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Many of the challenges that the society faces today are enterprise problems. Enterprise systems consist of technological, organizational, and social elements where there is no locus of control. Due to the complex nature of enterprise systems, they are particularly difficult to model and analyze in support of policy analysis. There is a need for accessible methods and approaches to aid those tasked with modeling enterprise problems. To that end, we considered an enterprise modeling methodology that emphasizes a layered view of an enterprise system and evaluated it by applying it to a case study on the intrusion of counterfeit parts in a supply chain. We conclude that the utility of the methodology does not lie in making specific predictions as there are many ways to accomplish that. Rather, the methodology shows promise for two applications: First, integrating diverse expert knowledge and data and communicating that to stakeholders and, second, searching for counter-intuitive results or unintended consequences of a policy option.

The object of research is the processes associated with the organization of the production of consumer goods (CG) at the multi-nomenclature machine-building enterprise (MME). These processes are considered in the aspect of automating the production of consumer goods by creating a special model of knowledge about the current state of production processes. One of the most problematic issues is the complex automation of combined processes for the production of basic products and CGs at MMEs. The solution of this question required the improvement of the formal apparatus for modeling time dependencies. In the course of the research, discrete mathematics methods, in particular set theory and mathematical logic, are used, as well as tools that are known in knowledge engineering, in particular production systems.A temporal model of knowledge and technology is combined with the knowledge base of the decision support system. The peculiarity of this model is the possibility of adequate reflection of asynchrony and parallelism, which is inherent in the processes of CGs production at MMEs. The overall effect of the implementation of the developed model of knowledge will be achieved by reducing the incidence of disruptions in the production program, preserving the professional knowledge of experienced MME specialists in the production of consumer goods. In addition, the use of the temporal knowledge model as part of the intellectual core of the decision support system will ensure the reduction of the MME costs in the organization of production of consumer goods.

Looking at evolution of industrial enterprises, one can observe a tendency of displacement of production processes culture by consumption processes culture. A combination of both is able to ensure optimal planning and utilization of enterprise’s resources. Unfortunately, this subject is not adequately covered by modern literature, but today challenges of resource management are rising. The foundations of scientific industrial management, introduced by F.Taylor and others in the beginning of previous century, do not find practical implementation in modern industry. Authors of the article propose to use resource approach to management of innovations development of enterprise to bring together modern business culture and traditional production culture, and give an example of a specific industrial enterprise. The work makes an effort to contest idea, that resource approach is not capable of considering such factors as speed of technological changes and quality standards, which are important for innovations development of an industrial enterprise.

This article considers the problem of ensuring competitive capacity of an enterprise, and identifies the reserves for increasing it. The focus-on-clients of an enterprise was identified to be the main direction for increasing the competitive capacity. This article features the parameters for assessment of the degree of focus-on-clients of an enterprise, as well as formulae for the said assessment. It also presents methods to evaluate the priority of the criteria. The article contains the model created for evaluating the development of focus-on-clients of the enterprise. This model allows to assess the parameters that influence the degree of focus-on-clients, priority of such parameters, and identify the reserves for improving them. In particular, method for calculating quantitative parameters by converting qualitative parameters into quantitative was introduced. In addition, plan of activities aimed at improving the degree of focus-on-clients and, therefore, competitive capacity of the enterprise, is presented. The article features formulae, functional relations, and calculation of all parameters as well. The model for assessment and development of focus-on-customers presented in the work defines the degree of conformance between the selected strategy and accounting for consumers' preferences when the plan of activities aimed at ensuring competitive capacity of the enterprise is implemented.

In information systems development models are used to represent real and target enterprise systems. Ideally the enterprise could have two basic enterprise models an As-Is model an To-Be model that may integrate all representations of the enterprise relevant to information systems development. Although there are many different suggested approaches how to model the enterprise, no consensus exists of what exactly should be the spectrum of model elements and corresponding to them enterprise artifacts for successful enterprise and information systems development. In this paper we propose an approach of identifying core enterprise model constituents for different systems development settings. The approach is based on the integration of professional knowledge regarding artifacts used in various systems development cases with the variations of a continuous requirements engineering framework that combines traditional requirements identification functions with additional continuous audit, monitoring and analytics activities.

