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La réforme du troisième cycle des études médicales (R3C) de 2017 s'est accompagnée de modifications des maquettes et du nombre de diplômes d'études spécialisées (DES). L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier l'évolution de l'attractivité du DES de médecine interne et immunologie clinique (MIIC) depuis la R3C. Nous avons utilisé le rang de classement médian et son évolution ainsi que le bilan des droits au remords entrants et sortants comme marqueurs d'attractivité. Le nombre de postes offerts au choix, les classements et affectations ont été collectés via les arrêtés publiés chaque année au Journal Officiel. Une enquête de l'Amicale des Jeunes Internistes a investigué les raisons des droits au remords sortants ou entrants. Avant 2017, la médecine interne était accessible en moyenne à 52 % des étudiants avec un rang médian de 1118 [339–2640]. À partir de 2017, le DES de MIIC était accessible en moyenne à 76,6 % des étudiants avec un rang médian de 2772 [1039–5155]. Le bilan des droits au remords entrants et sortants était de –4,7 % avant 2017 et variait entre –4,1 et –12,4 % à partir de 2017. Depuis la mise en place de la R3C, le rang médian et le rang limite des étudiants choisissant le DES de MIIC ont augmenté et le bilan des droits au remords est négatif. Une réflexion sur l'attractivité du DES de MIIC est engagée par le Collège national des enseignants de médecine interne afin de faire connaître la richesse de la spécialité et ses différents modes d'exercice aux futurs internes. The 2017 reform of the third cycle of medical studies (R3C) was accompanied by modifications in the formats and number of specialty diplomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of the choice of the internal medicine and clinical immunology specialty before and after 2017. We used the median ranking and its evolution, as well as incoming and outgoing remorse rights, as markers of attractiveness. Data on the number of position offered, rankings and affectation were collected from decrees published in the French "Journal Officiel" each year. A survey conducted by the "Amicale des Jeunes Internistes" investigated the reasons for the outgoing or incoming rights to remorse. Before 2017, internal medicine was accessible to 52% of students on average, with a median rank of 1118 [339–2640]. From 2017 onwards, the internal medicine specialty was accessible to an average of 76.6% of students, with a median rank of 2772 [1039–5155]. The balance of incoming and outgoing remorse rights was –4.7% before 2017 and varied between –4.1 and –12.4% from 2017. Since 2017, the median and cut-off ranks of students choosing internal medicine specialty have increased, and balance of incoming and outgoing remorse rights was increasingly negative. A reflection on the attractiveness of the internal medicine specialty is undertaken by the National College of Internal Medicine Teachers in order to make the richness of the specialty and its different modes of practice known to future residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La réforme du 3e cycle des études médicales de 2017 a introduit le concept d'autonomie supervisée avec la création d'un nouveau statut de docteur junior (DJ). L'objectif de ce travail était d'interroger la première promotion de DJ de médecine interne et immunologie clinique (MIIC) concernant le déroulement et la mise en place de cette dernière année d'internat. Les DJ du diplôme d'études spécialisées de MIIC étaient invités à répondre à une enquête en ligne anonyme, sollicités par mail et via les réseaux sociaux. Le questionnaire a recueilli 36 réponses sur une cinquantaine de DJ estimés. La majorité des DJ consacrait plus de 70 % de leur temps en hospitalisation conventionnelle et moins de 20 % en hospitalisation programmée. La majorité aurait aimé faire davantage de consultation et d'avis. Le temps de travail hebdomadaire n'était pas respecté pour la majorité des DJ. Les temps de formation académiques et personnels n'étaient pas respectés pour 77,8 % d'entre eux. Au total, 75 % étaient satisfaits de l'autonomisation et 88,6 % estimaient que la transition avec le post-internat serait plus aisée grâce à la phase de consolidation. Un tiers rapportait que leur stage avait confirmé leur appréhension à exercer en tant qu'interniste voire que celle-ci pouvait remettre en question leur exercice futur. Cette enquête est un premier état des lieux concernant la mise en place de l'année de DJ dans le DES de MIIC. Un travail collectif autour de cette dernière année d'internat semble être indispensable pour garantir l'épanouissement personnel et professionnel des jeunes internistes. The 2017 reform of the 3rd cycle of medical studies introduced the concept of supervised