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Although the liability of foreignness has been shown to present real economic barriers for foreign firms in various contexts around the globe, scholars continue to debate what drives this liability in different market contexts: lack of information due to institutional distance, lack of social embeddedness, discrimination, or something else. In this study, we propose a new theory, that in corporate lobbying within the nonmarket strategy context, the liability of foreignness is driven in no small part by a values-based ideological conflict stemming from the divide between democracy and autocracy. Private-sector firms from autocratic countries face costs of illegitimacy in Washington, D.C., and professional corporate lobbyists charge such firms a fee premium, in effect, to pay for legitimacy. We conduct an empirical study of the lobbying fees charged by professional corporate lobbyists in Washington, D.C., to their domestic and foreign firm clients, and the results strongly support the predictions of our theory. We also show that the liability of foreignness in this context endures for foreign firms from autocratic countries over the 15-year length of our sample period. Offering a new theoretical perspective as well as new empirical findings regarding the liability of foreignness, our study has practical implications for managers of foreign firms and may also generalize to other market contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discussion of the economic theory of the multinational enterprise (MNE) in Pitelis and Piteli (2024) illuminates how different strands of thought have been developed and built upon one another. In this commentary, I focus on two aspects that remain in the shadows in Pitelis and Piteli (2024): the nature of the "international" dimension in the theory of the MNE and the social embeddedness of the MNE. More attention to these two interrelated aspects is necessary for developing a satisfactory theory of the MNE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a globalized world, the labor markets of different countries are increasingly interconnected, and their study can provide a broader perspective on the current trends and challenges of the world economy. This comparative study aims to analyze and compare the labor markets of Romania and Spain, two countries with different economies and cultures, but facing similar labor market problems. The results of this study could be useful for researchers, politicians and managers in the field of employment and could contribute to the development of more effective public policies adapted to the needs of the labor market in the two countries.

In the article, we present a methodological approach to evaluating international logistics management in the context of ensuring financial security through the development of an appropriate model for assessing indicators and risks that influence it. The research focuses on enterprises in the recreational sector. Structural-logical analysis methods were applied for modelling and graphical methods for their visualization. The fundamental method was the technique of evaluation using fuzzy sets. In this context, the MATLAB system served as the basis for more effective modelling. The article demonstrates that the evaluation of international management begins with the analysis of key performance indicators and risks. As a result of the research, a methodological approach to evaluating the effectiveness of international logistics management in the recreational sphere was formed. The main goal of such management is efficient planning and execution of logistics operations, which ensure continuity and high quality of recreational services at an international level, cost optimization, and increased customer satisfaction. However, to achieve this, it is necessary to properly assess risks and key indicators in the context of ensuring an adequate level of financial security. The proposed approach to evaluation focuses on identifying logistics risks, providing a comprehensive understanding of the problems and opportunities in the context of enhancing financial security. Looking ahead, it is necessary to more closely consider the possibility of practical application for specifically selected enterprises in the recreational sphere and to evaluate not only risks but also threats to financial security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a globalized world, the labor markets of different countries are increasingly interconnected, and their study can provide a broader perspective on the current trends and challenges of the world economy. This comparative study aims to analyze and compare the labor markets of Romania and Spain, two countries with different economies and cultures, but facing similar labor market problems. The results of this study could be useful for researchers, politicians and managers in the field of employment and could contribute to the development of more effective public policies adapted to the needs of the labor market in the two countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, we present a methodological approach to evaluating international logistics management in the context of ensuring financial security through the development of an appropriate model for assessing indicators and risks that influence it. The research focuses on enterprises in the recreational sector. Structural-logical analysis methods were applied for modelling and graphical methods for their visualization. The fundamental method was the technique of evaluation using fuzzy sets. In this context, the MATLAB system served as the basis for more effective modelling. The article demonstrates that the evaluation of international management begins with the analysis of key performance indicators and risks. As a result of the research, a methodological approach to evaluating the effectiveness of international logistics management in the recreational sphere was formed. The main goal of such management is efficient planning and execution of logistics operations, which ensure continuity and high quality of recreational services at an international level, cost optimization, and increased customer satisfaction. However, to achieve this, it is necessary to properly assess risks and key indicators in the context of ensuring an adequate level of financial security. The proposed approach to evaluation focuses on identifying logistics risks, providing a comprehensive understanding of the problems and opportunities in the context of enhancing financial security. Looking ahead, it is necessary to more closely consider the possibility of practical application for specifically selected enterprises in the recreational sphere and to evaluate not only risks but also threats to financial security.

