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303 results on '"Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale"'

1. Evolutionary ecology of the interactions between aphids and their parasitoids

Author: Anne Le Ralec, Jacques J. M. van Alphen, Joan van Baaren, Cécile Le Lann, Yannick Outreman, Marylène Poirié, Caroline Anselme, Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions (BF2I), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale (IBSV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Paysages, Changements Climatique, Biodiversité, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Biological pest control, Defence mechanisms, Insect, Hymenoptera, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Host-Parasite Interactions, Animals, Adaptation, Aphidiinae, media_common, Aphid, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, General Immunology and Microbiology, Reproduction, Parasitoid communities, Aphididae, Biodiversity, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Diapause, Climatic change, 010602 entomology, Aphids, Evolutionary ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Braconidae
Abstract: International audience; Many organisms, including entomopathogenous fungi, predators or parasites, use aphids as ressources. Parasites of aphids are mostly endoparasitoid insects, i.e. insects which lay eggs inside the body of an other insect which will die as a result of their development. In this article, we review the consequences of the numerous pecularities of aphid biology and ecology for their endoparasitoids, notably the Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We first examine the various mechanisms used by aphids for defence against these enemies. We then explore the strategies used by aphidiine parasitoids to exploit their aphid hosts. Finally, we consider the responses of both aphids and parasitoids to ecological constraints induced by seasonal cycles and to environmental variations linked to host plants and climate. The fundamental and applied interest of studying these organisms is discussed.
Published: 2010
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2. Blind depth-variant blur removal in confocal microscopy

Author: Alain Dieterlen, Gilbert Engler, Laure Blanc-Féraud, Elie Maalouf, Bruno Colicchio, Gilles Aubert, S. Ben Hadj, Morphologie et Images (MORPHEME), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Signal, Images et Systèmes (Laboratoire I3S - SIS), Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale (IBSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation, Intelligence, Processus et Système (MIPS), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Imagerie Microscopique et Traitement d’Images (IMITI - MIPS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieur Sud Alsace-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-IUT de Colmar-IUT de Mulhouse-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieur Sud Alsace-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-IUT de Colmar-IUT de Mulhouse, ANR Diamond, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Signal, Images et Systèmes (Laboratoire I3S - SIS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Signal, Images et Systèmes (Laboratoire I3S - SIS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Laboratoire MIPS/LAB.EL
Subjects: Point spread function, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Normalization (image processing), 02 engineering and technology, confocal microscopy, 01 natural sciences, JMAP, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, depth-variant PSF, Optical transfer function, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Gaussian function, Computer vision, Convex combination, Gaussian process, Image restoration, Mathematics, business.industry, Estimation theory, regularization, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, symbols, Blind restoration, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; We are interested in blind restoration of 3D confocal microscopy images. One challenging problem in this system is the depth-variant (DV) blur due to refractive index mismatch. In our work, we simplify the problem by approximating the DV point spread function (PSF) by a convex combination of a set of space-invariant (SI) PSFs. We show that each SI PSF can be approximated by a Gaussian function given by few parameters. One advantage of such an approximation is that positivity and normalization of the PSF are naturally ensured. The problem is thus reduced to the estimation of the object and the PSF parameters. We design a new criterion allowing both estimations of the object and the DV PSF, with physical constraints included. The method is validated on simulated and real confocal microscopy data.
Published: 2013
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3. L'analyse moléculaire des séquences microsatellite et mitochondriale révèle que la présence du ravageur américain Scaphoideus titanus en Europe est le fruit d'une introduction ponctuelle

Author: Carole Kerdelhué, Benoit Nusillard, Daciana Papura, Maarten van Helden, Xavier Giresse, Christian Burban, Thomas Guillemaud, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale (IBSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and This research was funded by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (http://www.inra.f).
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Evolutionary Genetics, Animal Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population genetics, lcsh:Medicine, 01 natural sciences, scaphoideus titanus, Molecular cell biology, DNA amplification, amérique du nord, wine.grape_variety, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Vitis aestivalis, biology, analyse statistique, Ecology, insecte ravageur, Agriculture, invasion, Mitochondria, Leafhopper, Europe, Nucleic acids, marqueur microsatellite, extraction d'adn, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Microsatellite, ESPECE INVASIVE, SCAPHOIDEUS, Research Article, Gene Flow, flavescence dorée de la vigne, activité mitochondriale, MICROSATELLITE, 010603 evolutionary biology, Hemiptera, 03 medical and health sciences, cicadelle, vitis vinifera, pcr, Genetic variation, Animals, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Isolation by distance, Evolutionary Biology, lcsh:R, Genetic Drift, Genetic Variation, Grapevine yellows, DNA, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Organismal Evolution, Scaphoideus titanus, CICADELLIDAE, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, Genetic Loci, wine, Genetic Polymorphism, lcsh:Q, Zoology, Entomology, analyse génétique, Agroecology, Population Genetics, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Scaphoideus titanus, a leafhopper native to North America and invasive in Europe, is the vector of the Flavescence dorée phytoplasma, the causal agent of the most important form of grapevine yellows in European vineyards. We studied 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci and a 623 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene in native S. titanus from north-eastern America and introduced European populations, to elucidate the colonization scenario. Consistent with their recent history, invasive European populations were less genetically diverse than American populations for both types of markers, suggesting a recent bottleneck. Significant isolation by distance was detected between American populations but not between European populations. None of the European mitochondrial haplotypes was found in the American vineyards, from which they are assumed to have originated. The precise source of the invasive S. titanus populations therefore remains unclear. Nevertheless, the high heterozygosity of North-East American populations (which contained 92% of the observed alleles) suggests that this region is part of the native range of S. titanus. Clustering population genetics analyses with microsatellite and mitochondrial data suggested that European populations originated from a single introduction event. Most of the introduced populations clustered with populations from Long Island, the Atlantic Coast winegrowing region in which Vitis aestivalis occurs.
Published: 2012
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4. Évolution des interactions entre espèces

Author: Thierry Lefèvre, François Renaud, Marc-André Selosse, Frédéric Thomas, Bernstein, C., Broennimann, O., Charlat, S., Mazancourt, C., Meeüs, T., Frédéric Fleury, Herve Fritz, Sylvain Gandon, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Gibernau, M., Hautier, Y., Hurthrez-Broussès, S., Lecomte, N., Loison, A., Anders Pape Møller, Morand, S., Yannick Outreman, Pearman, P. B., Poulin, R., Randin, C., Thierry Rigaud, Salvaudon, L., Gabriele Sorci, Théron, A., Vavre, F., Wajnberg, E., Shykoff, J., Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Génétique et évolution des interactions hôtes-parasites, Département génétique, interactions et évolution des génomes [LBBE] (GINSENG), Redpath Museum, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Biodémographie évolutive, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Environnementales, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Parasitologie évolutive (PE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Swiss Federal Institute WSL, Department of Zoology, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Institut Botanique, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie et écologie tropicale et méditerranéenne [2007-2010] (BETM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale (IBSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F. Thomas, T. Lefèvre & M. Raymond, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), McGill University, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie et écologie tropicale et méditerranéenne (BETM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses ( GEMI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Lausanne, Evolution et Diversité Biologique ( EDB ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Zürich, University of Tromsø ( UiT ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine ( LECA ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Parasitologie évolutive ( PE ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes ( BIO3P ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, University of Otago, Université de Bâle, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie et écologie tropicale et méditerranéenne ( BETM ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale ( IBSV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 84 pages
Published: 2010

5. QDD: a user-friendly program to select microsatellite markers and design primers from large sequencing projects

Author: Vincent Dubut, Thibaut Malausa, Jean-François Martin, Emese Meglécz, Nicolas Pech, André Gilles, Caroline Costedoat, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale (IBSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Provence, Montpellier SupAgro, and a grant from the French Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA): AIP BioRessources EcoMicro.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Statistics and Probability, PROGRAMME D'ACCÈS LIBRE, Computational biology, Biology, QDD, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, Databases, Genetic, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Web site, DNA Primers, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, User Friendly, TRAITEMENT DES DONNEES, Base Sequence, Adapter (computing), Computational Biology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, treatment of raw sequences, Computer Science Applications, open access program, Computational Mathematics, enriched DNA libraries, pyrosequencing, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Microsatellite, Pyrosequencing, Primer (molecular biology), [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Software, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Summary: QDD is an open access program providing a user-friendly tool for microsatellite detection and primer design from large sets of DNA sequences. The program is designed to deal with all steps of treatment of raw sequences obtained from pyrosequencing of enriched DNA libraries, but it is also applicable to data obtained through other sequencing methods, using FASTA files as input. The following tasks are completed by QDD: tag sorting, adapter/vector removal, elimination of redundant sequences, detection of possible genomic multicopies (duplicated loci or transposable elements), stringent selection of target microsatellites and customizable primer design. It can treat up to one million sequences of a few hundred base pairs in the tag-sorting step, and up to 50 000 sequences in a single input file for the steps involving estimation of sequence similarity. Availability: QDD is freely available under the GPL licence for Windows and Linux from the following web site: http://www.univ-provence.fr/gsite/Local/egee/dir/meglecz/QDD.html Contact: emese.meglecz@univ-provence.fr Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Published: 2010
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6. A serpin from the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi targets the Drosophila phenoloxidase cascade

Author: Dominique Cazes, Aurore Dubuffet, Jean-Michel Drezen, Sébastien J. M. Moreau, Dominique Colinet, Marylène Poirié, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale (IBSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), and Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Proteases, animal structures, media_common.quotation_subject, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Immunology, Molecular Sequence Data, Wasps, Venom, Wasp Venoms, Insect, Serpin, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Parasitoid wasp, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, Hemolymph, Botany, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Serpins, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Phenoloxidase cascade, Serine protease, 0303 health sciences, biology, Virulence, Monophenol Monooxygenase, fungi, Immunity, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Parasite, 010602 entomology, Larva, biology.protein, Drosophila, Female, Sequence Alignment, Developmental Biology, Drosophila yakuba
Abstract: International audience; The insect phenoloxidase (PO) cascade is known to be tightly regulated by serine proteases and serine protease inhibitors of the serpin family. As a key component of the insect immune system, it is also suspected to be inhibited by several endoparasitoid wasps, insects that develop inside other arthropods as hosts. However, the underlying mechanisms of this inhibition are largely undescribed. Here, we report the characterization of a gene encoding a serpin, LbSPNy, highly expressed in the venom of the wasp Leptopilina boulardi (ISy type), and we show that either the venom or the recombinant LbSPNy inhibit the PO cascade in the hemolymph of Drosophila yakuba host larva. Altogether, our results identify the first serpin used as a virulence factor by a parasitoid wasp and show that it disrupts the activation pathway of the PO in the Drosophila host.
Published: 2008
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7. Lactate fluxes mediated by the monocarboxylate transporter-1 are key determinants of the metabolic activity of beige adipocytes

