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This study extends research on buyer firm roles in improving supplier sustainability practices by considering institutions – norms and rules – in the organisational field in which suppliers and sub-suppliers operate, exerting pressures on these actors to align their respectivepractices. We introducethe resource-based view to arrive at a framework outlining key capabilities for institutional entrepreneurs that seek institutionalisation of corporate sustainability standards (CSS) as a new institution across a multi-tier supply chain. The paper draws on the results of an exploratory research study using six comparative case studies within four industries. While institutional entrepreneurship explains how organisations drive institutional change, the resource-based view outlines criteria for organisational capabilities enabling the focal firm to achieve the targeted institutional change. Our analysis suggests five key capabilities enabling a buying firm to effectively institutionalise their requirements in multi-tier supply chains: (1) inter-firm dialogue, (2) risk management, (3) external stakeholder collaboration, (4) cross-functional integration, and (5) continuous improvement. The key organisational capabilities identified help to extend the theory of institutional entrepreneurship with concepts that facilitate institutional change in multi-tier supply chains with respect to corporate sustainability. This exploratory work opens up avenues of additional research in general and supply chain theory development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how 15 Canadian local governments of various sizes and contexts are transitioning to a circular economy by analysing their roadmap currently in development. It provides qualitative insights into how physical, socioeconomic and institutional factors are influencing the content of roadmaps, along with their similarities and differences. Drawing from the literature on the geography of transitions, we show that while local physical and socioeconomic attributes typically shape the roadmaps by determining likely activities, their actual trajectory varies based on the roadmap instigators and the broader institutional contexts in which they operate. The findings suggest the importance of local governments supporting the roadmap instigators while also recognising that circular economy transition pathways can capitalise on policies and programs not only locally but beyond local boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how Ontario's craft brewers created new as well as disrupted and changed existing institutions at local and regional levels in the province's beer industry. Using a relational economic geography framework and a markets-as-practices perspective, this study highlights the brewer's collaborative and pro-social practices, showing how close inter-firm relations and engagement with local communities resulted in resource mobilization such as better access to financial capital and greater social capital, which mobilized public support for the industry, and ultimately which helped individual and collective institutional work efforts succeed. The findings are significant as they show how actors in the industry overcame the constraints imposed on them in an oligopolistic market dominated by multinational firms. It also posits craft brewers acted individually at a local scale as institutional entrepreneurs, revisiting criticisms around this concept. This research contributes to understanding how localized market actors can achieve broader institutional change and offers insights into the relationship between market practices and institutional work, including entrepreneurship in craft industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IMPACT: Three categories of institutional entrepreneurs are potentially capable of accomplishing multi-level accounting change processes, such as the issuing of European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS): the supranational, national and subnational. This article shows that, if the mediating role of national institutional entrepreneurs at the interface between supranational and subnational institutional entrepreneurs is limited, international accounting harmonization halts. The lessons in this article will be of particular value to accounting standard-setters and policy-makers in the field of public sector accounting. This article explores how international accounting standards-setting processes unfold over time. By applying the theoretical lens of collective institutional entrepreneurship this article reveals the reasons for the delays emerging in the European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS) programme. With a focus on the Italian national and subnational contexts, the findings suggest that collaboration among different categories of institutional entrepreneurs is difficult to accomplish in a multi-level accounting change process when the capacity for action is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of digital technologies within organizational settings is substantially impacting public administration (PA), reshaping its operational landscape and dynamics. However, prevalent approaches often adopt deterministic lenses, emphasizing techno-optimism and overlooking the nuanced, context-specific nature of PA digitalization. This paper looks at PA digitalization in a situated manner, by scrutinizing the use of digital technologies within specific organizational contexts. Focusing on a large-scale digitalization initiative within the Italian PA led by the Department for Digital Transformation (DTD), this study investigates how diverse governmental bodies endeavor to “govern” digitalization practices through a designated platform, PA2026. The DTD aims to homogenize digital practices across the Italian PA and the PA2026 platform is central to this mean, thus raising crucial questions regarding the role and functionality of digital platforms within PA frameworks. By also contextualizing the DTD’s initiatives within broader PA digitalization policies, this study aims to unravel the interplay between technology and institutionalization processes, shedding light on DTD’s actions as a form of institutional entrepreneurship, seeking to institutionalize specific digitalization practices and technologies within the Italian PA.

