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Abstract Low serum 25(OH)D levels (

Abstract Background Understanding the impact of national public expenditure and its allocation on child mortality may help governments move towards target 3.2 proposed in the 2030 Agenda. The objective of this study was to estimate the impacts of governmental expenditures, total, on health, and on other sectors, on neonatal mortality and mortality of children aged between 28 days and five years. Methods This study has an ecological design with a population of 147 countries, with data between 2012 and 2019. Two steps were used: first, the Generalized Propensity Score of public spending was calculated; afterward, the Generalized Propensity Score was used to estimate the expenditures’ association with mortality rates. The primary outcomes were neonatal mortality rates (NeoRt) and mortality rates in children between 28 days and 5 years (NeoU5Rt). Results The 1% variation in Int$ Purchasing Power Parity (Int$ PPP) per capita in total public expenditures, expenditure in health, and in other sectors were associated with a variation of -0.635 (95% CI -1.176, -0.095), -2.17 (95% CI -3.051, -1.289) -0.632 (95% CI -1.169, -0.095) in NeoRt, respectively The same variation in public expenditures in sectors other than health, was associates with a variation of -1.772 (95% CI -6.219, -1.459) on NeoU5Rt. The results regarding the impact of total and health public spending on NeoU5Rt were not consistent. Conclusion Public investments impact mortality in children under 5 years of age. Likely, the allocation of expenditures between the health sector and the other social sectors will have different impacts on mortality between the NeoRt and the NeoU5Rt.

Objective: To identify the association between individual and socioeconomic factors during the first thousand days of the child's life and the occurrence of risk behaviors for the development of malocclusions. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study. A sample of 655 6-year-old schoolchildren and families was included. Interviews with mothers were performed at home. The dependent variables were risk behaviors to the development of malocclusions. Independent variables were socioeconomic conditions, aspects of gestation, birth and health of the child up to two years of age. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed through Poisson regression. Results: Maternal education of less than eight years was independently associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding until the fourth month (PR=1.58 CI 95%; 1.07; 2.37). Occupation of the mother with income [PR=1.26; 1.02; 1.56)], occupation of the father without income [PR=1.46 (1.01; 2.14)] were associated fwith interruption of breastfeeding until the sixth month. Pregnancy in adolescence [PR=0.83 (0.70; 0.98)] and nursery attendance [PR=1.15 (1.02; 1.28)] were associated with bottle use. Nursery attendance [PR=1.27 (1.01; 1.59)], hospitalization in the first 29 days of life [PR=1.34 (1.01; 1.80)], occurrence of reflux [PR=1.30 (1.01; 1.70)] were associated with pacifier using. Conclusion: Variables related to the period of the first thousand days of life are associated with higher risk behaviors for the occurrence of malocclusions.

Introduction: Functional disabilities are more prevalent in older adults with multimorbidity and depression. However, few studies have investigated the combination of multimorbidity and depression with functional disability. This study aims to verify whether symptoms of depression and multimorbidity combined increase the prevalence of functional disability in Brazilian older adults.Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) baseline examination in 2015–2016 in adults aged 50 years and older. The variables included were basic (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), depressive symptoms, multimorbidity (≥2 chronic diseases), sociodemographic variables, and lifestyle. Logistic regression was performed to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios.Results: A total of 7,842 participants over 50 years of age were included. Of these, 53.5% were women and 50.5% were between 50 and 59 years old, 33.5% reported ≥4 depressive symptoms, 51.4% had multimorbidity, 13.5% reported difficulty in performing at least one BADL, and 45.1% reported difficulty in performing the IADL. In the adjusted analysis, the prevalence of difficulty on BADL was 6.52 (95% CI: 5.14; 8.27) and on IADL was 2.34 (95% CI: 2.15; 2.55), higher for those with depression and multimorbidity combined when compared with those without these conditions.Conclusion: The combination of symptoms of depression and multimorbidity may increase functional impairments in the BADL and IADL of Brazilian older adults, impairing self-efficacy, independence, and autonomy. Early detection of these factors benefits the person, their family, and the healthcare system for health promotion and disease prevention.

Abstract Background Increased circulating endocannabinoids levels are typically associated with aerobic exercise. This phenomenon is associated with a “runner’s high,” a state of euphoria and well-being experienced after a long exercise. We will provide in this review a transparent and standardized methodology following the PRISMA-P and Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis for synthesizing the available evidence about the effects of physical activity on the circulating levels of AEA and 2-AG endocannabinoids in healthy subjects. Methods A multi-disciplinary team with basic and clinical expertise in exercise science developed this protocol. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus will be the databases. A health sciences librarian was consulted in the development of the research. Search strategies will combine MeSH terms and free text words, including “exercise,” “exercise, physical,” “exercise training,” “physical activity,” “endocannabinoids,” “2-arachidonoyl-glycerol,” “glyceryl 2-arachidonate,” “2-AG,” “anandamide,” “AEA,” “n-arachidonoylethanolamide,” “adult,” “young adult,” and “middle-aged.” We will select experimental or quasi-experimental studies published through December 2021. The selection of studies, data extraction, assessment of the risk of bias, and the quality of evidence will be carried out in a paired and independent manner, and the consistency will be assessed using the statistics of Cohen Kappa. Methodological quality will be assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) and the Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) risk tool. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation to assess the quality of the evidence, χ 2 and I 2 tests for heterogeneity, funnel plots, and the Egger test for publication bias. A meta-analysis for each data comparison will be performed whenever possible to determine the effect of physical activity on endocannabinoids’ circulating levels. Discussion This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide an overview of the evidence about physical activity over AEA and 2-AG endocannabinoids, including comparability of variables between studies, critical interpretation of results, and use of accurate statistical techniques. The endocannabinoid is molecules by which muscles communicate with other tissues and organs, mediating the beneficial effects of exercise on health and performance, including increased glucose uptake, improved insulin action, and mitochondrial biogenesis. They are essential to exercise. Thus, this study will review the acute effect of physical exercise on circulating levels of endocannabinoids in healthy individuals. The results of this study will potentially be transferred to doctors, health professionals, and legislators to guide their decision making, as well as will improve future research. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020202886 .

