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Introduction Mesenteric fibromatosis-desmoid tumor of mesentery is a rare benign soft tissue tumor of mesentery. On CT, it mimics gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Case Report A 44-year-old female with small intestinal mass, preoperatively diagnosed radiologically and pathologically as GIST. Conclusion Mesenteric fibromatosis is a rare tumor often mistaken for GIST. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry is the key as management of both the tumors differs.

There is currently a lack of evidence‐based guidance when determining surgical margins for small intestinal tumours in dogs. The purpose of this study is to help the surgeon make informed clinical decisions about margins when confronted with a small intestinal mass. Twenty‐seven canine small intestinal tumours were histologically diagnosed and then had further histological assessment at every centimeter from the edge of the palpable tumour to the surgical margin in oral, aboral and mesenteric directions. In all 10 carcinomas a 3 cm tissue margin in oral, aboral and mesenteric directions would have resulted in complete tumour resection. In all 11 sarcomas a 2 cm tissue margin in oral, aboral and mesenteric directions would have resulted in complete tumour resection. Five of the six intestinal lymphomas would have required tissue margins of 4 cm or more for complete resection. Of the 21 non‐lymphoma tumours assessed in this study, complete resection was achieved in all 21 (100%) with tissue margins at 3 cm from the palpable edge of the mass, 20 (95%) with tissue margins at 2 cm from the palpable edge of the mass, and 16 (76%) with tissue margins at 1 cm from the palpable edge of the mass in oral and aboral directions. All non‐lymphoma canine small intestinal masses will be completely resected when tissue margins are 3 cm from the palpable edge of the mass in oral and aboral directions after fixation in formalin.

Seminoma is a germ cell tumor which accounts for approximately 40% of all germ cell tumors. Testicular seminoma is usually localized to the testis, and in 25% of cases, lymph node metastasis is seen. However, rarely, it can metastasize to visceras. We report a rare case of metastatic seminoma in a 40-year-old male who presented with renal and intestinal mass 2 years after orchidectomy.

Simple Summary Concern about the use of antimicrobial compounds in livestock production has promoted research of “generally recognized as safe” additive alternatives. Probiotics (living microorganisms) and prebiotics (certain type of carbohydrates derived from yeast) have been shown to alleviate the negative effects of stress and boost immunity, thereby enhancing efficiency of energy utilization. In some regions (i.e., tropical and arid zones), livestock experience adverse climatic conditions, including elevated ambient temperature and humidity, which affect their productivity. Supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics may help to alleviate these adverse effects. In the present study, supplemental probiotics or/and prebiotics improved dietary energetic efficiency in lambs finished under subtropical climatic conditions. The combination of probiotics with prebiotics reinforced this positive effect. Abstract The aim of this trial was to test the effects of the use of eubiotics (pro- and prebiotics) alone or in combination in the diet of lambs finished under subtropical climate conditions. For this purpose, 40 Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs (29.5 ± 4.8 kg initial live weight) were used in a 93 day growth-performance experiment. Dietary treatments consisted of a cracked corn-based finishing diet supplemented with (1) no eubiotics (control), (2) 3 g of probiotics (live Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SC), (3) 3 g of prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharide plus b-glucans, MOS), and (4) a combination of 1.5 g of SC and 1.5 g of MOS (SC+MOS). Throughout the study, the average temperature humidity index (THI) was 78.60. Compared to controls, supplementation with SC or MOS, alone did not affect average daily gain (ADG), but enhanced feed efficiency by 5.6% and 6.9% (gain-to-feed ratio, G:F) and dietary net energy by 4.6% and 5.9%, respectively. Compared to controls, SC+MOS enhanced ADG (10%), G:F (9.5%), and dietary net energy (7.2%). Lambs fed SC+MOS had also greater ADG, G:F, and dietary net energy compared to lambs fed SC alone. When compared to MOS, the combination enhanced ADG (10.4%, p = 0.04). This effect could be attributed to the increased dry matter intake (7.6%, p = 0.06), as neither G:F nor dietary energy was significantly affected. Compared with controls and SC, supplementation with MOS alone and SC+MOS increased kidney–pelvic–heart fat, while SC supplementation tended (p = 0.08) to reduce 4.1% the relative intestinal mass (as a proportion of empty body weight) when compared to controls. Treatment effects on the other carcass measures were not significant. In the present study, supplemental probiotics and/or prebiotics improved dietary energetic efficiency in lambs finished under subtropical climatic conditions. The combination of probiotics with prebiotics reinforced this positive effect.