This paper scrutinises and interprets the competing perspectives arising from institutional analysis in higher education studies. Contradictory views in this field include the perception of converging trends versus escalating diversification, and the view of universities as entities resisting change contrasted with those characterised by continual evolution or innovation. These different viewpoints are methodically examined, informed by a wide range of literature on institutional theory and institutional analysis in higher education. In endeavouring to reconcile these divergent perspectives, this paper illuminates the intricacies of institutional behaviour in higher education. The theoretical discussions also pave the way for developing a holistic approach to institutional analysis in the field of higher education research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of institutional aspects on the transformation of the hospitality industry in Ukraine. The object of the study is the transformation processes of the hospitality industry, which took place under the influence of institutional factors. The paper analyses a number of scientific works by foreign and domestic scholars on understanding the concepts of "institution", "institute", "institutional environment" and its importance in the development of the hospitality industry in general. Methodology. The aim of the study is to analyse the impact of institutional factors on the transformational processes of development of the hospitality industry in Ukraine at the present stage. It is proposed to consider the institutional environment as a set of formal and informal institutions that at different levels have different impacts on the formation of the institutional system of society. The comparative characteristics of formal and informal institutions were compiled in order to clearly distinguish their differences and apply them correctly in building an effective institutional policy for the hospitality industry. It is proved that although formal institutions are relatively stable, their formation and preservation should be based on their perception by people in society as a factor in effectively solving certain problems. It was determined that Ukraine, as a country in a period of crisis (direct military action), should seriously consider institutional factors as a source of future direct investment, and weak institutional policies will raise concerns about the possibility of transferring management practices, procedures, and methods from other countries. The authors compiled a scheme of influence of factors on the formation of the institutional environment of the country as a whole and the hospitality industry, including political, legislative, economic, socio-cultural and ethical factors of influence. The publication examines the mutual influence of the institutional environment and the organisation, which is based on institutional ties, institutional pressure and institutional entrepreneurship. It has been found that an effective institutional environment stimulates the development of the hospitality industry, and a good institutional structure characterised by a strong rule of law, control of corruption, freedom of expression, a stable political environment, better regulation and good governance can open a new path for hospitality services. Conclusion. The results of the study are a significant contribution to the qualitative formation of the institutional environment of the hospitality industry.