Background: The aim of this study was to report the overall survival and baseline factors associated with OS for breast, cervical and ovarian cancer in Florianópolis, Southern Brazil, a region with quality-of-life indicators comparable to high-income countries. Methods: Cohort study was performed from probabilistic record linkage of the Mortality Information System and the Population-based cancer registry of Florianópolis. It was included breasts, cervical and ovarian cancer diagnosis during the period of 2008–2012 with a follow up of 60 months. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier method were used for associations with overall survival and risk factors. Findings: 1857 cases of the three malignancies were included in the analysis. We identified 202 deaths in breast cancer subjects, 53 for cervical cancer and 51 for ovarian cancer. Metastatic disease at diagnosis was present in 31%, 9.6%, and 55% of the cases, respectively. Overall survival was statistically correlated with age, educational level and stage for breast cancer; age and stage for cervical cancer; age and stage for ovarian cancer. Interpretation: Metastatic disease and age are the main prognostic factors for the malignancies studied, as they were associated with both overall survival and risk of death. Better screening and preventive tests for early diagnosis are needed. Funding: Support of Research and Innovation in the State of Santa Catarina, Research Program for the Unified Health System (FAPESC/MS-DECIT/CNPQ/SES-SC-PPSUS); the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq); and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar uma revisão de escopo a respeito dos efeitos adversos cardiovasculares e metabólicos associados ao uso de antipsicóticos em pessoas com o diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo utilizando-se da base de dados PubMed, com descritores MeSH relacionados às doenças cardiovasculares e antipsicóticos. Foram encontrados 976 artigos, os quais foram filtrados por títulos, seguidos dos resumos e, na sequência, lidos na íntegra. Ao final, foram selecionados 71 artigos para a análise. Resultados O uso de antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos para tratamento da esquizofrenia associa-se a alterações glicêmicas e lipídicas, síndrome metabólica, hipertensão, ganho de peso e morbidade cardiovascular. Os estudos evidenciaram a existência de subdiagnóstico e subtratamento de doenças crônicas nessa população. A mortalidade por doença cardiovascular demonstrou aumento considerável nos pacientes em tratamento com agentes antipsicóticos, em comparação com a população geral. Conclusão Alguns fatores dos antipsicóticos, ainda não completamente determinados na psicofarmacologia, vêm se mostrando relacionados a maior risco de distúrbios metabólicos, comportamentais e intrínsecos às pessoas diagnosticadas com esquizofrenia, os quais podem agravar o curso clínico de tais doenças. Reconhece-se a necessidade de aprimorar o acompanhamento e o diagnóstico de doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas entre pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia em tratamento com antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the probability of survival and prognostic factors for tobacco-related neoplasms in a population-based cohort. METHODS This is a cohort with data from the Population-Based Cancer Registry of Florianópolis, southern Brazil, from 2008 to 2012. The Stata 16.0 software was used to estimate the probabilities of survival in five years after diagnosis, by the Kaplan Meier method, and the risk of death, by the Cox regression. RESULTS A total of 2,829 cancer records related to smoking were included, more prevalent among males, over 70 years of age, nine years or more of schooling, white, with a partner and metastatic diagnosis. The most frequent groupings were colon and rectum (28.7%), trachea, bronchi and lungs (18.6%) and stomach (11.8%). At follow-up, 1,450 died. Pancreatic cancer had the worst probability of survival (14.3%), followed by liver cancer (19.4%). CONCLUSION Risk factors for death and survival rates differ across the 13 types of tobacco-related cancers. Early diagnosis and primary prevention are strategies that must be improved to improve survival and decrease the burden related to these types of cancer.

Resumo Introdução A queda pode causar graves problemas para os indivíduos, incluindo redução das atividades de vida diária e aumento do medo de andar e de sofrer outra queda, o que pode levar à hospitalização. Objetivo Analisar a tendência temporal de internações por quedas em idosos em Florianópolis, em Santa Catarina e no Brasil, no período de 2006 a 2014. Método Estudo de série temporal, com registros de internações por queda, oriundos do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde, em idosos residentes em Florianópolis, em Santa Catarina e no Brasil. Foi utilizado o programa Joinpoint para análise das tendências. Resultados Foram registradas 703.791 internações por quedas no Brasil, das quais 5% ocorreram em Santa Catarina e 0,3%, em Florianópolis. Houve tendência crescente no Brasil, de 2008 a 2014, e em Santa Catarina, de 2006 a 2014. Em Florianópolis, ocorreu aumento nas taxas, porém não significativo. Quando analisados os grupos etários, os idosos de 60 a 69 anos foram os que apresentaram as maiores taxas de internação. Conclusão Foi constatada tendência crescente de internação por quedas em idosos em Santa Catarina (2006-2014) e no Brasil (2008-2014). Idosos de 60 a 69 anos apresentaram as maiores taxas nos três territórios.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the variation of the premature mortality rate caused the group of the main chronic noncommunicable diseases. Method: This is a time-series ecological study, which used secondary data of the Mortality Information System, from 2006 to 2014, from the 26 federal units and from the Federal District. Deaths caused by circulatory system diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases were included. The trend of adjusted mortality rate was analyzed by segmented linear regression. Results: Premature mortality tended to be reduced in most states, except for Maranhão and Rio Grande do Norte, which presented a stable premature mortality rate. Bahia, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Roraima and all the states from the South, Southeast and Central-West Regions reached the goal of reducing 2% per year in premature mortality caused by main diseases. Conclusion: Most of the states showed a reduced mortality rate and are reaching the proposed target.