autonomy with the creation of a new junior doctor (JD) status. The aim of this work was to interview the first class of JDs in internal medicine and clinical immunology (IMCI) regarding the progress and implementation of this final year of internship. The IMCI JDs were invited to complete an anonymous online survey, contacted by email and social networks. The questionnaire received 36 responses out of an estimated fifty JDs. The majority of JDs spent more than 70% of their time on conventional hospitalisation and less than 20% on scheduled hospitalisation. Most of them would have preferred to do more consultations and provide expert counsels. Weekly working hours were not respected for the majority of JDs. Personal education and academic formation were not respected for 77.8% of JDs. Overall, 75% were satisfied with their empowerment and 88.6% felt that the transition to post residency would be easier with the consolidation phase. A third reported that their residency had confirmed their apprehension about practising as an internist, and even that this apprehension might call into question their future practice. This survey is an initial assessment of the implementation of the JD year in the IMCI residency. A collective effort around this last year of internship seems to be essential to ensure the personal and professional development of young internists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies suggest the relevance of healthcare simulation to prepare future doctors to deliver bad news. A such, we designed a role-play workshop to train first-year residents enrolled in Lille University School of Medicine to break bad news. The objective of this work is to report on our experience of this training and to assess its educational value through its capacity to satisfy residents' expectations, to induce a feeling of ease towards bad news disclosure, and to change trainees' preconceptions regarding these situations. The training consisted of a 45-minute heuristic reflective activity, aimed at identifying residents' preconceptions regarding bad news disclosure, followed by 4 30-min role-plays in which they played the parts of the physician, the patient and/or their relatives. Trainees were asked to answer 2 questionnaires (pre- and post-training), exploring previous experiences, preconceived ideas regarding bad news disclosure and workshop satisfaction. Almost all residents felt very satisfied with the workshop, which they regarded as formative (91%) and not too stressful (89%). The majority felt "more capable" (53% vs. 83%) and "more comfortable" (27% vs. 62%) to deliver bad news, especially regarding "finding the right words" (12% vs. 22%). Trainees tended to overestimate their skills before the workshop and lowered their assessment of their performance after attending the training, especially when they played the role of a patient in the simulation. Healthcare role-play seems an interesting technique for training to breaking bad news. Placing residents in the role of patients or relatives is an active approach that encourages reflexivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal for Sociology of Education & Socialization / Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung & Sozialisation is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La Société française des jeunes radiothérapeutes oncologues (SFjRO), le Syndicat national des radiothérapeutes oncologues (SNRO) et la Société française de radiothérapie oncologique (SFRO), s'investissent pour concilier opportunités de carrière et besoins démographiques oncologiques. En 2021, le Conseil national de l'ordre des médecins (CNOM) recensait 932 oncologues radiothérapeutes en activité régulière en France, soit une augmentation de plus de 20 % en dix ans. La répartition de ces effectifs évolue entre hôpitaux publics, centres libéraux et établissement de santé privé d'intérêt collectif (ESPIC) dont les centres de lutte contre le cancer (CLCC). Actuellement un tiers des oncologues radiothérapeutes exerce dans chacun de ces secteurs. À noter que 15 % des oncologues radiothérapeutes ont une activité mixte (publique et libérale). En 2021, la SFjRO a soumis un questionnaire ciblant 180 oncologues radiothérapeutes en formation en France. Il portait notamment sur l'accès aux stages de radiothérapie, la perception de l'encadrement lors de la formation, mais aussi sur les orientations professionnelles envisagées. La SFjRO, conjointement avec le SNRO et la SFRO a organisé au cours du congrès national de 2021, une session « Choix de carrière » afin de restituer les résultats de ce questionnaire. Plus de 70 % des oncologues radiothérapeutes en formation interrogés ont répondu au sondage. L'installation professionnelle était jugée difficile pour 55 % d'entre eux. Afin de