Search

Research on clinical data sets of Alzheimer’s disease can predict and develop early intervention treatment. Missing data is a common problem in medical research. Failure to deal with more missing data will reduce the efficiency of the test, resulting in information loss and result bias. To address these issues, this paper designs and implements the missing data interpolation method of mixed interpolation according to columns by combining the four methods of mean interpolation, regression interpolation, support vector machine (SVM) interpolation, and multiple interpolation. By comparing the effects of the mixed interpolation method with the above four interpolation methods and giving the comparison results, the experiment shows that the results of the mixed interpolation method under different data missing rates have better performance in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MSE), and error rate, which proves the effectiveness of the interpolation mechanism. The characteristics of different variables might lead to different interpolation strategy choices, and column-by-column mixed interpolation can dynamically select the best method according to the difference of features. To a certain extent, it selects the best method suitable for each feature and improves the interpolation effect of the data set as a whole, which is beneficial to the clinical study of Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, in the processing of missing data, a combination of deletion method and interpolation method is adopted with reference to expert knowledge. Compared with the direct interpolation method, the data set obtained by this method is more accurate.

Current understandings on service engagement by male victims of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) within the United Kingdom (UK) have generally been captured by qualitative research. As such, large-scale quantitative data detailing the profile, needs and outcomes of abused men, upon both presentation and use of services, is currently lacking. The present study analyzed the client data of 719 callers to a domestic abuse helpline for men in the UK. Findings showed that the overwhelming majority of callers reported they were abused by female perpetrators, most of whom were still their current partner, and that many of the men were fathers. Vulnerable populations (GBTQ+ and disabled men) were under-represented in the sample. Most men were seeking emotional support, along with a range of practical advice and signposting to other services. The confidentiality of the helpline was crucial for many men, and almost half had struggled to access the service (suggesting a severe lack of resourcing). Findings are discussed in relation to the need for gender-inclusive services, which cater for the unique challenges and barriers experienced by abused men.

Due in part to their involvement with social activities on campus, college students experience an increased risk of dating violence. Recent legislation such as the Campus SaVE Act (which requires U.S. colleges to offer training on sexual assault, domestic violence, stalking, and sexual harassment to all incoming students) has contributed to the increase in prevention programming offered across postsecondary campuses, as well as subsequent research examining the effectiveness of these prevention efforts. The current study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of college dating violence prevention programs. A systematic search of 28 databases and numerous gray literature sources identified an initial 14,540 articles of which 315 were deemed potentially eligible for inclusion. Studies were selected if they (1) evaluated a college dating prevention program/campaign, (2) reported one of five outcomes (knowledge, attitudes, or bystander efficacy, intentions, or behavior), (3) had a minimum sample size of 20 in the treatment group, (4) used a pre/post and/or comparison group design, and (5) were published in English or French between January 2000 and October 2020. We calculated 53 effect sizes from 31 studies and conducted separate meta-analyses on various categories of outcome measures. Findings suggest that college dating violence prevention programs are effective at increasing knowledge and attitudes toward dating violence, as well as bystander skills, but are not effective at increasing bystander behaviors. Findings from moderator analyses suggest that several program components influence the strength of treatment effects. Implications for improving the effectiveness of college dating violence prevention programs are discussed.

OBJECTIVES To clarify the incidence, associated conditions, and timing of fasciotomy for compartment syndrome (CS) in children with a supracondylar (SC) fracture of the humerus. DESIGN A retrospective trauma system database study. SETTING Accredited trauma centers in Pennsylvania. PATIENTS A statewide trauma database was searched for children 2-13 years of age admitted with a SC fracture between January 2001 and December 2015. Four thousand three hundred eight children met inclusion criteria. INTERVENTION Treatment of a SC fracture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT Diagnosis of CS/performance of a fasciotomy. RESULTS During the study period, 21 (0.49%) children admitted with a SC fracture of the humerus were treated with fasciotomy. CS/fasciotomy was more likely in males (P = 0.031), those with a nerve injury (P = 0.049), and/or ipsilateral forearm fracture (P < 0.001). Vascular procedure, performed in 18 (0.42%) children, was strongly associated with CS/fasciotomy (P < 0.001). Closed reduction and fixation of a forearm fracture was associated with CS (P = 0.007). Timing of SC fracture treatment did not influence outcome. Fasciotomy was performed subsequent to reduction in 13 subjects; mean interval between procedures was 23.4 hours (r = 4.5-51.3). CONCLUSIONS Risk factors for CS exist; however, they are not required for the condition to develop. CS may develop subsequent to admission and/or SC fracture treatment. In timing of operative management and hospitalization, the results support contemporary practice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Fe deficiency has negative effects on voluntary physical activity (PA); however, the impact of consuming Fe-biofortified staple foods on voluntary PA remains unclear. This study compared the effects of consuming Fe-biofortified pearl millet or a conventional pearl millet on measures of voluntary PA in Indian schoolchildren (ages 12–16 years) during a 6-month randomised controlled feeding trial. PA data were collected from 130 children using Actigraph GT3X accelerometers for 6 d at baseline and endline. Minutes spent in light and in moderate-to-vigorous PA were calculated from accelerometer counts using Crouter’s refined two-regression model for children. Mixed regression models adjusting for covariates were used to assess relationships between intervention treatment or change in Fe status and PA. Children who consumed Fe-biofortified pearl millet performed 22·3 (95 % CI 1·8, 42·8, P = 0·034) more minutes of light PA each day compared with conventional pearl millet. There was no effect of treatment on moderate-to-vigorous PA. The amount of Fe consumed from pearl millet was related to minutes spent in light PA (estimate 3·4 min/mg Fe (95 % CI 0·3, 6·5, P = 0·031)) and inversely related to daily sedentary minutes (estimate −5·4 min/mg Fe (95 % CI –9·9, −0·9, P = 0·020)). Consuming Fe-biofortified pearl millet increased light PA and decreased sedentary time in Indian schoolchildren in a dose-dependent manner.