Effective foreign economic activity contributes to the reproduction of the country's export potential, increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian products of the woodworking sector on world markets, forming a rational structure of export and import, attracting foreign investments on mutually beneficial terms, ensuring the economic security of Ukraine. The article examines the peculiarities of the realization of the export potential of Ukraine on the world market of furniture and wood products. An analytical assessment of the current state and competitiveness of Ukrainian woodworking products on foreign markets was carried out. On the basis of statistical analysis, the trends of Ukraine's export potential in the wood industry were revealed. An analysis of the international wood market and export prospects for Ukraine was performed. Strategic directions for improving the efficiency of Ukrainian wood exports have been determined. The need for the formation of proper infrastructural support for the management of the foreign economic activities of woodworking industry enterprises based on the creation of a cluster structure as a form of cooperation between authorities, institutions of critical infrastructure (transport, logistics, innovation, information, industry, etc.), institutions and organizations of the business, scientific and educational environment is substantiated. The practical significance of the obtained research results is that substantiated scientific and methodological provisions and recommendations can be used in the development of export strategies and mechanisms for their implementation by enterprises and various categories of stakeholders – participants in foreign economic activity, which would correspond to the modern conditions of their management, as well as in the finalization of the Strategy recovery and resilience of the national economy.

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In this research, global teams, which are becoming increasingly important in the globalizing world, and the problems encountered by these teams have been examined. Global teams facilitate learning, creative idea generation and the development of cultural competencies. In this respect, finding solutions to the problems experienced in global teams is of key importance as it will increase team performance. In this respect, the aim of this research is to discover the problems experienced in global teams through the experiences of team members. In this study, interviews were conducted with global team members using the qualitative research design narrative inquiry. The problems encountered while working in global teams were analyzed and discussed through stories. The use of narrative inquiry, which is rarely used in the management literature, differentiates this research from prior studies on global teams. As a result, it has been found that, different languages and national cultures of team members generally lead to communication difficulties. In addition, it has been found that time differences and geographical distance prevent the feeling of team spirit. Furthermore, the differences in work disciplines and processes in different countries are also found to be important factors leading to conflicts. The solutions proposed by the participants against these problems were discussed by comparing them with the previous studies in the literature. As solutions for the identified problems, participants emphasized the importance of increasing face-to-face meetings, in-company events and meetings, more trainings on company culture and conflict management. In this regard, the authors underlined the importance of increasing face-to-face meetings and social activities, cultivating indulgence and open-mindedness in order to reduce problems in global teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past decades have seen increased integration of South Asia into the global economy, yet the study on management practices in this region is behind its expansion of business. This study explores the impact of tribalism and collectivism on ethically questionable negotiation strategies in two of the most important emerging economies in South Asia – India and Pakistan. The empirical results show that participants from Pakistan consider ethically questionable negotiation strategies to be more appropriate than those from India due to high tribalism in Pakistan. In addition, this study further shows that collectivism is significantly related to the perceived appropriateness of ethically questionable negotiation strategies in Pakistan but not in India. Implications and future research for contextualizing international business research and human management practices in South Asia are then discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although international business (IB) and international management (IM) research focusing on the African context has risen steadily in recent years, understanding of the genesis and evolution of this burgeoning corpus of