Author: Jean-Charles Portais, Cedric Moro, Anne Galinier, Corinne Barreau, Edward T. Chouchani, Christophe Guissard, Isabelle Ader, Luc Pénicaud, Yannick Jeanson, Edern Cahoreau, Damien Lagarde, Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore, Lindsay Peyriga, Luc Pellerin, Audrey Carrière, Louis Casteilla, Emmanuelle Arnaud, STROMALab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Etablissement Français du Sang-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Purpan (CHU Purpan), Centre de résonance magnétique des systèmes biologiques (CRMSB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Ischémie Reperfusion en Transplantation d’Organes Mécanismes et Innovations Thérapeutiques ( IRTOMIT), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), European Commission MP0022856, ANR-18-CE18-0006,hiPSC-Adipospheres,Un modèle 3D d'adipocytes beiges dérivés de cellules iPS humaines pour le criblage de molécules et pour la thérapie cellulaire de l'obésité(2018), ANR-10-LABX-0057,TRAIL,Translational Research and Advanced Imaging Laboratory(2010), ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement Français du Sang-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MetaboHUB-MetaToul, MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MetaToul FluxoMet (TBI-MetaToul), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques (CRMSB)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Adipose tissue, White adipose tissue, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, glycolysis as Manuscript RA120.016303, Adipocyte, Brown adipose tissue, Uncoupling protein, Glycolysis, Adipocytes, Beige, monocarboxylate transporters, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, Symporters, CL, CL316.243, Chemistry, Thermogenesis, glycolysis, Thermogenin, Cell biology, uncoupling protein-1, medicine.anatomical_structure, Monocarboxylate transporter 1, beige adipocytes, ANR, Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, LCM, laser capture microdissection, Signal Transduction, Research Article, Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters, AZD, AZD3965, uncoupling protein 1, 03 medical and health sciences, UCP1, uncoupling protein 1, medicine, Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Lactic Acid, lactate fluxes, Molecular Biology, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell Biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, BAT, brown adipose tissue, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, biology.protein, MCTs, monocarboxylate transporters
Abstract: International audience; Activation of energy-dissipating brown/beige adipocytes represents an attractive therapeutic strategy against metabolic disorders. While lactate is known to induce beiging through the regulation of Ucp1 gene expression, the role of lactate transporters on beige adipocytes' ongoing metabolic activity remains poorly understood. To explore the function of the lactate-transporting monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), we used a combination of primary cell culture studies, C-13 isotopic tracing, laser microdissection experiments, and in situ immunofluorescence of murine adipose fat pads. Dissecting white adipose tissue heterogeneity revealed that the MCT1 is expressed in inducible beige adipocytes as the emergence of uncoupling protein 1 after cold exposure was restricted to a subpopulation of MCT1-expressing adipocytes suggesting MCT1 as a marker of inducible beige adipocytes. We also observed that MCT1 mediates bidirectional and simultaneous inward and outward lactate fluxes, which were required for efficient utilization of glucose by beige adipocytes activated by the canonical beta 3-adrenergic signaling pathway. Finally, we demonstrated that significant lactate import through MCT1 occurs even when glucose is not limiting, which feeds the oxidative metabolism of beige adipocytes. These data highlight the key role of lactate fluxes in finely tuning the metabolic activity of beige adipocytes according to extracellular metabolic conditions and reinforce the emerging role of lactate metabolism in the control of energy homeostasis.
Published: 2020
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8. Évolution et spécificité des interactions insectes hôtes–insectes parasitoïdes

Author: Marylène Poirié, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale (IBSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: General Immunology and Microbiology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Medicine, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Published: 2019
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9. Anionic Lipids: A Pipeline Connecting Key Players of Plant Cell Division

Author: Marie-Cécile Caillaud, Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Seed Fund ENS LYON-2016 ANR-16-CE13-0021, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE13-0021,INTERPLAY,Role des phosphoinositides pendant la cytokinèse chez les plantes(2016)
Subjects: cell division, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Cell division, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cellular differentiation, Cell, Morphogenesis, cytokinesis, plant, Review, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, anionic lipids, division plane, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Cell membrane, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Asymmetric cell division, lcsh:SB1-1110, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Cytoskeleton, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, phosphoinositides, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, electrostatics, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytokinesis, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; How cells position their division plane is a critical component of cell division. Indeed, it defines whether the two daughter cells divide symmetrically (with equal volumes) or not, and as such is critical for cell differentiation and lineage specification across eukaryotes. However, oriented cell divisions are of special significance for organisms with cell walls, such as plants, because their cells are embedded and cannot relocate. Correctly positioning the division plane is therefore of prevailing importance in plants, as it controls not only the occurrence of asymmetric cell division, but also tissue morphogenesis and organ integrity. While cytokinesis is executed in radically different manners in animals and plants, they both rely on the dynamic interplay between the cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking to precisely deliver molecular components to the future site of cell division. Recent research has shown that strict regulation of the levels and distribution of anionic lipids, which are minor components of the cell membrane's lipids, is required for successful cytokinesis in non-plant organisms. This review focused on the recent evidence pointing to whether such signaling lipids have roles in plant cell division.
Published: 2019
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10. Transcriptomic and histological responses of African rice (Oryza glaberrima) to Meloidogyne graminicola provide new insights into root-knot nematode resistance in monocots

Author: Godelieve Gheysen, Alexis Dereeper, Myriam Collin, Diana Fernandez, Janice de Almeida Engler, Rana Haidar, Tina Kyndt, Anne-Sophie Petitot, UMR - Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (UMR IPME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, State University of Ghent, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), France Genomique [92012], Agropolis Fondation [1002-003], Ghent University Special Research Fund [BOF13/GOA/030], Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen, Syrian Ministry of Science, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, root-knot nematode, differentially expressed genes, Meloidogyne graminicola, QTL, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Oryza sativa, Plant Science, Plant disease resistance, Oryza glaberrima, 01 natural sciences, histology, transcriptomics, 03 medical and health sciences, Pathosystem, chemistry.chemical_compound, Graminicola, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Botany, Animals, Root-knot nematode, Tylenchoidea, RNA-Seq, resistance responses, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, Hormone inhibitor, hormones, biology, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Jasmonic acid, food and beverages, Oryza, Original Articles, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, monocots, chemistry, Transcriptome, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Background and aims The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola is responsible for production losses in rice ( Oryza sativa ) in Asia and Latin America. The accession TOG5681 of African rice, O. glaberrima , presents improved resistance to several biotic and abiotic factors, including nematodes. The aim of this study was to assess the cytological and molecular mechanisms underlying nematode resistance in this accession. Methods Penetration and development in M. graminicola in TOG5681 and the susceptible O. sativa genotype 'Nipponbare' were compared by microscopic observation of infected roots and histological analysis of galls. In parallel, host molecular responses to M. graminicola were assessed by root transcriptome profiling at 2, 4 and 8 d post-infection (dpi). Specific treatments with hormone inhibitors were conducted in TOG5681 to assess the impact of the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways on nematode penetration and reproduction. Key results Penetration and development of M. graminicola juveniles were reduced in the resistant TOG5681 in comparison with the susceptible accession, with degeneration of giant cells observed in the resistant genotype from 15 dpi onwards. Transcriptome changes were observed as early as 2 dpi, with genes predicted to be involved in defence responses, phenylpropanoid and hormone pathways strongly induced in TOG5681, in contrast to 'Nipponbare'. No specific hormonal pathway could be identified as the major determinant of resistance in the rice-nematode incompatible interaction. Candidate genes proposed as involved in resistance to M. graminicola in TOG5681 were identified based on their expression pattern and quantitative trait locus (QTL) position, including chalcone synthase, isoflavone reductase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, WRKY62 transcription factor, thionin, stripe rust resistance protein, thaumatins and ATPase3. Conclusions This study provides a novel set of candidate genes for O. glaberrima resistance to nematodes and highlights the rice- M. graminicola pathosystem as a model to study plant-nematode incompatible interactions.
Published: 2017
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11. When higher carrying capacities lead to faster propagation

Author: Lionel Roques, Thibaut Morel-Journel, Elodie Vercken, Ludovic Mailleret, Marjorie Haond, Eric Lombaert, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BIOSP), Unité de Biostatistiques et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, small populations, Ecology (disciplines), Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, density-dependent dispersal, experimental microcosms, Allee effect, symbols.namesake, 03 medical and health sciences, Statistics, Range (statistics), Carrying capacity, invasion biology, education, pushed invasion, Mathematics, 030304 developmental biology, demographic stochasticity, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, 0303 health sciences, Null model, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Small population size, expansion dynamics, invasion biology, propagation speed, density-dependent dispersal, Allee effect, demographic stochasticity, experimental microcosms, small populations, pushed invasion, expansion dynamics, symbols, Biological dispersal, propagation speed
Abstract: This preprint has been reviewed and recommended by Peer Community In Ecology (https://dx.doi.org/10.24072/pci.ecology.100004). Finding general patterns in the expansion of natural populations is a major challenge in ecology and invasion biology. Classical spatio-temporal models predict that the carrying capacity (K) of the environment should have no influence on the speed (v) of an expanding population. We tested the generality of this statement with reaction-diffusion equations, stochastic individual-based models, and microcosms experiments withTrichogramma chiloniswasps. We investigated the dependence betweenKandvunder different assumptions: null model (Fisher-KPP-like assumptions), strong Allee effects, and positive density-dependent dispersal. These approaches led to similar and complementary results. Strong Allee effects, positive density-dependent dispersal and demographic stochasticity in small populations lead to a positive dependence betweenKandv. A positive correlation between carrying capacity and propagation speed might be more frequent than previously expected, and be the rule when individuals at the edge of a population range are not able to fully drive the expansion.
Published: 2018

12. Colonization history of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) in North America: insights from random forest ABC using microsatellite data

Author: Thomas Guillemaud, Thomas W. Sappington, Aurélie Blin, Nicholas J. Miller, Marc Ciosi, Eric Lombaert, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, ANR, and French Agropolis Fondation (Labex Agro-Montpellier, BIOFIS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Population, Introduced species, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, 03 medical and health sciences, Invasion routes, Genetic variation, Colonization, Genetic variability, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Diabrotica virgifera, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology.organism_classification, Maize, 030104 developmental biology, Western corn rootworm, Genetic structure, Microsatellite, Approximate Bayesian computation, Biological invasion
Abstract: First described from western Kansas, USA, the western corn rootworm,Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is one of the worst pests of maize. The species is generally thought to be of Mexican origin and to have incidentally followed the expansion of maize cultivation into North America thousands of years ago. However, this hypothesis has never been investigated formally. In this study, the genetic variability of samples collected throughout North America was analysed at 13 microsatellite marker loci to explore precisely the population genetic structure and colonization history ofD. v. virgifera. In particular, we used up-to-date Approximate Bayesian Computation methods based on random forest algorithms to test a Mexican versus a central-USA origin of the species, and to compare various possible timings of colonization. This analysis provided strong evidence that the origin ofD. v. virgiferawas southern (Mexico, or even further south). Surprisingly, we also found that the expansion of the species north of its origin was recent - probably not before 1100 years ago - thus indicating it was not directly associated with the early history of maize expansion out of Mexico, a far more ancient event.
Published: 2018
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13. Biases of STRUCTURE software when exploring introduction routes of invasive species

Author: Emeline Deleury, Eric Lombaert, Thomas Guillemaud, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale (IBSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Population, Inference, Population genetics, Context (language use), Introduced species, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bottleneck, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Statistics, Genetics, Cluster Analysis, Computer Simulation, Cluster analysis, education, Genetics (clinical), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, Models, Genetic, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genetic Variation, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 030104 developmental biology, Genetics, Population, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Introduced Species, Software, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Population genetic methods are widely used to retrace the introduction routes of invasive species. The unsupervised Bayesian clustering algorithm implemented in STRUCTURE is amongst the most frequently used of these methods, but its ability to provide reliable information about introduction routes has never been assessed. We simulated microsatellite datasets to evaluate the extent to which the results provided by STRUCTURE were misleading for the inference of introduction routes. We focused on an invasion scenario involving one native and two independently introduced populations, because it is the sole scenario that can be rejected when obtaining a particular clustering with a STRUCTURE analysis at K = 2 (two clusters). Results were classified as "misleading" or "non-misleading". We investigated the influence of effective size, bottleneck severity and number of loci on the type and frequency of misleading results. We showed that misleading STRUCTURE results were obtained for 10% of all simulated datasets. Our results highlighted two categories of misleading output. The first occurs when the native population has a low level of diversity. In this case, the two introduced populations may be very similar, despite their independent introduction histories. The second category results from convergence issues in STRUCTURE for K = 2, with strong bottleneck severity and/or large numbers of loci resulting in high levels of differentiation between the three populations. Overall, the risk of being misled by STRUCTURE in the context of introduction routes inferences is moderate, but it is important to remain cautious when low genetic diversity or genuine multimodality between runs are involved.
Published: 2018
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14. Inhibition of nitrogen fixation in symbiotic Medicago truncatula upon Cd exposure is a local process involving leghaemoglobin