répondre aux questions des oncologues radiothérapeutes en formation et permettre une discussion sur les carrières en radiothérapie, lors de cette session, trois oncologues radiothérapeutes seniors ont présenté leurs activités : en centre hospitalier public, en centre libéral ou avec une activité mixte. L'objectif de cet article est de rapporter les échanges lors du 32e Congrès de la SFRO, en reprenant les résultats du questionnaire soumis aux oncologues radiothérapeutes en formation et en synthétisant les principaux avantages et inconvénients de chaque mode d'exercice. The French Society of Young Radiation Oncologists (SFjRO), the National Union of Radiation Oncologists (SNRO) and the French Society of Oncological Radiotherapy (SFRO) aim to reconcile career opportunities and demographic needs in oncology. In 2021, 932 radiation oncologists (RO) are in regular activity in France, this represents an increase of more than 20% in ten years. Physician distribution is changing in public hospitals, cancer centers and private clinics. Currently one third of ROs works in each sector. In addition, fifteen percent of ROs have a mixed activity. In 2021, 180 young RO (trainees and residents) were questioned by SFjRO board about their training, internship, coaching and career guidance. An interactive communication was organized during the 32nd SFRO Meeting in 2021. It was an opportunity to bring the results of this study. More than 70% RO interviewed answered to the survey, for 55% among them, career choice was difficult. In order to help young ROs in their professional approach, three RO made an oral presentation during this session, about radiotherapy in public hospitals, private centers or with a mixed practice. The aim of this article is to summarize the highlights of the last SFjRO/SFRO session: expectations of young RO, career prospects and trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les études médicales ont connu dernièrement de nombreuses réformes. Ces changements se sont traduits par une modification dans la manière d'évaluer les étudiants. L'objectif de ce travail était de faire un état des lieux de l'évaluation des internes en rhumatologie en France depuis la réforme du 3e cycle. Un questionnaire a été envoyé à tous les CHU (centre hospitalo-universitaire) à l'attention des enseignants et des internes de rhumatologie pour évaluer l'organisation de la formation et des évaluations dans les différentes phases de formation. Les différents outils d'évaluations publiés et validés étaient assez peu connus ou utilisés par les enseignants. Leur utilisation variait en fonction de la phase de formation des internes et des centres, l'entretien avec le coordinateur étant la méthode la plus utilisée. La validation finale du DES (diplôme des enseignements supérieurs) était également hétérogène comprenant selon les centres des présentations orales, écrites ou de mémoires. Seul 1/3 des centres valident la formation en densitométrie contre 86 % pour la formation d'échographie. Un tiers des enseignants considère comme inutile l'évaluation formalisée des internes et 57 % étaient pour une harmonisation des modalités d'évaluation du DES. Enfin, 88 % des internes étaient favorables à une évaluation et 94 % considéraient qu'elle devait être formative et non sanctionnante. Malgré la réforme du 3e cycle, il persiste une hétérogénéité importante dans l'évaluation des internes avec des outils disponibles peu connus ou utilisés. Cependant, la majorité des internes sont pour une évaluation formalisée sur une dimension plutôt formative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The 2017 reform of the third cycle of medical studies (R3C) was accompanied by modifications in the formats and number of specialty diplomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of the choice of the internal medicine and clinical immunology specialty before and after 2017., Methods: We used the median ranking and its evolution, as well as incoming and outgoing remorse rights, as markers of attractiveness. Data on the number of position offered, rankings and affectation were collected from decrees published in the French "Journal Officiel" each year. A survey conducted by the "Amicale des Jeunes Internistes" investigated the reasons for the outgoing or incoming rights to remorse., Results: Before 2017, internal medicine was accessible to 52% of students on average, with a median rank of 1118 [339-2640]. From 2017 onwards, the internal medicine specialty was accessible to an average of 76.6% of students, with a median rank of 2772 [1039-5155]. The balance of incoming and outgoing remorse rights was -4.7% before 2017 and varied between -4.1 and -12.4% from 2017., Conclusion: Since 2017, the median and cut-off ranks of students choosing internal medicine