literature is still limited. To address this gap, we quantify and evaluate 2 decades of Africa-focused research published in leading IB and IM journals by mapping publishing trends; offering insights into sample characteristics; and highlighting prominent theories, research design, and significant data analysis techniques employed in Africa-focused publications. We augment the insights gleaned from this systematic endeavor with a bibliometric analysis, which includes analyzing citation records, authorship patterns, and the underlying conceptual and intellectual evolution of this literature. The findings indicate that Africa-focused IB and IM research from 2002 to 2021 has coalesced around four major thematic clusters: (1) economic structures, institutional practices, and corporate social responsibility; (2) the Ubuntu philosophy and management strategies; (3) entrepreneurship; and (4) corporate governance. Building on these foundational themes, we propose distinct research directions for future researchers interested in studying the African context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the most frequently studied, adapted and management concepts and tools adopted belong to the US management. and Japan, so the U.S. became the current world leader again Japan is quite developed. The reason lies in the fact that companies in Japan and the United States are characterized by the highest competitiveness. Next, we will try a review of a general characteristics of Japanese and American management and culture, including similarities and the differences between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International diversification is predominantly assumed to have a mixed (either positive or negative) linear relationship with environmental performance in multinational enterprises (MNEs). Departing from this assumption, we use firm-specific advantages (FSA) and institutional theory to hypothesise that international diversification, due to recombination barriers, has a curvilinear U-shaped relationship with MNEs' environmental performance. Because of their key roles as boosters of country-specific advantages (CSA), we also examine whether home country competitiveness and environmental levels moderate the proposed curvilinear relationship. Results from panel data of 298 MNEs between 2006 and 2017 from 21 different countries in 11 sectors provide support for the main curvilinear relationship and the moderating influence of home country competitiveness. Our study contributes to the international business literature by casting doubt on the widely held assumption that international diversification always carries either positive or negative effects on environmental records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International Management is a vast and multidisciplinary research domain that is heavily influenced by several other disciplines, such as Economics, Organizational Theory and Strategic Management. Based on 28,973 research articles, this study aims to analyze the knowledge structure of the international management domain from 1920 to 2019. Using computational text-based topic modeling analysis, we trace the evolution of international management knowledge by examining the major academic topics/latent themes discussed in the field. The study also diachronically visualizes the variations in topic prevalence over time. Our methodology is akin to "inductive mapping" as it is neither biased by our position nor it is guided by assumptions related to the topics we expect to find. Results indicate the existence of a wide variety of important research foci in the domain of international management. These include, among others, strategic alliances formation, international entry modes, corporate social responsibility, cross-cultural consumer behavior, technological innovation and entrepreneurship. Results also show that some topics such as "financial risk and return on investment" and "corporate social responsibility" show a declining time trend, indicating that academic research focusing on such topics was more likely to be published early on and less so recently. On the other hand, other topics such as "Emerging (East) Asian nations" and "global mergers and acquisitions" show an increasing trend, indicating that more papers were published recently. Taken together, although our findings might reflect the breadth and depth of research in international management, they might also suggest that the bounds of this field are not well defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the most frequently studied, adapted and management concepts and tools adopted belong to the US management. and Japan, so the U.S. became the current world leader again Japan is quite developed. The reason lies in the fact that companies in Japan and the United States are characterized by the highest competitiveness. Next, we will try a review of a general characteristics of Japanese and American management and culture, including similarities and the differences between them.