Author: Isabelle Damiani, Sébastien Gucciardo, Daniel Marino, Alain Puppo, Nicolas Pauly, Iker Mijangos, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, and Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario [Derio] (NEIKER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Antioxidant, Medicago truncatula–Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis, Physiology, cadmium, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Medicago truncatulaSinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis, nitrogen fixation, reactive oxygen species, split-root system, Antioxidants, 03 medical and health sciences, Symbiosis, antioxydant, Botany, Medicago truncatula, medicine, Leghemoglobin, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Reactive oxygen species, Nitrogenase, food and beverages, Plant Components, Aerial, biology.organism_classification, split root, chemistry, Biochemistry, fixation de l'azote, Shoot, Nitrogen fixation, espèce reactive de l'oxygène, Root Nodules, Plant, 010606 plant biology & botany, Research Paper
Abstract: International audience; Leguminous biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is very sensitive to environmental fluctuations. It is still contentious how BNF is regulated under stress conditions. The local or systemic control of BNF and the role played by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in such regulation have still not been elucidated completely. Cadmium, which belongs to the so-called heavy metals, is one of the most toxic substances released into the environment. The mechanisms involved in Cd toxicity are still not completely understood but the overproduction of ROS is one of its characteristic symptoms. In this work, we used a split-root system approach to study nodule BNF and the antioxidant machinerys response to the application of a mild Cd treatment on one side of a nodulated Medicago truncatula root system. Cd induced the majority of nodule antioxidants without generating any oxidative damage. Cd treatment also provoked BNF inhibition exclusively in nodules directly exposed to Cd, without provoking any effect on plant shoot biomass or chlorophyll content. The overall data suggest that the decline in BNF was not due to a generalized breakdown of the plant but to control exerted through leghaemoglobin/oxygen availability, affecting nitrogenase function.
Published: 2013
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15. Refounding of the activity concept? Towards a federative paradigm for modeling and simulation

Author: Franck Varenne, Luc Touraille, Patrick Coquillard, David R.C. Hill, Philippe Caillou, Dominique Prunetti, Alexandre Muzy, Bernard P. Zeigler, Olivier Michel, Jonathan Caux, Lieux, Identités, eSpaces, Activités (LISA), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude des méthodes de l'analyse sociologique (GEMAS), Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Tucson] (ECE), University of Arizona, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne, TEAPEA, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Machine Learning and Optimisation (TAO), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Algorithmique Complexité et Logique (LACL), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Cognitive science, 021103 operations research, business.industry, activity, Perspective (graphical), 0211 other engineering and technologies, SPACES, 02 engineering and technology, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Modeling and simulation, Systems theory, Modeling and Simulation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, systems theory, business, dynamic systems, Software, Scientific disciplines
Abstract: Journal : Simulation, Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International; International audience; Currently, the widely used notion of activity is increasingly present in computer science. However, because this notion is used in specific contexts, it becomes vague. Here, the notion of activity is scrutinized in various contexts and, accord-ingly, put in perspective. It is discussed through four scientific disciplines: computer science, biology, economics, and epis-temology. The definition of activity usually used in simulation is extended to new qualitative and quantitative definitions. In computer science, biology and economics disciplines, the new simulation activity definition is first applied critically. Then, activity is discussed generally. In epistemology, activity is discussed, in a prospective way, as a possible framework in models of human beliefs and knowledge.
Published: 2012
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16. Histological Mechanisms of the Resistance Conferred by the Ma Gene Against Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus spp

Author: Roger Voisin, Gilbert Engler, Cyril Van Ghelder, Saïd Amiri, Daniel Esmenjaud, Samira Khallouk, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), and Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Meknès (ENA)
Subjects: mayaguensis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, myrobalan plum, Plant Roots, peach, Host-Parasite Interactions, Prunus, pathogène, Botany, Meloidogyne incognita, Animals, Gall, Tylenchoidea, arenaria, pathogens, nematodes, arabidopsis, nématode, biology, food and beverages, pêche fruit, Meristem, biology.organism_classification, Apex (geometry), Nematode, Stele, Agronomy and Crop Science, Terra incognita
Abstract: Khallouk, S., Voisin, R., Van Ghelder, C., Engler, G., Amiri, S., and Esmenjaud, D. 2011. Histological mechanisms of the resistance conferred by the Ma gene against Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus spp. Phytopathology 101:945-951. The Ma gene from Myrobalan plum is a TNL gene that confers a highlevel resistance to all root-knot nematodes of major economic importance, including Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria, and M. enterolobii. The nematode behavior in the roots and the corresponding histological mechanisms of the Ma resistance to M. incognita in the resistant (R) accessions of the plum ‘P.2175’ and the interspecific hybrid P.2175 × almond-peach ‘35’, carrying the Ma1 allele (Ma1/ma), were characterized in comparison with the susceptible (S) accessions in the plum ‘P.2032’ and the interspecific hybrid P.2175 × almond-peach ‘253’ (ma/ma). Second-stage juveniles (J2s) were inoculated in micropropagated plantlets grown in soil substrate under controlled conditions at 25°C. Nematodes penetrated both R and S plants preferentially along the apical zone or close to the young lateral buds and moved via similar routes. Then they migrated into the cortex downward in the direction of the apex and turned up in the meristematic apical region to colonize the differentiating stele. In R accessions, motile J2s neither swelled nor developed into J3s, and initiation of feeding sites was never observed. This complete absence of gall symptoms is associated with cell necroses and corresponding hypersensitive-like reaction (HLR) phenotypes occurring either in the stele or in the meristematic apical region or in the cortex. Nematode attacks often disorganized the meristematic apical tissues of R accessions, which induced the development of subterminal lateral roots replacing primary terminal apices and, thus, provided an active resistance reaction to HLR damage.
Published: 2011
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17. Crucial role of (homo)glutathione in nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula nodules

Author: Annie Lambert, Eric Boncompagni, Sarra El Msehli, Julie Hopkins, Pierre P Frendo, Samira Aschi Sa Smiti, Didier Hérouart, Fabien Baldacci-Cresp, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), Université de Tunis, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), European Communities, and Tunisian government
Subjects: ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSES, NRC001 promoter, Rhizobiaceae, Root nodule, nodule, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Down-Regulation, SUCROSE SYNTHASE, homoglutathione, Plant Science, Biology, Plant Roots, Glutathione Synthase, Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis, PEA NODULES, chemistry.chemical_compound, Plant Growth Regulators, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, LEGUME ROOT-NODULES, Nitrogen Fixation, CARBON METABOLISM, Medicago truncatula, LOTUS-JAPONICUS, glutathione, Symbiosis, Leghemoglobin, GENE-EXPRESSION, Regulation of gene expression, CELL-DIFFERENTIATION, NITRIC-OXIDE, Gene Expression Profiling, Glutathione, biological nitrogen fixation, Plants, Genetically Modified, SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Biochemistry, Nitrogen fixation, Thioredoxin, Root Nodules, Plant, Sinorhizobium meliloti
Abstract: Legumes form a symbiotic interaction with bacteria of the Rhizobiaceae family to produce nitrogen-fixing root nodules under nitrogen-limiting conditions. We examined the importance of glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) during the nitrogen fixation process. Spatial patterns of the expression of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of both thiols were studied using promoter-GUS fusion analysis. Genetic approaches using the nodule nitrogen-fixing zone-specific nodule cysteine rich (NCR001) promoter were employed to determine the importance of (h) GSH in biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). The (h) GSH synthesis genes showed a tissue-specific expression pattern in the nodule. Down-regulation of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma ECS) gene by RNA interference resulted in significantly lower BNF associated with a significant reduction in the expression of the leghemoglobin and thioredoxin S1 genes. Moreover, this lower (h) GSH content was correlated with a reduction in the nodule size. Conversely, gamma ECS overexpression resulted in an elevated GSH content which was correlated with increased BNF and significantly higher expression of the sucrose synthase-1 and leghemoglobin genes. Taken together, these data show that the plant (h) GSH content of the nodule nitrogen-fixing zone modulates the efficiency of the BNF process, demonstrating their important role in the regulation of this process.
Published: 2011
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18. TheMaGene for Complete-Spectrum Resistance toMeloidogyneSpecies inPrunusIs a TNL with a Huge Repeated C-Terminal Post-LRR Region

Author: M. Kleinhentz, N. Bosselut, Marie-Noëlle Rosso, Bernard Lafargue, Michel Claverie, Cyril Van Ghelder, Daniel Esmenjaud, Roger Voisin, Boulos Chalhoub, Pierre Abad, Elisabeth Dirlewanger, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherches Espèces Fruitières et Vigne (UREFV), Unité de recherche en génomique végétale (URGV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Positional cloning, Physiology, Agrobacterium, Pseudogene, Locus (genetics), Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, PRUNUS CERASIFERA, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Exon, Complementary DNA, PRUNIER, Genetics, Peptide sequence, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, PRUNIER MYROBOLAN, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: L'article original est publié par The American Society of Plant Biologists Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne species are major polyphagous pests of most crops worldwide, and cultivars with durable resistance are urgently needed because of nematicide bans. The Ma gene from the Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera) confers complete-spectrum, heat-stable, and high-level resistance to RKN, which is remarkable in comparison with the Mi-1 gene from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the sole RKN resistance gene cloned. We report here the positional cloning and the functional validation of the Ma locus present at the heterozygous state in the P.2175 accession. High-resolution mapping totaling over 3,000 segregants reduced the Ma locus interval to a 32-kb cluster of three Toll/Interleukin1 Receptor-Nucleotide Binding Site-Leucine-Rich Repeat (LRR) genes (TNL1–TNL3), including a pseudogene (TNL2) and a truncated gene (TNL3). The sole complete gene in this interval (TNL1) was validated as Ma, as it conferred the same complete-spectrum and high-level resistance (as in P.2175) using its genomic sequence and native promoter region in Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed hairy roots and composite plants. The full-length cDNA (2,048 amino acids) of Ma is the longest of all Resistance genes cloned to date. Its TNL structure is completed by a huge post-LRR (PL) sequence (1,088 amino acids) comprising five repeated carboxyl-terminal PL exons with two conserved motifs. The amino-terminal region (213 amino acids) of the LRR exon is conserved between alleles and contrasts with the high interallelic polymorphisms of its distal region (111 amino acids) and of PL domains. The Ma gene highlights the importance of these uncharacterized PL domains, which may be involved in pathogen recognition through the decoy hypothesis or in nuclear signaling.
Published: 2011
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19. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Prunus as an alternative for gene functional analysis in hairy-roots and composite plants

Author: Marie-Noëlle Rosso, Roger Voisin, Daniel Esmenjaud, Nathalie Bosselut, Michel Claverie, Cyril Van Ghelder, Jean-Paul Onesto, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Développement et amélioration des plantes (UMR DAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Recherches Intégrées en Horticulture (URIH), European Union [FAIR6-CT 984139, 1999-2004], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, DOMESTICA L, Acclimatization, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Système racinaire, Prunus, Cutting, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genes, Reporter, LEAF EXPLANTS, Meloidogyne incognita, Transgenes, NEMATODE RESISTANCE GENES, Porte greffe, Nematode, Nématode des plantes, KNOT NEMATODES, 2. Zero hunger, SUGAR-BEET, 0303 health sciences, MYROBALAN PLUM, biology, Temperature, food and beverages, General Medicine, Plants, Genetically Modified, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Transgenic roots, FRUIT-TREES, Rootstock, Rhizobium, FLUORESCENT PROTEIN GFP, DNA, Bacterial, Rhizobiaceae, Genotype, PYRUS-COMMUNIS L, Agrobacterium, Photoperiod, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Transformation génétique, 03 medical and health sciences, Transformation, Genetic, Bacterial Proteins, REGENERATION, Botany, Animals, Tylenchoidea, Plant Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, Génie génétique, Reporter gene, Genetic Complementation Test, Poil végétal, fungi, Peptide Elongation Factors, Plante transgénique, biology.organism_classification, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Transformation (genetics), Genetic engineering, Résistance aux organismes nuisibles, Acclimation, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; Resistant rootstocks offer an alternative to pesticides for the control of soil pests. In Prunus spp., resistance loci to root-knot nematodes (RKN) have been mapped and a transformation method is needed to validate candidate genes. Our efforts have focused on the generation of transformed hairy-roots and composite plants appropriate for nematode infection assays. An efficient and reliable method using the A4R strain of Agrobacterium rhizogenes for the transformation of Prunus roots with an Egfp reporter gene is given. The rooting efficiency, depending on the genotypes, was maximal for the interspecific hybrid 253 (Myrobalan plum x almond-peach), susceptible to RKN, that was retained for subsequent studies. From the agro-inoculated cuttings, 72% produced roots, mainly at the basal section of the stem. Transformed roots were screened by microscope detection of Egfp fluorescence and molecular analyses of the integration of the transgene. The absence of residual agrobacteria in the plants was checked by the non-amplification of the chromosomal gene chvH. Egfp was expressed visually in 76% of the rooted plants. Isolated hairy roots in Petri dishes and composite plants (transformed roots and non-transformed aerial part) in soil containers were inoculated with the RKN Meloidogyne incognita. In both cases, root transformation did not affect the ability of the nematodes to develop in the root tissues. Our results showed that isolated hairy-roots can be used to validate candidate genes and the conditions in which composite plants offer a complementary system for studying the function of root genes in physiological conditions of whole plants are discussed.
Published: 2011
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20. Molecular characterization of Psyttalia lounsburyi, a candidate biocontrol agent of the olive fruit fly, and its Wolbachia symbionts as a pre-requisite for future intraspecific hybridization