specialty have increased, and balance of incoming and outgoing remorse rights was increasingly negative. A reflection on the attractiveness of the internal medicine specialty is undertaken by the National College of Internal Medicine Teachers in order to make the richness of the specialty and its different modes of practice known to future residents., (Copyright © 2024 Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Historia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We aimed to evaluate the impact of an immersive simulation session on the experience of the beginning of residency. The interventional group consisted of newly recruited residents in 2019, who participated in the workshop presenting four emergency scenarios frequently encountered during night shifts; the control group comprised residents who had begun their internship in 2018, without having participated in the simulation workshop. The level of psychological stress and self-confidence were self-estimated in the simulation group before and immediately after the workshop. During the second semester of residency, stress, self-efficacy and anxiety were evaluated in both groups with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. In the second semester 2020, the PSS, GSES and GAD-7 were 20.71 ± 8.15 and 22.44 ± 5.68 (P = 0.40); 26.88 ± 6.30 and 27.11 ± 3.95 (P = 0.87); 6.94 ± 5.25 and 8.89 ± 4.78 (P = 0.22) for the simulation (n = 17, 89.5% of participation) and control (n = 9, 75%) groups, respectively. In the simulation group, the level of self-confidence had significantly improved from 1.82 ± 0.95 before the session to 2.29 ± 1.16 after the session (P = 0.05). Interestingly, this improvement in self-confidence was significantly correlated with GAD-7 (P = 0.014) and PSS (P = 0.05), and tended to be correlated with GSES (P = 0.09). Our study showed a significant improvement in self-confidence between before and after the simulation session. Residents who experienced an improvement in self-confidence saw their stress and anxiety levels decrease during the second semester reevaluation, in favor of a prolonged benefit from the session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'internat en pharmacie est une formation spécialisée de troisième cycle, à la fois universitaire et hospitalière, accessible par concours. Dispensée en quatre ou cinq années, elle conduit à l'obtention d'un diplôme d'études spécialisées, notamment de biologie médicale et de pharmacie hospitalière. The internship in pharmacy is a specialized postgraduate training program, both university and hospital-based, accessible by competitive examination. It lasts four or five years and leads to a diploma of specialized studies, particularly in medical biology and hospital pharmacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En 2017, la réforme du 3e cycle des études médicales a posé les bases de 3 nouvelles phases dans la formation des médecins : « socle », « approfondissement » et « mise en responsabilité ». Cette dernière a été particulièrement discutée puisqu'elle semble très proche du statut d'assistant spécialiste. La néphrologie, qui a toujours été une discipline très attractive, s'est vue maintenir sa maquette à 4 ans de formation lorsque de nombreuses autres spécialités ont vu une augmentation de leur durée initiale. Une mobilisation générale de la spécialité a amené à s'interroger sur les différents aspects de cette maquette. À travers 3 questionnaires menés conjointement entre les associations représentatives des jeunes néphrologues et des néphrologues titulaires, nous avons interrogé les principaux concernés afin de connaître leurs souhaits actuels et ce qu'ils connaissaient de la réforme. Ces résultats originaux montrent un fort mécontentement de l'ensemble de la profession, quelle que soit la génération interrogée, mais aussi une volonté globale de modification de la formation. Une majorité de la communauté néphrologique s'accorde sur la nécessité de l'extension de la maquette à 5 années ; les plus jeunes sont également demandeurs de davantage de souplesse dans la formation via la création d'options et de formations spécialisées transversales. Dans tous les cas, les associations représentatives des néphrologues doivent agir conjointement afin de porter leur voix et de diffuser l'information sur cette réforme. 