This paper suggests a new type of enterprise models called fractal enterprise models (FEM), with accompanying methodological support for their design. FEM shows interconnections between the business processes in an enterprise by connecting them to the assets they use and manage. Assets considered in the model could be tangible (buildings, heavy machinery, etc.) and intangible (employees, business process definitions, etc.). A FEM model is built by using two types of patterns called archetypes: a process-assets archetype that connects a process with assets used in it, and an asset-processes archetype that connects an asset with processes aimed to manage this asset (e.g., hiring people, or servicing machinery). Alternating these patterns creates a fractal structure that makes relationships between various parts of the enterprise explicit. FEM can be used for different purposes, including finding a majority of the processes in an enterprise and planning business change or radical transformation. Besides discussing FEM and areas of its usage, the paper presents results from a completed project in order to test the practical usefulness of FEM and its related methodological support.

Based on the perspective of the process of knowledge transfer, this study empirically examines the impact of community incentives and user-enterprise communication on the knowledge transfer perform...

Aiming at the needs of the enterprises in the manufacturing industry chain for exploring and choosing the partners, a scheme of constructing generic industry chain enterprise cooperation network based on ASP collaborative commerce platform was proposed. To solve the problem of finding suitable business and evaluating the value of the enterprise, according to the idea of PageRank algorithm, the company rank algorithm for enterprise cloud network was derived by constructing the evaluation model of the weight of the industrial chain enterprise search engine. On this basis, the influence factors were used to control the algorithm finely, and some amendments was made to adapt the actual situation of enterprise cooperation. By using the records of enterprise cooperation as data sources, cooperative network was built, and the conversion formula was determined by establishing the fine-grained mapping relationship. The validity of the algorithm was verified by the practical examples.

Performance management is core part of enterprise human resources management, for any organization or enterprise a good, the secret to its success lies in the effective performance management. Through the enterprise performance management, it can motivate employees, improve employee satisfaction, will help the staff's personal goals combined with enterprise strategy, realize the goal of the enterprise and the balance of personal development, promote enterprise realize sustainable development. In this paper, we conduct research on enterprise performance management information system development and the robustness optimization based on data regression analysis and mathematical optimization theory. We firstly review the modern regression analysis approaches for large-scale data with the introduction of our proposed revised regression model for enterprises. Later, we summarize the state-of-the-art mathematical optimization models to select the most feasible one to serve as the tool for our system. Then, we analyze the performance of the current existing performance management information system and adopt the prior knowledge to optimize the system. The experimental result proves the feasibility and effectiveness of our system. The performance evaluation accuracy is enhanced from 86.7% to 93.5% and the system robustness is enhanced as well.

The challenges confronting public extended enterprises are increasing; both complexity and resource limitations necessitate new, more effective organizational constructs. As a path to better public...

This paper made a systematic presenting for the external environment and spatial structure of enterprise innovation and defined the three-dimensional space of enterprise innovation based on the spatial economics and open innovation perspective. The ‘knowledge flow’ was used as an important dimension when delving into the dynamic feedback mechanism between the enterprise innovation and three-dimensional space, forming a systematic recognition for interaction mechanism of three-dimensional space, knowledge flow and the enterprise endogenous innovation. And then, a demonstration based on the structural equation model was used to provide a theoretical basis for the innovation decision of an enterprise. It followed that, the economic space, geographic space and human space all constitute the three-dimensional space of enterprise external knowledge flow. In the open innovation system, the non-rigid boundary of enterprises provides the possibility of the overflow, expansion and penetration of external knowledge. Again, through the mediation of knowledge flow, the dynamic interaction of system dynamics between the three-dimensional space and enterprise endogenous innovation was achieved.

The necessity to form systems for enterprise innovation development on a basis of inner and outer elements is substantiated. The innovation activity of “UK BMP” Co is analyzed. The tendencies in production activities of the enterprise are considered. The level of the information support of enterprise functioning, the organization of enterprise management, effective-ness and amount of “UK BMP” Co innovation activity financing are analyzed. As a factor affecting innovation activities is considered the environment of enterprise functioning. On a basis of the analysis carried out the factors having an influence upon the effectiveness of development and introduction of innovation projects in “UK BMP” Co are revealed. The influence of these factors upon an innovation cycle at the enterprise is shown. According to the results of the estimation of their influence there are given recommendations for innovation activity improvement.

Enterprise models assist the governance and transformation of organizations through the specification, communication and analysis of strategy, goals, processes, information, along with the underlying application and technological infrastructure. Such models cross-cut different concerns and are often conceptualized using domain-specific modelling languages. This paper explores the application of graph-based semantic techniques to specify, integrate and analyse multiple, heterogeneous enterprise models. In particular, the proposal described in this paper (1) specifies enterprise models as ontological schemas, (2) uses transformation mapping functions to integrate the ontological schemas and (3) analyses the integrated schemas with graph querying and logical inference. The proposal is evaluated through a scenario that integrates three distinct enterprise modelling languages: the business model canvas, e3value, and the business layer of the ArchiMate language. The results show, on the one hand, that the graph-based approach is able to handle the specification, integration and analysis of enterprise models represented with different modelling languages and, on the other, that the integration challenge resides in defining appropriate mapping functions between the schemas.