Author: Nicolas Ris, Sandrine Cheyppe-Buchmann, Walker A. Jones, Marie-Claude Bon, Sylvie Warot, Xavier Fauvergue, Thibaut Malausa, Unité expérimentale de Lutte Biologique (ULB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Psyttalia, ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION, Bactrocera oleae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Olive fruit fly, HYMENOPTERA, BACTROCERA-OLEAE DIPTERA, Zoology, Context (language use), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, 03 medical and health sciences, INTRODUCTIONS, Classical biological control, Tephritidae, Botany, Bactrocera, BRACONIDAE, POPULATION-STRUCTURE, TEPHRITIDAE, Hybridization, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, biology, fungi, GENETIC-VARIATION, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, lounsburyi, Animal ecology, Insect Science, PARASITOIDS, Wolbachia, Agronomy and Crop Science, BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT
Abstract: International audience; Numerous arthropod species are genetically differentiated across their distribution area. Diversifying the geographical origins of a biocontrol agent species can be used to favour their perennial establishment by the sampling of pre-adapted genotypes and/or the production of new genotypes through hybridization. Hybridization can be nevertheless challenged by reproductive isolations induced by some common microbial endosymbionts. In this study, we aimed at characterizing (i) the genetic diversity of six populations of Psyttalia lounsburyi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a candidate biocontrol agent of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) and (ii) the diversity of their Wolbachia endosymbionts. Both mitochondrial and microsatellite markers evidence clustering between the South African population and several Kenyan/Namibian populations. The survey of the Wolbachia also distinguished two main variants with a spatial heterogeneity in the infection status. All these results are discussed in the context of the use of these P. lounsburyi populations for hybridization and further field releases.
Published: 2011
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21. Insecticide use and competition shape the genetic diversity of the aphid Aphis gossypii in a cotton-growing landscape

Author: Jérôme Carletto, Flavie Vanlerberghe-Masutti, Thierry Brévault, Julien Tribot, Systèmes de Cultures Annuelles (UPR SCA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, Insecticides, glover, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate, aphididae, Gestion intégrée des ravageurs, Gossypium, 01 natural sciences, susceptibility, Aphis gossypii, myzus persicae hemiptera, Insecticide, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Aphid, Résistance aux insecticides, integrated pest management, biology, genotypic diversity, food and beverages, insecticide resistance, homoptera, General Medicine, host plants, Génotype, Plante hôte, Competitive Behavior, Pesticide resistance, Genotype, media_common.quotation_subject, Gossypium hirsutum, selection, 010603 evolutionary biology, Competition (biology), resistance, Variation génétique, Abelmoschus, peach potato aphid, Botany, temporal dynamic, Animals, Selection, Genetic, dispersal, Population Growth, parasitoid, Malvaceae, Host (biology), fungi, Hôte intermédiaire, Genetic Variation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, 010602 entomology, Agronomy, Aphids, Insect Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Field populations of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, are structured into geographically widespread host races. In the cotton-producing regions of West and Central Africa (WCA), two genotypes have been repeatedly detected within the cotton host race, one of which (Burk1) is prevalent (>90%) and resistant to several insecticides, as opposed to the second one (Ivo). Here, we conducted whole plant and field cage experiments to test hypotheses for such low genetic diversity, including selection from insecticide treatments, interclonal competition and adaptation to host plant, or climatic conditions. To assess the genetic diversity of immigrant aphids, alatae were trapped and collected on cotton and relay host plants (okra and roselle) in the early cropping season. Individuals were genotyped at eight specific microsatellite loci and characterized by a multilocus genotype (MLG). When independently transferred from cotton (Gossypium hirustum L.) leaf discs to whole plants (G. hirsutum and G. arboreum, roselle and okra), Ivo and Burk1 performed equally well. When concurrently transferred from cotton leaf discs to the same plant species, Ivo performed better than Burk1, indicating that competition favoured Ivo. This was also the case on G. hirsutum growing outdoors. Conversely, Burk1 prevailed when cotton plants were sprayed with insecticides. In experiments where aphids were allowed to move to neighbouring plants, Burk1 was better represented than Ivo on low-populated plants, suggesting that dispersal may be a way to avoid competition on crowded plants. Most cotton aphids collected on cotton or relay host plants in the early cropping season were Burk1 (>90%), indicating high dispersal ability and, probably reflecting high frequency on host plants from which they dispersed. In the agricultural landscape of WCA, the use of broad-range insecticides on both cotton and relay host plants has led to the prevalence of one genotype of A. gossypii resistant to different classes of insecticides. Deployment of widespread and integrated pest management strategies are needed to restore cotton aphid control.
Published: 2011
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22. Critical patch size generated by Allee effect in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.)

Author: Vercken, Elodie, Kramer, A.M., Tobin, P.C., Drake, J.M., Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Georgia [USA], and Forest Service
Subjects: Male, Population Density, LYMANTRIIDAE, Time Factors, extinction, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], PRINCIPE ALLEE, reaction-diffusion, Moths, invasion, LEPIDOPTERA, United States, generalized additive models, Allee effect, Animals, Female, Letters, gypsy moth, dispersal, Introduced Species, Population Growth, LYMANTRIA DISPAR, critical area, Voronoi tessellation
Abstract: Allee effects are important dynamical mechanisms in small-density populations in which per capita population growth rate increases with density. When positive density dependence is sufficiently severe (a ‘strong’ Allee effect), a critical density arises below which populations do not persist. For spatially distributed populations subject to dispersal, theory predicts that the occupied area also exhibits a critical threshold for population persistence, but this result has not been confirmed in nature. We tested this prediction in patterns of population persistence across the invasion front of the European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) in the United States in data collected between 1996 and 2008. Our analysis consistently provided evidence for effects of both population area and density on persistence, as predicted by the general theory, and confirmed here using a mechanistic model developed for the gypsy moth system. We believe this study to be the first empirical documentation of critical patch size induced by an Allee effect
Published: 2011
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23. A Medicago truncatula NADPH oxidase is involved in symbiotic nodule functioning

Author: Etienne Danchin, Daniel Marino, Annie Lambert, Alain Puppo, Nicolas Pauly, Sébastien Gucciardo, Elodie Oger, Emilie Andrio, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Root nodule, croissance végétale, Physiology, Plant Science, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, respiratory burst oxidase homologue, Phylogeny, reactive oxygen species, Regulation of gene expression, Sinorhizobium meliloti, NADPH oxidase, biology, food and beverages, Medicago truncatula, Cell biology, Protein Transport, Phenotype, fixation de l'azote, nitrogen fixation, Sinorhizobium, RNA Interference, Root Nodules, Plant, séquence nucleique, Medicago truncatula–Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis, nodule, Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Root hair, Genes, Plant, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, pcr, Botany, RELATION PLANTE-MICROORGANISME, Symbiosis, Gene, hypoxia, génome, Gene Expression Profiling, Research, MEDICAGO TRUNCATULA, SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI, HYPOXIA, NADPH OXIDASE, NITROGEN FIXATION, NITROGENASE, NODULE, REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES, RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGUE, RHIZOBIUM-LEGUME SYMBIOSIS, NADPH Oxidases, Molecular Sequence Annotation, nitrogenase, biology.organism_classification, Phytopathologie et phytopharmacie, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, croissance racinaire, biology.protein
Abstract: • The plant plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases, known as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOHs), appear to play crucial roles in plant growth and development. They are involved in important processes, such as root hair growth, plant defence reactions and abscisic acid signalling. • Using sequence similarity searches, we identified seven putative RBOH-encoding genes in the Medicago truncatula genome. A phylogenetic reconstruction showed that Rboh gene duplications occurred in legume species. We analysed the expression of these MtRboh genes in different M. truncatula tissues: one of them, MtRbohA, was significantly up-regulated in Sinorhizobium meliloti-induced symbiotic nodules. • MtRbohA expression appeared to be restricted to the nitrogen-fixing zone of the functional nodule. Moreover, using S. meliloti bacA and nifH mutants unable to form efficient nodules, a strong link between nodule nitrogen fixation and MtRbohA up-regulation was shown. MtRbohA expression was largely enhanced under hypoxic conditions. Specific RNA interference for MtRbohA provoked a decrease in the nodule nitrogen fixation activity and the modulation of genes encoding the microsymbiont nitrogenase. • These results suggest that hypoxia, prevailing in the nodule-fixing zone, may drive the stimulation of MtRbohA expression, which would, in turn, lead to the regulation of nodule functioning
Published: 2010
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24. MtNOA1/RIF1 modulates Medicago truncatula–Sinorhizobium meliloti nodule development without affecting its nitric oxide content

Author: Stéphanie Piardi, Nicolas Pauly, Alain Puppo, Daniel Marino, Céline Ferrari, Emilie Andrio, Renaud Brouquisse, Emmanuel Baudouin, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-07-BLAN-0117-02]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Rhizobiaceae, Root nodule, ROOT-NODULE, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lotus japonicus, Plant Science, Nitric Oxide, 01 natural sciences, STOMATAL CLOSURE, Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis, NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA, AGROBACTERIUM-RHIZOGENES, SYNTHASE ACTIVITY, 03 medical and health sciences, Symbiosis, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, NITRATE REDUCTASE, Nitrogen Fixation, Medicago truncatula, Botany, RIF1 protein, medicine, LOTUS-JAPONICUS, PLANTS, GENE-EXPRESSION, Plant Proteins, 030304 developmental biology, nodule development and functioning, 0303 health sciences, Sinorhizobium meliloti, biology, food and beverages, Nodule (medicine), cpGTPase, NOA1, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, Nitrogen fixation, Nitric Oxide Synthase, medicine.symptom, Root Nodules, Plant, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; AtNoa1/Rif1 (formerly referred to as AtNos1) has been shown to modulate nitric oxide (NO) content in Arabidopsis. As NO generation in the legume-rhizobium symbiosis has been shown, the involvement of an AtNoa1/Rif1 orthologue from Medicago truncatula (MtNoa1/Rif1) during its symbiotic interaction with Sinorhizobium meliloti has been studied. The expression of MtNoa1/Rif1 appeared to occur mainly in nodule vascular bundles and the meristematic zone. Using an RNA interference strategy, transgenic roots exhibiting a significantly decreased level of MtNoa1/Rif1 expression were analysed. NO production was assessed using a fluorescent probe, and the symbiotic capacities of the composite plants upon infection with Sinorhizobium meliloti were determined. The decrease in MtNoa1/Rif1 expression level resulted in a decrease in NO production in roots, but not in symbiotic nodules, indicating a different regulation of NO synthesis in these organs. However, it significantly lowered the nodule number and the nitrogen fixation capacity of the functional nodules. Although having no influence on NO production in nodules, MtNOA1/RIF1 significantly affected the establishment and the functioning of the symbiotic interaction. The impairment of plastid functioning may explain this phenotype.
Published: 2010
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25. Effects of long-term cadmium exposure on growth and metabolomic profile of tomato plants