2017 was the year during which France has seen the amendment of the 3rd cycle of medical education. Three new steps have been uploaded: "basement", "in depth", and "liability". The latter has been particularly discussed as it is really close to the former post-graduate state. Nephrology has always been a very attractive discipline. While most others have been increased in terms of length in initial medical education, nephrology has been assigned to 4 years. Altogether, nephrologists whatever their generation have led a series of questionnaires we report here. From 3 of them, we had new data providing insights regarding both their feeling and knowledge about this amendment. Globally, they dissatisfy whatever the considered generation and they propose different modifications. The upcoming generation especially wants more options and tailored initial formation when older nephrologists are more prone to require one additional year for all. Whatever is chosen by state institutions, representative associations such as SNIN, CJN, and CUEN should act together as spokeperson to disseminate both nephrologists' wishes and information about what is coming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health disorders are one of the most frequent in old age. Symptoms and care have specificities that justify the creation of adapted projects on organization and delivery of care, as well as specific training for clinicians. Until 2017, there was no formal training in France to become an old age psychiatrist, nor a precise definition of its field of action. The reform of the third cycle of medical studies has enabled such progress. In this article, we discuss the rationale for creating a sub-specialty in old age psychiatry, the theoretical and practical implementation of this new educational path, and the new challenges we face. Old age psychiatry is now officially recognized, but there are still many obstacles to overcome to ensure its outreach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The 2017 reform of the 3rd cycle of medical studies introduced the concept of supervised autonomy with the creation of a new junior doctor (JD) status. The aim of this work was to interview the first class of JDs in internal medicine and clinical immunology (IMCI) regarding the progress and implementation of this final year of internship., Methods: The IMCI JDs were invited to complete an anonymous online survey, contacted by email and social networks., Results: The questionnaire received 36 responses out of an estimated fifty JDs. The majority of JDs spent more than 70% of their time on conventional hospitalisation and less than 20% on scheduled hospitalisation. Most of them would have preferred to do more consultations and provide expert counsels. Weekly working hours were not respected for the majority of JDs. Personal education and academic formation were not respected for 77.8% of JDs. Overall, 75% were satisfied with their empowerment and 88.6% felt that the transition to post residency would be easier with the consolidation phase. A third reported that their residency had confirmed their apprehension about practising as an internist, and even that this apprehension might call into question their future practice., Conclusion: This survey is an initial assessment of the implementation of the JD year in the IMCI residency. A collective effort around this last year of internship seems to be essential to ensure the personal and professional development of young internists., (Copyright © 2023 Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé C'est durant leurs études que les étudiants en pharmacie apprennent les bases de leur futur métier. Officine, internat, industrie, recherche, le champ des possibles est vaste et permet d'explorer de nombreuses voies, qu'elles soient au contact du patient ou dédiées à la préparation de ses médicaments et à la surveillance du traitement. Summary It is during their studies that pharmacy students learn the basics of their future profession. Community, residency, industry, research, the field of possibilities is vast and enables numerous pathways to be explored, whether they are in contact with patients or concerned with the preparation of their medicines and the monitoring of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Becoming a hospital pharmacist in Europe is nowadays patchy and differs from nation to nation. In Italy, an educational post-graduate program called "School of Hospital Pharmacy" (SHP) is mandatory to work in the National Health System (NHS). SHP was recently renovated and harmonized but considerable differences remain along the nation. We performed a cross-sectional study asking, through a specific questionnaire, the Italian SHP students to indicate the reasons on which lays this lack of homogeneity. We found out that a good relationship with tutors was significantly correlated with the degree of students' autonomy. Higher adherence to study plan can be predicted by year of study, localization of SHP in Northern Italy, and allocation of an academic salary and a good relationship with tutor. Academic salary and year of study also predicted the number of scientific paper published by students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the