This study examines the importance of social perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and irresponsibility (CSI). Drawing from social psychology literature on stereotypes, we argue that two fundamental dimensions of social perception—warmth and competence—help explain the underlying processes and conditions under which CSR leads to specific outcomes. We propose that firms engaging in CSR are perceived as higher in warmth and, by default, competence; moreover, different perceptions of the organization's warmth and competence can moderate CSR rewards and CSI penalties. To demonstrate this, we conduct three experiments. Experiment 1 links CSR with perceptions of warmth and competence, showing that warmth perceptions mediate the relationship between CSR and important outcomes, such as purchase intentions and reputation. Experiment 2 adds information on firms' countries of origin, revealing that CSR rewards and CSI penalties differ depending on the (mis)alignment of CSR strategy with country stereotypes. Experiment 3 replicates these findings using behavioral paradigms. We find that firms from high-warmth countries (the United States, Sweden, Portugal) receive lower CSR rewards and pay higher CSI penalties than firms from low-warmth countries (Germany, Pakistan) but this effect is moderated by competence. Our micro–macro study advances social evaluation, strategic CSR, and international management literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We theorize that foreign multinationals wield a particularly significant competitive weapon in host markets: as outsiders, they can pinpoint social schisms in host labor markets and exploit them for competitive advantage. Using two data sets from South Korea, we show that multinationals improve profitability and productivity by aggressively hiring an excluded group, women, in the local managerial labor market. We predict and find that foreign multinationals in South Korea are in a unique position to identify social schisms, implement practices designed to support and enhance the hiring and promotion of female managers, hire and promote members of the socially excluded group to positions of managerial leadership, and enjoy a net profitability benefit from doing so despite the real risk of backlash from some regulators, customers, suppliers, and employees from the socially dominant group in society. Many multinationals, even those whose home markets discriminate against women, appear to have recognized the strategic opportunity of what we call the outsider's network advantage. The gradualness of the host market's shift toward a new equilibrium freer of discrimination presented multinationals a multiyear competitive opportunity for outsider's advantage. Our study extends understanding of the multinational enterprise by showing how its competitive opportunities include identifying and exploiting social schisms in a host country's labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from the notion of cultural friction and based on the agency theory rationalization of multinational enterprise (MNE) headquarter–subsidiary relationship, we examine the impact of cultural friction in foreign subsidiaries on subsidiary performance. We argue that cultural friction, arising due to a high presence of parent country nationals (PCNs) in culturally distant locations, has a detrimental effect on subsidiary performance. This effect is the strongest when the cultural friction is at the top management team (TMT) level and the weakest when friction is at the regular employee level. However, this relationship is contingent on factors that work as drags or lubricants for cultural friction between PCNs and host country nationals (HCNs). We identify governance mode and language differences between home and host countries as drag parameters and host country experience and subsidiary interdependence as lubricants that condition the effect of cultural friction on subsidiary performance. Empirical findings based on a longitudinal sample of 7,495 foreign subsidiary observations of 467 Korean MNEs in 63 countries during 1990–2014 provide robust support for our theoretical predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reveals the problems of implementing organizational changes in the management of foreign trade companies in the context of changing sales markets. The article focuses on the fact that today’s realities orient foreign trade companies to implement new methods of distributing responsibility and authority among employees within the framework of certain activities that have undergone changes. The authors of the study propose a comprehensive approach to the introduction of innovations in business processes through an assessment of all levels of organization management. The article presents organizational pathologies that can occur at different levels of implementation of changes in companies engaged in foreign trade activities, and also suggests an algorithm for working with them when the sales market changes. The authors note that Russian companies will have the highest level of adaptation to non-standard environmental conditions, only with careful study of all levels of change management through certain criteria and setting management tasks when adjusting to the selected sales market. It is determined that when transforming business processes in modern conditions, the company must have a certain strategic maturity to enter a new market on the basis of the presented management principles of the company’s activities.

The purpose of this article is to analyze and identify promising drivers of formation and concentration of statistical potential of large enterprises. The basis of such judgments, at the moment, are the trends of more dense national corporate and international cooperation, contributing to the development of its own full-cycle production sites with the release of its own final product on the territory of Russia. The author, based on a systematic analytical approach to the study, on the basis of multiple data in the field of national interaction, economic cooperation, in order to mutually beneficial and profitable business partnership, existing internal prerequisites and real steps towards the diversification of large enterprises, compares business cases of large enterprises with national projects. Offers a consolidated set of working tools for the formation of successful diversification experience.

Copyright of Entrepreneurship; Education / Przedsiebiorczość - Edukacja is the property of Press of Pedagogical University of Cracow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increasing FDI in Africa from China and India in recent years has drawn the attention of scholars, policy makers, and the media. Africa is an arena where the two emerging giants compete on different bases. Indian firms have the advantage of institutional proximity and large diaspora communities in Africa, while Chinese firms rely on government-to-government relationship-building. The rivalry between India's soft power and Chinese hard power in Africa will continue for the foreseeable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]