Author: Michael Maucourt, Annick Moing, Pierre Baldet, Latifa Boulila Zoghlami, Hédia Hédiji, Wahbi Djebali, Catherine Deborde, Renaud Brouquisse, Philippe Gallusci, Cécile Cabasson, Anne Bertrand, Wided Chaïbi, Université of Tunis, UMR INRA / Univ. Bordeaux 1 / Univ. Bordeaux 2 : Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétales, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux 1 - Sciences Technologies (U. Bordeaux 1)-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2 (U. Bordeaux 2), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Chlorophyll, 0106 biological sciences, Time Factors, Proline, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, alpha-Tocopherol, Gene Expression, chemistry.chemical_element, Ascorbic Acid, Biology, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, PROFIL METABOLIQUE, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Metabolomics, Cadmium Chloride, Solanum lycopersicum, Animals, Asparagine, Food science, Carotenoid, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, BIOLOGIE VEGETALE, 0303 health sciences, Cadmium, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Terpenes, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, food and beverages, Environmental Exposure, General Medicine, Hydroponics, Carotenoids, Pollution, Plant Leaves, chemistry, Biochemistry, Tyrosine, Environmental Pollutants, Phytotoxicity, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The response of tomato plants to long-term cadmium exposure was evaluated after a 90-days long culture in hydroponic conditions (0, 20, and 100 μM CdCl2). Cadmium preferentially accumulated in roots, and to a lower extent in upper parts of plants. Absolute quantification of 28 metabolites was obtained through 1H NMR, HPLC-PDA, and colorimetric methods. The principal component analysis showed a clear separation between control and Cd treated samples. Proline and total ascorbate amounts were reduced in Cd-treated leaves, whereas α-tocopherol, asparagine, and tyrosine accumulation increased, principally in 100 μM Cd treated leaves. Carotenoid and chlorophyll contents decreased only in 100 μM Cd-mature-leaves, which correlate with a reduced expression of genes essential for isoprenoid and carotenoid accumulations. Our results show that tomato plants acclimatize during long-term exposure to 20 μM Cd. On the contrary, 100 μM Cd treatment results in drastic physiological and metabolic perturbations leading to plant growth limitation and fruit set abortion.
Published: 2010
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26. The immediate activation of defense responses in Arabidopsis roots is not sufficient to prevent Phytophthora parasitica infection

Author: Mathieu Gourgues, Harald Keller, Nicolas Callemeyn-Torre, Agnès Attard, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Phytophthora, Physiology, Plant Science, Plant Roots, Host-Parasite Interactions, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pathosystem, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, PHYTOPHTHORA PARASITICA, Arabidopsis, Haustorium, INFECTION, Botany, Arabidopsis thaliana, ROOT PENETRATION, Plant Diseases, RELATION HOTE-PARASITE, Oomycete, Appressorium, biology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Jasmonic acid, fungi, food and beverages, ARABIDOPSIS, biology.organism_classification, COMPATIBLE INTERACTION, Immunity, Innate, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Cell biology, Plant Leaves, chemistry, Mutation, SYSTEME DE DEFENSE, Salicylic acid, Signal Transduction, DEFENSE SIGNALING
Abstract: * • The outcome of plant–microbe interactions is determined by a fine-tuned molecular interplay between the two partners. Little is currently known about the molecular dialogue between plant roots and filamentous pathogens. We describe here a new pathosystem for the analysis of molecular mechanisms occurring during the establishment of a compatible interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana roots and a root-infecting oomycete. * • We performed cytological and genetic analyses of root infection during the compatible interaction between A. thaliana and Phytophthora parasitica. * • Phytophthora parasitica uses appressoria to penetrate A. thaliana roots. Initial biotrophic growth is accompanied by the formation of haustoria, and is followed by a necrotrophic lifestyle. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with impaired salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) or ethylene (ET) signaling pathways are more susceptible than the wild-type to infection. The salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent signaling pathways are concertedly activated when P. parasitica penetrates the roots, but are downregulated during invasive growth, when ethylene-mediated signaling predominates. * • Thus, defense responses in A. thaliana roots are triggered immediately on contact with P. parasitica. Our findings suggest that the pattern of early defense mechanism activation differs between roots and leaves.
Published: 2010
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27. Host-searching responses to herbivory-associated chemical information and patch use depend on mating status of female solitary parasitoid wasps

Author: Soichi Kugimiya, Junji Takabayashi, Eric Wajnberg, Takeshi Shimoda, Masayoshi Uefune, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), National Agricultural Research Center, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Center for Ecological Research, and Kyoto University [Kyoto]
Subjects: TRITROPHIC INTERACTION, Ecology, biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COTESIA VESTALIS, fungi, HERBIVORE-INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES, food and beverages, Parasitism, INDIRECT DEFENCE, biology.organism_classification, Parasitoid, Parasitoid wasp, Insect Science, Haplodiploidy, Ovipositor, Cotesia vestalis, Mating, SEX ALLOCATION, reproductive and urinary physiology, Sex allocation
Abstract: 1. In a tritrophic interaction system consisting of plants, herbivores, and their parasitoids, chemicals released from plants after herbivory are known to play important roles for many female parasitoids to find their hosts efficiently. On the plant side, chemical information associated with herbivory can act as an indirect defence by attracting the natural enemies of the host herbivores. 2. However, mated and virgin females of haplodiploid parasitoids might not necessarily respond to such chemical cues in the same way. Since virgin females can produce only sons, they might refrain from searching for hosts to invest eggs until copulation, in order to produce both sexes. 3. Here, we investigated differential host-searching behaviours shown by mated and virgin females in the solitary parasitoid wasp, Cotesia vestalis, in response to herbivory-associated chemical information from cruciferous plants infested by their host larvae, Plutella xylostella. 4. Mated females showed a significantly higher flight preference for host-infested plants over intact plants, while no preference was observed with virgin females. Mated females also showed more intensive antennal searching and ovipositor probing behaviours to leaf squares with wounds caused by hosts than did virgin females. Furthermore, mated females stayed longer in host patches with higher parasitism rates than virgin females. 5. These results indicate that mating status of C. vestalis females clearly influences their host-searching behaviour in response to herbivory-associated chemical information and patch exploitation. Female parasitoids seem to forage for hosts depending on their own physiological condition in a tritrophic system.
Published: 2010
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28. Does the source of nitrogen affect the response of subterranean clover to prolonged root hypoxia?

Author: Faouzi Horchani, Holmi Khayati, Samira Aschi-Smiti, Rim Hajri, Renaud Brouquisse, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Université of Tunis
Subjects: Trifolium subterraneum, biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ammonium nitrate, Nitrogen assimilation, fungi, food and beverages, Soil Science, HYPOXIA, AMMONIUM, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, NITROGEN NUTRITION, TRIFOLIUM SUBTERRANEUM, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Agronomy, chemistry, Chlorophyll, Shoot, Ammonium, Plant nutrition, Chlorophyll fluorescence, NITRATE
Abstract: Nitrogen (N) is taken up by most plant species in the form of nitrate (NOequation image) or ammonium (NHequation image). The plant response to continuous ammonium nutrition is species-dependent. In this study, the effects of the source of N nutrition (NOequation image, NHequation image, or the mixture of NOequation image and NHequation image) on the response of clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. 45C) plants to prolonged root hypoxia was studied. Under aerobic conditions, plant growth was strongly depressed by NHequation image, compared to NOequation image or mixed N nutrition, as indicated by the significant decrease in root and shoot-dry-matter production (DW), root and shoot water contents (WC), leaf chlorophyll concentration, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F0, Fv/Fm). However, the N source had no effect on chlorophyll a–to–chlorophyll b ratio. Under hypoxic conditions, the negative effects of root hypoxia on plant-growth parameters (DW and WC), leaf chlorophyll concentration, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were alleviated by NHequation image rather than NOequation image supply. Concomitantly, shoot DW–to–root DW ratio, and root and leaf NHequation image concentrations were significantly decreased, whereas root and leaf carbohydrate concentrations, glutamine synthetase activities, and protein concentrations were remarkably increased. The present data reveal that the N source (NOequation image or NHequation image) is a major factor affecting clover responses to hypoxic stress, with plants being more tolerant when NHequation image is the N form used. The different sensitivity is discussed in terms of a competition for energy between nitrogen assimilation and plant growth.
Published: 2010
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29. Parasitism of different Trichogramma species and strains on Plutella xylostella L. on greenhouse cauliflower

Author: Céline Bardon, Eric Wajnberg, Elisabeth Tabone, Nicolas Desneux, Unité expérimentale de Lutte Biologique (ULB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Dynamique de la Biodiversité (LADYBIO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Recherches Intégrées en Horticulture (URIH), and Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biological pest control, Biology, PARASITIC EFFICIENCY, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DIAMONDBACK MOTH, Beneficial insects, BRASSICA, Diamondback moth, STRAINS, fungi, food and beverages, Plutella, biology.organism_classification, EGG PARASITOIDS, 010602 entomology, Horticulture, Trichogrammatidae, Agronomy, Plutellidae, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, PEST analysis, GREENHOUSE, Agronomy and Crop Science, Trichogramma
Abstract: International audience; The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cultivated Brassica worldwide, including those grown in greenhouses like cauliflower. In this article, we evaluate the potential of various species (and various strains of some species) of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) to control this pest on cauliflower in greenhouse in France. We assessed the parasitism levels on P. xylostella of 17 Trichogrammatidae strains, belonging to 12 different species (2 indigenous strains from France), under greenhouse conditions. Parasitism levels for each of the Trichogrammatidae species and strains were determined on cauliflower leaves (Brassica oleracea botrytis L., Brassicaceae) infested with P. xylostella eggs. Nine strains parasitized 60% (or more) of the P. xylostella eggs. Compared to previous results in laboratory conditions, climatic conditions of the greenhouse did not influence parasitism levels. The presence of the cauliflower plants may have a positive effect on eight strains, a negative effect on four strains and no effect on five strains. Our study points out the importance of including the host plant of P. xylostella when conducting studies aiming to select the most efficient parasitoid against this pest.
Published: 2010
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30. Reactive Oxygen Species during Plant-microorganism Early Interactions

Author: Daniel Marino, Amrit Kaur Nanda, Christophe Dunand, Nicolas Pauly, Emilie Andrio, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dynamique et Evolution des Parois cellulaires végétales, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Programmed cell death, Cellular respiration, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Defence mechanisms, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Botany, Plant defense against herbivory, RELATION PLANTE-MICROORGANISME, 030304 developmental biology, Abiotic component, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Reactive oxygen species, fungi, food and beverages, Plants, Cell biology, Respiratory burst, chemistry, Host-Pathogen Interactions, REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS), Signal transduction, Reactive Oxygen Species, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are continuously produced as a result of aerobic metabolism or in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. ROS are not only toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, but are also signalling molecules involved in several developmental processes in all organisms. Previous studies have clearly shown that an oxidative burst often takes place at the site of attempted invasion during the early stages of most plant-pathogen interactions. Moreover, a second ROS production can be observed during certain types of plant-pathogen interactions, which triggers hypersensitive cell death (HR). This second ROS wave seems absent during symbiotic interactions. This difference between these two responses is thought to play an important signalling role leading to the establishment of plant defense. In order to cope with the deleterious effects of ROS, plants are fitted with a large panel of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms. Thus, increasing numbers of publications report the characterisation of ROS producing and scavenging systems from plants and from microorganisms during interactions. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the ROS signals and their role during plant-microorganism interactions.
Published: 2010
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31. Sequences of sex allocation and mortality in clutches ofMetaphycusparasitoids of soft scale insects and the prevalence of all-female broods

Author: Robert F. Luck, Eric Wajnberg, Apostolos Kapranas, Department of Entomology [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Avian clutch size, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Zoology, Hymenoptera, Competition (biology), Parasitoid, Encyrtidae, ENCAPSULATION, Sex allocation, media_common, Ecology, biology, fungi, ALL-FEMALE BROODS, DEVELOPMENTAL MORTALITY, SEX ALLOCATION SEQUENCE PATTERN, biology.organism_classification, METAPHYCUS, PRECISE SEX RATIOS, Insect Science, PARASITOIDE, SOFT SCALE INSECTS, Coccus hesperidum, Sex ratio
Abstract: 1. In many gregarious or quasi-gregarious parasitoids that experience local mate competition, precise sex ratios with low variance are observed. Precise sex ratios can be achieved by laying male and female eggs in non-random sequences. 2. Developmental mortality can also alter sex ratios of emerging offspring, and subsequently influence sex ratio optima. 3. The present study investigates sex allocation by Metaphycus flavus Howard, M. luteolus Timberlake, and M. angustifrons Compere (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), endoparasitoids of soft scale insects, in the laboratory. 4. All three Metaphycus species had precise secondary sex ratios when parasitising brown soft scale, Coccus hesperidum, L. in the laboratory. Moreover, we documented that all three species lay fertilised (= female) eggs first followed by unfertilised (= male) eggs at the end of the oviposition bout. However, there were significant differences in sex allocation sequences among species. 5. Mortality rates of eggs allocated within an oviposition bout also varied considerably, indicating that there is a significant interspecific variation in sequence position-specific mortality. 6. Using a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation approach, we provide evidence that the incidence of all-female broods in these parasitoid wasps appears mainly due to developmental mortality and not due to decisions by the ovipositing female. In two species the prevalence of all-female broods was independent of clutch size, contrary to what is expected from theory. The influence of mortality on optimal sex allocation in these parasitoids is discussed.
Published: 2009
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32. Actin-Depolymerizing Factor2-Mediated Actin Dynamics Are Essential for Root-Knot Nematode Infection ofArabidopsis