Service-oriented architecture (SOA)-based system development requires a systematic integration technique for software modeling and business modeling methods that approach the implementation component from the perspective of a business service. We proposes the integrated design method (architecture, metamodel, framework, process) for the integration of component software modeling in business process modeling notation (BPMN) business modeling to service-oriented modeling based on model-driven architecture (MDA) and model view controller (MVC) patterns according to SOA. The integrated architecture is composed of a metamodel and a process framework. The integrated metamodel is mapped to the core modeling elements of the SOA-based extended layered (XL)-BPMN/business process execution language (BPEL)/web service description language (WSDL)/component models, and the conversion profile is defined. For the establishment of the integrated process between business and software modeling, the framework is first defined; using this framework, we apply MDA (CIM: Conceptual Independent Modeling, PIM: Platform Independent Modeling, PSM: Platform Specific Modeling) and MVC patterns to define the integrated modeling process for the three development phases. The proposed modeling process was applied to the design of an online shopping mall system (OSMS). The design models were described on the basis of MDA/MVC according to the layered modeling elements defined in the individual/integrated metamodel and the three modeling phases of the integrated modeling process. The case study demonstrated that the conversion modeling task maintains the consistency and practicality between the SOA-based business and software modeling. The use of this method will make the consistent conversion modeling work between businesses and software convenient with a service orientation, will make it easy to change a business process, and will maximize the number of established reuse models.

Modern business organizations experience increasing challenges in the development and evolution of their enterprise systems. Typical problems include legacy re-engineering, systems integration/interoperability, and the architecting of the enterprise. At the heart of all these problems is enterprise modeling. Many enterprise modeling approaches have been proposed in the literature with some based on ontology. Few however adopt a foundational ontology to underpin a range of enterprise models in a consistent and coherent manner. Fewer still take data-driven re-engineering as their natural starting point for modeling. This is the approach taken by Business Object Reference Ontology (BORO). It has two closely intertwined components: a foundational ontology and a re-engineering methodology. These were originally developed for the re-engineering of enterprise systems and subsequently evolved into approaches to enterprise architecture and systems integration. Together these components are used to systematically unearth reusable and generalized business patterns from existing data. Most of these patterns have been developed for the enterprise context and have been successfully applied in several commercial projects within the financial, defense, and oil and gas industries. BORO's foundational ontology is grounded in philosophy and its metaontological choices (including perdurantism, extensionalism, and possible worlds) follow well-established theories. BORO's re-engineering methodology is rooted in the philosophical notion of grounding; it emerged from the practice of deploying its foundational ontology and has been refined over the last 25 years. This paper presents BORO and its application to enterprise modeling.

Business processes represent an important core component of the company's activities and should be therefore more considerate. It takes a long time until the processes modeled down to the smallest detail, analyzed and designed. When these steps have been completed, often the process will not be adapted. Here would be an agile approach interesting to be flexible on trends and enterprise decisions which will have any dependencies to the processes. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to develop a holistic approach, in which the advantages of the previous models can be optimally used and the current challenges such as the desired agility can be included. The research methodology used in the investigation consists of a combination of methods and tools of Business Process Management (BPM) and agile management. The aim of the research is to evaluate whether these methods can contribute positively to the process modeling improvement in the framework of the Enterprise Information System. The finding of this research consists of a holistic model for acting agile within BPM. This allows companies to act flexible to adapt or implement enterprise processes. The resulting added value can be seen in the model for flexible implementation with regular controlling which are set apart from the previous rigid waterfall models.

Data management is continuously evolving for serving the needs of an increasingly connected society. New challenges apply not only to systems and technology, but also to the models and abstractions for capturing new application requirements. In this paper, we describe several models and abstractions which have been progressively designed to capture new forms of data-centered interactions in the last twenty five years – a period of huge changes due to the spreading of web-based applications and the increasingly relevant role of social interactions. We initially focus on Web-based applications for individuals, then discuss applications among enterprises, then we discuss how these applications may include rankings which are computed using services or using crowds; we conclude with hints to a recent research discussing how social sources can be used for capturing emerging knowledge.

