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This research and development (R&D) aimed at 1) developing reading material for the fifth grade students of elementary schools in tourism area, and (2) investigating the quality of the material developed. To gather the data, this study used scoring rubric, questionnaires, observation sheets, interview guide, and test. This study used the development model proposed by Sugiyono (2011) and was developed based on the characteristics of good reading material proposed by Tomlinson (1998). The results showed that (1) reading material was developed by involving some of local contents and (2) reading material had high validity and practicality and was proven to be effective. It then can be concluded that to make good quality of a reading material, the development of it should involve local content and should be based on the criteria of good material. Keywords: Reading Material, Tourism Area, Local Culture

Abstract. Background: Communication campaigns offer a portable intervention to effectively reach and engage target populations at risk for suicide including US veterans. Few studies have evaluated such efforts, and still fewer have examined factors that contribute to failed suicide prevention messaging. Aims: We aimed to examine characteristics of suicide prevention messages and persuasive processes that may underlie failed communicative intervention with US veterans. Method: Telephone interviews were completed with veterans ( N = 33) from June to September 2016 using a semi-structured interview guide. Interview transcripts were coded by the authors with NVivo using a constant comparison analytic strategy. Results: Several reasons emerged for why suicide prevention messaging may fail to produce intended responses among veterans. Participants identified message features (e.g., language, images, messenger) and communication strategies that may diminish campaign effects. Limitations: Findings are not generalizable, are limited to participants who used VA healthcare and were not suicidal, and are subject to several biases. Conclusion: This work provides initial insights into barriers to effective message use with veterans.

The objective of this research is to assess the effects of the use of insect nets in vegetable production. To achieve this goal, data were collected in four departments of southern Benin (Mono, Couffo, Oueme and Plateau) using an interview guide and a structured questionnaire. A total of 223 producers chosen at random from these areas where the CRSP Horticulture Project is located were surveyed. The results of the study show that growers using insect nets have not given up using chemical pesticides. However, a significant reduction in treatment frequencies was recorded in the nursery and after transplanting for most of the pesticides identified. Similarly, a significant reduction (more than 60.0%) in pest attacks (Helicoverpa armigera, Hellula undalis, Plutella xylostella, Bemisia tabaci and cochineals) was recorded among producers using anti-insect nets at 5%. These results involve that it is necessary to sensitize farmers to the use of nets to protect plants. This will significantly reduce pest attacks and reduce the use of pesticides in production. Key words: Anti-insect nets, effects, pests, market gardening, Benin.

Good employee performance will be achieved if you pay attention to what factors can influence it. The case that occurred at Bank BJB Syariah KCP Kuningan was that employees complained about work facilities and the compensation system. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. With two data sources, namely primary data sources consisting of leaders and all employees at Bank BJB Syariah KCP. Brass and secondary data sources consisting of documents both in writing and photos at Bank BJB Syariah KCP. Brass. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. The research instrument is the researcher himself as the main instrument in the research, observation guide and interview guide. The results showed that the facilities provided by Bank BJB KCP. Kuningan is inadequate, the internet network is often disturbed, the lack of operational vehicles, the parking area is not large enough, thus disrupting employee performance. As for compensation, the institution has given it fairly and fairly well in accordance with existing regulations. Both of these things certainly have an impact on employee performance, so that it can be said that the failure of the BJB Syariah Bank, Kuningan Sub-Branch Office, has not been able to meet the needs to improve employee performance.

PurposeThis study estimated the prevalence of depressive disorders among PhD students and analyzed the underlying factors in the Indian context.Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilized an “Integrative framework” and a mixed-method approach involving survey and in-depth interviews. The survey was conducted among 240 PhD students using multistage cluster sampling in two public universities of Kerala, India. Data were collected using a self-administered Patient Health Questionnaire-9. In-depth interviews were conducted among 12 students using semi-structured interview guide. Multinomial regression and thematic analyses were undertaken to examine the factors associated with depressive disorders.FindingsAbout 31.7, 41.7, 17.9, 6.7 and 2.1% had no/minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depressive disorders, respectively. Students belonging to economically weaker section (OR = 3.06; 95% CI = 1.32–7.12), having limited knowledge of local language (OR = 4.24; 95% CI = 1.00–17.95) and earning less than INR 20,000/month (OR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.12–5.00) were more likely to report moderate to severe depressive disorders. In addition, thematic analyses of interviews found that financial hardship, disagreement between student-supervisor, compromised students' support services and an uncertain job market were the key factors affecting the mental health of students and inhibiting academic performance.Originality/valueThis study adds to the existing literature by examining the prevalence and underlying factors of depressive disorders among doctoral students in the Indian context. The results of this study can act as a guide for universities and educational regulatory bodies to address the burgeoning issue of depressive disorders among research students in India.