Copyright of Accounting & Financial Studies Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many researchers experiment with participatory settings to increase public engagement in research and innovation (R&I). Because of their temporary nature, it often remains unclear how such participatory experiments can contribute to structural change. This paper empirically explores options for bridging this gap. It analyzes how participants can be supported to act as institutional entrepreneurs to actively promote public engagement in R&I. To draw lessons, we analyze empirical material gathered on nineteen Social Labs which were set up to promote the uptake of Responsible Research and Innovation in a European R&I funding program (Horizon 2020). Involvement of motivated participants, insight in their institutional context, and specific methods and management choices that enhance a sense of agency are identified as essential for organizing change. These findings and the resulting framework of interventions may prove valuable for further (action) research into the institutionalization of public engagement in R&I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on theories of transformational leadership and institutional entrepreneurship, this study explores the causal drivers that transformed a public organization involved in the construction of the Delhi Metro. It explores the under-examined antecedents that drive organizational change, seeking to understand the links between leadership and entrepreneurship and significant reforms in the operation of a public organization. This paper then refers to institutional structures, cultures, practices, and routines that were added or modified during the construction of a large public infrastructure project. Together, these actions demonstrate the value of transformational leadership and institutional entrepreneurship in action. The findings of the study affirm that transformational leadership and entrepreneurship can drive successful outcomes in a major public infrastructure organization. Observing and recording such changes in a specific longitudinal field study are a vital precursor to unlocking the infrastructural potential of a developing country like India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship may appear both paradoxical and opaque. We examine outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship by drawing on an in-depth qualitative case study of the emerging field of positive psychology education. We investigate how institutional entrepreneurs, located outside Kuwait's Ministry of Education, enabled actors inside the Ministry both to deviate from existing institutional arrangements and to institutionalize new practices. Our findings illustrate that outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields starts with 'normalization', that is, the production of claims, arguments, and evidence, about the effectiveness of the newly proposed practices. Our study contributes to the literature on outsider-driven institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields by identifying a set of critical activities associated with deviation from prevailing institutional arrangements, and the institutionalization of innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article expands understanding of how institutional biography informs institutional change by examining Conrad Hilton's role in building the global branded hotel chain (1946–1969). We show how an individual's institutional biography can play a pivotal role in their development as an institutional entrepreneur and the institutionalisation of a new organisational template. Biography, informed by the institutions individuals experience in their life trajectories, shapes the process by which an individual becomes an institutional entrepreneur; influencing the institutionalisation of a new template by enabling entrepreneurs to acquire a more central position within their field. Hilton's self-narrative became closely coupled with the 'grand narrative' of post-war U.S. capitalism. The Hilton case illustrates how institutional tensions, embracing national interests, corporate interests, and individual self-interest, can become distilled into the identity, choices, and ambitions – the personal biographical narrative – of individuals who play a formative role in the institutions they build, change, or disrupt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of developing individual "agency" (autonomy, proactivity, initiative, etc.), in education is widely discussed in scientific and practical circles. To systematize multi-disciplinary research elaborations in the field of "agency" as an umbrella concept, an analysis was carried out using keywords in the main scientific database Scopus. The analysis includes both publications that directly use the concept, and works using other close terms (resistance, autonomy, initiative, etc.). In addition, a sample of scientific publications of researchers, most authoritative in the field of practical educational policy was separately considered. The systematization of the key concepts and constructs was based on four main criteria: 1) the distinction between “agentic” action and intention/perspective, 2) the scale of the action, 3) the strategic/non-strategic nature of the intention/perspective, 4) the universal/local applicability of the concept or construct. The analysis showed a dominating focus on the "agentic perspective" in the discovered works, as well as a focus on micro-level and local manifestations and effects of “agentic” behavior or plans. From the point of view of empirical indicators of "agency" and related concepts, necessity for operationalization of the action-based and "strategic" manifestations of agency are revealed, which raises the question of the fundamental adequacy of the current approaches to measuring a human being dominating in contemporary mainstream of social sciences.