Bystander interventions are recognized as “promising” programming to reduce sexual violence. Gaps in current evaluations include limited follow-up post-training (beyond 24 months) and knowledge of additional bystander training during follow-up. In this prospective cohort study, nested in a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT), three cohorts of high school (HS) seniors were recruited (Fall 2013-2015) and followed through Spring 2018 ( n = 1,831). Training was based on their school cluster RCT assignment and receipt of additional Green Dot (GD) training after HS. Training was hypothesized to be associated with lower scores indicating less acceptance of violence or sexism. Sixty percent reported GD training after HS (68.7% of 986 in intervention and 50% of 845 in control conditions). No significant differences ( p < .05) were observed by GD training for four of the five violence acceptance or sexism attitudinal measures at recruitment or final surveys. For “ambivalent sexism” alone was there a significant reduction in scale scores over time in the intervention versus control condition. Additional GD training after the RCT significantly reduced neither violence acceptance nor sexism scores over time. GD training does not appear to have a consistent longer-term impact on reducing violence acceptance and sexism.

With lifetime intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization rates for self-identified men between 14% and 20%, and an expanding understanding of gender as a nonbinary construct, practitioners in some clinical environments have expressed interest in screening all patients for IPV. Yet, few IPV screening instruments have been validated for use in nonfemale populations. This research tests the appropriateness and acceptability of a screening instrument developed for use with women. A literature review was completed to determine the current state of research into IPV screening practices tailored to men. Next, cognitive interviews were conducted to test a 9-question IPV screening instrument with men considered at average and elevated risk for experiencing partner violence. Participants were read the questions aloud and asked about item comprehension and question appropriateness and acceptability. The literature review uncovered no published reports describing routine clinic based IPV screening of men, and only two screening instruments had been validated with men. Twenty men participated in cognitive interviews from a variety of settings in a large urban center. All participants accurately described the intended meaning of each question and verified the appropriateness of asking the questions. This work addresses the gap in research on routine IPV screening with men, building on efforts to screen individuals and support improved health and response to violence to those across the gender spectrum.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a well-known public health problem occurring worldwide. With a multisectoral approach being emphasized in addressing IPV, the health sector has a key role to play due to many IPV victims who appear in health facilities without their needs being met. A well-designed and implemented IPV curriculum is necessary for effectively training health care professionals to provide quality IPV care and related services. This integrative review was conducted to establish evidence for existing curricular limitations and recommendations for training health care providers to respond to IPV. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for studies published from 2000 to 2020 in five databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Google, and Scholar). As a criterion, studies that reported curricular limitations in training health care providers/professionals to address IPV were included. A total of 198 studies were identified for screening, with 16 studies meeting the inclusion criteria and included in the review. Findings: Curricular limitations for IPV response training for health care providers were reported in the following areas (themes): time allocated for the training, amount of content in the existing curricula, institutional endorsement for the content, IPV response teachers/facilitators, teaching and learning strategies, and funding to support curricular implementation. Various recommendations to improving IPV response training were provided including guaranteeing the training in all courses, increasing academic capability to teach the content, allocation of funding to improve infrastructure for curriculum development and implementation, comprehensive approaches to teaching, and continuing education for health care providers.

