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1. Sedimentological Evidence for Pronounced Glacial‐Interglacial Climate Fluctuations in NE Tibet in the Latest Pliocene to Early Pleistocene

Author

Xiaomin Fang, Yin Lu, Stefanie Kaboth-Bahr, Nico Dewald, Erwin Appel, Andreas Koutsodendris, Oliver Friedrich, Jörg Pross, Wolfgang Rösler, Dewald, Nico, 1 Institute of Earth Sciences Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany, Koutsodendris, Andreas, Kaboth‐Bahr, Stefanie, Rösler, Wolfgang, 5 Institute of Geosciences University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany, Fang, Xiaomin, 6 Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China, Pross, Jörg, Appel, Erwin, and Friedrich, Oliver

Subjects
551.7, Atmospheric Science, geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, Pleistocene, Paleontology, Climate change, Westerlies, Oceanography, 550 Geowissenschaften, Siberian High, loss on ignition, SEM, Asian monsoon, Interglacial, ddc:550, EMMA, East Asian Monsoon, Institut für Geowissenschaften, dust, Glacial period, Physical geography, Geology
Abstract

The intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG) and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau have been argued to be among the main drivers of climate change in midlatitude Central Asia during the Pliocene/Pleistocene. While most proxy records that support this hypothesis are from regions outside the Tibetan Plateau (such as from the Chinese Loess Plateau), detailed paleoclimatic information for the plateau itself during that time has yet remained elusive. Here we present a temporally highly resolved (~500 years) sedimentological record from the Qaidam Basin situated on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau that shows pronounced glacial‐interglacial climate variability during the interval from 2.7 to 2.1 Ma. Glacial (interglacial) intervals are generally characterized by coarser (finer) grain size, minima (maxima) in organic matter content, and maxima (minima) in carbonate content. Comparison of our results with Earth's orbital parameters and proxy records from the Chinese Loess Plateau suggests that the observed climate fluctuations were mainly driven by changes in the Siberian High/East Asian winter monsoon system as a response to the iNHG. They are further proposed to be enhanced by the topography of the Tibetan Plateau and its impact on the position and intensity of the westerlies., Key Points: Pronounced glacial‐interglacial climate fluctuations on the NE Tibetan Plateau during the latest Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Changes in East Asian Winter Monsoon and the position of the westerlies influenced sediment transport on the NE Tibetan Plateau. Intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation amplified climate fluctuations on the NE Tibetan Plateau., German Research Foundation (DFG

Published
2020

2. Quartz OSL dating of late quaternary Chinese and Serbian loess: A cross Eurasian comparison of dust mass accumulation rates

Author

Milivoj B. Gavrilov, Andreas Vött, Zoran Peric, Thomas Stevens, Philipp Schulte, Jan-Pieter Buylaert, Slobodan B. Marković, Emma Lagerbäck Adolphi, Frank Lehmkuhl, Gábor Újvári, Christian Zeeden, Christine Thiel, Christoph Schmidt, Ulrich Hambach, Yi Shuangwen, LU Hua-yu, Igor Obreht, Mayank Jain, Peter Fischer, Daniel Veres, Manfred Frechen, Ludwig Zöller, Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), University of Cologne, Institute of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Centre for Environmental Change and Quaternary Research, University of Gloucestershire (Cheltenham, GB), Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Geographical Institute, Geomorphology, University of Bayreuth, Universität Bayreuth, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Institute for Geography, University of Cologne, Universität zu Köln, and Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Titel loess plateau, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Optically stimulated luminescence, OSL dating, Geochemistry, Loess, Dust, Mars Exploration Program, Mineral dust, 01 natural sciences, MAR, Chinese Loess Plateau, Glacial period, Quaternary, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Quartz, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Chronology
Abstract