This article argues the cultural programming of the Olympics is an exercise in soft power and it illuminates instances of institutional entrepreneurship using London 2012 as a case. Specifically, it reviews and critiques Joseph Nye's concept using explicit Olympic examples. The article highlights new organizational formats using work by Steve Maguire, Cynthia Hardy and Thomas Lawrence to examine the structure of the London Olympic Organizing Committee, creation of the opening ceremony, and the World Shakespeare Festival. Using case study methodology, it explores how the International Olympic Committee and local organizing committee engaged with institutional entrepreneurship during the London 2012 Olympics to create new structures for the organizing committee and implement the cultural programming to exercise soft power. Ultimately, the London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games' new, hybrid public-private structure functioned as a resource for the production and implementation of the Games because it impacted autonomy and accountability, which influenced the committee's ability to exercise soft power. This work emphasizes how institutional entrepreneurship activities occurs within large organizations like the International Olympic Committee highlights how institutions consistently change to reflect the needs of stakeholders, but the goals of the Olympic Games remain the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is facing challenges to reduce carbon emissions, the complex interplay between socioeconomic dynamics and environmental sustainability is of utmost importance. In the context of the BRICS nations—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—this study explores the intricate interactions between institutional entrepreneurship, institutional innovation, poverty reduction, social globalization, urbanization, and social entrepreneurship as well as their combined effects on the carbon footprint over the period of 1990 to 2021. This work examines the multi-dimensional interactions inside this nexus using a thorough analytical strategy that includes the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS), and Robust regression approaches. Institutional entrepreneurship and innovation are the main forces behind institutional change and may have an impact on how people behave in terms of the environment. Strategies for reducing poverty frequently involve greater resource usage, which has an impact on carbon footprint. Examining social globalization's impact on carbon footprints is necessary given how it affects consumer habits and economic activity. Rapid urbanization is a dual problem because it spurs both increased energy demand and novel sustainability measures. With its emphasis on community-driven solutions, social entrepreneurship can provide regional solutions to reduce poverty and carbon emissions. The study's findings provide policymakers, practitioners, and researchers with insights into the complex web of socio-economic factors that underlies carbon footprint fluctuations. This research paves the way for informed policy decisions, sustainable business practices, and the pursuit of harmonious development that addresses both economic aspirations and environmental imperatives within the BRICS countries by illuminating the connections between institutional entrepreneurship, innovation, poverty reduction, social globalization, urbanization, social entrepreneurship, and carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) implements creative placemaking (CPM) policy by forging and coordinating a broad-based national policy network. This article visualizes and analyzes the national CPM policy network based on hyperlinks on the policy actors' websites. By unpacking the roles, resources, and affected interests of policy actors and their relationships with each other in the policy network, this article finds that the NEA exercises institutional entrepreneurship through CPM policy with four governance strategies: (1) seek legitimacy by re-activating federal interagency relations; (2) reorient and expand arts constituencies through existing governance infrastructure and new brokers; (3) develop discursive strategy and advance policy implementation through consulting and research organizations, and (4) diversify financial support by reaching out to banks and foundations. In the entrepreneurial process, the NEA also develops a mutually reinforcing mechanism of public value, financial stability, and artistic vitality with the governance strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to understand what factors drive transformation of the national innovation system of a transition economy. The case study is based on 32 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with major stakeholders of Lithuanian innovation system. The paper contributes to national innovation system literature by revealing the importance of the human agency role in the process of institutional change. It sheds light on institutional entrepreneurship as the key mechanism that stimulates institutional change and the overall transformation of the innovation system. It shows that institutional entrepreneurs reinforce institutional change through various internal and external pressures. The qualitative findings have important implications for academics, policy makers and managers in all transition countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repugnant innovation is a form of evasive entrepreneurship that occurs in repugnant markets. Repugnance is an informal institution – controlled by long-lived norms, attitudes, customs and traditions – and repugnant innovation acts to shift institutions at the lowest level of the institutional stack. The paper considers three examples of repugnant innovation: e-cigarettes, online gambling, and webcam modelling. Each repugnant innovation challenges the complex mixture of material and moral concerns that contributes to repugnance in their respective markets. The paper adds to and expands on a body of evidence about innovation in apparently unsupportive institutional environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used New Institutional Theory to explore how entrepreneurial activities in support units contribute to digital