1. How reproducible are surface areas calculated from the BET equation?
- Author
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Christian Serre, Peyman Z. Moghadam, Feng P, Rama Oktavian, Lin R, Ting, Telalovic S, Omar M. Yaghi, Mark D. Allendorf, Russell E. Morris, Muhammad Sadiq, Philip L. Llewellyn, Jonathan L. Snider, Stavila, Matthew J. Rosseinsky, Hou B, Pütz A, Daniel W. Siderius, Rowlandson J, Randall Q. Snurr, van der Veen M, Nguyen T, Kaneko K, Linares N, Félix Zamora, Zhou H, Camille Petit, Sebastian T. Emmerling, Aran Lamaire, Cui Y, David G. Madden, Salcedo-Abraira P, Krista S. Walton, Soumya Mukherjee, Karam B. Idrees, Doheny Pw, Timur Islamoglu, Azevedo Dcs, Conchi O. Ania, Bu X, Zang X, Martin Schröder, Vilarrasa-García E, Michael T. Huxley, Ken-ichi Otake, Sanchez E, Rega D, Vanspeybroeck, Georges Mouchaham, Carmen Montoro, Lee Sj, David Danaci, Goncalves Rb, Yamil J. Colón, Patricia Horcajada, David S. Sholl, David Fairen-Jimenez, Shane G. Telfer, Bethany M. Connolly, Christian J. Doonan, Ryan P. Lively, D’Alessandro D, Raffaele Ricco, Paul S. Wheatley, Clowes R, Bettina V. Lotsch, Alexandros P. Katsoulidis, François-Xavier Coudert, Dominic Bara, Garcia-Martinez J, Carlos Martí-Gastaldo, Yavuz C, Chen B, Matthew R. Hill, Ross S. Forgan, Shuhei Furukawa, Ghosha Sk, Johannes W.M. Osterrieth, Jack D. Evans, Jorge A. R. Navarro, Suarez Ja, Zhang B, João Marreiros, Jorge Gascon, Neil R. Champness, Kenvin J, Yang S, Iiyuka T, Nakul Rampal, Daniel Maspoch, falcaro p, Rampersad J, Han X, Jacopo Andreo, Benoit Coasne, Yang H, Angelo K, Stefan Wuttke, Santos Bf, Chenyue Sun, Susumu Kitagawa, Luka Skoric, Moreton Jc, Rob Ameloot, Muñoz N, DeWitt Sja, Uemura T, Sven Rogge, Seda Keskin, Lukas W. Bingel, Raghuram Thyagarajan, Mircea Dincă, Seth M. Cohen, Bunzen H, Kukobat R, Omar K. Farha, Sarah L. Griffin, Chen L, University of St Andrews. EaSTCHEM, University of St Andrews. School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris (IMAP ), Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Sandia National Laboratories [Livermore], Sandia National Laboratories - Corporation, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Ceará = Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Nankai University (NKU), University of Augsburg (UNIA), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), University of Liverpool, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Shanghai Jiaotong University, The University of Sydney, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Adelaide, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Graz University of Technology [Graz] (TU Graz), Northwestern University [Evanston], University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of Glasgow, Kyoto University, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune (IISER Pune), Monash university, Instituto IMDEA Energy [Madrid], Instituto IMDEA Energía, Shinshu University [Nagano], Koç University, Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], TotalEnergies, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Universitat de València (UV), Universidad de Alicante, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], University of Saint Andrews, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Imperial College London, University of Manchester [Manchester], École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), Massey University, University of Bristol [Bristol], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Texas A&M University [College Station], Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Molecular (NANOMOL), European Commission, European Research Council, University of Cambridge, Trinity College Cambridge, National Nuclear Security Administration (US), Department of Energy (US), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Science and Engineering Research Board (India), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Research Foundation - Flanders, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), National Research Foundation of Korea, Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education, National Institute of Standards and Technology (US), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Avcı, Seda Keskin (ORCID 0000-0001-5968-0336 & YÖK ID 40548), Osterrieth, J.W.M., Rampersad, J., Madden, D., Rampal, N., Skoric, L., Connolly, B., Allendorf, M.D., Stavila, V., Snider, J.L., Ameloot, R., Marreiros, J., Ania, C., Azevedo, D., Vilarrasa-Garcia, E., Santos, B.F., Bu, X.H., Chang, Z., Bunzen, H., Champness, N.R., Griffin, S.L., Chen, B., Lin, R.B., Coasne, B., Cohen, S., Moreton, J.C., Colón, Y.J., Chen, L., Clowes, R., Coudert, F.X., Cui, Y., Hou, B., D'Alessandro, D.M., Doheny, P.W., Dinc?, M., Sun, C., Doonan, C., Huxley, M.T., Evans, J.D., Falcaro, P., Ricco, R., Farha, O., Idrees, K.B., Islamoglu, T., Feng, P., Yang, H., Forgan, R.S., Bara, D., Furukawa, S., Sanchez, E., Gascon, J., Telalovi?, S., Ghosh, S.K., Mukherjee, S., Hill, M.R., Sadiq, M.M., Horcajada, P., Salcedo-Abraira, P., Kaneko, K., Kukobat, R., Kenvin, J., Kitagawa, S., Otake, K.I., Lively, R.P., DeWitt, S.J.A., Llewellyn, P., Lotsch, B.V., Emmerling, S.T., Pütz, A.M., Martí-Gastaldo, C., Padial, N.M., García-Martínez, J., Linares, N., Maspoch, D., Suárez Del Pino, J.A., Moghadam, P., Oktavian, R., Morris, R.E., Wheatley, P.S., Navarro, J., Petit, C., Danacı, D., Rosseinsky, M.J., Katsoulidis, A.P., Schröder, M., Han, X., Yan, S., Serre, C., Mouchaham, G., Sholl, D.S., Thyagarajan, R., Siderius, D., Snurr, R.Q., Goncalves, R.B., Telfer, S., Lee, S.J., Ting, V.P., Rowlandson, J.L., Uemura T, Iiyuka, T., van derVeen, Monique A., Rega, Davide, Van Speybroeck, Veronique, Rogge, Sven M. J., Lamaire, Aran, Walton, Krista S., Bingel, Lukas W., Wuttke, Stefan, Andreo, Jacopo, Yaghi, Omar, Zhang, Bing, Yavuz, Cafer T., Nguyen, Thien S., Zamora, Felix, Montoro, Carmen, Zhou, Hongcai, Kirchon, Angelo, Fairen-Jimenez, David, College of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, UAM. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Fairen-Jimenez, David [0000-0002-5013-1194], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Surface (mathematics) ,Technology ,Chemistry, Multidisciplinary ,Surface area ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,GAS-STORAGE ,Surface Area Analysis ,General Materials Science ,Porous materials ,QD ,BET theory ,Chemistry, Physical ,Nanoporous ,Physics ,1. No poverty ,Química ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,3rd-DAS ,Reproducibilities ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry ,Chemistry ,Physics, Condensed Matter ,Mechanics of Materials ,Physical Sciences ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,0210 nano-technology ,Porosity ,Materials Science ,APPLICABILITY ,Materials Science, Multidisciplinary ,Nanotechnology ,010402 general chemistry ,Physics, Applied ,METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS ,Adsorption ,Porosimetry ,[CHIM]Chemical Sciences ,ddc:530 ,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology ,MCC ,Química Inorgánica ,Science & Technology ,Mechanical Engineering ,Science and technology ,Reproducibility of Results ,QD Chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Physics and Astronomy ,Brunauer Emmett Tellers - Abstract
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (NanoMOFdeli), ERC-2016-COG 726380, Innovate UK (104384) and EPSRC IAA (IAA/RG85685). N.R. acknowledges the support of the Cambridge International Scholarship and the TrinityHenry Barlow Scholarship (Honorary). O.K.F. and R.Q.S. acknowledge funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-08ER15967). R.S.F. and D.B. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (SCoTMOF), ERC-2015-StG 677289. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, through the Hydrogen Storage Materials Advanced Research Consortium (HyMARC). This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government. J.D.E. acknowledges the support of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing (ZIH) at TU Dresden. S.K.G. and S.M. acknowledge SERB (Project No. CRG/2019/000906), India for financial support. K.K. and R.K. acknowledge Active Co. Research Grant for funding. S.K. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (COSMOS), ERC-2017-StG 756489. N.L. and J.G.M acknowledge funding from the European Commission through the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2019 program (ZEOBIOCHEM -872102) and the Spanish MICINN and AEI/FEDER (RTI2018-099504-B-C21). N.L. thanks the University of Alicante for funding (UATALENTO17-05). ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from the Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706) S.M.J.R. and A.L. wish to thank the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), under grant nos. 12T3519N and 11D2220N. L.S. was supported by the EPSRC Cambridge NanoDTC EP/L015978/1. C.T.Y. and T.S.N. acknowledges funds from the National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF-2017M3A7B4042140 and NRF-2017M3A7B4042235. P.F. and H. Y. acknowledge US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division under Award No. DE-SC0010596 (P.F.). R.O. would like to acknowledge funding support during his Ph.D. study from Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education-LPDP with the contract No. 202002220216006. Daniel Siderius: Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), not subject to copyright in the United States of America. Daniel Siderius: Certain commercially available items may be identified in this paper. This identification does not imply recommendation by NIST, nor does it imply that it is the best available for the purposes described. B.V.L, S.T.E and A.M.P acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Grant agreement no. 639233, COFLeaf)., Porosity and surface area analysis play a prominent role in modern materials science. At the heart of this sits the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory, which has been a remarkably successful contribution to the field of materials science. The BET method was developed in the 1930s for open surfaces but is now the most widely used metric for the estimation of surface areas of microand mesoporous materials. Despite its widespread use, the calculation of BET surface areas causes a spread in reported areas, resulting in reproducibility problems in both academia and industry. To prove this, for this analysis, 18 already-measured raw adsorption isotherms were provided to sixty-one labs, who were asked to calculate the corresponding BET areas. This roundrobin exercise resulted in a wide range of values. Here, the reproducibility of BET area determination from identical isotherms is demonstrated to be a largely ignored issue, raising critical concerns over the reliability of reported BET areas. To solve this major issue, a new computational approach to accurately and systematically determine the BET area of nanoporous materials is developed. The software, called “BET surface identification” (BETSI), expands on the well-known Rouquerol criteria and makes an unambiguous BET area assignment possible., European Research Council (ERC) ERC-2016-COG 726380 ERC-2015-StG 677289 ERC-2017-StG 756489 639233, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI) Innovate UK 104384 UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) IAA/RG85685, Cambridge International Scholarship TrinityHenry Barlow Scholarship, United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-FG02-08ER15967, National Nuclear Security Administration DE-NA-0003525, United States Department of Energy (DOE), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing (ZIH) at TU Dresden, Department of Science & Technology (India), Science Engineering Research Board (SERB), India CRG/2019/000906, Active Co. Research Grant, European Commission through the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2019 program ZEOBIOCHEM -872102, Spanish MICINN and AEI/FEDER RTI2018-099504-B-C21, University of Alicante UATALENTO17-05, Spanish Government SEV-2017-0706 FWO 12T3519N 11D2220N, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/L015978/1, National Research Foundation of Korea NRF-2017M3A7B4042140 NRF-2017M3A7B4042235, United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-SC0010596, Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education-LPDP 202002220216006
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- 2022
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