Resumo Introdução Os gastos em saúde têm sido uma preocupação mundial diante da escassez de recursos financeiros para o atendimento das demandas em saúde. Objetivo Analisar o gasto per capita com diagnóstico por imagem de alta complexidade e associação com variáveis sociodemográficas e estruturais no Brasil. Método Estudo ecológico observacional dos gastos com diagnóstico por imagem utilizando os registros do Sistema de Informação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), com análise de regressão com modelos generalizados de efeitos mistos, de 2008 a 2017, por macrorregiões de saúde, de acordo com as variáveis: PIB per capita, população, taxa de médicos, taxa de equipamentos em uso no SUS e cobertura pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Resultados Na análise descritiva dos dados, foi observado aumento dos gastos com diagnóstico por imagem de alta complexidade. Foi identificada correlação positiva entre o gasto e as variáveis taxa de médicos, taxa de equipamentos em uso no SUS e PIB, bem como correlação negativa com a cobertura pela ESF. Conclusão A relação entre ampliação da cobertura pela ESF e diminuição no gasto com diagnóstico por imagem de alta complexidade se apresentou como importante indicador no direcionamento das políticas públicas e de recursos. Assim, macrorregiões com maiores taxas do PIB e de médicos tendem a ter gastos mais elevados com diagnóstico por imagem de alta complexidade.

Objective: to analyze the profile of smokers undergoing treatment and the factors associated with smoking cessation and smoking cessation in a municipal programo of treatment. Method: cross-sectional study carried out in Araranguá, state of Santa Catarina, with 109 people from the Tobacco Control Program, between March and December of the year 2018. Sociodemographic and health information, including depressive symptoms, impulsivity and coping skills, were collected. Descriptive and inferential analyzes were carried out. Results: 40.4% of the participants abandoned the treatment, group that obtained the highest mean for impulsivity. The main reasons reported for abandoning treatment were: “being well without smoking”, work-related situations and withdrawal symptoms. It was observed that 7.64% quit smoking and 93.8% had mild dependence on nicotine. Conclusion: although abandonment is high, some remained in cessation. Those aged 49 years or less were significantly more abandoned and nicotine addiction is a significant impediment to cessation.

Resumo Introdução Exames complementares podem contribuir para a compreensão da etiologia de agravos à saúde de idosos. Objetivo Descrever os aspectos operacionais e protocolos referentes à coleta, análise e armazenamento de material biológico, exames de imagem e capacidade físico-funcional. Método Estudo longitudinal, de base populacional, com 604 idosos (≥ 60 anos) do estudo EpiFloripa Idoso, em 2014. Foram coletados dados de material biológico, composição corporal, densitometria óssea, ultrassonografia da espessura íntima média das artérias carótidas, força de preensão manual e a atividade física. Resultados A taxa de resposta foi de 50,4%. Houve perda de seguimento em relação à faixa etária, estado cognitivo e atividades de vida diária. Os indivíduos que realizaram os exames eram mais novos, trabalhavam no momento da entrevista, ingeriam álcool, eram fisicamente ativos. Além de apresentarem menor grau de dependência, ausência de déficit cognitivo, ausência de sintomas depressivos e ausência de dificuldade na mobilidade. Conclusão Espera-se que a descrição das rotinas aplicadas possa auxiliar no desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas semelhantes em grupos de idosos. Assim, poderá ser acompanhado o processo de envelhecimento da população, seus fatores de risco e proteção.

Background Fibrinogen is an important biomarker of inflammation, but findings from longitudinal studies that correlated fibrinogen with lung function in older adults are inconsistent. Aim To investigate the relationship between fibrinogen plasma levels and lung function impairment later in life. Methods Longitudinal analysis of 2,150 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) aged 50 years and older. Associations between changes in plasma fibrinogen between waves 2 (2004–05) and 4 (2008–09) and lung function in wave 6 (2012–13) were performed using multiple linear regression adjusted by potential confounders. Results Regarding the fibrinogen profile, 18.5% of the participants presented higher levels in both waves. In the adjusted models, the maintenance of high fibrinogen levels was associated with a significant reduction of lung function only for men. FEV1 showed a reduction of 0.17L, FVC of 0.22L, and the percentages predicted were 5.16% for FEV1 and 6.21% for FVC compared to those that maintained normal levels of fibrinogen. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study investigating the relationship between changes in fibrinogen levels over a long follow-up period and lung function in older adults without pre-existing chronic diseases. ELSA has information on critical demographic and clinical parameters, which allowed to adjust for potential confounding factors. Conclusion It was found that the persistence of high levels of plasma fibrinogen in older English men, but not women, is associated with lung function decline. Therefore, plasma fibrinogen showed to be an important biomarker of pulmonary dysfunction in this population.

Resumo: Introdução: Os desafios impostos pela pandemia da Covid-19 à educação médica exigem novas estratégias pedagógicas para a formação de profissionais éticos, humanistas, críticos e reflexivos. Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias pedagógicas para a educação médica implementadas durante a pandemia da Covid-19 em diferentes países do mundo. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura acadêmica indexada em bases de dados internacionais, de acordo com a metodologia scoping review. As informações foram coletadas nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Web of Science e Scopus. Utilizaram-se as palavras-chave “Education, Medical” AND “Pandemics” OR “Coronavirus Infections”. Encontraram-se 1.350 artigos, dos quais 27 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram analisados. Resultados: Identificou-se que as estratégias pedagógicas para a educação médica durante a pandemia da Covid-19 são centradas no ensino remoto, com a utilização de plataformas digitais de educação a distância por meio da internet e da tecnologia. A literatura reconheceu a necessidade de envolvimento dos professores com o processo pedagógico, o planejamento das atividades e a identificação das plataformas digitais apropriadas. Não há consenso sobre a inserção dos estudantes nas atividades práticas. Os estudos evidenciaram a existência da educação a distância mesmo antes da pandemia e vinculação com a prática da telemedicina. A necessidade de os currículos de Medicina incluírem disciplinas de gerenciamento de pandemia com foco na saúde pública também foi identificado. Conclusão: As experiências encontradas estão concentradas em países de alta renda e desenvolvidos e são dependentes da internet e das tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Identificaram-se omissões acerca das limitações e fragilidades dessa nova estratégia pedagógica, especialmente a falta de acesso universal e igualitário aos meios digitais, a desconsideração de realidades minoritárias e subdesenvolvidas e a desvalorização das relações interpessoais essenciais à formação médica.