As the number and diversity of technologies involved in building enterprise systems continues to grow so does the importance of modeling tools that are able to present customized views of enterprise systems to different stakeholders according to their needs and skills. Moreover, since the range of required view types is continuously evolving, it must be possible to extend and enhance the languages and services offered by such tools on an ongoing basis. However, this can be difficult with today's modeling tools because the meta-models that define the languages, views and services they support are usually hardwired and thus not amenable to extensions. In practice, therefore, various workarounds have to be used to extend a tool's underlying meta-model. Some of these are built into the implemented modeling standards (e.g. UML 2, BPMN 2.0 and ArchiMate 2.0) while others have to be applied by complementary, external tools (e.g. annotation models). These techniques not only increase accidental complexity, they also reduce the ability of the modeling tool to ensure adherence to enterprise rules and constraints. In this paper we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches for language extension and propose a modeling framework best able to support the main extension scenarios currently found in practice today.

Purpose – Despite a growing demand for enterprise search from practice, little is known about its implementation from an academic perspective. As the few available practice-oriented investigations show, enterprise search user satisfaction is rather low. The purpose of this paper is therefore to explore user-centric barriers of enterprise search implementation in order to increase user satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – Results are built on a qualitative user study in an R & D organization. Findings are gained from think-aloud observations introduced by semi-structured interviews in which ten knowledge workers explore a newly implemented enterprise search tool. Findings – Findings illustrate barriers that knowledge workers have to overcome when adopting enterprise search to find project-relevant documents. Implementation barriers relate to selection for keywords, search query formulation, availability and adequacy of metadata, relevance judging of search results, current search strategies, and overall perception of enterprise search usefulness. Research limitations/implications – Limitations address the piloted enterprise search software, along with its specific configuration and scope, the chosen research approach of generating qualitative findings from a single case, and the size of the involved sample of engineers. Implications address measures to increase enterprise search adoption. Practical implications – This study provides project managers with knowledge to take appropriate actions in the early phases of enterprise search implementation, and even prior to that, to raise the success of enterprise search projects. It contributes to a better understanding of enterprise search engine user needs and assists in concretizing user requirements. Originality/value – While existing studies primarily focus on advancing the technical perspective of search in organizations, the author elaborate on the under-investigated social and organizational aspects. The author furthermore stress the importance of user-centered approaches for enterprise search adoption.

The user adaptive enterprise application is a software system, which adapts its behavior to an individual user on the basis of nontrivial inferences from information about the user. The objective of this paper is to elaborate a conceptual model of the user adaptive enterprise applications. In order to conceptualize the user adaptive enterprise applications, their main characteristics are analyzed, the meta-model defining the key concepts relevant to these applications is developed, and the user adaptive enterprise application and its components are defined in terms of the meta-model. Modeling of the user adaptive enterprise application incorporates aspects of enterprise modeling, application modeling, and design of adaptive characteristics of the application. The end-user and her expectations are identified as two concepts of major importance not sufficiently explored in the existing research. Understanding these roles improves the adaptation result in the user adaptive applications.

The Virtual Organisation and Enterprise Modelling have become important topics starting with the mid 1990’s. This relevance comes from the positive combined effects expected by a business process reengineering and the particularities of the virtual organizations that fit very well to market challenges. A more advanced specialization, often found in the virtual organisations, gives a plus in terms of efficiency and productivity by an optimized business process. A particular well developed domain, for such type of organisations, is the informational system that can be seen as foundation for the business process reengineering. The paper presents relevant data and results for organisation architecture modelling. The architecture referred herein apply to enterprise and virtual organisation too, meaning that the improvements obtained by applying the business process reengineering for enterprise, can be foreseen, even with amplified effects, in the case of a virtual organisation.

Enterprise transformations are fundamental changes in an organization. Such changes typically affect different stakeholder groups (e.g., program managers, business managers) that exhibit a significant diversity regarding their members’ knowledge, goals, and underlying assumptions. Yet, creating shared understanding among diverse stakeholder groups in transformations is a main antecedent for success. The paper analyzes which properties of enterprise architecture models contribute to syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic capacities which helps to create shared understanding among stakeholder groups involved in enterprise transformation. The differences among stakeholder groups are assessed through the lens of knowledge boundaries, and enterprise architecture models are assessed through the lens of boundary objects. A research model is developed and empirically tested that describes which boundary object properties are required to overcome three progressively complex knowledge boundaries – syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic. The findings show which boundary object properties contribute to a respective capacity needed to overcome each of the three knowledge boundaries. Specifically, the results show that for (1) a syntactic capacity, concrete and modular enterprise architecture (EA) models are helpful; (2) a semantic capacity, visual EA model properties are relevant, and (3) a pragmatic capacity, broad stakeholder participation is conductive.