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ESG (environmental, social and governance) indicators play a strategically vital role in improving the sustainability performance of companies. A truly sustainable company could succeed and survive by taking into account the environmental, social, and governance aspects of sustainability in line with the goals and values of society within the framework of corporate social responsibility. However, no past study has explored all aspects of sustainability, particularly in the context of evaluating insurance companies in emerging economies. Due to climate change and population growth, the need for products and services provided by insurance companies is increasing day by day. To address this issue, the current study puts forward an intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) decision support framework for assessing the sustainability performance of insurance companies based on ESG factors. More specifically, the present paper develops a novel fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology to rank and assess the ESG performance of non-life insurance companies in Turkey through the combination of the compromise ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution (CRADIS) framework and IF sets, which results in a new approach called intuitionistic fuzzy CRADIS (IF-CRADIS). Concerning the results, human right, workforce, and environmental innovations are the vital drivers for the ESG performance of insurance companies. Additionally, the results of IF-CRADIS indicate that Türkiye Sigorta is the top-performing insurer, whereas Eureko Sigorta is the one with the lowest-performance. Finally, sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the introduced model has a maximally consistent and stable MCDM framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The insurance industry, as one of the important sectors in the global economy, has a role in addressing environmental challenges through initiatives such as green information technology. Green IT in insurance refers to the adoption of environmentally friendly practices and technologies in the insurance industry in order to reduce carbon footprints and contribute to sustainable efforts. The purpose of this research is to present the framework for the implementation of green information technology in insurance as a guideline for the successful implementation of green information technology and to determine the actions of insurance companies to implement green information technology and create a sustainable environment. METHODS: The research method is hybrid or combined (literature review, work in the field and final analysis). The qualitative method of this research is based on a systematic review. First, the basic framework of information technology implementation was obtained using content analysis of articles. Then, to present the final framework specific to the insurance industry, an interview was conducted with insurance industry experts. After that, the obtained framework was validated by the experts by sending a questionnaire and calculating the CVR coefficient of Lawshe. FINDINGS: The findings reveal the necessity of ecological sustainability as a reality. The result of this study contains 34 categories and 8 major dimensions, including implementation drivers, resources and organizational capabilities for green IT implementation, standards and criteria, strategy, green application (use), green scrapping and the consequences of green IT implementation. And it shows the responsible actions of insurance companies to reduce pollution and protect the environment. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the most common factor in the implementation of green information technology is the reduction of electricity consumption, the social responsibility of the company towards the environment, and the existence of organizational and government rules and regulations in insurance companies. The findings of this research have addressed the research problem by developing the implementation framework of green information technology in the insurance industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry 5.0 poses many challenges for insurance companies. This article explores the impact of sustainable competitive advantage on firm performance under the moderator effect of government policies in Vietnamese insurance companies. The study surveyed 248 leaders at insurance companies and used the PLS-SEM method to analyze the data in two steps. The research results show that sustainable competitive advantage is positively influenced by infrastructure capacity, digital orientation, market orientation, and innovation capacity. Sustainable competitive advantage has a strong effect on firm performance. The results also confirm the mediating role of sustainable competitive advantage and the moderating role of government policy. From there, the implication of a solution for insurance companies has been proposed. This study has provided significant empirical evidence for stakeholder theory and dynamic capability theory in the insurance industry, an area where research findings are still ambiguous. Additionally, the study also offers guidelines to assist insurance firms in locating and cultivating the best resources to improve their competitiveness and advance sustainable development. Article highlights: Identify the relationship between dynamic competency components, including market orientation, digital orientation, innovation capacity, and technology infrastructure capacity of Vietnamese insurance companies in Industry 5.0. Explore the intermediary role of sustainable competitive advantages with market orientation, digital orientation, innovation capacity, technology infrastructure capacity, and firm performance. Using stakeholder theory and dynamic resource theory to explore the role of government policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Industry 5.0 poses many challenges for insurance companies. This article explores the impact of sustainable competitive advantage on firm performance under the moderator effect of government policies in Vietnamese insurance companies. The study surveyed 248 leaders at insurance companies and used the PLS-SEM method to analyze the data in two steps. The research results show that sustainable competitive advantage is positively influenced by infrastructure capacity, digital orientation, market orientation, and innovation capacity. Sustainable competitive advantage has a strong effect on firm performance. The results also confirm the mediating role of sustainable competitive advantage and the moderating role of government policy. From there, the implication of a solution for insurance companies has been proposed. This study has provided significant empirical evidence for stakeholder theory and dynamic capability theory in the insurance industry, an area where research findings are still ambiguous. Additionally, the study also offers guidelines to assist insurance firms in locating and cultivating the best resources to improve their competitiveness and advance sustainable development.