Recent research has emphasized the applicability of the Principles of Effective Intervention for batterer intervention treatment programs (BIPs), including using differentiated treatment models for first-time offenders compared to repeat offenders. The current study seeks to examine treatment matching across clients in two such differentiated BIPs from a mid-Atlantic state—one short-term program aimed at first-time IPV offenders ( n = 121) and one program implementing BIP “as usual” ( n = 125)—regarding client characteristics and recidivism. Findings indicate that clients in the short-term program were not significantly different than those referred to BIP “as usual” regarding common risk factors such as substance use, education, or employment, and while clients in the short-term program had fewer criminal history offenses, participants were rarely first-time criminal offenders. Further analyses showed no impact of the short-term program completion on client recidivism, while completion of BIP as usual was related to lower rates of reoffending among the program’s clients. Findings suggest the importance of how clients are matched to their level of treatment and more education and monitoring of referral agencies regarding differentiated BIP models. Further research is needed to assess whether short-term BIP programs are associated with recidivism reduction.

Treatment of crown-root fracture can be complicated, time-consuming and expensive. This paper presents a treatment approach that minimises intra-operatory intervention and preserves the biologic tissue. A 15-year-old boy reported for treatment of an oblique crown fracture in the left permanent maxillary central incisor (#21, Federation Dentaire Internationale) with mature root apices. The treatment presented an endodontic, periodontal and restorative challenge as the crown fracture exposed the pulp and extended subgingivally. The patient also had accompanying generalised enamel hypoplasia due to dental fluorosis (grade 3 Deans Fluorosis index), making the aesthetic rehabilitation difficult. The case was managed by preserving the vital pulp by MTA pulpotomy, followed by the adhesive bonding of autogenous crown fragment. A three-year follow-up revealed healthy vital pulp tissue and retained bonded fragment with acceptable aesthetics and periodontal health.

The connection between intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and problematic alcohol and/ or other drug (AOD) use has been well established in public health, social work and criminology research. Despite the overwhelming evidence of the correlation between these two problem behaviors, service systems addressing these issues have historically done so in siloed approaches to practice. AOD interventions have frequently been criticized for a lack of IPV focused assessment and practice. Similarly, specialist IPV interventions generally do not address clients’ underlying risk factors, including problematic AOD use, through holistic intervention approaches. Suggestions to combine IPV and AOD focused interventions for men who use violence are often met with skepticism, raising questions around which sector could deliver a combined intervention approach and how different ideological standpoints in client work can and should be integrated into a combined framework. In this article, we examine the views of key stakeholders ( n = 10) involved in the funding, development and/ or delivery of different service responses to men who use IPV in an Australian jurisdiction. Drawing on qualitative interview and focus group data, we explore their views around combined, group-based interventions, including the perceived need for such intervention models along with sector readiness and key considerations critical in informing the combining of IPV and AOD focused perpetrator interventions. Stakeholder findings identify the need for holistic responses to perpetrators of IPV with comorbid problematic AOD use. Further, findings provide guidance for funding bodies and community service providers considering combined, group-based interventions for perpetrators of IPV with comorbid problematic AOD use.

Dating violence is a problem occurring on college campuses that requires unique prevention and intervention needs. Despite the widespread prevalence and pervasive impact of dating violence victimization, formal disclosure and utilization of on-campus support services for student survivors remain low and often survivors who do tell someone disclose to an informal source of support, most often a friend. Many current educational efforts on college campuses regarding dating violence, including bystander intervention programming, fail to increase students’ understanding of how to safely address a situation where a peer is experiencing an abusive relationship or to provide students with information about their role as potential responders to disclosures of violence from friends. In the present exploratory study, a series of qualitative focus groups were conducted to better understand students’ perspectives on dating violence on campus. Data were analyzed according to processes of thematic analysis to examine how students’ understanding and knowledge of dating violence impact their decision about whether to intervene as prosocial bystanders within their social networks using focus groups. Emergent findings reveal that students undergo a multistage process of intervening that relies heavily on their existing knowledge and attitudes toward dating violence. The findings from this article are consistent with Banyard’s Action Coils model. Suggestions for future research are also discussed.

Malnutrition problems that mostly occur in NTT are particularly caused by low protein intake. Therefore, this study was designed to intervene in feeding energy and protein dense snack to improve the nutritional status of children under five. This research was conducted in Tanah Putih Village, Kupang Tengah Sub-district, Kupang District. The research was an experimental method with a completely randomized design. Three types of intervention were given, namely: p1 = cassava + skipjack fish; p2 = cassava + rice beans; and p3 = cassava + skipjack fish + rice beans. Each sample consumed energy and protein dense snacks (according to treatment) for 30 days of trial. The results showed that the majority of children had a higher acceptance level for the intervention (88,9%). The results also showed that the provision of energy-dense food and protein significantly (p 0.05) with the indicator of height for age. The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant nutritional status improvement for the composition of cassava and fish (P1) (p