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. Reconstructing dust Mass Accumulation Rate (MAR) from loess deposits is critical to understanding past atmospheric mineral dust activity and requires accurate independent age models from loess deposits across Europe and Asia. Previous correlations of loess in Europe and China have tended to focus on multi-millennial timescales, with no detailed examination of dust MAR at the two ends of the Eurasian loess belt on shorter, sub-orbital scales. Here we present a detailed quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology from the Serbian Titel Loess Plateau (Veliki Surduk loess core) and the Chinese Loess Plateau (Lingtai section). The luminescence ages pass internal tests and show consistent increases in age with depth, with no obvious major hiatuses. However, as reported before, it seems the quartz OSL technique is only capable of accurate age determination up to accrued doses of ca. 150 Gy (ca. 30-40 ka) due to approaching field saturation of the quartz OSL signal. Two age-depth models were used to reconstruct dust MARs, where one utilises OSL data solely and the other additionally makes assumptions about sedimentation rates. Although short-term fluctuations in MAR are model dependent, general MAR patterns between the two sites are very similar, with peak MAR occurring rather late in the last glacial (ca. 13-25 ka). This suggests that at least broad scale trends in dust activity within the last glacial period may be similar at a continental scale.

Published
2019

3. Prediction uncertainty of environmental change effects on temperate European biodiversity

Author

Raphaël De Cock, St. Klotz, Regula Billeter, Jana Verboom, N. Schermann, St. Aviron, M. Roubalova, Tim Diekötter, Petra Šímová, Jacques Baudry, J.P. Maelfait, Paul Arens, Walter K. R. E. van Wingerden, Frederik Hendrickx, Marinus J. M. Smulders, Agnès Schermann-Legionnet, Carsten F. Dormann, Mark Frenzel, R. Hamersky, F. Herzog, Oliver Schweiger, Jaan Liira, Rob Bugter, Walter Durka, J. Dirksen, M. Speelmans, Françoise Burel, T. Schmidt, I. Augenstein, Angela Lausch, Debra Bailey, B.J.H. Koolstra, M. Cerny, Paul Opdam, Martin Zobel, Geert De Blust, D. Le Coeur, R. DeFilippi, Roman Bukacek, Peter J. Edwards, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Plant Research International (PRI), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (AGROSCOPE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche SAD Armorique (AMORIQUE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Armoricain de Recherche en Environnement (CAREN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Alterra Green World Research (AGWR), Nature Conservation Authority (NCA), Nature Conservation Authority, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research (IFER), Institute of Foret Ecosystem Research, INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), INBO, Institute of Integrative Biology (ETH), Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC) (TEREC), State University of Ghent, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere (PEPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Institute of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, GREENVEINS (projet europeen), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), INRA SAD Armorique, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, INRA-SAD Armorique, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, Climate, distributions, Biodiversity, Landgebruiksplanning, envelope, 01 natural sciences, multimodel inference, PRI Biodiversiteit en Veredeling, Wageningen Environmental Research, species richness, uncertainty analysis, Uncertainty analysis, Geography, Ecology, environmental change, Plants, Europe, communities, climate change, climate-change, Gamma diversity, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, projection, extinction risk, Environment, 010603 evolutionary biology, Models, Biological, Birds, agricultural landscapes, models, Landscape Centre, cover data, Land Use Planning, Animals, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, land-use intensity, Arthropods, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, WIMEK, Alterra - Centrum Landschap, Species diversity, Global change, 15. Life on land, PRI Biodiversity and Breeding, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

FR2116; International audience; Observed patterns of species richness at landscape scale (gamma diversity) cannot always be attributed to a specific set of explanatory variables, but rather different alternative explanatory statistical models of similar quality may exist. Therefore predictions of the effects of environmental change (such as in climate or land cover) on biodiversity may differ considerably, depending on the chosen set of explanatory variables. Here we use multimodel prediction to evaluate effects of climate, land-use intensity and landscape structure on species richness in each of seven groups of organisms (plants, birds, spiders, wild bees, ground beetles, true bugs and hoverflies) in temperate Europe. We contrast this approach with traditional best-model predictions, which we show, using cross-validation, to have inferior prediction accuracy. Multimodel inference changed the importance of some environmental variables in comparison with the best model, and accordingly gave deviating predictions for environmental change effects. Overall, prediction uncertainty for the multimodel approach was only slightly higher than that of the best model, and absolute changes in predicted species richness were also comparable. Richness predictions varied generally more for the impact of climate change than for land-use change at the coarse scale of our study. Overall, our study indicates that the uncertainty introduced to environmental change predictions through uncertainty in model selection both qualitatively and quantitatively affects species richness projections.