'Nat Cats' sound fuzzy and adorable. They're not. Hurricanes, wildfires, flooding, extreme heat, and other natural catastrophes are now so common that the insurance industry has given them a cutesy [...]

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The automotive supply chain is one of the top eight value chains that cause 50% of global emissions. Despite its significance, limited literature has researched the role of insurance companies in addressing automotive supply chain emissions. This research explores strategies developed by insurance companies for addressing carbon emissions in the automotive supply chain in the UK. It employs a qualitative multiple case study approach and conducts in-depth analysis of main drivers, barriers, and strategies in four insurance companies in addressing automotive supply chain emissions. It finds that cost savings and competitive advantage, changing mindset, impending regulation, market changes, and increased connectedness are the main drivers. But further progress is slowed down by five main barriers: 'the complexity of tracking and quantifying emissions', 'conflicts of interest in the supply chain', 'skill shortage', 'lack of accountability', and 'profit prioritisation'. To overcome this, the study establishes five main strategies for insurance companies to follow: 'circular business model with green parts and repair-over-replace methodologies', 'supply chain collaboration', 'quantifying emissions and setting key performance indicators', 'higher weighting for ESG in tenders and policies', and 'education and awareness'. If followed correctly, businesses will be able to achieve 'emission reductions', 'gain competitive advantage', and 'reduce costs in the supply chain'. Taking into account these findings and the academic literature, this study develops a framework for insurance companies to mitigate automotive supply chain emissions. This is one of the first papers to study carbon emissions in automotive supply chains from the perspective of the insurance industry. It provides practical implications for the insurance industry in developing carbon emission strategies in automotive supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the performance of insurance companies globally using the Porter Five Forces framework. The method employed is a structured literature review, which allows researchers to systematically and transparently identify, select, and evaluate relevant literature. The study results indicate that the Porter Five Forces model is an effective tool for analyzing competitive forces within the insurance industry. These findings provide valuable insights for insurance companies to develop more effective strategies to compete in the global market. The conclusion of the study emphasizes the importance of understanding competitive dynamics to maintain the competitiveness and economic stability of insurance companies. The implications of this research suggest the need for targeted interventions and innovative strategies to address the increasingly complex challenges of the insurance industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to examine the relationships and impact of organizational agility and crisis management in insurance companies by measuring them. The significance of this study is as follows: As there is no quantitative study in the management literature that addresses organizational agility and crisis management in insurance companies, this study contributes to filling this gap in the literature. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of organizational agility on crisis management processes within the insurance industry. The methodology employed in this research comprises the collection and analysis of data through a review of the relevant literature and the administration of surveys or interviews to companies operating within the insurance sector. In the context of the dynamic environment of the insurance industry, the role of organizational agility is of significant importance in the effective management of crises and the development of corporate resilience. The principles of organizational agility can be manifested in a variety of strategies, each tailored to the specific risks present in the insurance industry. The implementation of agile practices may be impeded by factors such as resistance to change, the presence of legacy systems, and regulatory constraints. Overcoming these obstacles therefore depends on the presence of strong leadership, the investment of resources in employee training, and the establishment of a culture of learning. Managers in the insurance industry can enhance their organizations' agility during crises by strengthening their teams, fostering a culture of adaptability, and prioritizing continuous improvement. This study examines the impact of organizational agility on crisis management in the insurance sector. In order to achieve these objectives, the findings were obtained by applying a survey technique to 392 employees in the insurance sector in Istanbul. The findings indicate a positive correlation between organizational agility and crisis management in the insurance sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Insurance industry is a knowledge-based industry by nature. Therefore, knowledge management strategy can be considered a factor for the success of insurance companies. Considering the importance of this issue, knowing its drivers and inhibitors in insurance will play an essential role in the successful implementation of knowledge management in insurance companies. Accordingly, the main goal of the research is to identify the driving and inhibiting factors of the implementation of knowledge management in insurance industry. METHODS: The current research is developmental-applied in terms of its purpose and is categorized as a qualitative research. The data collection tool was in-depth interviews and a purposive sampling method with a theoretical approach. In this research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 executive and operational managers of insurance companies. A qualitative data analysis was done using the thematic analysis method. FINDINGS: In this research, 155 codes were identified in two main groups of drivers and inhibitors. These codes are in 17 driving themes, including improving organizational relationships and interactions, improving organizational atmosphere, creating and promoting knowledge culture, redesigning organizational structure, developing knowledge behaviors of the organization, databases, software and hardware infrastructure supporting knowledge management, general competence of human resources, specialized competence and professional, merit selection and retention of human resources, job and worker suitability, motivational and incentive policies, management insight and thinking, management approach to knowledge, onthe-job training based on job requirements, development of effective training, update training, knowledge evaluation, career advancement, pillars were placed in insurance industry. 