Image processing is a field of which its popularity increases and continues and, that grows dynamically with new technologies. Nowadays, image processing finds itself in use in almost every field. One of these uses is undoubtedly in the field of medicine, where diagnosis and treatment planning are made from images and, which is constantly changing with newly developed techniques. Of course, the most important factor in using this so widely in the medical field is the acquisition of images on every medical field. With the help of these images, the complaints can be seen more easily and the doctor can follow a path in the treatment of the disease. In our study, we used the Region Growing segmentation method to detect the intestinal mass. This study compares the area determined by the specialist with the area obtained with the segmentation process and, it is seen that the created software system can be used as an auxiliary system to specialist doctors.

Resume Les troubles digestifs chroniques sont un motif de consultation frequent chez les carnivores domestiques. De nombreux examens complementaires sont a la disposition des veterinaires afin d’etayer les hypotheses diagnostiques telles que les analyses sanguines, l’imagerie medicale, l’endoscopie et la chirurgie. La prise en charge de ces troubles digestifs doit etre systematisee afin de reduire les hypotheses diagnostiques au fur et a mesure. L’echographie abdominale est un outil de premiere intention, incontournable dans l’exploration des troubles digestifs chroniques. Le praticien doit veiller a respecter la bonne sequence des examens, ne pas surinterpreter une presentation clinique ou une image echographique, voire un aspect macroscopique. La lymphangite lipogranulomateuse est une inflammation des vaisseaux lymphatiques et des tissus avoisinants qui peut etre observee chez les patients souffrant de lymphangiectasie et d’enteropathie exsudative. L’objectif de ce travail est de mettre l’emphase sur l’importance d’une approche diagnostique systematique et de faire le point actuel sur la lymphangite lipogranulomateuse, affection rare qui doit etre listee dans le diagnostic differentiel des masses intestinales. Nous rapportons ici le cas d’un bouledogue francais de 6 ans presente pour troubles digestifs chroniques, avec une lesion ileale focale a l’echographie et dont l’analyse histologique a mis en evidence une lymphangite lipogranulomateuse.

The ectopic pancreas is a rare entity, characterized by the presence of pancreatic islets in different locations of the gastrointestinal tract. Its clinical manifestations are nonspecific and it is often diagnosed incidentally in imaging tests or intraoperatively. Its management is controversial, since its malignancy is infrequent; however, its resection is recommended in the case of a casual intraoperative finding to establish the definitive histological diagnosis. Therefore, the ectopic pancreas should be included in the differential diagnosis of intestinal masses.

OBJECTIVE: To describe modifications to the lateral orbitotomy for surgical excision of tumors affecting the frontal, parietal, palatine, or temporal bones. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMAL: A 5‐year‐old female spayed American pit bull terrier. METHODS: The dog presented for excision of a bone tumor affecting the right frontal and parietal bones. A modified lateral orbitotomy was performed with combined partial zygomatic arch and vertical ramus ostectomies to increase working space and allow drilling of the calvarium ventral to the mass. RESULTS: The dog tolerated the procedure well, and there were no complications from either the ostectomies or the craniectomy. Histopathological examination was consistent with complete excision of an osteoma. The dog survived 2 years with no recurrence and was euthanized due to an intestinal mass. CONCLUSION: The lateral orbitotomy approach can be modified with combined partial zygomatic arch and vertical ramus ostectomies to increase exposure and working space for resection of tumors affecting the frontal, parietal, palatine, or temporal bones.

Intestinal failure (IF) occurs when a person's functional intestinal mass is insufficient. Patients with IF are placed on parenteral nutrition (PN) while efforts are made to restore intestinal function through surgical or medical intervention. Patients who fail standard IF therapies may be candidates for intestinal transplantation (IT). Clinical outcomes for IT have improved to make this therapy the standard of care for patients who develop complications of PN. The timing of referral for IT is critical because accumulated complications of PN can render the patient ineligible for IT or can force the patient to await multiorgan transplantation.

We aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal nutrition (MN) and foetal sex on the intestinal development of bovine foetuses throughout different days of gestation (DG). Forty-four multiparous, dry Holstein 9 Gyr cows with average initial body weight of 480 Æ 10 kg were fed the same diet of either restricted feeding at 1.15% of body weight (CO, n = 24) or fed ad libitum (overnourished, ON, n = 20). Six cows from CO group and five cows from ON group were slaughtered at 139, 199, 241 and 268 DG, and foetuses were necropsied to evaluate the intestinal development. The mass, length and density of foetal intestines were not affected by MN (p ≥ 0.260). An interaction between MN and DG was observed for the villi length of jejunum (p = 0.006) and ileum (p < 0.001). Villi length of jejunum and ileum was higher (p < 0.10) in foetuses from ON-fed cows than in foe- tuses from CO-fed cows at 139 DG. However, at 199 DG, the villi length of jejunum and ileum of foetuses from CO-fed cows was higher than in foetuses from ON-fed cows. Despite these differences, MN did not affect the villi length of jejunum and ileum at 268 DG (p > 0.10). Female foetuses had greater small intestine mass (p = 0.093), large intestine mass (p = 0.022), small intestine mass in proportion to body mass (p = 0.017) and large intestine mass in proportion to body mass (p < 0.001) than male foetuses. Female foetuses had also longer small intestine (p = 0.077) and greater small intestine density (p = 0.021) and villi length of jejunum (p = 0.001) and ileum (p = 0.010) than males. We conclude that MN affects the pathway for the development of foetal villi length throughout the gestation in bovine foetuses without changing the final villi length. Female foetuses had higher intestinal mass, density and villi length than males during the foetal phase in bovines.

An understanding of the digestive process could lead to the development of more functional foods to help combat the growing trend of food-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. To aid the understanding of food digestion mathematical modeling must be carried out—as well as in vivo experimentation—to highlight the most important factors that occur during digestion. Models available in literature consider simple gastric secretion mechanisms, or black-box gastric emptying approaches. For the small intestine, single and multiple compartment and plug flow models are considered when modeling the absorption of nutrients. These models only begin to consider how the composition of the foods will affect the transit and secretions controlled by the complex neural and hormonal systems that control the human digestive system. Which have been highlighted by in vitro and in vivo experimentation, for example, the effect of viscosity upon the gastric secretion or intestinal mass transfer.

We present a case of jejunal haematoma just distal to the origin of treitz ligament. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of this entity have not been widely reported. MR imaging was used for differential diagnosis between the intestinal mass and haematoma because of the unreliable history and unclear sonography findings. MRI clearly demonstrated jejunal haematoma and obstructed intestinal lumen. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Redgut is a condition of sheep characterised by sudden death. Post-mortem findings are reddened small and large intestines, which are usually displaced. Sheep are predisposed to the condition by a combination of circumstances, including a small rumenoreticulum because of the nature of the feed (usually highly digestible forage), and increased large intestinal size and function. To accommodate this, and because there is not a large rumenoreticulum to stabilise the gut position, the intestinal mass moves to an unstable position in the peritoneal cavity. Some unknown event precipitates a further change in intestinal position, resulting in accidental torsion of the intestinal mass, with resultant obstruction of the mesenteric blood vessels and death from shock. The condition can be prevented by careful attention to feeding regimes that prevent development of the predisposing feature of small forestomachs and an oversized large intestine, resulting in a displaced intestinal mass. This is achieved by intermittent grazing of dangerous pastures.

One of the most dramatic adaptations to lactation is a large increase in the size and complexity of maternal intestine. Although there are few data on changes in intestinal size, intestinal enlargement has been observed in many taxonomic groups. In this review I describe the morphological and physiological changes in the intestinal mass of lactating animals and discuss their functional significance. The observed increases maintain the digestive efficiency of the food, as well as insure adequate absorption of nutrients in the face of the increased energy demand that accompanies lactation. The extent of the increase in size is proportional to the increase in energy demand. It is clear that if the intestine did not accommodate during lactation mothers would not have the capacity to absorb the nutrients need to maintain their energy demand.

The effect of a hypercaloric cafeteria diet on the accumulative ability of small intestine palmitic acid transport in female Wistar rats was studied using everted intestinal slices. Cafeteria diet decreased jejunal and ileal absorption of palmitic acid per intestinal mass after obesity had developed. A link between gastrointestinal functions, feeding behavior, and the development of obesity induced by cafeteria diet is suggested.