The current operational setup in Kenya’s Universities is a turbulent one and highly competitive market condition. To ensure survival and sustainability, public universities require to adopt and implement competitive strategies. Many scholars have investigated sustainability efforts by Universities in pursuit of performance, however, it is still not clear how sustainable strategies have the greatest influence on the performance of Public Universities. Thus, the study set to establish the influence of sustainability strategies on the performance of Public Universities in Kenya. The study was anchored on resource-based theory. To achieve the objectives, the study was anchored on a pragmatic philosophy and mixed research design with a target population of 234 University top managers. Primary data was collected using a 5 point Likert-type questionnaire and an interview guide. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that sustainability strategies had a significantly statistical influence on the performance of public universities in Kenya. The regression analysis for composite results revealed that sustainability strategies (SS) alone account for 53% of the variation of performance of Public Universities (R2=0.53, (t=7.68, p

The aim of this study was to determine millennial influence on organization change in the hospitality industry Naivasha sub-county, Kenya. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: determine the influence of millennial innovativeness on organization change. This study used innovation theory. The study will adopt a descriptive survey research design. The current study targets rated hotels in Naivasha. This study targeted 180 respondents the respondents were: 10 Managers, 40 departmental heads from the four departments in the hotels, 10 Millennial and 120 supervisors. Employees of these hotels will be the respondents in the study. Data was collected via a self –administered questionnaires and an interview guide. Validity and reliability were ensured by conducting a pilot test in Narok County. Analysis of data comprised descriptive statistics and regression analysis with the help of SPSS. Results indicate that organizational change in the hospitality industry was positively significantly associated with millennial Innovation change in the hospitality industry. From the findings, the researcher concluded that millennials are innovative and easily come up with new ideas further they are proficient in technology and techno-savvy. .

This study aims to determine the influence of corporate governance on performance of Public Universities in Kenya. The study was anchored on social network theory. To achieve the objective, the study was based on a pragmatic philosophy and mixed research design with a target population of 234 University top managers. Primary data was collected using a 5 point Likert type questionnaire and an interview guide. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that corporate governance had significantly statistical influence on performance of public universities in Kenya. This study concluded that adherence to good corporate governance practices are essential strategies Public Universities can use in their endeavour to improve on their performance. It is further recommended that University top managers should adhere to good corporate governance practices, specifically to management guidelines, allow for public participation and be transparent in their actions. Further, the results present important implications to University top managers, other corporate entities, policy makers, and stakeholders in the University education sector in Kenya and across the world.

OBJECTIVE: To understand how patients experience participation in student encounters.METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured telephone interviews with ten cardiac surgery patients who had attended voluntary postoperative consultations in a student outpatient clinic. The interview guide included questions about reasons for and experiences of being part of a teaching situation. Interviews were analysed through inductive thematic analysis where pieces of text in each interview were assigned different codes and condensed into themes.RESULTS: The patients expressed a duality in their reasons for participating in student consultations: (1) a personal need for assurance (safety) and (2) a wish to help students (altruism). Students were perceived as professional and sometimes insecure. Being part of an educational situation was meaningful to the patients because they did not feel objectified. Knowing that there was a backup supervisor made the patients feel safe even though the supervisor was not present during all parts of the consultation.CONCLUSIONS: Patients experienced safety, understood their role in all parts of the consultation, and shared a wish to help students learn.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: A sequential consultation model alternating between student- and supervisor-driven supervision can balance student autonomy and patient safety. This knowledge could guide future patient-centred medical education in student clinics.

Implementing asthma guideline recommendations is challenging in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to explore healthcare provider (HCP) perspectives on the provision of recommended care. Twenty-six HCPs from six public primary care clinics in a semi-urban district of Malaysia were purposively sampled based on roles and experience. Focus group discussions were guided by a semi-structured interview guide and analysed thematically. HCPs had access to guidelines and training but highlighted multiple infrastructure-related challenges to implementing recommended care. Diagnosis and review of asthma control were hampered by limited access to spirometry and limited asthma control test (ACT) use, respectively. Treatment decisions were limited by poor availability of inhaled combination therapy (ICS/LABA) and free spacer devices. Imposed Ministry of Health programmes involving other non-communicable diseases were prioritised over asthma. Ministerial policies need practical resources and organisational support if quality improvement programmes are to facilitate better management of asthma in public primary care clinics.