45 codes were also categorized into 7 inhibiting themes, including human, job, knowledge-related, managerial, appointment, institutional, political, and economic factors. CONCLUSION: The results of this research can be used as a model for the implementation of knowledge management in insurance industry, and based on that, insurance companies can strengthen the drivers and weaken the inhibitors for this purose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction In 1946, the newly drafted Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the fundamental right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health without distinction of race, religion, [...], Objective To examine the influence of varying articulations of the right to health under domestic constitutions, legislation and jurisprudence on the scope of legal protection for health. Methods We investigated legal recognition of the right to health, by conducting a three-level search. First, we searched databases containing constitutional texts. Second, we did a thematic analysis of those constitutional texts with explicit constitutional recognition of health rights, employing NVivo for coding. For the 54 World Health Organization (WHO) Member States without explicit constitutional provisions, we explored statutory paths, judicial constructions and instances where both methods contributed to the acknowledgement of health rights. Lastly, we confirmed evidence of jurisprudence constructing a right to health based on a combination of domestic law and international human rights norms incorporated directly into the text. Findings We identified 140 WHO Member States with a constitutionalized right to health. Our analysis suggests there are notable variations in the legal scope of protection for health, including breadth of entitlements and the possibility of enforcing these rights through the legal system. We also highlight the critical importance of constitutional acknowledgement, legislative measures, and judicial interpretations in shaping the legal entitlements to health-care services, affecting their accessibility and financial support. Conclusion The analysis offers insights for policy-makers to assess different approaches to health-related entitlements, with implications for health financing and the evaluation of Member States' strides towards universal access to comprehensive care. This analysis also illuminates how distinct formulations of the right to health have varied effects on reducing health disparities. [phrase omitted] Objectif Etudier l'impact de diverses formulations du droit a la sante selon les constitutions, la legislation et la jurisprudence nationales sur le champ d'application de la protection juridique en matiere de sante. Methodes Nous avons examine la reconnaissance juridique du droit a la sante en effectuant une recherche a trois niveaux. Tout d'abord, nous avons explore des bases de donnees contenant des textes constitutionnels. Ensuite, nous avons procede a une analyse thematique de ces textes constitutionnels reconnaissant explicitement les droits a la sante, en utilisant NVivo pour le codage. Pour les 54 Etats Membres de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante (OMS) depourvus de dispositions constitutionnelles, nous avons passe en revue les parcours legaux, instances et interpretations judiciaires oU les deux methodes ont contribue a la reconnaissance de droits a la sante. Enfin, nous avons corrobore les preuves de jurisprudence formulant un droit a la sante fonde sur la combinaison, directement integree dans le texte, d'une legislation nationale et de normes internationales en matiere de droits humains. Resultats Nous avons identifie 140 Etats Membres de l'OMS ayant constitutionnalise le droit a la sante. Notre analyse suggere qu'il existe des variations considerables dans le champ d'application de la protection juridique en matiere de sante, notamment dans la portee de ces droits et la possibilite de les faire respecter par la voie legale. Nous soulignons en outre l'importance cruciale de la reconnaissance constitutionnelle, des mesures legislatives et des interpretations judiciaires dans la formulation des droits juridiques aux services de soins de sante, du fait de son impact sur leur accessibilite et sur le soutien financier. Conclusion La presente analyse fournit des informations aux responsables politiques afin qu'ils puissent examiner plusieurs approches relatives aux droits de la sante, avec des implications en termes de financement de la sante et l'evaluation des progres realises par les Etats Membres dans le cadre de l'acces universel a des soins complets. Elle met egalement en lumiere la diversite des effets qu'exercent les differentes formulations du droit a la sante sur la reduction des inegalites en la matiere. [phrase omitted] Objetivo Examinar la influencia de las diferentes articulaciones del derecho sobre la salud en las constituciones, la legislacion y la jurisprudencia nacionales sobre el alcance de la proteccion juridica de la salud. Metodos Se investigo el reconocimiento juridico del derecho sobre la salud mediante una busqueda en tres niveles. En primer lugar, se buscaron bases de datos que incluyeran textos constitucionales. En segundo lugar, se realizo un analisis tematico de los textos constitucionales con reconocimiento constitucional explicito de los derechos sobre la salud, utilizando NVivo para la codificacion. En el caso de los 54 Estados Miembros de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) sin disposiciones constitucionales explicitas, se exploraron las vias estatutarias, las construcciones judiciales y los casos en que ambos metodos contribuyeron al reconocimiento de los derechos sobre la salud. Por ultimo, se confirmaron los casos en los que la jurisprudencia habia establecido un derecho sobre la salud basado en una combinacion de legislacion nacional y normas internacionales de derechos humanos incorporadas directamente al texto Resultados Se identificaron 140 Estados Miembros de la OMS con un derecho sobre la salud constitucionalizado. El analisis sugiere que existen notables variaciones en el alcance juridico de la proteccion de la salud, incluida la extension de los derechos y la posibilidad de hacerlos valer a traves del sistema juridico. Tambien se destaca la importancia decisiva del reconocimiento constitucional, las medidas legislativas y las interpretaciones judiciales en la configuracion de los derechos legales a los servicios de atencion sanitaria, que afectan a su accesibilidad y apoyo financiero. Conclusion El analisis ofrece informacion para que los responsables de formular las politicas evaluen los diferentes enfoques de los derechos relacionados con la salud, con implicaciones para la financiacion sanitaria y la evaluacion de los avances de los Estados Miembros hacia el acceso universal a una atencion integral. Este analisis tambien aclara como las diversas formulaciones del derecho sobre la salud tienen efectos variados en la reduccion de las disparidades sanitarias.