This study explores the relationship between public speaking anxiety (PSA) and Imaginary Interactions (IIs). Participants ( N = 17) were recruited from the multi-section departmental introductory public speaking course. Virtual reality (VR) as a potential form of II treatment for PSA blurs the reality between imagined and actual interactions. This study utilized a sequential explanatory approach to examine inferential and descriptive findings. The inferential investigation employed a four-stage design requiring participants to complete pre-test PSA and post-test assessments before and after VR simulations, exploring II functions and attributions. The follow-up descriptive analysis expanded and generated new understanding for the complexities of II through participants’ experiences using directed content analysis. Utilizing VR as an extension of IIs highlighted the rehearsal function, and variations in attributions for discrepancy and specificity between VR realism and artificial simulated perceptions. The implications suggest that VR provides students in public speaking environments a treatment mechanism that minimizes the cognitive strain to imagine the scene and setting of the situation, while simultaneously providing assistance in PSA reduction.

Adolescents are at risk for becoming victims or perpetrators for a variety of forms of dating violence, including cyber violence, physical violence, psychological abuse, and sexual abuse. Interestingly, a robust predictor of dating violence is adverse experiences during childhood; however, factors that could mitigate the risk of dating violence for those exposed to adversity have seldom been examined. Using the cumulative stress hypothesis as a lens, the current study examined severity of adverse experiences as a predictor of dating violence within a sample at risk for both victimization and perpetration of dating violence: An adolescent (12–17 years old; N = 137) sample who were receiving inpatient psychiatric treatment. First, the current study aimed to replicate previous findings to determine whether adversity predicted dating violence and whether this varied by gender. Then, the current study examined one factor that could mitigate the relation between adversity and dating violence—parental emotion validation. High rates of maternal emotion validation resulted in no relation between adversity and dating violence perpetration and victimization; however, the relation was present at average and low levels of maternal emotion validation. Next, by adding gender as an additional moderator to the model, we found that high rates of paternal emotion validation extinguished the relation between adversity and dating violence perpetration, but only for adolescent boys. This pattern was not found for maternal emotion validation. Interestingly, the relation between adversity and dating violence victimization did not vary as a function of maternal or paternal validation of emotion for either child gender. These findings are discussed in terms of their meaning within this sample, possible future directions, and their implications for the prevention of dating violence.

We are beginning to understand that intimate partner violence (IPV) and women’s decision-making about that violence are nonlinear phenomena. IPV and decision-making are influenced by variables feedforwarding upon themselves with multiple interconnected predictors and circularly causal relationships. Computer models can help us gain a systems perspective on these relationships and enable hypothesis-testing without engendering risk to women in these relationships. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model of women’s decision-making concerning her violent relationship and assess the impact of random stress and her controllable behaviors on violence and decision-making. An agent-based model was created using data from couples with history of violence, based upon results of multiple time series of partner violence. To explore factors that may alter model results, eight continuous variable parameters were created based upon significant ( p ≤ .05) but discrepant (opposite directions) results from two prior time series studies. Overall, 13 unique patterns of violence in five categories were identified, but none of these categories included his violence alone without some additional influence (i.e., marital distance leading to marital distance the following day). To assess the potential impact that random stress and behaviors under her control (arguments, forgiveness, alcohol use, violence) could have on need-for-action and actions taken, the effects of variable parameter settings on these outcomes were also assessed. While random stress had little effect on outcomes, her interventions could have an impact but were pattern-specific. Her daily participation in arguments correlated with more violence. The need-for and actually taking action were at times independent of each other. This mathematical model yielded results that generally involved her violence with or without his violence. Thus, modeling partner violence and women’s decision-making is possible, yielding diverse patterns. However, the complexity of interdependent predictors unique to each relationship means that targeted interventions will need to be couple-specific.

Objective The aim of our study was to identify the main risk factors for the occurrence of early complications of acute myocardial infarction after cardio-interventional treatment and to evaluate prognostic risk indicators. Patients and methods Materials and methods: Risk factors of myocardial infarction were determined by copying the case history data and calculating on their basis of the odds ratio and ±95% confidence interval. After it, we made a prediction of the risk of early complications of AMI with cardiovascular intervention by using a Cox regression that took into account the patient's transportation time by ambulance. Results Results: Thus, the factors that increase the chances of their occurrence were: summer time of year; recurrent myocardial infarction of another specified localization (I122.8); the relevance of the established STEMI diagnosis; diabetes mellitus; renal pathology; smoking; high rate of BMI. Factors that reduce the chances of their occurrence: men gender - in 35%; the age over of 70 - by 50%; the timely arrival of an emergency medical team - by 55%. The factors that increase the chances of their occurrence were: age over 70 years; subsequent myocardial infarction of unspecified site; diabetes mellitus. Using of a Cox regression analysis, it was proved that the cumulative risk of early complications of AMI with cardio-intervention treatment increased from the 10th minute of ambulance arrival at place, when ECG diagnosis (STEMI), presence of diabetes mellitus, smoking and high BMI. Conclusion Conclusions: As a result of the conducted research, the risk factors for early complications of AIM with cardio-interventional treatment were identified.