Author: Pierre Abad, Mathilde Clément, Tijs Ketelaar, Mohamed Youssef Banora, Gilbert Engler, Janice de Almeida Engler, Patrick J. Hussey, Andrei Smertenko, Natalia Rodiuc, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, and Durham University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Arabidopsis, Plant Science, Giant Cells, Plant Roots, in-vivo, 01 natural sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Plant Tumors, Meloidogyne incognita, Arabidopsis thaliana, Cytoskeleton, Research Articles, filament turnover, 0303 health sciences, EPS-1, biology, giant-cells, cytoskeleton, cell periphery, maize actin, Cell biology, Actin Depolymerizing Factors, RNA, Plant, Gene Knockdown Techniques, RNA Interference, macromolecular substances, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Multinucleate, medicine, Animals, Root-knot nematode, nonhost resistance, Tylenchoidea, RELATION HOTE-PARASITE, 030304 developmental biology, Arabidopsis Proteins, plant-parasitic nematodes, Laboratorium voor Celbiologie, Cell Biology, adf/cofilin family, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, gene-expression, Actins, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Nematode infection, Giant cell, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Reorganization of the actin and microtubule networks is known to occur in targeted vascular parenchymal root cells upon infection with the nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Here, we show that actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) is upregulated in the giant feeding cells of Arabidopsis thaliana that develop upon nematode infection and that knockdown of a specific ADF isotype inhibits nematode proliferation. Analysis of the levels of transcript and the localization of seven ADF genes shows that five are upregulated in galls that result from the infection and that ADF2 expression is particularly increased between 14 and 21 d after nematode inoculation. Further analysis of ADF2 function in inducible RNA interference lines designed to knock down ADF2 expression reveals that this protein is required for normal cell growth and plant development. The net effect of decreased levels of ADF2 is F-actin stabilization in cells, resulting from decreased F-actin turnover. In nematode-infected plants with reduced levels of ADF2, the galls containing the giant feeding cells and growing nematodes do not develop due to the arrest in growth of the giant multinucleate feeding cells, which in turn is due to an aberrant actin network.
Published: 2009
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33. Systematic analysis of cell-cycle gene expression during Arabidopsis development

Author: Dirk Inzé, Ruth De Groodt, Stephane Rombauts, Veronique Boudolf, Björn De Meyer, Janice de Almeida Engler, Gilbert Engler, Tom Beeckman, Adriana Silva Hemerly, Lieven De Veylder, Pierre Hilson, Paulo Cavalcanti Gomes Ferreira, Mansour Karimi, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of plant systems biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas, Departement of Plant Systems Biology, Department of plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Gent, Laboratoire Associé de l'INRA, University Poles of Attraction Programme [IUAP VI/33], European Community [MRTN-CT-2004-005336], and Research Foundation-Flanders
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, DNA, Complementary, Light, Arabidopsis, Cell Cycle Proteins, Plant Science, Biology, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene expression, Genetics, Endoreduplication, Arabidopsis thaliana, RNA, Messenger, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, Arabidopsis Proteins, Cell Cycle, Lateral root, Computational Biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Cell Cycle Gene, Cell biology, RNA, Plant, Seedlings, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The steady-state distribution of cell-cycle transcripts in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was studied in a broad in situ survey to provide a better understanding of the expression of cell-cycle genes during plant development. The 61 core cell-cycle genes analyzed were expressed at variable levels throughout the different plant tissues: 23 genes generally in dividing and young differentiating tissues, 34 genes mostly in both dividing and differentiated tissues and four gene transcripts primarily in differentiated tissues. Only 21 genes had a typical patchy expression pattern, indicating tight cell-cycle regulation. The increased expression of 27 cell-cycle genes in the root elongation zone hinted at their involvement in the switch from cell division to differentiation. The induction of 20 cell-cycle genes in differentiated cortical cells of etiolated hypocotyls pointed to their possible role in the process of endoreduplication. Of seven cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes, five were upregulated in etiolated hypocotyls, suggesting a role in cell-cycle arrest. Nineteen genes were preferentially expressed in pericycle cells activated by auxin that give rise to lateral root primordia. Approximately 1800 images have been collected and can be queried via an online database. Our in situ analysis revealed that 70% of the cell-cycle genes, although expressed at different levels, show a large overlap in their localization. The lack of regulatory motifs in the upstream regions of the analyzed genes suggests the absence of a universal transcriptional control mechanism for all cell-cycle genes.
Published: 2009
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34. Contrasted Effects of Prolonged Root Hypoxia on Tomato Root and Fruit (Solanum lycopersicum) Metabolism

Author: F. Horchani, P. Raymond, S. Aschi-Smiti, R. Brouquisse, H. Khayati, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université of Tunis, and Station de physiologie végétale
Subjects: biology, FRUIT, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, SINK STRENGTH, food and beverages, Plant Science, Root system, Metabolism, SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM, biology.organism_classification, Photosynthesis, MINERAL, Agronomy, Anthesis, ROOT HYPOXIA, Botany, Solanum, Climacteric, Agronomy and Crop Science, Solanaceae, Legume
Abstract: The decrease in growth rate of the root system, or the complete cessation of its growth, in fruiting tomato plants is a known phenomena. It has been suggested that a limited supply of carbohydrates to this organ, because of its relative weakness in competition with the developing fruitlets is the main cause for these disorders. This hypothesis was tested in this study with tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv Micro-Tom) submitted to gradual root hypoxia (1–2 % oxygen) at first flower anthesis and with limited fruit number (six fruits per plant). To this end, a range of physiological and biochemical parameters was evaluated. Our results showed that under oxygen deficiency, root growth was severely affected. In contrast to fruits, root protein and carbohydrate contents decreased significantly, concomitantly with a significant decrease in photosynthesis. Together the present data revealed that, at the fruiting stage, the effect of flooding on root growth and metabolism is probably controlled by the relative sink strength of the fruit.
Published: 2009
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35. Profiling the repertoire of phenotypes influenced by environmental cues that occur during asexual reproduction

Author: Alain Robichon, Sophie Tares, Laury Arthaud, Aviv Dombrovsky, Terence Neil Ledger, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Agricultural Research Organization
Subjects: Male, Letter, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genome, Insect, Parthenogenesis, Population, Asexual reproduction, Cytidine, Biology, Epigenesis, Genetic, Sexual Behavior, Animal, REPRODUCTION ASEXUEE, Genetic variation, Genetics, Animals, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, education, Genetics (clinical), education.field_of_study, Repertoire, Genetic Variation, Methyltransferases, DNA Methylation, biology.organism_classification, Adaptation, Physiological, Phenotype, Founder Effect, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Evolutionary biology, Aphids, Insect Proteins, CpG Islands, Female, Seasons, Founder effect
Abstract: The aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum population is composed of different morphs, such as winged and wingless parthenogens, males, and sexual females. The combined effect of reduced photoperiodicity and cold in fall triggers the apparition of sexual morphs. In contrast they reproduce asexually in spring and summer. In our current study, we provide evidence that clonal individuals display phenotypic variability within asexual morph categories. We describe that clones sharing the same morphological features, which arose from the same founder mother, constitute a repertoire of variants with distinct behavioral and physiological traits. Our results suggest that the prevailing environmental conditions influence the recruitment of adaptive phenotypes from a cohort of clonal individuals exhibiting considerable molecular diversity. However, we observed that the variability might be reduced or enhanced by external factors, but is never abolished in accordance with a model of stochastically produced phenotypes. This overall mechanism allows the renewal of colonies from a few adapted individuals that survive drastic episodic changes in a fluctuating environment.
Published: 2009
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36. A novel species-specific satellite DNA family in the invasive root-knot nematode Meloidogyne mayaguensis and its potential use for diagnostics

Author: Onivaldo Randig, Myrian S. Tigano, Florence Deau, Marcilene dos Santos, Regina M. D. G. Carneiro, Philippe Castagnone-Sereno, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sequence analysis, Satellite DNA, GENETIC MAKER, Plant Science, DIAGNOSTICS, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, law, BIOINVASION, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Root-knot nematode, ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, Repeated sequence, Polymerase chain reaction, RELATION HOTE-PARASITE, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, biology, SATELLITE DNA, biology.organism_classification, Nematode, Genetic marker, PEST analysis, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne mayaguensis is considered as one of the most damaging RKN species because of its extremely wide host range. Recent surveys have shown the rapid spread of this parasite in agro-ecosytems, often making crop cultivation not viable in the heavily infested areas. Here, we report the identification, molecular cloning, genomic organisation and sequence analysis of a new satellite DNA (satDNA) family from M. mayaguensis (named pMmPet). It is comprised of two groups of A+T rich, tandemly repeated units of 174 and 180 bp, respectively. Using these sequences as targets, hybridisation and PCR experiments performed on a wide collection of 44 populations belonging to 15 RKN species showed that the pMmPet family could only be detected in the 16 M. mayaguensis populations tested. In addition, because of their repetitive nature, positive detection of pMmPet sequences was achieved in single individual nematodes. Therefore, the repeated sequence described here possesses features that make it an excellent candidate for use as a specific and extremely sensitive tool for the accurate detection and identification of this invasive pest on a routine basis. Clearly, monitoring the occurrence and spread of M. mayaguensis at the domestic and international levels are needed to avoid wholesale loss of agricultural resources in the infested regions.
Published: 2009
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37. Evaluation ofJuglansspecies for resistance toPhytophthora cinnamomi: differences in isolate virulence and response to fosetyl-Al

Author: Alessandra Belisario, Eric Wajnberg, M. Galli, Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Ecology, biology, PORTE-GREFFE, Virulence, Forestry, Xanthomonas arboricola, FOSETYL-Al, RESISTANCE/TOLERANCE, Phytophthora cinnamomi, biology.organism_classification, Fungicide, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Botany, Colonization, Phytophthora, Rootstock, MALADIE DE LA LIGNE NOIRE, Juglans
Abstract: Summary Phytophthora is considered as an important pathogen on walnut, and severe losses are reported in European as well as in American walnut stands. Though several Phytophthora spp. are known to attack walnut, P. cinnamomi is considered the most virulent and widespread in southern Europe. Up to now, no walnut species or hybrid is known to have a high resistance level towards P. cinnamomi. Efforts are addressed in finding rootstock material graft compatible with English walnut and resistant ⁄tolerant to P. cinnamomi. The extension of P. cinnamomi lesions on five Juglans species was studied to find out sources of resistance ⁄tolerance to this pathogen. Walnut species clustered into two main groups, J. hindsii, J. nigra, and J. mandshurica were the less susceptible to the colonization of P. cinnamomi, while J. regia and J. sieboldiana were the most susceptible. On this account, J. mandshurica represents the best alternative as rootstock because its employment overcomes the risk of the occurrence of black line disease, it has good level of resistance to Agrobacterium temefaciens and Brenneria nigrifluens, and it is tolerant to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis. J. mandshurica is also compatible in crosspollinations with J. regia and J. nigra. Differences in virulence of P. cinnamomi isolates was assessed and a marked interaction between species and isolate emerged. Treatment with fosetyl-Al by dipping was mainly efficient in reducing the length P. cinnamomi lesions, and an interaction between species and treatment was evident with the highest efficacy on J. regia and J. sieboldiana.
Published: 2009
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38. Increased hexose transport in the roots of tomato plants submitted to prolonged hypoxia