In a previous study of lactating mice we experimentally varied litter size up to 26 pups. We found that mothers' food intake at peak lactation increased with litter size up to a maximum weanable litter size (14pups). That intake corresponded to a sustained metabolic scope (ratio of sustained to basal metabolic rate) of 7.2. Did that food intake represent a ceiling on intake and sustained metabolic rate, or would intake have increased even further if lactation had been extended (so that the mother mouse was still providing all the nourishment for her growing pups) beyond 15 d? To answer this question, we prolonged lactation to 24 d, using a cage with food at the top of a ladder that only the mother could climb. Pup and litter mass increased 39%-44%, but the mother's intestinal mass and uptake capacities for glucose and proline did not increase beyond their values at day 15. Food intake for mothers of either eight or 14 pups at day 24 was the same as reported for mothers of 14 pups at day 15. Thus, the obse...

The present study was conducted on 6 chronically ill Jersey/Red Sindhi cross-bred cows, which were suspected for intestinal obstruction on the basis of history and clinical signs. These cows were ultimately diagnosed with intestinal intussusception based on a combination of clinical, ultrasonographic and surgical examinations. “Bull’s eye lesion” was the most prominent ultrasonographic finding, diagnostic for intussusception either trans-abdominally or transrectally. Dilated intestinal loops greater than 3.1 cm (mean ± SE, 4.41 ± 0.25) were imaged in the lower flank and the 12th intercostal space on the right side. Ultrasonography proved to be a useful tool in supplementing and substantiating the transrectal findings in cases of the bovine intestinal intussusception. However, ultrasonography was not significantly helpful where transrectal examination of the cows did not reveal any suspected intestinal mass.

Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrom (MMIHS) is a quite rare congenital and fatal disease which was firstly defined by Berdon and his colleagues. It appears through a widely enlarged bladder and microcolon and its cause is unknown (Berdon et al., 1976; Carmelo et al., 2005; Makhija et al., 1999; Loening-Baucke and Kimura 1999; Redman et al., 1984; Hsu et al., 2003; Yigit et al., 1996; Srikanth et al., 1993). The disease is found in females three or four times more than in males (Srikanth et al., 1993; Sen et al., 1993; Hirato et al., 2003). Most of the cases die within the early months of their lives (Yigit et al., 1996; Srikanth et al., 1993; Sen et al., 1993; Hirato et al., 2003). We present the case of a female newborn with antenatal ultrasound revealing intestinal mass and bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. The case was admitted for intestinal obstruction after birth. Copyright (C) 2009 Mehmet Melek et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

El artículo expone el caso de un gato macho doméstico, pelicorto, castrado, de tres años y medio de edad, con un plan sanitario vigente, que presenta pérdida de peso y signología digestiva. Luego de hacérsele las pruebas diagnósticas necesarias, se encontró que presentaba una masa intestinal y era positivo a leucemia viral felina; después del diagnóstico, y por petición de los propietarios, se le aplicó la eutanasia. Posterior a la necropsia y del resultado de histopatología, se encontró que la masa intestinal se trataba de un linfoma linfocítico difuso, presumiblemente de células B con metástasis en linfonódulos mesentéricos y en el hígado.

The postprandial morphological changes of the intestinal epithelium of Burmese pythons were examined using fasting pythons and at eight time points after feeding. In fasting pythons, tightly packed enterocytes possess very short microvilli and are arranged in a pseudostratified fashion. Enterocyte width increases by 23% within 24 h postfeeding, inducing significant increases in villus length and intestinal mass. By 6 days postfeeding, enterocyte volume had peaked, following as much as an 80% increase. Contributing to enterocyte hypertrophy is the cellular accumulation of lipid droplets at the tips and edges of the villi of the proximal and middle small intestine, but which were absent in the distal small intestine. At 3 days postfeeding, conventional and environmental scanning electron microscopy revealed cracks and lipid extrusion along the narrow edges of the villi and at the villus tips. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the rapid postprandial lengthening of enterocyte microvilli, increasing 4.8-fold in length within 24 h, and the maintaining of that length through digestion. Beginning at 24 h postfeeding, spherical particles were found embedded apically within enterocytes of the proximal and middle small intestine. These particles possessed an annular-like construction and were stained with the calcium-stain Alizarine red S suggesting that they were bone in origin. Following the completion of digestion, many of the postprandial responses were reversed, as observed by the atrophy of enterocytes, the shortening of villi, and the retraction of the microvilli. Further exploration of the python intestine will reveal the underlying mechanisms of these trophic responses and the origin and fate of the engulfed particles.