use of simulation among French Obstetrics and Gynecology residency programs., Methods: A survey was conducted with all 28 French residency program directors. The questionnaire covered equipment and human resources, training programs, types of simulation tools and time spent., Results: Of the cities hosting a residency program, 93% (26/28) responded regarding equipment and human resources, and 75% (21/28) responded regarding training program details. All respondents declared having at least one structure dedicated to simulation. A formal training program was reported by 81% (21/26) of cities. This training program was mandatory in 73% of the cases. There was a median number of seven senior trainers involved, three of whom had received a specific training in medical education. Most of declared simulation activities concerned technical skills in obstetrics and surgery. Simulations to practice breaking bad news were offered by 62% (13/21) of cities. The median number of half-days spent annually on simulation training was 55 (IQR: 38-83)., Conclusion: Simulation training is now widely available among French residency programs. There remains heterogeneity between centers regarding equipment, time spent and content of simulation curricula. The French College of Teachers of Gynecology and Obstetrics has proposed a roadmap for the content of simulation-based training based on the results of this survey. An inventory of all existing "train the trainers" simulation programs in France is also provided., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and purpose: During the SASPAS (6-month general-practice internship in autonomy) internship, residents conduct medical consultations on their own. Their supervisor regularly offers feedback though indirect-supervision (IS) sessions. The aim of the study was to explore SASPAS residents' experience of IS in order to bring out their viewpoints about the features of an ideal IS session. Methods: A qualitative study through semi-structured personal interviews was carried out among residents in Aquitaine (France). A thematic analysis on content was led using an inductive approach. Results: Twelve interviews were carried out between January and March 2017. Residents describe ideal IS sessions as educational time focused on residents and their practice in a context of empathy and "peer" learning. The sessions require a dedicated time and space. The supervisor, a primary care expert, gives the feedback. Feedback momentum goes from validation to pointed comments in the form of room for improvement. The issue is the development of reflexivity, skills and sense of personal effectiveness. Conclusion: Ideal IS sessions constitute a formative supervision, focused on residents in training. Further thoughts on this educational tool may lead to improvement in supervision practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutional care has proven to be detrimental for child development. This study examined the status of the State Program on Deinstitutionalization and Alternative Care (SPDAC), a public policy aimed at transforming 55 institutions covering 14,500 children during 2006–2016 in Azerbaijan. The success of this public policy was crucial for the country's entire child welfare system. The study used a crosssectional, descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative method. Data were collected through in-depth, semistructured interviews and archival resources. Twenty key informants were selected through a purposive sampling strategy. They led projects or were heads of departments related to implementing the SPDAC at government agencies, national or international nongovernmental organizations, UNICEF, or as social workers in newly established alternative services. Interviews were analyzed in TAMSAnalyzer. Themes supporting possible explanations such as lack of political will, weak child protection systems, weak civil society, illequipped human resources, absence of alternative services, and low levels of knowledge of children's rights emerged in the analysis. The findings could contribute to research on child welfare reform and reflect hidden factors behind policies to guide practice in former Soviet Union states and countries rich in natural resources such oil, gas, and minerals. The primary finding of a lack of political will raises the question of how to create political will and how to motivate government officials to invest in the welfare of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Le médecin généraliste est souvent amené à soigner des patients atteints de troubles psychiatriques. Peu de données existent sur la formation des internes de médecine générale (IMG) dans ce domaine. Cette étude cherche à évaluer les formations théorique et pratique à la psychiatrie