Descriptive research with a qualitative approach method is used because it is accordance with the research objectives, namely to describe students' mathematical literacy towards the performance of the PISA questions in terms of gender. The subjects in this study were two students that 1 male and 1 female in the high math ability of category in grade 9 of junior high schools. Subjects were selected by purposive sampling by giving a mathematical ability test to 25 students to see their mathematical abilities, then also taking into account the mathematics teaching teacher, two students were obtained as research subjects in accordance with the purpose of the study, namely to describe students' mathematical literacy based on gender, especially students with high mathematical abilities.The instrument used was a mathematical ability test and a mathematical literacy test as well as an interview guide as research data. Based on data analysis, there is an influence of gender on students mathematical literacy level. Female’s mathematical iteracy is better than male’s mathematical literarcy, so there needs to be efforts to improve learning from both teachers and schools so that there are no longer differences in abilities between male and female, and gender does not affect mathematical literacy.

This study aims to identify and describe the erros experienced by students in solfing comparison questions and to determine the causal factors in completing the comparison material for studenst of SMA Stella Gratia Atambua. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. The subjects in this study were students of class X SMA Stella Gratia Atambua for the 2020/2021 school year. The data collection techniques used were tests and interviews. The instruments in this study was a test item in the form of a description with 3 numbers of questions and an interview guide. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the average error made by students in the type of reading error 33,33%, the comprehension error was the average error percentage of the error was 45%, the transformation error was with The average percentage of errors is 69%, the error in processing skills is 78%, and the encoding error in writing answers is the average percentase of errors is 80 %.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) establish formal and informal relations to access required resources for business competitiveness in Uganda. The major challenge of acquiring the required resources is attributed to inadequate management of informational differences among employees. This paper examines the relationship between informational differences and entrepreneurial networking among SMEs in Uganda. A mixed research method was deployed. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 228 SMEs. An interview guide was used for key informants. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting SMEs from the Kampala district, business owners/managers were purposively selected as the respondents. Multiple regression was used, and data were analysed using SmartPLS and Nvivo software. Findings confirmed a significant positive relationship between informational differences and entrepreneurial networking. Specifically, both divergent opinions and new knowledge values are positively associated with entrepreneurial networking. The study recommends that SME owners/managers should establish policies and flat structures as an opportunity to address non-linear interchanges of information. Managers should create an enabling environment for employees with divergent opinions to interact with each other to become innovative with new methods of accessing resources from entrepreneurial networks. Future studies should use a longitudinal approach to study the trends over years. This study extends knowledge of entrepreneurial networking using complexity systems leadership theory.

En la presente investigación se evalúa la rentabilidad del cultivo de Maíz y Tomate mediante la aplicación de un Sistema de Acumulación de Costos Agropecuarios en la Finca Los Jobos Estelí, correspondiente del 01 de mayo al 30 de octubre 2020. La investigación contiene información teórica, el análisis de los resultados se obtuvieron de la aplicación de instrumentos (guía de entrevista, guía de observación) para recolección de información que se aplicaron en las diferentes visitas que se realizaron a la finca con el fin de describir el Proceso Productivo del Cultivo de Maíz y tomate, posteriormente diseñar e implementar un sistema de Acumulación de Costos y determinar la rentabilidad que tienen ambos cultivos y cual posee más incidencia en cuanto a las ganancias. El estudio aplicado en la investigación es de tipo Explicativo- analítico porque se explica el proceso productivo del cultivo del tomate y el maíz; además se analiza cada una de las etapas del ciclo productivo para poder realizar los registros adecuados de las actividades desarrolladas a fin de poder determinar los costos de producción, determinando así la rentabilidad de los cultivos. En los resultados de la investigación se describe el proceso productivo de Maíz y Tomate que se lleva a cabo en la finca, posteriormente se realizó el diseño del sistema contable tomando en cuenta que en la finca no existía un sistema contable que le facilitara el registro de las operaciones; y se realizaron registros contables de las operaciones (gastos, ingresos y costos) generados en ciclo productivo, información que facilito la elaboración de los estados financieros, para poder evaluar la rentabilidad de ambos cultivos.