transformation in higher education in Norway. We describe how entrepreneurs initiated and operationalized support for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), micro-credentials and fully online courses in pockets of innovation within existing institutional arrangements. An ambition was to understand why capacity building for digital transformation in a country described by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as digitally mature is lagging behind other countries. We obtained our data from qualitative interviews with faculties and staff involved in fully online course production. The informants were chosen through strategic sampling from support units and faculties, where they filled different roles in the production of such online courses. Our findings describe entrepreneurial activities that strongly contributed to the emerging social field of digital transformation. Located in pockets of innovation, the entrepreneurs provided open digital platforms, a pedagogy for online course design and support for faculties who engaged in online course production. Yet, the findings also confirm previous research pointing out how the lack of supportive leadership may impede successful digital transformation in higher education institutions. The study concludes with a model for digital maturity which may be useful to researchers and stakeholders. The model can also support entrepreneurial processes in online environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research has advanced several explanations for entrepreneurial success in nascent markets but leaves a key imperative unexplored: the business model. By studying five ventures in a nascent financial-technology market, we develop a novel theoretical framework for understanding how entrepreneurs effectively design business models: parallel play. Similar to parallel play by preschoolers, entrepreneurs engaged in parallel play interweave action, cognition, and timing to accelerate learning about a novel world. Specifically, they (1) borrow from peers and focus on established substitutes for their services or products, (2) test assumptions, then commit to a broad business-model template, and (3) pause before elaborating the activity system. The insights from our framework contribute to research on optimal distinctiveness and to the learning and evolutionary-adjustment literatures. More broadly, we blend organization theory with a fresh theoretical lens—business-model processes—to highlight how organizations actually work and create value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formal institutions, for example, regulations, are considered crucial determinants of entrepreneurship, but what enables regulatory change when there is a regulatory void, meaning entrepreneurship clashes with existing regulations? Drawing on public choice theory, we hypothesize that regulatory freedom facilitates the introduction of legislation to fill such voids. We test this hypothesis using unique data documenting the time for ridesharing to become legalized at the state level across the United States following its local (and often illegal) rollout. Results suggest states with greater regulatory freedom passed ridesharing legislation quicker, highlighting an underappreciated way that extant regulatory freedom facilitates the accommodation of entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to analyze how and why divergent institutional changes occurred in a government agency. While there is evidence of research on the concept of collective action and involvement in the literature on institutional entrepreneurship, the focus has been at the macro and field levels, with scarce attention being given to the topic at the micro and organizational levels. This study addresses this gap in the literature, drawing on the institutional entrepreneurship process model of Battilana, Leca, and Boxenbaum (The Academy of Management Annals), in combination with literature on collective action. The methodology involved a longitudinal case study, in which data were collected through extensive interviews and documentation analysis. Based on findings showing that the divergence change process could not be achieved without the support of organizational collective involvement, a refined version of the Battilana et al. entrepreneurial model is proposed. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-017 Full Text: PDF

NCAA Division I athletic departments have pervasive issues related to diversity, equity, and inclusion. A possible remedy is the adoption of Athletic Diversity and Inclusion Officers (ADIO). Diversity leaders are espoused to challenge and address inequitable organizational contexts. The current study examined if Black women ADIOs have the agentic abilities to lead and enact divergent DEI practices in their Division I athletic departments. Drawing upon institutional entrepreneurship, we demonstrate the complexities of leading divergent change related to DEI in Division I NCAA collegiate athletic departments, the difficulties of ADIOs achieving legitimacy, and highlight how dominant organizational actors serve as barriers to ADIO's introduction of divergent DEI practices. Lastly, the race-gendered identity of ADIOs in this study hindered their ability to achieve a successful subject position. These findings demonstrate that a ADIO's desire for divergent change, does not guarantee it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent past has witnessed a great proliferation of sharing economy platforms with great successes, but also many failures on their journey toward institutionalization, that is, their establishment and acceptance in society. To develop insight on factors contributing to this institutionalization process, this paper relies on the literature in institutional entrepreneurship and investigates sharing economy platforms in China, highlighting institutional voids that are encountered, and suggesting ways on how they can be overcome. These insights are derived through a multiple case study approach involving 61 semi‐structured interviews with managers from eight sharing economy platforms (DiDi, Uber China, Huochebang, Yunmanman, OfO, Mobike, Evcard, and Zhida) across four sharing economy industries in China (ride‐sharing, logistics‐sharing, bike‐sharing, and car‐sharing). The findings highlight the importance of exchange and collaboration with stakeholders (allies) in the network, as well as the effective response to emerging issues through the adaptation of the business models. In addition, mergers and acquisitions, and the role of government are identified as critical components in aiding platforms in their progression toward institutionalization. Further cognitive, regulative, and normative factors are found to represent valuable institutional pillars that serve as a fertile foundation throughout the institutionalization process. Overall, the findings provide an intriguing insight into the journey of Chinese sharing economy platforms toward institutionalization. Highlights: This paper highlights institutional voids that need to be overcome on sharing economy platforms' journeys toward institutionalization in China, together with advice on how to overcome these voids.Insights were developed based on a multiple case study approach involving 61 semi‐structured interviews with managers from eight sharing economy platforms (DiDi, Uber China, Huochebang, Yunmanman, OfO, Mobike, Evcard, and Zhida,) across four sharing economy industries in China (ride‐sharing, logistics‐sharing, bike‐sharing, and car‐sharing).Chinese sharing economy platforms can overcome institutional voids on their journey from fragmentation to institutionalization by leveraging increased exchange and collaboration with stakeholders, by effectively responding to emerging issues and adjusting their business models accordingly, by leveraging capital forces in the form of mergers and acquisition, by leveraging authority forces in the form of governmental regulations, and by leveraging institutional pillars as a valuable foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over two decades, proponents of "ecosystem services" approaches have endeavored to transform the field of biodiversity conservation. In this article, I examine the work of the Natural Capital Project to show how the "mainstreaming" of ecosystem services has required not just hard work but specific forms of work performed by specific types of actors with specific sets of capabilities working through characteristic sorts of organizational contexts. I draw on key theorizations from organization studies to interpret the politics of ecosystem services and conceptualize the conditions (fragmented fields), practices (bricolage), actors (institutional entrepreneurs), and power relations (hegemonic) which have together comprised this work and underpinned ongoing efforts to realign the organizational forms and functions of mainstream conservation. I emphasize how tracing these micro-social foundations—the embedded agencies of those using ecosystem services to contextually negotiate real-world conservation interventions—is crucial to understanding the dynamics of broader and increasingly pronounced macro-institutional shifts in conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communities, scientists, policy-makers and industries are requiring farmers to address environmental and wellbeing challenges in their on-farm management, transitioning away from a productivity dominated focus towards a multi-faceted system focus that includes environmental and social values. This paper analyses how Miraka Ltd., an Aotearoa-New Zealand indigenous owned and operated milk company, has taken on the role of institutional entrepreneur to enable and support change towards a multi-faceted system amongst its supply farmers. Observations and interviews were carried out to: (i) identify farmers' changes in practices, beliefs and values over the last ten years; and (ii) identify how Miraka functions as an indigenous entrepreneur in the agricultural sector. Findings show that interviewees were initially guided by business and family-oriented values, beliefs and practices, but in response to the institutional entrepreneurship by Miraka, approximately half of the interviewees changed these values, beliefs and practices, by internalising people and environmental values. The main strategies employed by Miraka were mobilisation of material resources such as incentives and awards, creation of a rationale addressing environmental and social concerns in the dairy sector, and proactive connection with new actors. The research shows an indigenous owned small-medium enterprise can make changes in values, beliefs and practices amongst its supply farmers, but requires a stronger shared base of values to contribute to a wider economic change. The discussion connects these findings to wider literature on diverse economies and indigenous entrepreneurship to identify to what extent an indigenous small-medium enterprise can contribute to a system change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article adopts an institutional view to rethink consumer resistance. Two types of consumers who resist market domination are identified: "rebels" and "entryists." Rebels are able to consume but do not want to and oppose all or part of the market, whereas entryists want to consume but are kept out of the market. These two categories of resistant consumers are regarded as institutional entrepreneurs because they attempt to shape established institutions. Rebels are game changers, their resistance aims at disrupting market and consumption practices while entryists are justiciaries, their resistance aims at empowering those who are left behind. Implications for marketing of this renewed vision of consumer resistance are discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper redefines hybrid practice as a form of creative institutional design rooted in the problems of dealing with multiple forms of value, an area in which the arts offer pioneering cases for general theory-building around external amalgamation of existing legal forms, internal design within hybrid legal forms, and field-building across communities and economic systems. Informed by, but distinct from, implicitly neoliberal and social-impact literatures on institutional entrepreneurship, hybridity, and agency, this framework extends theories of effectuation to argue for a view of arts entrepreneurship as a laboratory for complex problem-solving both within and well beyond the arts.