A 7-year-old, West Highland White Terrier had a 5-month history of diarrhea, dysorexia, and weight loss. Sonographically, there was a focal area of intestinal thickening with loss of layering. A neoplastic or severe inflammatory condition was suspected and intestinal lymphangiectasia was diagnosed histopathologically. This patient seems to be the first description of intestinal lymphangiectasia appearing as an intestinal mass.

During northward migration, blackcaps that arrive to refuel at stopover sites in Israel's Negev Desert have reduced masses of organs that are important in food digestion and assimilation. We tested several predictions from the general hypothesis that smaller organs of digestion (small intestine and pancreas) and nutrient assimilation (liver) bring about a lower capacity to consume food and that the organs must be restored before blackcaps can feed and digest at a high rate. We used a fasting protocol to create a group of blackcaps with reduced intestine and liver mass (reduced by 45% and 36%, respectively) compared with controls fed ad lib. Because most of the small intestine's biochemical digestive capacity reside in enterocytes found on villi, we predicted and found that reduced intestinal mass in fasted blackcaps related mainly to changes in enterocytes rather than other cells and tissues such as nonabsorptive crypt cells or underlying muscle. Because migrating blackcaps that stop over to feed begin to increase in body mass only 2 d after arrival, we predicted and found a similar recovery period in blackcaps that were first fasted but then refed--the organ mass, structure, function, and ability to consume food was restored after 2 d of feeding. Another group of food-restricted blackcaps (fed at one-third ad lib. level) lost similar amounts of body mass as fasted blackcaps but had much greater capacity to consume food than fasted blackcaps, and so we predicted that they would exhibit little or no reduction in alimentary organs relative to controls fed ad lib. A surprising result was that, as in fasted blackcaps, in food-restricted blackcaps, the decreases in masses of small intestine, liver, and pancreas were proportionally greater than the decreases in body mass or in masses of nonalimentary organs (heart, pectoralis). Food restriction, like fasting, caused a decrease in amount of intestinal mucosa and an alteration in the phenotype of enterocytes. These results are thus not consistent with the general hypothesis, and although they can be rationalized by assuming that blackcaps fed ad lib. have excess digestive capacity, it may also be that the physiological process or processes limiting very high feeding rate lie elsewhere than in the digestive system.

DIAGNOSIS, THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS OF THE INTESTINAL MESENTERIC TORSION IN CATTLE Twisting of the intestinal mass around the cranial root of the mesentery occurs suddenly and the course is peracute. For the present study 100 cases seen between 1985 and October 1991 were evaluated. Article in German, English and Spanish summaries in PDF., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 1

Factors, such as insulin, found in human and pig colostrum and mature milk likely influence small intestinal growth and development. Although pharmacologic doses of insulin injected parenterally may accelerate small intestinal development in altricial animals such as the rodent, the effects of oral insulin on intestinal development have not been studied. In the first of two studies, we randomized 2-d-old miniature piglets to receive bottle-feedings of a swine weaning milk formula with (group F + I) or without (group F) the addition of insulin. Serum glucose, insulin, and cortisol were measured before and 1 h after the first feeding the piglets received at our facility. In the second study, piglets were randomized (groups F and F + I) and fed for 6 d, after which blood samples were obtained as in the first experiment. The piglets were then killed and the small intestine removed for analysis. We found no differences between groups in serum glucose, insulin, and cortisol at both 2 and 8 d of age, both before and after feeding. In the second experiment, small intestinal weight was greater in the F + I than in the F group. Although no differences were noted between groups in the jejunum, values were greater for group F + I versus group F for ileal mucosal weight, protein, RNA, lactase, and maltase activities. No differences were found between groups in ileal DNA or sucrase activity. We conclude that the administration of oral insulin stimulated an increase in ileal mass and disaccharidase activity in the newborn miniature pig without apparent concomitant changes in serum glucose, insulin, or cortisol.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to determine the diagnostic utility of EUS-FNA of extra intestinal mass lesions and intramural GI tumors, and to assess its impact on patient management.