Despite gaining admission to college, many students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) struggle to achieve academic, social, and occupational success. Additionally, college students with ADHD experience higher rates of problem drinking and comorbid psychology (e.g., depression). This paper describes the development of the Students Understanding College Choices: Encouraging and Executing Decisions for Success (SUCCEEDS) program for college students diagnosed with ADHD who are engaging in problem drinking. SUCCEEDS combines ADHD psychoeducation, behavioral activation, and brief motivational intervention treatment elements to help college students with ADHD achieve healthier and more fulfilling lifestyles. SUCCEEDS aims to decrease problem drinking by increasing substance-free, goal-directed behavior allowing for success in college. The iterative treatment development process, two SUCCEEDS illustrative case examples, and reliable change indices are presented. Preliminary results suggest that SUCCEEDS may be effective in reducing problem drinking and functional impairment in areas relevant to college students (e.g., academics).

Background Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are popular for the treatment of signs of facial skin aging. Objective The objective of this study was to confirm the performance and safety of a new cohesive polydensified matrix HA filler ([CPM®-HA20G, Belotero Revive®, lidocaine-free], Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany) for the treatment of early signs of facial skin aging by use of biophysical measurements as well as subject and investigator satisfaction. Methods Twenty-five healthy female subjects with signs of facial skin aging were enrolled in this open-label, rater-blinded, observational post-market clinical follow-up study, and received 20 micropuncture treatments of 50 µL CPM®-HA20G each into the lower cheek area at three injection visits 4 weeks apart. Objective biophysical assessments were conducted to demonstrate effects on viscoelastic properties of the skin, surface roughness, tone and radiance, and hydration, at baseline and at all follow-up visits up to 36 weeks. Results CPM®-HA20G significantly increased gross elasticity of the skin (at weeks 9 and 12), skin firmness (up to week 24), skin tone and radiance and skin hydration (all up to 36 weeks). Significant reduction of skin fatigue (up to 9 weeks), skin roughness (up to 28 weeks), and redness (up to 36 weeks) was also observed. Subjects and blinded investigator were highly satisfied with the treatment outcomes. The treating investigator reported a high level of satisfaction with the ease of injection and the clinical performance of the device. Moreover, data demonstrated a good safety profile of the device. Conclusion CPM®-HA20G is considered to be an effective and safe HA injectable for skin revitalization in patients suffering from signs of skin aging and loss of skin elasticity. It seems to be a perfect early intervention approach in patients that do not need volumizing treatment and a combination approach in older patients with more pronounced aging.

The crime victims’ rights movement has led to the development of advocacy, rights, and services for crime victims. A growing body of research has examined victim service provision using victim/client samples and complementary research has utilized service provider samples. The latter have focused on crime victim service providers’ (VSPs) perceptions regarding clients’ needs and barriers, as well as perceptions of service provision, needs, and barriers pertaining to their agency’s operations. Although relatively small, the body of provider-focused victim services research has commonly considered the influence of rurality on service provision. The present study adds to this body of research by examining reported needs and barriers of VSPs ( N = 94) in a Mountain West state, considering the influence of rurality and concentrated need. Three research questions informed the descriptive analyses: (a) What are the most commonly identified needs and barriers for providers in the state? (b) Are there differences in identified needs and barriers between rural and urban providers? (c) Do certain agencies report more needs and barriers than others, and if so, what are the differences? Findings indicate that many of the needs and barriers identified by VSPs mirror those identified by previous research and that agencies serving rural communities report significantly more needed services than those who do not serve rural communities. Furthermore, approximately 30% of the sample was designated as “high need” due to reported needs and/or barriers exceeding the average of the rest of the sample. The high-need agencies were not exclusively rural in terms of agency location or population served. The potential nuances of rurality’s influence on VSPs in an overwhelmingly rural state are discussed.

Piglets experience a decline in body temperature immediately after birth, and both drying and warming piglets at birth reduce this. However, these interventions may be less effective at higher farrowing room temperatures. This study was carried out at a commercial facility to compare the effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth on postnatal rectal temperature (RT) under relatively warm farrowing room temperatures (26.6 ± 2.09 °C). Forty-five sows/litters were used in a completely randomized design to compare three Intervention Treatments (applied at birth): Control (no treatment); Warming (piglets placed in a plastic box under a heat lamp for 30 min); and Drying+Warming (piglets dried with desiccant and warmed as above). Temperatures in the warming boxes over the study period averaged 37.7 ± 2.75 °C. At birth, piglets were weighed; RT temperature was measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 1,440 min after birth. Blood samples were collected at 24 h after birth from a subsample of one piglet from each birth weight quartile within each litter to measure plasma immunocrit concentration. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with litter as the experimental unit, and piglet as a subsample of litter. The model for analysis of piglet rectal temperature included fixed effects of Intervention Treatment, measurement time (repeated measure), the interaction, and the random effect of sow. Compared with the Control, piglet RT were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Warming treatment between 10 and 60 min, and higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming treatment between 10 and 120 min after birth. Rectal temperatures were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming than the Warming treatment between 20 and 120 min. Responses to drying and/or warming were greater for low-birth-weight piglets ( 0.05). Immunocrit values tended (P = 0.10) to be lower for light (