au cours de l’internat de médecine générale en France. Un questionnaire a été diffusé aux représentants locaux des IMG des 35 départements de médecine générale (DMG). Les participants étaient sondés sur : l’existence d’une formation théorique à la psychiatrie, son volume horaire, le contenu et les modalités d’enseignement et l’existence de stages en psychiatrie, leur nombre et leur type. Un enseignement théorique est proposé dans 29 DMG (83 %). Son volume horaire moyen est de 10,6 heures sur les trois années d’internat. Les thématiques les plus abordées sont : addiction et dépendance (77 % des 35 DMG), souffrance psychique (49 %), trouble dépressif caractérisé et troubles anxieux (46 %). Les médecins généralistes enseignants sont les intervenants principaux (80 %). La totalité des DMG propose au moins un stage de psychiatrie, surtout en milieu intra-hospitalier (94 %). La formation à la psychiatrie des IMG, hétérogène, gagnerait à être modernisée en proposant de nouveaux outils pédagogiques, des enseignements par des spécialistes psychiatres et davantage de stages ambulatoires. Introduction One in four people around the world will suffer from mental health problems at some point in their lives, according to the World Health Organization. Individuals with psychiatric disorders suffer from isolation, stigmatisation and are facing difficult access to health care. General practitioners are often the first medical professionals involved in the care of patients suffering from psychiatric disorders. It seems essential that family medicine residents receive specialized training in mental health and psychiatry. However there is a lack of study describing the psychiatric training of future family practitioners during their residency. In France, there are 35 family medicine university departments within national boundaries, including overseas territories. Those family medicine departments are in charge of organizing the training during family medicine residency. Objectives Our objective was to assess the psychiatric training during family medicine residency in France, considering both the theoretical instruction and clinical practice. Materials and methods A transversal descriptive survey was carried out through an online questionnaire submitted to the 35 local family medicine residency representatives in France. They were questioned about: the existence of psychiatric courses during family medicine residency, and where applicable, the hourly amount of those courses, their mandatory nature, their content and the teaching methods and the existence of internships in psychiatric services offered to family medicine residents, and where applicable, their number and type. Results A psychiatric training is proposed by 29 departments (83%). The mean hourly amount is 10.6 hours ± 8.7 (minimum of two hours, maximum of 30 hours) over the three-year residency concerning those 29 departments. The following topics are the most frequently addressed: addiction (77% of 35 departments), psychological distress (49%), depressive and anxiety disorders (46%). Family practitioners mainly are assigned to the teaching task (80%). With regards to clinical practice, all the departments offer at least one internship in psychiatry. Those internships take place mostly in teaching hospitals (94%). Family medicine residents take part in psychiatric care in 83% of cases. Nevertheless, they contribute in 77% of cases involving somatic care only. Conclusions Psychiatric training during family medicine residency in France is inhomogeneous throughout the country. New pedagogic tools, more specialized teachers and more ambulatory care settings would improve this training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neste artigo, procuramos detectar os efeitos da institucionalização na produção de subjetividade num estabelecimento escolar totalitário. O campo de pesquisa é o romance "O Ateneu", de Raul Pompéia, analisado a partir da teoria de Goffman (1961/1987), relativa às instituições totais. Procuramos descrever a carreira moral que o personagem Sérgio desenvolve ao ingressar no internato, mapeando as vicissitudes pelas quais passa no contexto institucional: período de adaptação, crises evolutivas, iniciação sexual, problemas de rivalidade fraterna etc. Os estabelecimentos totais parecem se organizar de maneira característica e funcionar de modo autônomo. Somente poderemos compreender os problemas sociais e os efeitos na subjetividade produzidos pelas instituições totais, por meio do estudo das relações de poder subjacentes a esses estabelecimentos. O lapso de tempo no qual o indivíduo vive como internado pode deixar marcas profundas na sua subjetividade e se configura como um tema de estudo apropriado em si mesmo.