Purpose: The purpose of the research was to understand the cross media electronic marketing process. In fact, with the emergence of virtual organizations, social network media marketing has become a basic need for the possibility of movement and continued developmentMethod: this research conducted using Grounded theory analysis. Snowball or targeted sampling is utilized to gather the required data. The qualitative part of this study was conducted based on the viewpoints of 24 university professors, marketing activists, experts, elites, managers, and employees of insurance companies. Collected interviews were analyzed in MAXQDA software. To achieve this goal, the collected interviews are evaluated using different coding methods as the main process. The interviews were entered into the MAXQDA software. Coding in data theory methodology is a process of conceptual abstraction by assigning general concepts (codes) to individual occurrences in the data.Findings: Based on the analysis, 104 primary codes, 18 core categories have been identified in 6 categories of the foundation's data. With the emergence of electronic commerce, organizations are changing their business. The proposed model shows that the digital era has changed the expectations of customers from communication with brands. Before social networks, mass media communication channels such as television and radio to brand managers. It allowed them to communicate with consumersConclusion: In the present research, based on the participants' viewpoints, the categories of management factors challenge, financial potential, communication potential, customer characteristics and welfare and comfort, finally, marketing techniques have been identified and it has been related to another broader category called causal conditions. Information technology and targeted marketing were identified as background conditions. Environmental factors and psychological factors of the clients were identified as intervening conditions. Research strategies include business improvement, knowledge and education, and finally innovation and creativity. Outcomes include customer loyalty, sustainability in customer relationships with the product and social media, beneficial word-of-mouth and viral advertising, customer satisfaction, and purchase intent.

Objective Digital transformation can impact companies, business models, communications, and products, enhancing company performance and driving growth. The primary objective of this research is to develop a conceptual model for digital insurance. Methodology This research is exploratory and descriptive, conducted using a qualitative approach grounded in theory. The data collection method involved semi-structured interviews with 11 insurance industry experts, selected through purposive sampling. Coding was performed according to Strauss and Corbin's framework, including open, axial, and selective coding. Findings The codes and components of digital insurance—comprising 355 open codes, 16 sub-categories, and 6 main categories—were extracted from the interviews and organized into a conceptual data model. The central categories include digital insurance itself, causal conditions (such as generational change, the internationalization of the insurance industry, and the diversity of insurance services), context conditions (including technological, organizational, and cultural contexts), and intervening conditions (like legal requirements and industry characteristics). Additionally, strategies incorporating a strategic, systematic, and transformative approach, along with the development of digital culture and thinking, were employed. Ultimately, the digital insurance model will influence proposed business model values, intra-organizational benefits, and environmental considerations. Conclusion Digital transformation is defined as the transformation of a company to offer new or developed products to customers. One of the empowering factors in presenting new proposals is the use of information technology. The insurance industry is one of the most important service industries in Iran, which, in recent years, has provided many of its services online. Also, due to the presence of startups in the field of insurance services, we are witnessing the emergence of digital insurance features in this industry as a value proposition. In other words, if the digitization of organizations does not lead to value propositions and internal benefits, we have simply achieved a change in hardware and software, and there has been no digital transformation. In the digital transformation model, an important point that is sometimes overlooked is the transformational frequencies that will be emitted from the environment around the industry. In digital transformation, necessary actions, planning, and predictions must be made to address these reflections. According to the results, it is suggested to pay attention to new hardware technologies to help the development and digital transformation in the insurance industry, especially in sectors that create serious barriers to the issue of risk authenticity. Additionally, the development of digital culture in society, related organizations, and legal and regulatory institutions is necessary to support digital development and transformation in the insurance industry, and protection laws and amendments to laws and regulations that hinder digital transformation should be on the agenda. Finally, it should be noted that today the development and influence of the Internet in all societies have reached a very high level, and we are witnessing the same situation in Iran. Digital transformation can affect companies, business models, communications, and products, and improve corporate performance and growth. The process of digitalization is closely related to the use of information and communication technology in the insurance sector.