Violence in intimate relationships is a major problem worldwide. Many women, despite having experienced violence from a partner, decide to remain in a relationship with the perpetrator. A special premise for such a decision is that the abusive partner undertakes therapy that serves to build security in the family. An important indicator of dealing with violence is post-traumatic growth (PTG), a concept introduced by Calhoun and Tedeschi (1998) to describe positive changes as a result of traumatic experiences. The purpose of the research was to assess PTG changes in the course of relationships in which the woman had experienced violence from her partner, but both her partner and she had undertaken therapy and changed their behavior ( N = 48). The conducted research used a demographic survey and two questionnaires: The Polish version of the Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R, Weiss, Marmara prepared by Juczyński and Ogińska-Bulik [2009]) examining three dimensions of trauma (intrusion, hyperarousal, and avoidance) and the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory ( Tedeschi & Calhoun [2004] ; Polish version prepared by Ogińska-Bulik & Juczyński [2010] ). The studies showed that over a period of one and half years, significant changes in PTG had taken place. Reportedly, changes in self-perception and changes in relating to others have decreased, while appreciation of life increased but spiritual life remained the same. The research also allowed us to distinguish several groups of corelates in changes in individual PTG categories. The studies also indicate that building a close relationship with the person who caused the harm can limit the victim’s PTG.

Gender inequality and violence against women are present in every society and culture around the world. The intensities vary, however, based on the local guiding norms and established belief systems. The society of Nepal is centered on traditional belief systems of gender roles and responsibilities, providing greater male supremacy and subordination for the females. This has led to the development and extensive practices of social gender hierarchal systems, producing several inequalities and violence toward women. This study has utilized Forum Theater interventions as a method of raising awareness in 10 villages in eastern Nepal. The study aimed to understand the perception and changes in the community and individuals from the interactive Forum Theater performances on pertinent local gender issues. We conducted 6 focus group discussions and 30 individual interviews with male and female participants exposed to the interventions. The data analysis utilized the constructivist grounded theory methodology. The study finds that exposure and interactive participation in the Forum Theater provide the audience with knowledge, develop empathy toward the victim, and motivate them to change the situation of inequality, abuse, and violence using dialogues and negotiations. The study describes how participation in Forum Theater has increased individual’s ability for negotiating changes. The engagement by the audience in community discussions and replication of efforts in one of the intervention sites show the level of preparedness and ownership among the targeted communities. The study shows the methodological aspects of the planning and performance of the Forum Theater and recommends further exploration of the use of Forum Theater in raising awareness.

This article presents qualitative findings from a constructivist grounded theory study that examines intimate partner violence and employment-seeking from the perspectives of 10 service providers. Three distinct themes emerge through analysis: (a) understanding the intersecting barriers to employment faced by survivors, (b) integrated approaches to employment services, and (c) barriers to providing employment services. Findings have important theoretical implications on the intersectional nature of employment-seeking and provide insight into IPV service responses.

Piglets are susceptible to hypothermia early after birth, which is a major predisposing factor for preweaning mortality (PWM). Drying and warming piglets at birth has been shown to reduce early postnatal temperature decline. This study evaluated the effect of drying and warming piglets at birth on PWM and weaning weight (WW) under commercial conditions. A completely randomized design was used with 802 sows/litters (10,327 piglets); sows/litters were randomly allotted at start of farrowing to one of two Intervention Treatments (applied at birth): Control (no drying or warming); Drying+Warming (dried with a cellulose-based desiccant and placed in a box under a heat lamp for 30 min). Piglets were weighed at birth and weaning; PWM was recorded. Rectal temperature was measured at 0 and 30 min after birth on all piglets in a subsample of 10% of litters. The effect of farrowing pen temperature (FPT) on WW and PWM was evaluated by comparing litters born under COOL (1.5 kg). PROC GLIMMIX and MIXED of SAS were used to analyze mortality and other data, respectively. Litter was the experimental unit; piglet was a subsample of litter. The model included fixed effects of Intervention Treatment, and FPT or BWC as appropriate, the interaction, and the random effects of litter. Piglet rectal temperature at 30 min after birth was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming than the Control treatment (+2.33°C). Overall, there was no effect (P > 0.05) of Intervention Treatment on PWM or WW, and there were no Intervention Treatment by BWC interactions (P > 0.05) for these measurements. There was an Intervention Treatment by FPT interaction (P ≤ 0.05) for PWM. Drying and warming piglets reduced (P ≤ 0.05) PWM under COOL (by 2.4 percentage units) but not WARM FPT. In addition, WW were lower (P ≤ 0.05) under WARM (by 0.79 kg) than COOL FPT; however, there was no interaction (P > 0.05) with Intervention Treatment. In conclusion, this study suggests that drying and warming piglets at birth increases rectal temperature and may reduce PWM under cooler conditions, which are typically experienced in temperate climates during the majority of the year.