A presença de padrões de multimorbidade tem sido relacionada à incapacidade funcional nas atividades básicas (ABVD) e instrumentais (AIVD) de vida diária, que são essenciais ao autocuidado e autonomia do idoso. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi estimar a associação dos padrões de multimorbidade com a presença de incapacidade funcional em idosos brasileiros. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, utilizando dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS 2013), realizada com idosos brasileiros (≥ 60 anos). As medidas de incapacidade funcional foram provenientes de questionários autorreferidos, categorizadas em atividades básicas de vida diária (ABVD) e atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVD). Os padrões de multimorbidade analisados foram: (1) cardiorespiratório; (2) vascular-metabólico; e (3) mental-musculoesquelético. As variáveis de ajuste incluíram idade, sexo, anos de estudo e região do país. Foram realizadas análises de regressão logística multivariável, estimando-se as odds ratio (OR) brutas e ajustadas, pelo software Stata 16.0. Os idosos classificados nos padrões mental-musculoesquelético tiveram maiores chances de ter incapacidade nas ABVD (OR = 2,72; IC95%: 2,33; 3,18), enquanto aqueles com padrão cardiopulmonar mostraram maiores chances de incapacidade nas AIVD (OR = 2,65; IC95%: 1,95; 3,60), quando comparados aos que não tinham os mesmos padrões de acometimento. Concluiu-se que todos os padrões de multimorbidade analisados foram associados à presença de incapacidade nas ABVD e AIVD e, assim, devem ser considerados no planejamento das ações para prevenção de incapacidades em idosos com multimorbidades.

Abstract Introduction Motorcycles accidents are responsible for most of the injuries due to external causes and consequent high hospitalization rates. Objective This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend in motorcycle accident morbidity among young male adults in the State of Santa Catarina. Methods This is an ecological study on motorcycle accident morbidity in men aged 20 to 39 years in the State of Santa Catarina between 1998 and 2012. Data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System were used in the study. Specific hospital morbidity rates adjusted for age, age group and geographical region, were calculated to analyze the temporal trend in the State through regression model estimates obtained using the Joinpoint program. Results A total of 19.889 hospital admissions for motorcycle accidents occurred in the State of Santa Catarina in the period studied, with a significant increase of 10.9% per year. In the studied age groups, the 20-29 year old group increased 9.7% per year, whilst the 30-39 year old group increased 13.7%. Except for Foz do Rio Itajaí, all geographical regions of the state showed a significant increase of morbidity. Conclusion There has been an increasing trend of morbidity for motorcycle accidents in State of Santa Catarina. These results show the need for improvement of policies to reduce the causes of this type of accident.

This study aimed to investigate the anthropometric and cardiovascular profile of participants in a health promotion program in the city of Araranguá (Santa Catarina, Brazil), as well as, their levels of physical activity. A cross-sectional study was carried out from July to December of 2015. Data collection was performed within 323 individuals aged between 18 and 90 years, and a high prevalence of overweight and obesity (70.5%) and Hypertension (43.3%) was observed. The risk factors converge to the most prevalent in the population, being overweight and hypertensive. This survey helps in the definition of new promotion and prevention programs, besides strengthening the health strategies of the municipality.

Objective: To determine the association between nutritional status and demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health condition factors in the elderly. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study, held in 2009, with 1705 elderly in Florianópolis. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index. We analyzed the data using a multinomial logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of under- and overweight was 7.7% and 56.8% in women, respectively, and 9.9% and 44.9% in men. In women, being overweight was associated with being insufficiently active, three or more comorbidities, and disability in daily living activities. In men, underweight was associated with being single, less educated, and lack of Internet use, whereas overweight was associated with lower incomes, being a former smoker, moderate/severe disability, and poorer health perception. In men 80 years of age or older, income in the third quartile and smoking were associated with low and overweight, respectively. Conclusions: In women, nutritional status was associated with modifiable lifestyle habits, chronic diseases and disabilities. In men, it was related to sociodemographic factors. Thus, strategies to maintain the nutritional status of women and men must be differentiated. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2016.22093

Objective: To determine pain intensity and functional disability in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain.Method: Cross-sectional study with 90 nursing workers of a public hospital conducted between August and October 2017. The Roland Morris Questionnaire and Visual Numerical Scale were used. Bivariate analyzes, Pearson or Spearman correlations and Anova test for comparison of means were performed. Result: Pain intensity was moderate and associated with Body Mass Index and limitation in activities of daily living and reduction of work productivity. Functional disability was low and related to having more than one nursing job and aged 41- 50 years.Conclusion: Low back pain intensity and functional disability were associated with work and individual factors. The identification of these factors may favor the implementation of preventive measures and guide more accurate and specific rehabilitation interventions. The relationship between the intensity of pain and disability was significant, positive and moderate.

Resumo Introdução Problemas de ordem social, prejuízo na capacidade funcional e isolamento são características afetadas pelas condições do local onde o idoso reside. Assim, o objetivo do artigo é verificar as diferenças sociodemográficas e de saúde em idosos residentes em áreas predominantemente rural e urbana da Grande Florianópolis, no Estado de Santa Catarina. Métodos Foram analisados estudos de base populacional: Saúde-AC em Antônio Carlos (477 idosos) e EpiFloripa Idoso em Florianópolis (1.705 idosos). As variáveis foram comparadas por intervalo de confiança. Resultados Em Antônio Carlos, as maiores prevalências e diferenças foram para: baixa escolaridade (97%), casados, viúvos, trabalham atualmente, percepção de saúde igual ou pior quando comparada a idosos da mesma idade e risco cardiovascular substancialmente aumentado (64%). Enquanto as menores prevalências foram para: fumantes, dependência em uma a três atividades (6%) e déficit cognitivo (10%). Em Florianópolis, houve maior prevalência de renda alta e de possuir plano de saúde (66%). Conclusão Os dados possibilitaram identificar as diferentes condições socioeconômicas e demandas de saúde. As informações podem colaborar para implementar ações específicas para os idosos considerando as características socioeconômicas do local onde vivem.