PurposeThis study explored young males' suggestions for food skills education in three domains: food selection and planning, food preparation and food safety and storage. It also solicited young males' perspectives on mandatory food skills education.Design/methodology/approachThis descriptive qualitative study employed a semi-structured interview guide. A one-page list of food skills was provided to each participant to form a consistent basis for the interviews. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method.FindingsForty-four young men aged 17 to 35 participated in the study. Thirty-seven supported mandatory education for food skills. Gender stereotypes around food skills were identified as a barrier to young males enrolling in elective food skills courses. When asked how food skills should be taught, the two main strategies mentioned were “online” and “hands-on.” Most participants identified skills in the food preparation domain as essential to include in the curriculum, although some recognized the importance of incorporating skills from all three domains.Practical implicationsUnderstanding important characteristics of effective food skills education for young males may increase their participation in school, virtual and community-based food skills education. Curricular content should consider young males' interests and baseline competencies and emphasize practical hands-on skills. Mandatory food skills education in secondary schools for all genders represents a comprehensive solution.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to report young males' opinions on crucial components of, and methods for, effective food skills education for this population.

Purpose This study aims to investigate female commercial drivers in the Lagos metropolis. The study sought to know the circumstances that motivated women to venture into commercial driving; the experiences they encounter whilst engaging with other stakeholders in the public space; the dimension of the conflict between work and family, and the coping strategies used and finally, the health concerns of female commercial drivers. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a cross-sectional design and a qualitative method of data collection. An in-depth interview guide was used to elicit information from 18 female drivers drawn from three sectors of commercial transportation in Lagos State. Findings It was found that the major motivation for engaging in commercial driving is the need for survival and family support; although participants acknowledged that they cannot be in the profession for a long time. Married women had less time to engage in commercial driving due to other family responsibilities. Women drivers have experienced mixed reactions from other road users. Commercial driving is physically demanding and poses threat to the health of female commercial drivers. Originality/value The findings highlight the circumstances behind women participating in commercial driving. Despite the challenges encountered in this course of this activity, they are still bent on continuing because of the need to take care of their children, a majority of their spouses are not fully contributing to the maintenance of the home.

Objectives Despite evidence demonstrating the safety and efficacy of buprenorphine for the treatment of emergency department (ED) patients with opioid use disorder (OUD), incorporation into clinical practice has been highly variable. We explored barriers and facilitators to the prescription of buprenorphine, as perceived by practicing ED clinicians. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of ED clinicians. An interview guide was developed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and Theoretical Domains implementation science frameworks. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in an iterative process. Emergent themes were identified, discussed, and organized. Results We interviewed 25 ED clinicians from eleven states in the United States. Participants were diverse with regard to years in practice and practice setting. While outer setting barriers such as the logistical costs of getting a DEA-X waiver and lack of clear follow-up for patients were noted by many participants, individual-level determinants driven by emotion (stigma), beliefs about consequences and roles, and knowledge predominated. Participants' responses suggested that implementation strategies should address stigma, local culture, knowledge gaps, and logistical challenges, but that a particular order to addressing barriers may be necessary. Conclusions While some participants were hesitant to adopt a 'new' role in treating patients with medications for OUD (MOUD), many already had, and gave concrete strategies regarding how to encourage others to embrace their attitude of "this is part of emergency medicine now."

This study explored experiences of dietary sodium adherence among patients with heart failure and their caregivers. Qualitative data were collected from 22 patients and 18 caregivers using an interview guide and were analyzed using content analysis. Four themes were (1) lack of adherence to low-sodium diet, (2) several barriers to dietary sodium adherence, (3) a few facilitators of dietary sodium adherence, and (4) distorted perceptions of dietary education from healthcare providers. The majority of patients had poor dietary sodium adherence. Distorted perceptions, insufficient knowledge, disadvantages of dietary sodium adherence, and lack of family support were barriers to dietary sodium adherence, and family support was a facilitator. The majority of patients received dietary education from their healthcare providers but had little knowledge about the detailed content and the connection to heart failure management. More effective interventions reflecting patients' and caregivers' dietary experiences need to be developed and delivered.

This study aims to describe mistakes made by first-semester students in solving triangle problems in trigonometry subjects. This research was a qualitative descriptive study with a case study approach. The subjects of this study were students of the first semester of the mathematics education study program at a tertiary institution in the city of Malang. The research instrument consisted of a question about solving triangular problems in the context of trigonometry and an interview guide. The data collected in this study consisted of the results of the subjects’ works and transcripts of interview results. Subject work data were analyzed descriptively to determine the type of error made by the subjects. The transcript data from the interview results were analyzed using coding which aimed to determine the factors causing the subjects’ errors. The results showed that the errors of 19 students in solving triangular problems in the context of trigonometry obtained 39% on concept errors, 28% on principle errors, 6% on miscalculations, and 33% on factual errors.