Coordinated community responses (CCRs) are a commonly used intervention in the field of domestic violence (DV), yet research findings on CCRs to DV have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to examine the current state of CCRs to DV, with a specific focus on those responses that involve law enforcement officers as key players. A systematic review of 31 databases resulted in 18 peer-reviewed manuscripts for inclusion in this study. Manuscripts were included if they were written in English and published in 1999 or later; focused specifically on DV and criminal justice and/or community responses; research outcomes were specific to cases, victims, or offenders; the intervention was clearly described and evaluated using an experimental or quasi-experimental design; and was implemented in the United States. Findings suggest that there is a great deal of variability across CCR studies involving law enforcement officers with regard to (a) whether studies used the term “coordinated community response” to describe the intervention being evaluated, (b) the types of cases included, (c) the nature of the CCR being evaluated, (d) the outcomes that were examined, and (e) how these outcomes were operationalized. These variations make it difficult for scholars to draw broader conclusions about the effectiveness of CCR interventions. Future research should include the identification of core outcomes that can be used across studies to allow for comparison studies and meta-analyses. There is also a need for studies to focus on identifying which components of CCR interventions are most critical to producing positive outcomes.

We report on an innovative, fabric-based conformable, and easily fabricated electroceutical wound dressing that inhibits bacterial biofilm infections and shows significant promise for healing chronic wounds. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates the ability of the electroceutical to produce reactive oxygen species, primarily HOCl that is responsible for bacterial inhibition. In vitro investigation with the lawn biofilm grown on a soft tissue mimic assay shows the efficacy of the dressing against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the biofilm form. In vivo, the printed electroceutical dressing was utilized as an intervention treatment for a canine subject with a non-healing wound due to a year-long persistent polymicrobial infection. The clinical case study with the canine subject exhibited the applicability in a clinical setting with the results showing infection inhibition within 11 days of initial treatment. This printed electroceutical dressing was integrated with a Bluetooth® enabled circuit allowing remote monitoring of the current flow within the wound bed. The potential to monitor wounds remotely in real-time with a Bluetooth® enabled circuit proposes a new physical biomarker for management of infected, chronic wounds. [2020-0129]

Although one in four women in the United States experience severe intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetimes and are at greater risk for homelessness and housing insecurity than women who have not experienced IPV, the factors increasing the vulnerability of women with an IPV history to housing instability have not been examined. This cross-sectional study utilized baseline data from interviews with 218 IPV-exposed women from diverse ethnoracial backgrounds participating with their children in the Kids’ Club and the Mom’s Empowerment Program, joint interventions designed to improve outcomes in families who have experienced IPV. Multiple regression was used to examine the predictors associated with housing instability, quantified as the number of times a participant had moved in the past 4 years. Demographic information was collected and exposure to violence was measured with the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS); severity and prevalence of PTSD and depression symptoms were measured with the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), respectively. Results showed that level of education was positively associated with housing instability, while age of the participant, average monthly income, and increased severity of PTSD symptoms were negatively associated. Neither the participant’s race nor the extent of reported violence significantly predicted participants’ housing instability. The findings of this study may serve to better identify those who have experienced IPV that are most at risk of experiencing housing instability, and to inform future interventions and policy aiming to support their needs. In addition, these results further emphasize the importance of providing housing resources in addition to interventions designed to improve physical and psychosocial health in enabling women that have experienced IPV to gain independence from an abuser.

Purpose: Few dating violence prevention programs assess how variations in initial violence risk affects responsiveness. This study examines the efficacy of Date SMART, a dating violence and sexual risk prevention program designed to target high-risk adolescent girls, in preventing dating violence in the context of varying initial levels of depressive symptoms. Method: A diverse sample of N = 109 female adolescents with a history of physical dating violence participated in a randomized controlled trial of the Date SMART program and a knowledge only (KO) comparison. Results: Using baseline depression level as a primary risk factor, a series of multilevel models revealed significant main effects of baseline depression such that higher baseline depression was associated with greater physical dating violence perpetration and victimization. Results also showed a three-way interaction for assessment point, depressive symptoms, and condition for physical dating violence perpetration. Specifically, those with higher baseline depression in Date SMART showed significantly less physical dating violence perpetration at follow-ups compared with those with higher baseline depression in the KO group. This difference in violence reduction between conditions was not observed for those with lower baseline depression. Discussion: Date SMART appears to effectively reduce physical dating violence perpetration in those with higher levels of initial risk. Current findings support that adolescents with different risk profiles respond differently to violence prevention programs.