Published
2008

4. Cenozoic paleotemperatures and leaf physiognomy — A European perspective

Author

David L. Dilcher, Stefan Klotz, Dieter Uhl, Christine Thiel, Christopher Traiser, Torsten Utescher, Elizabeth A. Kowalski, Palaeoecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Institute of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere (PEPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Multivariate statistics, Leaf physiognomy, Range (biology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, Neogene, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Paleoclimatology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Cenozoic, Regression analysis, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Paleotemperatures, Europe, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Paleogene, Geology, Nearest living relatives
Abstract

International audience; For 21 European leaf-floras (with a focus on Central Europe), which span a stratigraphic range from the Late Eocene to the Pliocene, paleoclimate estimates have been calculated using five different quantitative techniques: (a) leaf margin analysis (LMA1), using a regression model based on data from East Asia, (b) the multivariate Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Programm (CLAMP) technique, based on data from East Asia and N.-America, (c) a recently developed multivariate technique based on modern European vegetation (ELPA), (d) a provisional LMA regression model based on the vegetation of several wet localities from N.-America (LMA2), and e) the Coexistence Approach (CA), a technique based on comparisons with the nearest living relatives (NLRs) of fossil taxa. According to our results there seems to be certain discrepancies where the different techniques are compared for paleotemperatures estimates, depending mainly on the stratigraphic age of the floras. For Paleogene floras, both multivariate leaf physiognomic techniques are in rather good agreement with CA, although both techniques may differ considerably from each other. In contrast, for the Neogene, CLAMP shows a tendency to produce estimates that are considerably colder than CA, whereas ELPA, provides generally warmer estimates, and is in better agreement with CA and other independent evidence. Our results and interpretations add some caveats to temperature reconstructions based on leaf physiognomy, especially when applied to European floras from older periods (i.e. Paleogene, Cretaceous). Possible changes of the relationship between climate and leaf physiognomy over time should be taken into account as a possible source of error whenever such techniques are used. There is the possibility that the actual correlation between climate and leaf form may be modified by long-time evolutionary responses or floral changes, leading to erroneous paleoclimate estimates, if a calibration data-set is used, which is not suited for the region and time-interval in question. However, further research will be needed to test whether such changes in the relationship between climate and leaf physiognomy over time can also be detected on other continents, or whether this is a problem restricted to Europe.

Published
2007

5. Developments in techniques and methods related to rock magnetism

Author

France Lagroix, Adrian Muxworthy, Viktor Hoffmann, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southampton, Institute of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, and Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Geophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Rock magnetism, Space and Planetary Science, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2006

6. Black Sea outflow response to Holocene meltwater events.

Author

Herrle JO, Bollmann J, Gebühr C, Schulz H, Sheward RM, and Giesenberg A

Abstract

During the Holocene, North American ice sheet collapse and rapid sea-level rise reconnected the Black Sea with the global ocean. Rapid meltwater releases into the North Atlantic and associated climate change arguably slowed the pace of Neolithisation across southeastern Europe, originally hypothesized as a catastrophic flooding that fueled culturally-widespread deluge myths. However, we currently lack an independent record linking the timing of meltwater events, sea-level rise and environmental change with the timing of Neolithisation in southeastern Europe. Here, we present a sea surface salinity record from the Northern Aegean Sea indicative of two meltwater events at ~8.4 and ~7.6 kiloyears that can be directly linked to rapid declines in the establishment of Neolithic sites in southeast Europe. The meltwater events point to an increased outflow of low salinity water from the Black Sea driven by rapid sea level rise >1.4 m following freshwater outbursts from Lake Agassiz and the final decay of the Laurentide ice sheet. Our results shed new light on the link between catastrophic sea-level rise and the Neolithisation of southeastern Europe, and present a historical example of how coastal populations could have been impacted by future rapid sea-level rise.