Author: Bérénice Ricard, Samira Smiti, Essia Bizid, Renaud Brouquisse, Imène Gharbi, Université of Tunis, Station de physiologie végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale
Subjects: Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, HYPOXIA, Plant Science, Plant Roots, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, Solanum lycopersicum, ROOT, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genetics, medicine, Hexose, Sugar, Hexose transport, Hexoses, chemistry.chemical_classification, BIOLOGIE VEGETALE, biology, fungi, food and beverages, Biological Transport, Hypoxia (medical), Hydroponics, biology.organism_classification, HEXOSE TRANSPORTER, Anoxic waters, Cell Hypoxia, Oxygen, Biochemistry, chemistry, TOMATO, MONOSACCHARIDES, medicine.symptom, Solanum, Solanaceae
Abstract: We investigated the effects of prolonged hypoxia on the sugar uptake in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. MP-1) roots. Hydroponic cultures of whole tomato plants were submitted to hypoxic treatment for 1 week, and the roots were analyzed for sugar concentrations, hexose uptake and hexose transporter expression level. Contrary to what has been observed after anoxic shock or short-term hypoxic treatment, we show that sugar concentrations increase and hexose uptake is up-regulated in the roots after 1 week of hypoxic treatment. Increased hexose transport is concomitant with the induction of the hexose transporter gene LeHT2. These responses may be due either to a direct effect of low O2 supply, or to a secondary effect associated with the increase in sugar concentrations, which, typically, develops in most hypoxic plants.
Published: 2009
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39. Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgiferaLeConte) population dynamics

Author: József Géza Kiss, Lorenzo Furlan, Nicholas J. Miller, Thomas W. Sappington, Nora Levay, David W. Onstad, Lance J. Meinke, Thomas Guillemaud, Judit Komaromi, Ferenc Tóth, University of Nebraska, Partenaires INRAE, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Genetics Laboratory, Iowa State University (ISU), Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois System, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Plant Protection Institute [Budapest] (ATK NOVI), Centre for Agricultural Research [Budapest] (ATK), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), and Universita di Padova
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cry3Bb1, DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, CHRYSOMELIDAE, Context (language use), Introduced species, Diapause, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM, BIOLOGIE DU DEVELOPPEMENT, DIAPAUSE, education, RELATION HOTE-PARASITE, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Forestry, biology.organism_classification, SEASONALITY, POPULATION DYNAMICS, 010602 entomology, Western corn rootworm, Agronomy, Insect Science, INVASIVENESS, PEST analysis, ESPECE INVASIVE, COLEPTERA, Agronomy and Crop Science, MAIZE
Abstract: The western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte is a major insect pest of field maize, Zea mays L. Larvae can cause substantial injury by feeding on maize roots. Larval feeding may destroy individual roots or root nodes, and reduce plant growth, stability, and yield. Costs associated with man- aging corn rootworms in continuous maize are annually one of the largest expen- ditures for insect management in the United States Corn Belt. 2 Even though D. virgifera virgifera has been studied intensively for over 50 years, there is renewed interest in the biology, ecology, and genetics of this species because of its ability to rapidly adapt to management tactics, and its aggressive invasive nature. 3 This article provides a comprehensive review of D. virgifera virgifera population dynamics, specifically: diapause, larval and adult development, seasonality, spa- tial and temporal dynamics at local and landscape scales, invasiveness in North America and Europe, and non-trophic interactions with other arthropods. 4 Gaps in current knowledge are identified and discussed especially within the context of challenges that scientists in North America and Europe are currently facing regarding pest dynamics and the need to develop appropriate management strategies for each geographic area.
Published: 2009
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40. DNA-based discrimination between the sibling speciesAphis gossypiiGlover andAphis frangulaeKaltenbach

Author: Flavie Vanlerberghe-Masutti, Jérôme Carletto, Aurélie Blin, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: APHIS GOSSYPII GLOVER, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Aphid, biology, Cytochrome b, APHIS FRANGULAE KALTENBACH, Population, food and beverages, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Subspecies, biology.organism_classification, Genetic analysis, DNA sequencing, INSECTE, ESPECE JUMELLE, Genetic marker, Insect Science, Aphis gossypii, Botany, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, RELATION HOTE-PARASITE
Abstract: Morphologically similar species occur in various groups of insects, including aphid pests. In Europe, Aphis frangulae Kaltenbach and Aphis gossypii Glover (sometimes considered as subspecies) are differentiated usually on the basis of life cycle and host plant. We used a sexual population of A. frangulae collected on the primary host and samples of A. gossypii collected on cucurbits or cotton for the development of molecular markers. DNA sequence data for the gene encoding cytochrome b and for the barcode region of cytochrome oxidase I, as well as a length polymorphism for an intron in the sodium channel para-type gene discriminated unambiguously between the two taxa. These markers were also used as identification keys for aphids collected on crops belonging to the Solanaceae. The cytochrome b marker differentiates host-related Aphis gossypii haplotypes, and the para-type gene intron might be suitable for the resolution of taxonomic problems in other aphid species complexes.
Published: 2009
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41. Effects of exogenous glucose on carotenoid accumulation in tomato leaves

Author: Nadège Telef, Philippe Gallusci, Dominique Rolin, Anne Mortain-Bertrand, Linda Stammitti, Patrice Colardelle, Renaud Brouquisse, Station de physiologie végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale
Subjects: Chlorophyll, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Physiology, Plant Science, Carbohydrate metabolism, SUCRE, Solanum lycopersicum, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Transferases, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Sugar, Carotenoid, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, organic chemicals, fungi, food and beverages, Plant physiology, BIOLOGIE, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Carbohydrate, biology.organism_classification, CAROTENOIDE, Carotenoids, Plant Leaves, Glucose, Enzyme, Biochemistry, chemistry, Transpiration stream, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Solanaceae
Abstract: To investigate the effect of carbohydrate on carotenoid accumulation in leaves, excised plants of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum var. cerasiformae, wva 106) were supplied with glucose through the transpiration stream for 48 h. We report here that sugar accumulation in leaves led to a decrease of carotenoid content, which was related to the reduction of Chl. The decrease in carotenoid amount correlated with a sugar-induced repression of genes encoding enzymes of the carotenoid and of the Rohmer pathways. The lower 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase transcript level probably leads to a decreased metabolic flux through the methylerythritol pathway and subsequently to a lower amount of substrate available for plastidic isoprenoid synthesis. Differences between responses of young (sink) and mature (source) leaves to carbohydrate accumulation are discussed.
Published: 2008
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42. Patch time allocation in male parasitoids

Author: Eric Wajnberg, Véronique Martel, Guy Boivin, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Ecology, biology, Host (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, Time allocation, HYMENOPTERA, Zoology, Marginal value theorem, Hymenoptera, biology.organism_classification, Sperm, TRICHOGRAMMA TURKESTANICA, Optimal foraging theory, Parasitoid, OPTIMAL FORAGING, REPRODUCTION, Insect Science, PARASITOIDE, MARGINAL VALUE THEOREM, REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES, PATCH LEAVING DECISION, Trichogramma turkestanica
Abstract: 1. Patch time allocation has been mostly studied in female parasitoids exploiting patches of hosts. Different parameters such as oviposition, host encounters, patch quality, etc. have been repeatedly shown to modify the time females invest on hosts. 2. Male parasitoids are expected to maximise their lifetime fitness by maximising the number of females inseminated during their life. Because they can be sperm and/or time limited, they should optimise their time allocation on emergence patches. 3. Patch time allocation thus appears to be an important question for both male and female parasitoids. 4. In this study, we determined the parameters used by males of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma turkestanica to decide when to leave the emergence patch. Among the different patch-leaving parameters tested, only contacts with parasitised hosts and presence of virgin females significantly influenced the patch-leaving tendency. 5. Our results suggest that males express behaviours that could enable them to optimise their patch exploitation time, as females do, but using different strategies.
Published: 2008
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43. Mechanisms of resistance to malathion in the medfly Ceratitis capitata

Author: Alexandra Brun-Barale, Cristina Magaña, Pedro Hernández-Crespo, Francisco Couso-Ferrer, René Feyereisen, Jean-Marc Bride, Félix Ortego, Pedro Castañera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Insecticides, DNA, Complementary, Mutant, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Esterase, ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE, Insecticide Resistance, resistance, 03 medical and health sciences, Carboxylesterase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Malaoxon, organophosphorus insecticides, Botany, Animals, Point Mutation, MEDFLY, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Allele, detoxification enzymes, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ceratitis capitata, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Medfly, acetylcholinesterase, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDE, biology.organism_classification, Acetylcholinesterase, Molecular biology, 3. Good health, Kinetics, 010602 entomology, Amino Acid Substitution, chemistry, Insect Science, Malathion, Insect Proteins, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, RESISTANCE
Abstract: 7 páginas, 2 figuras, 4 tablas -- PAGS nros. 756-762, Target site insensitivity and metabolic resistance mediated by esterases have been previously suggested to be involved in resistance to malathion in a field-derived strain (W) of Ceratitis capitata. In the present study, we have obtained the coding sequence for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene (Ccace) of C. capitata. An allele of Ccace carrying only a point mutation Gly328Ala (Torpedo numbering) adjacent to the glutamate of the catalytic triad was found in individuals of the W strain. Adult flies homozygotes for this mutant allele showed reduced AChE activity and less sensitivity to inhibition by malaoxon, showing that target site insensitivity is one of the factors of malathion resistance. In addition, all individuals from the resistant W strain showed reduced aliesterase activity, which has been associated with specific malathion resistance in higher Diptera. However, the αE7 gene (CcαE7), sequenced in susceptible and resistant individuals, did not carry any of the mutations associated with organophosphorus insecticide resistance in other Diptera. Another esterase mechanism, perhaps a carboxylesterase selective for malathion, in addition to mutant AChE, thus contributes to malathion resistance in C. capitata, This study received financial support from CICYT (AGL2004-05169).
Published: 2008
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44. Colour variation in female common lizards: why we should speak of morphs, a reply to Coteet al

Author: Jean Clobert, Barry Sinervo, Elodie Vercken, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of California Santa Cruz), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), and University of California-University of California
Subjects: Genetic inheritance, genetic structures, Lizard, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], COLOUR VARIATION, Zoology, Orange (colour), Biology, Reflectivity, POLYMORPHISM, GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS, biology.animal, sense organs, ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES, PLASTICITY, COMMON LIZARD, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Female common lizards display variation in their ventral colour, ranging from pale yellow to bright orange. In a previous study, we proposed a discrete classification of this variation into three colour classes: yellow, orange and mixed. However, a recent study reported on continuity of reflectance spectra and plastic change in spectrum components in female common lizards, which made the authors question the validity of a discrete classification of colour patterns in this species. Here, we discuss the relevance of discrete, eye-based colour classification for understanding the ecological processes that shape the social structure of common lizard female populations. First, as the mixed colour class is characterized by heterogeneous distribution of colour, we explain that it cannot be reliably described by localized spectrophotometer measurements. On the contrary, the classification of colour into three discrete classes is consistent with the description of three alternative strategies in female common lizards. Then, although we support the ecological importance of colour plasticity in this species, we refute the hypothesis of a condition-dependent signal, which is not supported by experimental data. At last, we explain that colour plasticity, and in particular hormone-mediated plasticity is compatible with genetic inheritance of colour and the evolution of alternative strategies. Indeed, the genetic background and the environment, especially the social environment, are expected to interact adaptively to modulate the expression of colour signals and alternative strategies.
Published: 2008
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45. MAP65-3 Microtubule-Associated Protein Is Essential for Nematode-Induced Giant Cell Ontogenesis inArabidopsis

Author: Marie-Cécile Caillaud, Fabien Jammes, Sophie Pagnotta, Michaël Quentin, Nicolas Marfaing, Janice de Almeida Engler, Bruno Favery, Philippe Lecomte, Pierre Gounon, Pierre Abad, Emilie Andrio, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée (CCMA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nematoda, Cell division, Microtubule-associated protein, MAP65-3, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cellular differentiation, Arabidopsis, ROOT KNOT NEMATODE, Plant Science, Biology, Giant Cells, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Multinucleate, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Microtubule, Botany, Animals, ONTOGENESIS, Mitosis, Research Articles, Cytokinesis, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Microscopy, Confocal, Arabidopsis Proteins, ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA, Cell Differentiation, Cell Biology, GIANT CELL, Cell biology, Giant cell, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The infection of plants by obligate parasitic nematodes constitutes an interesting model for investigating plant cytoskeleton functions. Root knot nematodes have evolved the ability to manipulate host functions to their own advantage by redifferentiating root cells into multinucleate and hypertrophied feeding cells. These giant cells result from repeated rounds of karyokinesis without cell division. Detailed functional analyses demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana Microtubule-Associated Protein65-3 (MAP65-3) was essential for giant cell ontogenesis and that cytokinesis was initiated but not completed in giant cells. In developing giant cells, MAP65-3 was associated with a novel kind of cell plate—the giant cell mini cell plate—that separates daughter nuclei. In the absence of functional MAP65-3, giant cells developed but failed to fully differentiate and were eventually destroyed. These defects in giant cells impaired the maturation of nematode larvae. Thus, MAP65-3 is essential for giant cell development during root knot nematode infection. Subcellular localization of MAP65-3 and analysis of microtubule organization in the dyc283 T-DNA map65-3 mutant demonstrated that MAP65-3 played a critical role in organizing the mitotic microtubule array during both early and late mitosis in all plant organs. Here, we propose a model for the role of MAP65-3 in giant cell ontogenesis.
Published: 2008
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46. Insect immune resistance to parasitoids