In this essay, we argue that it is folly to stake the legitimacy and value of entrepreneurship research on the uniqueness of its theory. A better path is to orient around questions where we are uniquely positioned to create useful and important knowledge. To this end, we anchor on Venkataraman's seminal definition and argue that entrepreneurship research should focus on understanding the outcomes of venture creation not just for founders, but also for other stakeholders and society as a whole. Moreover, we argue that generating robust insight into these questions requires contributions from multiple perspectives, and this makes our field's theoretical diversity a great and under-appreciated asset. Drawing on the metaphor of "borderlands," we argue that embracing and leveraging diversity can help to address important social and environmental problems while also laying a foundation for the unique identity so long sought by the members of our field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internationalization has become intertwined with efforts for institutions to compensate for declines in public funding with the development of new revenue streams. The purpose of this study is to understand the social construction of entrepreneurship in internationalization in the United States as well as explore the multiple meanings of entrepreneurship and its contradictions in discourse among senior international officers. The findings discuss and explore competing views, tensions and ethical complexities of the 'new entrepreneurism' increasingly common in internationalization, which blends creative problem‐solving with pressures for revenue generation. The findings of this study illustrate that as the world faces genuine existential crises that threaten the continued existence of our species on the planet, internationalization is in the midst of an identity crisis. The drift towards privatization is proving to be increasingly unsustainable and an entirely insufficient response to the existential threats that face the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As agents of strategic institutional change, institutional entrepreneurs (IEs) draw resources from their structural environment to alter the structural context in which they are embedded. In this article, we explore which resources IEs mobilize in different structural settings. We distinguish between (positional or free) field resources and personal resources, all of which may be material, cultural, social, symbolic or political in kind. Our review of leading case studies of institutional entrepreneurship shows that centrally positioned IEs draw primarily on organizational positional resources. By contrast, peripherally positioned IEs rely mainly on the skilful mobilization of free resources as well as on the personal resources of individuals. Also the field's degree of institutionalization has an impact on IEs' resources: in emerging fields where field positions and field boundaries are not yet defined, resources must be imported from mature fields. Furthermore, although resource-poor peripheral IEs may set off institution-building processes in emerging fields, they are usually superseded by central organizational actors during later stages of institution-building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how local governments can develop new practices in labour integration policy through cross-sector collaborations, and the role of territorial embeddedness in enabling them. The paper is informed by three initiatives for labour market integration of immigrants led by the city district of an urban suburb in the city of Göteborg, in collaboration with actors from the public sector, private sector, and civil society. The paper contributes to research into institutional entrepreneurship and local governments. First, it shows the importance of undermining old, or traditional, practices in labour market integration as part of the process of developing new ones. It also reveals how new practices and organizational forms are added to existing ones, instead of replacing them. Thus, expanding the scope of the public sector in the local labour market integration policy field through elaborative rather than radical change. Second, it reveals the importance to diffuse the new practices, beyond the boundaries of the collaboration that facilitates their creation. Third, the paper illustrates how, rather than hindering, the territorial embeddedness of these collaborative coalitions in marginalized urban suburbs provides access to a wide repertoire of resources, practices, and ideas to facilitate change. Paradoxically, the territorial embeddedness also hampered the diffusion of new practices in the broader field of labour market integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]