Published
2018
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7. Lower Cretaceous fossils from China shed light on the ancestral body plan of crown softshell turtles (Trionychidae, Cryptodira).

Author

Brinkman D, Rabi M, and Zhao L

Subjects
Animals, Aquatic Organisms, Biological Evolution, China, Extinction, Biological, Turtles classification, Animal Shells anatomy & histology, Bone and Bones anatomy & histology, Fossils anatomy & histology, Phylogeny, Turtles anatomy & histology
Abstract

Pan-trionychids or softshell turtles are a highly specialized and widespread extant group of aquatic taxa with an evolutionary history that goes back to the Early Cretaceous. The earliest pan-trionychids had already fully developed the "classic" softshell turtle morphology and it has been impossible to resolve whether they are stem members of the family or are within the crown. This has hindered our understanding of the evolution of the two basic body plans of crown-trionychids. Thus it remains unclear whether the more heavily ossified shell of the cyclanorbines or the highly reduced trionychine morphotype is the ancestral condition for softshell turtles. A new pan-trionychid from the Early Cretaceous of Zhejiang, China, Perochelys hengshanensis sp. nov., allows a revision of softshell-turtle phylogeny. Equal character weighting resulted in a topology that is fundamentally inconsistent with molecular divergence date estimates of deeply nested extant species. In contrast, implied weighting retrieved Lower Cretaceous Perochelys spp. and Petrochelys kyrgyzensis as stem trionychids, which is fully consistent with their basal stratigraphic occurrence and an Aptian-Santonian molecular age estimate for crown-trionychids. These results indicate that the primitive morphology for soft-shell turtles is a poorly ossified shell like that of crown-trionychines and that shell re-ossification in cyclanorbines (including re-acquisition of peripheral elements) is secondary.

Published
2017
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8. An enigmatic crocodyliform tooth from the bauxites of western Hungary suggests hidden mesoeucrocodylian diversity in the Early Cretaceous European archipelago.

Author

Ősi A, Rabi M, and Makádi L

Abstract

Background. The Cretaceous of southern Europe was characterized by an archipelago setting with faunas of mixed composition of endemic, Laurasian and Gondwanan elements. However, little is known about the relative timing of these faunal influences. The Lower Cretaceous of East-Central Europe holds a great promise for understanding the biogeographic history of Cretaceous European biotas because of the former proximity of the area to Gondwana (as part of the Apulian microcontinent). However, East-Central European vertebrates are typically poorly known from this time period. Here, we report on a ziphodont crocodyliform tooth discovered in the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Alsópere Bauxite Formation of Olaszfalu, western Hungary. Methods. The morphology of the tooth is described and compared with that of other similar Cretaceous crocodyliforms. Results. Based on the triangular, slightly distally curved, constricted and labiolingually flattened crown, the small, subequal-sized true serrations on the carinae mesially and distally, the longitudinal fluting labially, and the extended shelves along the carinae lingually the tooth is most similar to some peirosaurid, non-baurusuchian sebecosuchian, and uruguaysuchid notosuchians. In addition, the paralligatorid Wannchampsus also possesses similar anterior teeth, thus the Hungarian tooth is referred here to Mesoeucrocodylia indet. Discussion. Supposing a notosuchian affinity, this tooth is the earliest occurrence of the group in Europe and one of the earliest in Laurasia. In case of a paralligatorid relationship the Hungarian tooth would represent their first European record, further expanding their cosmopolitan distribution. In any case, the ziphodont tooth from the Albian bauxite deposit of western Hungary belongs to a group still unknown from the Early Cretaceous European archipelago and therefore implies a hidden diversity of crocodyliforms in the area.

Published
2015
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