Abstract Objective: To estimate the incidence of community-acquired infections of the lower respiratory tract and the risk factors associated with its occurrence in infants, in their first year of life. Methods: A prospective cohort study of infants who were followed up during the first 12 months of life. Interviews were conducted with their mothers, and children were clinically monitored bimonthly to investigate the occurrence of the incidence density of community-acquired infections of the lower respiratory tract. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the crude and adjusted relative risk of the variables associated with the outcome. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 26 years, 62% of them had more than 11 years of schooling, and 23.5 were at risk of social exclusion regarding economic income. The incidence density of pneumonia and bronchiolitis were, respectively, 0.51 and 3.10 episodes per 100 children-months. Children who had low birth weight (

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os fatores associados à autopercepção de saúde positiva de idosos longevos (80+). Estudo transversal conduzido no município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, com 239 idosos participantes do EpiFloripa Idoso. Foram aplicados instrumentos de coleta para verificar dados sociodemográficos e econômicos, autorrelato do estado de saúde, quedas e estilo de vida. Para identificar os fatores associados à autopercepção de saúde positiva, utilizou-se regressão de Poisson ajustada por sexo. A autopercepção de saúde positiva foi mais prevalente nos idosos longevos sem a presença de depressão (RP = 0,49) e que faziam consumo de álcool (RP = 1,99). Compreender quais variáveis podem interferir na autopercepção de saúde de idosos longevos auxilia em melhores ações de saúde para essa população, principalmente para evitar depressão, além de reduzir custos com internações, medicamentos e tratamentos de saúde, muito frequentes em idosos longevos.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The burden of tuberculosis has been scarcely explored in developing countries. Objective: To estimate the trend of the burden of tuberculosis in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, from 2007 to 2011. Methods: Epidemiological time-series study on tuberculosis notifications and deaths reported in the Disease Notification System and the Mortality Information System between 2007 and 2011. Crude rates of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) and subcomponents were calculated and standardized by gender and age groups. Segmented linear regression was used to estimate the trends for burden of tuberculosis during the study period. Results: There were 696 deaths and 8,598 notifications during the study period. The highest rate was found in 2009, with 91.8 DALY/100,000 inhabitants, and the lowest in 2007, with 67.2 DALY/100,000 inhabitants. The highest burden was among men in economically active age groups. The study showed a non-significant increase of 3.8% per year in DALY rates. Conclusion: The burden of tuberculosis remained stable in Santa Catarina, Brazil between 2007 and 2011.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the sample plan, operational aspects, and strategies used in the 2009/2010 and 2013/2014 EpiFloripa Aging Study. METHODS The EpiFloripa Aging is a population-based longitudinal study with 1,705 older adults (60 years or more) living in the municipality of Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in 2009/2010 (baseline). The research was conducted with a face-to-face interviews, organized into blocks of identification, socioeconomic, mental health, health and life habits, global functionality, falls, physical activity, morbidities, use of health services, use of medications, food, oral health, and violence, evaluated in the first (2009/2010) and in the second wave (2013/2014). Additionally, in the second wave, we investigated the issue of discrimination and quality of life. RESULTS The response rate of the first wave was 89.2% (n = 1,705). The baseline sample, with predominance of women (63.9%), was similar to the 2010 Census regarding age for women and slightly different for younger men. In the second wave, 1,197 participants were interviewed (response rate of 70.3%). Follow-up losses were only observed for the variable age group (p = 0.003), and predominantly for those aged 80 years or more. Mortality data linkage and active search for participants were used as a follow-up strategies. CONCLUSIONS This study used strategies that were able to help locate the participants and maintain adherence, which ensured a good response rate during investigations.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with urinary incontinence in the elderly population of Florianópolis, in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.METHODS: We used data from EpiFloripa Idoso 2009/2010 survey, a cross-sectional population-based study including 1,705 elderly of both the sexes. Poisson's regression (crude and adjusted analysis) was applied to verify the association between the urinary incontinence outcome and exploratory variables (sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health conditions).RESULTS: Among the elderly, 29.4% reported urinary incontinence; 36.3% were women and 17.0% men. The factors associated with greater prevalence of urinary incontinence were being female, aged more than 70 years old, having 0 to 4 schooling years, being insufficiently active, having bronchitis or asthma, stroke or cerebral ischemia, presenting mild or moderate/severe dependence, and polypharmacy.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of urinary incontinence was high among the investigated elderly. Sociodemographic variables and those related to lifestyle and health conditions were associated with higher prevalence of urinary incontinence. Knowledge of the factors associated with urinary incontinence in aged individuals can guide actions to reduce and prevent this important issue, which affects the elderly.

O objetivo foi identificar fatores associados à autopercepção positiva de saúde em idosos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Sul do Brasil. Trata- se de estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 1.705 idosos. A autopercepção de saúde foi classificada como positiva (muito boa e boa) e negativa (regular, ruim e muito ruim). A regressão bruta e ajustada de Poisson foi utilizada para identificar os fatores associados. A prevalência do desfecho foi de 51,2%, associada positivamente ao sexo masculino (RP = 1,13), ter mais de 5 anos de estudo, consumo moderado (RP = 1,33) ou alto de álcool (RP = 1,37), ser ativo no lazer (RP = 1,20), utilizar Internet (RP = 1,21), menor número de morbidades, dependência leve/moderada (RP = 2,20) ou nenhuma (RP = 2,67), não sofrer quedas (RP = 1,19) e não fazer uso de polifarmácia (RP = 1,27). Foram identificados diversos fatores modificáveis que podem interferir na autopercepção de saúde positiva de idosos e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para melhorar a qualidade de vida desses.

