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Huoxiang Zhengqi San (HXZQS), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, enjoys widespread use in Chinese medicine to treat diarrhea with cold-dampness trapped spleen syndrome (CDSS), which is induced by exposure to cold and high humidity stress. This study aimed to explore its therapeutic mechanisms in mice, particularly focusing on the intestinal microbiota. Forty male SPF-grade KM mice were allocated into two groups: the normal control group (H-Cc, n = 10) and the CDSS group (H-Mc, n = 30). After modeling, H-Mc was subdivided into H-Mc (n = 15) and HXZQS treatment (H–Tc, n = 15) groups. Intestinal samples were analyzed for enzyme activity and microbiota composition. Our findings demonstrated a notable reduction in intestinal lactase activity post-HXZQS treatment (P

The study was to study the effect of microbial fermentation feed on performance, nitrogen and phosphorus emissions, intestinal digestive enzyme activities and cecal microorganisms of Laiwu black pigs. 64 healthy Laiwu black pigs with similar body weight were randomly divided into two groups, with eight replicates in each group and four pigs in each replicate, which were microecological addition group and microbial fermentation group, respectively. The pigs in probiotics group were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0.2% probiotics, and the pigs in microbial fermentation group were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0.2% probiotics and 30% water and fermented at 37 ℃ for 2 d. The experiment lasted for 70 d. The results showed that compared with microecological supplementation group, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of Laiwu black pigs in microbial fermentation group were increased, and the feed to gain ratio of Laiwu black pigs was decreased (P>0.05). Compared with microecological supplemental group, nitrogen content in Laiwu black pig manure in microbial fermentation group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and phosphorus content in feces was decreased (P>0.05). Compared with microecological supplemental group, the pH values of duodenum and jejunum in microbial fermentation group were decreased, and the pH values of ileum were increased (P>0.05). Compared with microecological supplementation group, the activities of amylase, lipase and protease in duodenum of Laiwu black pigs in microbial fermentation group were significantly increased (P<0.05), the activities of amylase, lipase and protease in jejunum of Laiwu black pigs were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the activities of protease in ileum of Laiwu black pigs were significantly increased (P<0.05). The activities of amylase and lipase in ileum were increased (P>0.05). Compared with microecological supplemental group, the numbers of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cecum of Laiwu black pigs in microbial fermentation group were decreased, while the number of Lactobacillus was increased (P>0.05). The results showed that the microbial fermented feed can improve the intestinal digestive enzyme activity, increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract, improve the intestinal health, reduce fecal nitrogen emissions, and improve the performance of Laiwu black pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]