Previous studies have demonstrated that a variety of conditions that result in an increase in food intake lead to an increase in small-intestinal cholesterol synthesis. In the present study, it was determined whether hyperphagia induces an increase in cholesterol synthesis in segments of the small intestine excluded from contact with the food stream and whether this increase would occur in bypassed segments of the proximal or mid-small intestine. In hyperphagic diabetic rats, cholesterol synthesis is increased 91% in the proximal portion of the small intestine excluded from contact with nutrients. In lactating rats, another model of hyperphagia, cholesterol synthesis is increased 2.4-fold in midintestinal segments excluded from contact with the food stream and 2.9-fold in segments of the proximal intestine that have been bypassed. These observations demonstrate that the hyperphagia-induced increase in small-intestinal cholesterol synthesis will occur in portions of the small intestine, even if contact with the food stream is prevented. In addition, this data demonstrated that the mass of the bypassed portion of the small intestine is increased in hyperphagic animals. In diabetic animals, the weight of the bypassed proximal intestine is increased 2.1-fold, whereas in lactating animals the mass is increased 50% in the bypassed midintestine and 74% in the bypassed proximal small intestine. In conclusion, the present study suggests that circulating or neurologic factors, or both, play a role in stimulating intestinal cholesterol synthesis in hyperphagic animals. These findings also suggest that indirect factors play a role in the increase in intestinal mass associated with hyperphagia.

The absorption rates of two model drugs, salicylate and antipyrine, from the small intestines of rats deprived of food for various periods of time were compared with rats fed ad libitum. Fasting reduced the absorption rate constants for both drugs with the salicylate rates being depressed more severely than the rates for antipyrine. Intestinal mass studies showed that the weight/length ratio of the rat intestine is progressively decreased as fasting is prolonged up to 96 hr. The intestinal weight loss was much more pronounced than the total body weight loss. The loss in intestinal weight and the observed decrease in drug absorption rate are believed to be related to the inhibition of intestinal cell proliferation due to fasting, resulting in a decreased absorptive surface and reduced mucosal cell viability.

Three groups of rats were fed, respectively, a chemically defined diet intragastrically (IG), an equivalent diet intravenously (IV) and solid food orally (CH) for 8 days, and their small intestines and colons compared. All received equal calories. The small intestine was divided into equal proximal (A), middle (B), and distal (C) segments for measurements. Mucosal weight per cm in segments A and B of IG were, respectively, 65 and 38% higher than in IV (P less than 0.01), but 27 and 33% lower than in CH (P less than 0.01). However, in the distal segment, C, mucosal weight in IG was similar to IV and CH was 79% higher (P less than 0.01). DNA and protein followed the same pattern. Segment A sucrase activities were similar in CH and IG and were much higher than in IV (P less than 0.01). Sucrase in IG dropped very rapidly distally so that it became much lower than in CH (P less than 0.05) and similar to IV. Mucosal weight, DNA, and protein in the colon were not significantly different in IG and IV, which were both significantly lower than in CH (P less than 0.01). The results indicate that a chemically defined diet maintains intestinal mass well in the proximal small intestine, but the effect diminishes rapidly in a distal direction so that distal small intestine and colon become atrophied and similar to those in intravenous feeding.

Apolipoprotein A-I was studied in biopsy specimens from the duodenojejunal junction by means of an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. In normal control subjects apolipoprotein A-I was immunohistochemically detected only in the absorptive cells at the tips of villi and was mainly localized supranuclearly. In 14 patients with coeliac disease apolipoprotein A-I was virtually undetectable. This implies that the inflammatory lesion in coeliac disease decreases the intestinal mass of apolipoprotein A-I, because it destroys the villous absorptive cells. Apolipoprotein A-I concentrations in plasma were also decreased (by 40%) in patients with coeliac disease, suggesting that the intestine has a role in maintaining plasma apolipoprotein A-I levels.

The effect of hot- and cold-burn trauma on small intestinal mass in mice has been examined. Hot-burn but not cold-burn caused a significant reduction in the intestinal mass 24 hours after application of the trauma. These data may suggest that the alterations produced in the small intestine associated with hot-burn injury, are related, in part, to factors released from the skin.

For experiments of short duration (6 to 8 hours), total evisceration of a dog may be done successfully by the following simple method, which brings about nearly the same conditions as hepatectomy without the complicated series of operations leading up to the final stage.Under very light ether anesthesia an incision is made from the xiphoid to a point half way from the umbilicus to the symphysis. The pelvic colon is clamped, ligated and cut, the ligature including enough mesentery to stop the inferior mesentery vessel. The distal end is not inverted. The entire intestinal mass is then delivered and a thin transparent mesentery can be cut, without clamping, to the level of the pancreas, where another set of vessels is met and clamped, the line of cleavage being close to the aorta. The choledochus, hepatic vessels and portal vein are next clamped en masse and the cardiac end of the stomach transfixed and ligated.The entire mass of viscera can then be rapidly cut loose with one sweep of the knife. A heavy mas...