Recent evidence suggests that low vitamin D concentrations are associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers. However, there are limited studies investigating associations between vitamin D levels and inflammatory markers in the general population and much of this evidence in older adults is inconclusive. Therefore, this study investigates the cross-sectional association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with inflammatory markers in 5870 older English adults from wave 6 (2012–2013) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). ELSA is a large prospective observational study of community-dwelling people aged 50 years and over in England. Serum 25(OH)D levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, plasma fibrinogen levels, white blood cell count (WBC), age, season of blood collection, waist circumference, total non-pension household wealth, measures of health and health behaviours that included depression, number of cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular conditions and difficulties in activities of daily living, smoking, and physical activity were measured. There was a significant negative association between low 25(OH)D levels (≤30 nmol/l) and CRP (OR 1·23, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·51) and WBC (OR 1·35, 95 % CI 1·13, 1·60) that remained after adjustment for a wide range of covariates of clinical significance. However, for fibrinogen, the association did not remain significant when waist circumference was entered in the final model. Our findings showed that 25(OH)D levels were associated with two out the three inflammatory markers investigated. The independent and inverse association between serum 25(OH)D levels and inflammation suggests a potential anti-inflammatory role for vitamin D in older English individuals from the general population.

O objetivo foi identificar os fatores associados à realização anual de mamografia em mulheres de 40 a 69 anos residentes em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos em dois inquéritos populacionais, um com adultas e outro com idosas, em 2009-2010. Foi estimada a prevalência de realização anual de mamografia e se empregou regressão univariada e multivariada de Poisson para identificar os fatores associados. Participaram do estudo 447 adultas e 510 idosas. A prevalência de realização anual entre adultas foi 43,5% (IC95%: 38,8-48,2), e possuir plano de saúde privado aumentou esta prevalência. Para as idosas, 38,3% (IC95%: 34,0-42,6) realizaram mamografia anual e os fatores associados foram ter companheiro, mais de cinco anos de estudo e pertencer ao quartil de renda mais alto. A utilização do exame de mamografia deve ser independente de qualquer condicionante social, em qualquer faixa etária, promovendo assim redução da mortalidade por câncer de mama.

Introduction: Cancer of the lip, mouth and pharynx is a serious health problem. High incidence rates are found worldwide. In Brazil, the Southern and Southeastern regions have the highest incidences in the country. Objective: To describe 5 and 10-year survival rates in patients with cancer of the lip, mouth and pharynx at a referral center in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using data from patients diagnosed between January 1st and December 31st, 2001, with follow-up until December 31st, 2011. Descriptive analysis was performed and survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Cox semi-parametric model was used to estimate death risk. Results: Survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 33.3 and 26.9%, respectively. Advanced clinical stage in the diagnosis increased death risk by 2.88 and 2.51, respectively. Sex, ethnicity, level of education, previous diagnosis and treatment, as well as age, did not show significant association. Conclusion: Survival rate at 5 years was 33.3% and, at 10 years, was 26.9%. Advanced stage was an independent risk factor for death due to cancer of the lip, mouth and pharynx in both periods analyzed.

Hepatitis B is a serious public health problem. The state of Santa Catarina presents areas of high endemicity. The aim of this study was to describe temporal trends in detection rates of hepatitis B in the period from 2002 to 2009 in Santa Catarina and in its regions. A time series study was carried out. Crude rates were calculated and standardized by age using the direct method. Annual variation percentages were estimated by Joinpoint regression. There were two distinct and significant trends in Santa Catarina. From 2002 to 2006 a significant increase of 5.9% per year was observed. From 2006, there was a significant decrease of 6.4% per year. In this same period the southern and far-western regions had significant increases of 15.9% and 4.6% and significant decreases of 7.5% and 4.8%, respectively. Greater Florianópolis and Northeast also showed significant increases until 2006, of 15.4% and 17.4%, respectively. In the following period, non-significant decreases of 5.8% and 9.8% respectively were observed. Foz do Rio Itajaí and Planalto Serrano showed non-significant increases up to half of the studied period of 21.1% and 12.0%, respectively and after, significant decreases of 21.5% and 18.0%, respectively. Vale do Itajaí showed a significant decrease of 9.7%; Planalto Norte showed a non-significant decrease of 0.6% and Midwest a non-significant increase of 2.7% per year, in the period from 2002 to 2009.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the knowledge about mammography and to identify associated factors in female adults and elderly. Data were obtained from two population surveys, one with female adults and another with elderly women from Florianópolis (SC) in 2009 - 2010. A descriptive analysis of the variables was carried out, the appropriate mean of responses about mammography was estimated and crude and adjusted Poisson regression was conducted to identify associated factors. Among adults, 23.1% answered all of the questions appropriately and the appropriate average responses was 7.2 (95%CI 7.1 - 7.3) in a total of 9. In the adjusted model, older age, higher education and income were associated with knowledge about mammography. For the elderly, 15.3% answered all questions appropriately and the average of appropriate responses was 6.4 (95%CI 5.2 - 6.5) and the factors associated with knowledge about mammography in the adjusted model were younger age groups, increased education and income, and identification of mammography as the main diagnostic method for breast cancer. Information about mammography can neither be transmitted in a clear way nor be easily understood; there are also demographic and socioeconomic differences concerning the knowledge about the exam.

