rayleigh-Taylor instability., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Published
2019
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9. Self-generated surface magnetic fields inhibit laser-driven sheath acceleration of high-energy protons

Author

Laurent Gremillet, A. V. Korzhimanov, A. Kon, Mark Kimmel, Ryosuke Kodama, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, M. V. Starodubtsev, Jens Schwarz, Briggs W. Atherton, Matthias Geissel, Sophia Chen, S. Buffechoux, L. Hurd, P. Audebert, Marius Schollmeier, Yasuhiko Sentoku, Julien Fuchs, Patrick K. Rambo, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Osaka University [Osaka], Institute of Applied Physics (IAP, Nizhny Novgorod), Sandia National Laboratories [Albuquerque] (SNL), Sandia National Laboratories - Corporation, Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, ANR-17-CE30-0026,PiNNaCLE,Développement d'une ligne de neutrons pulsés compacte et de haute brillance(2017), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), and European Project: 654148,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,LASERLAB-EUROPE(2015)

Subjects
Proton, Science, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Acceleration, law, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Spallation, Physics::Atomic Physics, lcsh:Science, 010306 general physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Chemistry, Plasma, Laser, Computational physics, Magnetic field, Physics::Accelerator Physics, lcsh:Q
Abstract

High-intensity lasers interacting with solid foils produce copious numbers of relativistic electrons, which in turn create strong sheath electric fields around the target. The proton beams accelerated in such fields have remarkable properties, enabling ultrafast radiography of plasma phenomena or isochoric heating of dense materials. In view of longer-term multidisciplinary purposes (e.g., spallation neutron sources or cancer therapy), the current challenge is to achieve proton energies well in excess of 100 MeV, which is commonly thought to be possible by raising the on-target laser intensity. Here we present experimental and numerical results demonstrating that magnetostatic fields self-generated on the target surface may pose a fundamental limit to sheath-driven ion acceleration for high enough laser intensities. Those fields can be strong enough (~105 T at laser intensities ~1021 W cm–2) to magnetize the sheath electrons and deflect protons off the accelerating region, hence degrading the maximum energy the latter can acquire., Laser-generated ion acceleration has received increasing attention due to recent progress in super-intense lasers. Here the authors demonstrate the role of the self-generated magnetic field on the ion acceleration and limitations on the energy scaling with laser intensity.

Published
2018
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10. Laboratory unraveling of matter accretion in young stars

Author

Revet, Guilhem, Chen, Sophia N., Bonito, Rosaria, Khiar, Benjamin, Filippov, Evgeny, Argiroffi, Costanza, Higginson, Drew P., Orlando, Salvatore, Béard, Jérôme, Blecher, Marius, Borghesi, Marco, Burdonov, Konstantin, Khaghani, Dimitri, Naughton, Kealan, Pépin, Henri, Portugall, Oliver, Riquier, Raphael, Rodriguez, Rafael, Ryazantsev, Sergei N., Yu. Skobelev, Igor, Soloviev, Alexander, Willi, Oswald, Pikuz, Sergey, Ciardi, Andrea, Fuchs, Julien, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Applied Physics (IAP, Nizhny Novgorod), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica [Palermo] (DiFC), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the RAS (JIHT), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut für Laser und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), ANR-12-BS09-0025,SILAMPA,Simuler en laboratoire des écoulements de plasmas magnétisés pour l'astrophysique(2012), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, CAN, RUS, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Revet, Guilhem, Chen, Sophia N., Bonito, Rosaria, Khiar, Benjamin, Filippov, Evgeny, Argiroffi, Costanza, Higginson, Drew P., Orlando, Salvatore, Béard, Jérôme, Blecher, Mariu, Borghesi, Marco, Burdonov, Konstantin, Khaghani, Dimitri, Naughton, Kealan, Pépin, Henri, Portugall, Oliver, Riquier, Raphael, Rodriguez, Rafael, Ryazantsev, Sergei N., Skobelev, Igor Yu., Soloviev, Alexander, Willi, Oswald, Pikuz, Sergey, Ciardi, Andrea, and Fuchs, Julien

Subjects
HOT, ELECTRON THERMAL CONDUCTION, PLASMA, T-TAURI STARS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, MAGNETIC-FIELD, CLOUDS, SciAdv r-articles, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, SIMULATIONS, X-RAY-EMISSION, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, GAS, Physical Sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Research Articles, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Research Article, RADIATIVE SHOCKS
Abstract

When matter accretes onto a young star, a shell of dense material can form around the impact, reducing its x-ray emission., Accretion dynamics in the formation of young stars is still a matter of debate because of limitations in observations and modeling. Through scaled laboratory experiments of collimated plasma accretion onto a solid in the presence of a magnetic field, we open a first window on this phenomenon by tracking, with spatial and temporal resolution, the dynamics of the system and simultaneously measuring multiband emissions. We observe in these experiments that matter, upon impact, is ejected laterally from the solid surface and then refocused by the magnetic field toward the incoming stream. This ejected matter forms a plasma shell that envelops the shocked core, reducing escaped x-ray emission. This finding demonstrates one possible structure reconciling current discrepancies between mass accretion rates derived from x-ray and optical observations, respectively.

Published
2017
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11. Detailed characterization of laser-produced astrophysically-relevant jets formed via a poloidal magnetic nozzle

Author

A. A. Soloviev, K. Naughton, Benjamin Khiar, Drew Higginson, R. Riquier, E. D. Filippov, Oliver Portugall, Caterina Riconda, G. Revet, S. A. Pikuz, Tommaso Vinci, S. N. Ryazantsev, I. Yu. Skobelev, D. Khaghani, M. Blecher, H. Pépin, Oswald Willi, Marco Borghesi, J. Béard, K. F. Burdonov, M. V. Starodubtsev, Julien Fuchs, S. N. Chen, Andrea Ciardi, Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Pulsés (LNCMP), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications - INRS (EMT-INRS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the RAS (JIHT), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Don State Technical University, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP, Nizhny Novgorod), Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Institut für Laser und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB)

Subjects
Astrophysical plasmas, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, Outflows, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Magnetohydrodynamics, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Jets, Magnetic pressure, 010306 general physics, Magnetosphere particle motion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Jet (fluid), Radiation, Plasma, Magnetic field, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Laser-plasma interactions
Abstract

The collimation of astrophysically-relevant plasma ejecta in the form of narrow jets via a poloidal magnetic field is studied experimentally by irradiating a target situated in a 20 T axial magnetic field with a 40 J, 0.6 ns, 0.7 mm diameter, high-power laser. The dynamics of the plasma shaping by the magnetic field are studied over 70 ns and up to 20 mm from the source by diagnosing the electron density, temperature and optical self-emission. These show that the initial expansion of the plasma is highly magnetized, which leads to the formation of a cavity structure when the kinetic plasma pressure compresses the magnetic field, resulting in an oblique shock [A. Ciardi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 025002 (2013)]. The resulting poloidal magnetic nozzle collimates the plasma into a narrow jet [B. Albertazzi et al., Science 346, 325 (2014)]. At distances far from the target, the jet is only marginally magnetized and maintains a high aspect ratio due to its high Mach-number (M∼20) and not due to external magnetic pressure. The formation of the jet is evaluated over a range of laser intensities (1012–1013 W/cm2), target materials and orientations of the magnetic field. Plasma cavity formation is observed in all cases and the viability of long-range jet formation is found to be dependent on the orientation of the magnetic field.

Published
2017
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