Author: Yves Carton, Anthony J. Nappi, Marylène Poirié, Laboratoire Evolution Génomes Spéciation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Loyola University [Chicago], Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation (LEGS), and Simonneau, Evelyne
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cell signaling, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Host response, Immune resistance, Insect, Biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, CYTOTOXIC MOLECULES, Cytotoxic molecules, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Innate immune system, Experimental model, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, fungi, PARASITOID, 3. Good health, Cell biology, 010602 entomology, Insect Science, Immunology, INNATE IMMUNITY, RESISTANCE GENES, Agronomy and Crop Science, HEMOCYTE, MELANOGENESIS
Abstract: Insect host—parasitoid interactions involve complex physiological, biochemical and genetic interactions. Against endoparasitoids, immune-competent hosts initiate a blood cell-mediated response that quickly destroys the intruders and envelops them in a multilayered melanotic capsule. During the past decade, considerable progress has been made in identifying some of the critical components of the host response, mainly because of the use of efficient molecular tools. This review examines some of the components of the innate immune response of Drosophila, an insect that has served as an exceptionally good experimental model for studying non-self recognition processes and immune cell signaling mechanisms. Topics considered in this review include hematopoiesis, proliferation and adhesion of hemocytes, melanogenesis and associated cytotoxic molecules, and the genetic aspects of the host-parasitoid interaction.
Published: 2008
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47. Root-knot nematodes manipulate plant cell functions during a compatible interaction

Author: Marie-Cécile Caillaud, Philippe Lecomte, Bruno Favery, Pierre Abad, Marie-Noëlle Rosso, Géraldine Dubreuil, Michaël Quentin, Laetitia Perfus-Barbeoch, Janice de Almeida Engler, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1064 UMR INRA / CNRS / Univ. Nice (Univ.SA) : Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Santé des plantes et environnement (S.P.E.)-UMR INRA / CNRS / Univ. Nice (Univ.SA) : Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Santé Végétale, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions plantes-microorganismes et santé végétale (IPMSV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cell division, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arabidopsis, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Host-Parasite Interactions, 03 medical and health sciences, Multinucleate, RNA interference, Botany, Plant defense against herbivory, Animals, Endoreduplication, Tylenchoidea, Arabidopsis Genomics Giant cells Meloidogyne root-knot nematode Pathogenicity factors, Plant Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Plant cell, Cell biology, Nematode, Giant cell, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes are root parasites that interact with their hosts in a remarkable way. These obligate biotrophic pathogens establish an intimate relationship with their host plants, inducing the redifferentiation of root cells into specialized feeding cells. The successful establishment of feeding cells is essential for nematode development. Root-knot nematodes, of the genus Meloidogyne, have evolved strategies enabling them to induce feeding cell formation in thousands of plant species, probably by manipulating fundamental elements of plant cell development. Feeding cells enlarge and are converted into multinucleate giant cells through synchronous nuclear divisions without cell division. Fully differentiated giant cells may contain more than a hundred polyploid nuclei that may have undergone extensive endoreduplication. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the surrounding cells lead to the formation of the typical root gall. Giant cell formation requires extensive changes to gene expression. The induction of feeding cells remains poorly understood, but it is thought that effectors secreted by the nematode play a key role in parasitism, with potential direct effects on recipient host cells. In this review, we focus on the most recent investigations of the molecular basis of the plant–root-knot nematode interaction. Recently, microarray technology has been used to study the plant response to Meloidogyne spp. infection. Such a genome-wide expression profiling provides a global view of transcriptional changes, especially for genes involved in cell wall, transport processes and plant defense responses during giant cell formation. The identification of nematode-responsive plant genes constitutes a major step toward understanding how root-knot nematodes dramatically alter root development to induce and maintain giant cells. The characterization of nematode secretions as parasitism effectors and the development of RNAi technology should improve our understanding of the molecular events and regulatory mechanisms involved in plant parasitism. Finally, Meloidogyne genome sequences should provide further insight into plant–root-knot nematode interactions.
Published: 2008
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48. Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Author: Pasqua Veronico, Emeline Deleury, Francesca De Luca, Magali Esquibet, Patrick Wincker, Thomas J. Baum, Tom R. Maier, Erika Sallet, Jonathan J. Ewbank, Edgardo Ugarte, Cyril Van Ghelder, Marie-Noëlle Rosso, Delphine Steinbach, Marie-Cécile Caillaud, Jean Weissenbach, Véronique Anthouard, Pedro M. Coutinho, Mark Blaxter, Jean-Marc Aury, Marc Robinson-Rechavi, Pierre Abad, Geert Smant, Timothé Flutre, Hadi Quesneville, Gabriel V. Markov, Paul McVeigh, Jérôme Gouzy, Philippe Castagnone-Sereno, Corinne Dasilva, Etienne Danchin, Paola Leonetti, Aaron G. Maule, Marc Magliano, Béatrice Ségurens, John T. Jones, Eric L. Davis, Laetitia Perfus-Barbeoch, Claire Jubin, Thomas Schiex, Vincent Laudet, Florence Deau, Olivier Jaillon, François Artiguenave, Eric Grenier, Tarek Hewezi, Bruno Favery, Teresa Bleve-Zacheo, T.O.G. Tytgat, Bernard Henrissat, Noureddine Hamamouch, Graziano Pesole, Jared V. Goldstone, Julie Poulain, Vivian C. Blok, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions plantes-microorganismes et santé végétale (IPMSV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Scottish Crop Research Institute, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Iowa State University (ISU), School of Biological Sciences, Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia moleculare, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, University of North Carolina System (UNC), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, School of Biolgical Sciences, Unité de Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle (ancêtre de MIAT) (UBIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 1064 UMR INRA / CNRS / Univ. Nice (Univ.SA) : Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Santé des plantes et environnement (S.P.E.)-UMR INRA / CNRS / Univ. Nice (Univ.SA) : Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Santé Végétale, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Università degli studi di Bari, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Unité de Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle (UBIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Helminth genetics, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Genome, Plant Roots, Meloidogyne incognita, ADAPTATION, genes, root-knot nematodes, Genes, Helminth, 2. Zero hunger, Expressed Sequence Tags, 0303 health sciences, biology, plant-parasitic nematode, EPS-2, Chromosome Mapping, GENOME SEQUENCE, food and beverages, DNA, Helminth, Plants, bdelloid rotifers, MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA, PARTHENOGENETIC NEMATODE, Molecular Medicine, RNA Interference, Terra incognita, Biotechnology, DNA, Complementary, Sequence analysis, Molecular Sequence Data, Biomedical Engineering, cloning, Bioengineering, phytopathogenic bacteria, 03 medical and health sciences, Botany, expression, Animals, Tylenchoidea, Gene, Laboratorium voor Nematologie, 030304 developmental biology, Plant Diseases, Whole genome sequencing, PLANT PARASITISM, Genome, Helminth, Base Sequence, Sequence Analysis, DNA, prediction, biology.organism_classification, caenorhabditis-elegans, Nematode, Evolutionary biology, identification, Laboratory of Nematology, protein, Sequence Alignment, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. This suggests that ancient allelic regions in M. incognita are evolving toward effective haploidy, permitting new mechanisms of adaptation. The number and diversity of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes in M. incognita is unprecedented in any animal for which a genome sequence is available, and may derive from multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacterial sources. Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies
Published: 2008
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49. Strategies of attack and defense in plant–oomycete interactions, accentuated for Phytophthora parasitica Dastur (syn. P. Nicotianae Breda de Haan)

Author: Harald Keller, Franck Panabières, Agnès Attard, Eric Galiana, Mathieu Gourgues, Michel Ponchet, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Phytophthora, Physiology, Context (language use), Plant Science, Plant disease resistance, SOIL-BORNE PATHOGEN, PHYTOPHTHORA PARASITICA, OOMYCETES, Botany, Phytophthora sojae, INFECTION PROCESS, Plant Diseases, Oomycete, biology, Host (biology), COEVOLUTION, fungi, food and beverages, Plants, PLANT RESPONSE, Phytophthora nicotianae, biology.organism_classification, COMPATIBILITY, Fungicides, Industrial, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Phytophthora infestans, Agronomy and Crop Science, RESISTANCE
Abstract: Oomycetes from the genus Phytophthora are fungus-like plant pathogens that are devastating for agriculture and natural ecosystems. Due to their particular physiological characteristics, no efficient treatments against diseases caused by these microorganisms are presently available. To develop such treatments, it appears essential to dissect the molecular mechanisms that determine the interaction between Phytophthora species and host plants. Available data are scarce, and genomic approaches were mainly developed for the two species, Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora sojae. However, these two species are exceptions from, rather than representative species for, the genus. P. infestans is a foliar pathogen, and P. sojae infects a narrow range of host plants, while the majority of Phytophthora species are quite unselective, root-infecting pathogens. To represent this majority, Phytophthora parasitica emerges as a model for the genus, and genomic resources for analyzing its interaction with plants are developing. The aim of this review is to assemble current knowledge on cytological and molecular processes that are underlying plant-pathogen interactions involving Phytophthora species and in particular P. parasitica, and to place them into the context of a hypothetical scheme of co-evolution between the pathogen and the host.
Published: 2008
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50. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Vacuolar Class III Peroxidase Involved in the Metabolism of Anticancer Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus

Author: Frédérique Hilliou, Patrícia Duarte, Maria Manuela Ribeiro Costa, Mark J. Leech, Mariana Sottomayor, Johan Memelink, Luis Gustavo Pereira, Iolanda Almeida, Alfonso Ros Barceló, John Innes Centre, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidade do Porto, Leiden University, and Universidad de Murcia
Subjects: Models, Molecular, 0106 biological sciences, Signal peptide, Catharanthus, Physiology, Molecular Sequence Data, Plant Science, Molecular cloning, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Alkaloids, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genetics, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Peptide sequence, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Anhydrovinblastine, Base Sequence, biology, Catharanthus roseus, Subcellular localization, biology.organism_classification, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic, 3. Good health, Amino acid, Plant Leaves, Peroxidases, chemistry, Biochemistry, Vacuoles, biology.protein, ANTICANCER, Research Article, 010606 plant biology & botany, Peroxidase
Abstract: Catharanthus roseus produces low levels of two dimeric terpenoid indole alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, which are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. The dimerization reaction leading to alpha-3',4'-anhydrovinblastine is a key regulatory step for the production of the anticancer alkaloids in planta and has potential application in the industrial production of two semisynthetic derivatives also used as anticancer drugs. In this work, we report the cloning, characterization, and subcellular localization of an enzyme with anhydrovinblastine synthase activity identified as the major class III peroxidase present in C. roseus leaves and named CrPrx1. The deduced amino acid sequence corresponds to a polypeptide of 363 amino acids including an N-terminal signal peptide showing the secretory nature of CrPrx1. CrPrx1 has a two-intron structure and is present as a single gene copy. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that CrPrx1 belongs to an evolutionary branch of vacuolar class III peroxidases whose members seem to have been recruited for different functions during evolution. Expression of a green fluorescent protein-CrPrx1 fusion confirmed the vacuolar localization of this peroxidase, the exact subcellular localization of the alkaloid monomeric precursors and dimeric products. Expression data further supports the role of CrPrx1 in alpha-3',4'-anhydrovinblastine biosynthesis, indicating the potential of CrPrx1 as a target to increase alkaloid levels in the plant.
Published: 2007
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