O medo de cair caracteriza-se pela ansiedade ao caminhar ou preocupação excessiva em cair. Objetivou-se investigar os fatores associados ao medo de queda recorrente entre os idosos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram investigados 266 idosos de um estudo de base populacional que sofreram quedas no ano anterior. Para análise estatística utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson a fim de verificar a associação entre o desfecho "medo de queda recorrente" e as covariáveis (socioeconômicas, atividade física, doenças, déficit cognitivo, convívio com amigos, características da queda e percepção de saúde), respeitando-se a hierarquia entre as variáveis. Dentre os idosos indagados, 57,1% apresentaram medo de queda recorrente. Na análise ajustada obteve-se associação significante entre o desfecho e ser do sexo feminino (p = 0,013), ter menor convívio com os amigos (p = 0,015), doença da coluna (p = 0,022) e limitações para atividades diárias após a queda (p = 0,001). Portanto, as campanhas de prevenção ao medo de nova queda devem visar prioritariamente às mulheres com limitação devido a quedas e com baixo convívio social.

O medo de cair caracteriza-se pela ansiedade ao caminhar ou preocupação excessiva em cair. Objetivou-se investigar os fatores associados ao medo de queda recorrente entre os idosos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram investigados 266 idosos de um estudo de base populacional que sofreram quedas no ano anterior. Para análise estatística utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson a fim de verificar a associação entre o desfecho "medo de queda recorrente" e as covariáveis (socioeconômicas, atividade física, doenças, déficit cognitivo, convívio com amigos, características da queda e percepção de saúde), respeitando-se a hierarquia entre as variáveis. Dentre os idosos indagados, 57,1% apresentaram medo de queda recorrente. Na análise ajustada obteve-se associação significante entre o desfecho e ser do sexo feminino (p = 0,013), ter menor convívio com os amigos (p = 0,015), doença da coluna (p = 0,022) e limitações para atividades diárias após a queda (p = 0,001). Portanto, as campanhas de prevenção ao medo de nova queda devem visar prioritariamente às mulheres com limitação devido a quedas e com baixo convívio social.El miedo a caerse se caracteriza por la ansiedad al caminar o preocupación excesiva en caerse. Se tuvo como objetivo investigar los factores asociados al miedo de caída recurrente entre los ancianos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Se investigaron a 266 ancianos de un estudio de base poblacional que sufrieron caídas durante el año anterior. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la regresión de Poisson, a fin de verificar la asociación entre el desenlace "miedo de caída recurrente" y las covariables (socioeconómicas, actividad física, enfermedades, déficit cognitivo, convivencia con amigos, características de la caída y percepción de la salud), respetándose la jerarquía entre las variables. Entre los ancianos entrevistados, un 57,1% presentaron miedo a caída recurrente. En el análisis ajustado se obtuvo una asociación significante entre el desenlace y ser del sexo femenino (p = 0,013), tener menor convivencia con amigos (p = 0,015), enfermedad de la columna (p = 0,022) y limitaciones para actividades diarias tras la caída (p = 0,001). Por tanto, las campañas de prevención al miedo de una nueva caída deben tener como objetivo prioritariamente a las mujeres con limitaciones, debido a las caídas, y con baja convivencia social.Fear of falling is characterized by anxiety when walking or excessive worry about falling. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with fear of recurrent falls among older adults in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. A total of 266 older adults who had fallen in the previous year were studied based on a population-based cross-sectional survey. Statistical analysis used Poisson regression to assess the association between fear of recurrent falls and the covariates (socioeconomic variables, physical activity, diseases, cognitive impairment, socializing with friends, characteristics of falls, and self-rated health), respecting the hierarchy between the variables. Among the sample, 57.1% feared recurrent falls. The adjusted analysis yielded a significant association between the outcome and female gender (p = 0.013), less socializing with friends (p = 0.015), diseases of the spinal column (p = 0.022), and limitation of daily activities after the fall (p = 0.001). Thus, campaigns to prevent fear of new falls should particularly target women with limitations due to previous falls and low social interaction.