ملخص عربى : تعد فئة الطلاب ذوي صعوبات التعلم من أکثر فئات التربية الخاصة من حيث معدلات الانتشار. ويکثر الجدل - فى هذا المجال - حول النموذج الأمثل للتشخيص. حيث تشير الأبحاث إلى أن نموذج التعارض بين التحصيل والذکاء Discrepancy Model قد هيمن على جميع ممارسات التشخيص للأطفال ذوي صعوبات التعلم في الخمسين عاما الماضية في العالم العربي. وقد تعرض هذا النموذج للعديد من أوجه النقد في البيئة الغربية على الرغم من استمرار استخدامه في البيئة العربية. وفي السنوات القليلة الماضية ظهرت عدة نماذج بديلة في محاولة لتحسين ممارسات تشخيص صعوبات التعلم کان أشهرها على الإطلاق نموذج الاستجابة للتدخل الذي تم تطبيقه حديثا في البيئة الغربية کنموذج بديل لتشخيص الطلاب ذوي صعوبات التعلم وکبديل لمنهجية إجراء الاختبارات من أجل تحديد العلاج واستبدالها بنموذج يرکز على التدخل العلاجي المبکر کخطوة أولى لتشخيص صعوبات التعلم.ولذلک تعرض الورقة البحثية الحالية نماذج تشخيص صعوبات التعلم التقليدية ومقارنتها بنموذج الاستجابة للتدخل Response to Intervention في محاولة للوصول إلى نموذج تکاملي يمکن تطبيقه في البيئة العربية. وتشمل النماذج التقليدية نموذج التعارض بين التحصيل والذکاء Aptitude-Achievement Discrepancy Model، نموذج التحصيل المنخفضLow achievement، نموذج الاختلافات الموجودة في قدرات الفرد Intra-individual Differences. وتمثل هذه الورقة البحثية قاعدة نظرية لتشخيص صعوبات التعلم في الحلقة الأولى من التعليم الأساسي ، وترکز الورقة البحثية على مسح للأدبيات والدراسات الحديثة في مجال تشخيص صعوبات التعلم. ملخص انجليزى: The category of students with learning disabilities from special education classes more in terms of prevalence rates. There is much controversy - in this area - about the optimal model for diagnosis. where research suggests that the discrepancy between the model and the collection of intelligence Discrepancy Model has dominated all diagnostics practices for children with learning difficulties in the past fifty years in the Arab world. This model has been subjected to many aspects of Western criticism in the environment despite the continued use in the Arab environment. In the past few years, several alternative models in an attempt to improve the diagnosis of learning difficulties practices emerged was the most famous response to treatment that has been applied recently in the Western environment as a model for an alternative for the diagnosis of students with learning difficulties and an alternative to the methodology for conducting the tests in order to identify and replace model focuses on the therapeutic intervention treatment model Early first step to diagnose learning difficulties.Therefore current research paper presents the diagnosis of traditional learning difficulties and comparing models model response to treatment Response to Intervention in an attempt to reach an integrative model can be applied in the Arab environment. The models include the traditional model of conflict between achievement and intelligence Aptitude-Achievement Discrepancy Model, low achievement model Low achievement, model differences in individual capacities Intra-individual Differences. This paper represents a theoretical base for the diagnosis of learning difficulties in the first cycle of basic education, and research paper focuses on a survey of the literature and recent studies in the field of diagnosis of learning difficulties.

Although the tendency to ruminate is related to the frequency of intimate partner violent (IPV) perpetration, it is unclear how IPV men react emotionally and physiologically during angry rumination. This study is the first to experimentally manipulate rumination and distraction with violent men. Using the rumination and distraction paradigm developed by Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow, IPV ( N = 87) and nonviolent (NV; N = 30) men underwent an anger induction and then were randomly assigned to either ruminate or distract. IPV men were hypothesized to experience increased effects of rumination compared to NV men. As predicted, the results demonstrate an increase in heart rate from baseline to postrumination. No change in physiological arousal was observed in the distraction condition over time. Surprisingly, no difference state anger was found between IPV and NV men, and both conditions resulted in an increase in state anger. Implications for battering interventions suggest that distraction strategies, such as taking a time-out, are not sufficient to decrease physiological arousal. Intervention strategies that address mindfulness, physiological soothing, distorted cognitions, and rumination may be more powerful in decreasing negative physiological arousal among IPV men.