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The French Society of Young Radiation Oncologists (SFjRO), the National Union of Radiation Oncologists (SNRO) and the French Society of Oncological Radiotherapy (SFRO) aim to reconcile career opportunities and demographic needs in oncology. In 2021, 932 radiation oncologists (RO) are in regular activity in France, this represents an increase of more than 20% in ten years. Physician distribution is changing in public hospitals, cancer centers and private clinics. Currently one third of ROs works in each sector. In addition, fifteen percent of ROs have a mixed activity. In 2021, 180 young RO (trainees and residents) were questioned by SFjRO board about their training, internship, coaching and career guidance. An interactive communication was organized during the 32nd SFRO Meeting in 2021. It was an opportunity to bring the results of this study. More than 70% RO interviewed answered to the survey, for 55% among them, career choice was difficult. In order to help young ROs in their professional approach, three RO made an oral presentation during this session, about radiotherapy in public hospitals, private centers or with a mixed practice. The aim of this article is to summarize the highlights of the last SFjRO/SFRO session: expectations of young RO, career prospects and trends., (Copyright © 2022 Société française de radiothérapie oncologique (SFRO). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Résumé Propos Le troisième cycle des études médicales (TCEM) constitue la base de la formation spécialisée des médecins en France. L’objectif a été d’évaluer les pratiques d’enseignement théorique au cours du troisième cycle des études médicales en : 1) recueillant des données auprès des internes en médecine dans les différentes facultés de France ; 2) comparant ces données aux pratiques opposables quand cela était possible ; 3) et en proposant des mesures d’amélioration. Méthodes Une enquête sur les pratiques d’enseignement théorique en TCEM a été réalisée par auto-questionnaire, libre et anonyme, administré par voie électronique du 3 juillet au 31 octobre 2013 à l’ensemble des étudiants en TCEM de France. Résultats Les enseignements nationaux, inter-régionaux, régionaux et sur le terrain de stage n’existent pas dans respectivement 50,5 %, 42,8 %, 26,0 % et 30,2 % des cas. Les internes ont recours à des formations complémentaires en raison d’une formation de DES et/ou DESC 2 jugée insuffisante (43,7 %) ou dans le cadre d’un projet professionnel (54,9 %). Les thématiques transversales à développer étaient le développement de carrière (58,9 %), la gestion d’un cabinet ou d’un service (50,7 %), l’anglais médical (50,4 %) et l’organisation de leur spécialité (49,9 %). Ils souhaiteraient pour 54,1 % d’entre eux être évalués annuellement sur le plan théorique. Conclusion Il s’agit de la première évaluation nationale du TCEM en France sur le versant de l’enseignement théorique. Complétée par le versant pratique, elle pourrait permettre de proposer une réforme du TCEM capable d’accroître l’efficience de la formation, sans allongement de sa durée. Objectives In France, medical students regularly complain about the shortcomings of their theoretical training and the necessity of its adaptation to better fit the needs of students. The goal was to evaluate the theoretical teaching practices in postgraduate medical studies by: 1) collecting data from medical students in different medical faculties in France; 2) comparing this data with expected practices when it is possible; 3) and proposing several lines of improvement. Methods A survey of theoretical practices in the 3rd cycle of medical studies was conducted by self-administered questionnaires which were free of charge, anonymous, and administered electronically from July 3 to October 31, 2013 to all medical students in France. Results National, inter-regional, regional and field internship educational content was absent in respectively 50.5%, 42.8%, 26.0% and 30.2% of cases. Medical students follow complementary training due to insufficient DES and/or DESC 2 training in 43.7% of cases or as part of a professional project in 54.9% of cases. The knowledge sought by medical students concerns the following crosscutting topics: career development (58.9%), practice management (50.7%), medical English (50.4%) and their specialty organization (49.9%). Fifty-four point one percent would like to be evaluated on their theoretical training on an annual basis. Conclusion The results of this first national survey give insights into the theoretical teaching conditions in postgraduate medical education in France and the aspirations of medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Napredak is the property of Croatian Pedagogical-Literary Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)