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a tendência temporal da morbidade e mortalidade por tuberculose no estado de Santa Catarina no período entre 2002 e 2009. Os dados de mortalidade e incidência foram obtidos, respectivamente, do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade e do Sistema Nacional de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. As taxas brutas foram calculadas e padronizadas por idade pelo método direto. Estimou-se a variação anual por intermédio de regressão linear segmentada e identificaram-se pontos em que houve modificação da tendência. Observou-se uma redução significativa na taxa de mortalidade de 3,7% ao ano. No período estudado, houve duas tendências distintas: a primeira, entre 2002 e 2007, com redução significativa na taxa de mortalidade de 5,9% ao ano; a segunda, com incremento não significativo dessa taxa de 2,0% ao ano entre 2007 e 2009. Em relação à incidência, observou-se uma redução significativa de 0,9% ao ano.The objective of this study was to describe temporal trends in tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, between 2002 and 2009. Data regarding mortality and incidence were obtained from the Brazilian Mortality Database and National Case Registry Database, respectively. Crude rates were calculated and standardized by age using the direct method. We estimated annual variation by joinpoint regression, identifying the points at which there were changes in the trends. There was a significant (3.7%) annual decrease in the mortality rate. In the study period, two distinct temporal trends were identified: one between 2002 and 2007, showing a significant (5.9%) annual decrease in the mortality rate; and one between 2007 and 2009, showing an insignificant (2.0%) annual increase. There was also a significant (0.9%) annual reduction in tuberculosis incidence.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência da prática de atividade física de lazer em idosos e analisar sua associação com a percepção do ambiente. MÉTODOS: Estudo de base populacional, transversal, conduzido com 1.656 indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais residentes na zona urbana de Florianópolis, SC, de setembro de 2009 a junho de 2010. A atividade física de lazer foi mensurada utilizando-se a versão longa do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Variáveis de percepção do ambiente foram mensuradas por meio de uma versão modificada da Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Análises brutas e ajustadas foram realizadas utilizando-se regressão de Poisson com nível de 5% de significância. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de atividade física no lazer foi de 29,7% (IC95% 26,0; 33,3); 35,6% (IC95% 29,7; 41,6) entre os homens e 26,3% (IC95% 23,1; 29,4) entre as mulheres. Idosos que relataram a existência de calçadas, de ciclovias, vias e trilhas para pedestre no bairro, bem como aqueles que disseram receber o apoio de amigos ou vizinhos para realizar atividades físicas foram mais ativos no lazer. Quanto à influência do clima, idosos que relataram ser este uma barreira, foram classificados como mais ativos. CONCLUSÕES: A prática de atividade física de lazer ainda é pouco prevalente na população idosa de Florianópolis. Espaços públicos para a prática de atividade física e o incentivo a atividades em grupo podem desempenhar papel significativo na promoção da atividade física de lazer em idosos.OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de la práctica de actividad física en ocio en ancianos y analizar su asociación con la percepción del ambiente. MÉTODOS: Estudio de base poblacional, transversal fue conducido con 1.656 individuos con 60 años o más residentes en la zona urbana de Florianópolis, Sur de Brasil, de septiembre de 2009 a junio de 2010. La actividad física en ocio fue medida utilizándose la versión larga del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física. Variables de percepción del ambiente se midieron por medio de una versión modificada de la Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Análisis brutos y ajustados se realizaron utilizándose regresión de Poisson con nivel de 5% de significancia. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de actividad física como placer fue de 29,7% (IC95% 26,0;33,3); 35,6% (IC95% 29,7;41,6) entre los hombres y 26,3% (IC95% 23,1;29,4) entre las mujeres. Ancianos que manifestaron la existencia de aceras, de ciclovías, vías y caminerías para peatones en la urbanización, así como aquellos que dijeron recibir el apoyo de amigos o vecinos para realizar actividades físicas fueron más activos en los momentos de ocio. Con relación al clima, ancianos que relataron ser éste una barrera, eran clasificados como más activos. CONCLUSIONES: La práctica de actividad física como placer aún es poco prevaleciente en la población de la tercera edad en Florianópolis. Espacios públicos para la práctica de actividad física y el incentivo en actividades en grupo pueden desempeñar papel significativo en la promoción de la actividad física en ocio en ancianos.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of the practice of leisure-time physical activity in older adults and to analyze its association with environment perception. METHODS: Cross-sectional population study conducted from September 2009 to June 2010 with 1.656 individuals aged 60 years or older, living in the urban zone of the city of Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. Leisure-time physical activity was measured using the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Environment perception variables were measured by means of a modified version of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Crude and adjusted analyzes were carried out using Poisson regression with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity was 29.7% (95% CI: 26.0; 33.3); 35.6% (95%CI: 29.7; 41.6) among men and 26.3% (95%CI: 23.1; 29.4) among women. The elderly who reported the existence of sidewalks, bike lanes, pedestrian paths and trails in the neighborhood, as well as those who reported receiving support from friends or neighbors to engage in physical activities, were more active in their leisure time. Concerning the influence of the climate, the elderly who reported that it was a barrier were rated as more active. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of leisure-time physical activity still has low prevalence among the elderly population of Florianópolis. Public spaces for the practice of physical activity and encouraging group activities may play a significant role in the promotion of leisure-time physical activity in older adults.

OBJETIVO: Estudar a relação entre inclusão digital, na forma de troca de mensagens pela Internet, e capacidade funcional de idosos residentes em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se dados do EpiFloripa Idoso, um estudo transversal de base populacional com idosos (60+ anos) realizado entre 2009 e 2010. A capacidade funcional foi representada pela dificuldade ou incapacidade na realização de atividades básicas ou instrumentais da vida diária, e constituiu a variável dependente denominada dependência funcional. A variável independente principal foi a capacidade autorreferida de enviar e receber mensagens pela Internet usando um computador. Razões de prevalência (PR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) foram estimados em modelo multivariável por regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A amostra compreendeu 1.656 idosos entre 60 e 102 anos com idade média de 70,39 anos (DP = 7,79). Os idosos que conseguiam enviar e receber mensagens pela Internet sem dificuldade apresentaram prevalência significativamente menor de dependência funcional moderada/grave (RP = 0,61; IC95%: 0,40 - 0,94) após ajuste para fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, de saúde e comportamentais. CONCLUSÕES: A troca de mensagens pela Internet possui forte associação com independência funcional. Não é possível inferir a relação de causalidade dessa associação. Estudos alicerçam a hipótese de que a troca de mensagens pela Internet e a independência funcional tenham uma associação bidirecional, aditiva e sinérgica. Estudos longitudinais poderiam investigar os mecanismos envolvidos nessa associação, para fundamentar políticas de inclusão digital de idosos e para identificar qual o perfil de idosos que mais se beneficiaria com essa inclusão.OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between digital inclusion, represented by the exchange of online messages, and functional capacity of older adults living in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: Data were from EpiFloripa Idoso, a cross-sectional household-based survey conducted between 2009 and 2010 with older adults (60+ years). Functional capacity was represented by the inability / difficulty to perform basic / instrumental activities of daily living, and formed the outcome variable called functional dependence. The main independent variable was self-reported ability to send and receive online messages using the computer. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated with multivariable Poisson regression models. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 1,656 older adults between 60 and 102 years old with a mean age of 70.39 years (SD = 7.79). Older adults who could send and receive online messages without difficulty demonstrated a significant lower prevalence of moderate / severe functional dependence (PR = 0.61; 95%CI: 0.40 - 0.94) after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, health and behavioral factors. CONCLUSIONS: The exchange of online messages has a strong association with functional independence. The causality of this association cannot be determined. Studies support the hypothesis that the exchange of online messages and functional independence have a bidirectional, additive and synergistic association. Longitudinal studies could elucidate the mechanisms involved in this association, in order to support digital inclusion policies for older adults, and to identify the profile of older adults who would benefit the most from digital inclusion.

O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever a prevalência, fatores associados e a forma de acesso aos medicamentos prescritos aos idosos residentes na área urbana do Município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foi realizado estudo transversal populacional de base domiciliar em amostra de 1.469 indivíduos (taxa não-resposta 10,8%). Os dados foram analisados, por meio de regressão de Poisson, sob duas perspectivas: do acesso a medicamentos em geral e do acesso a medicamentos pelo SUS. Os resultados foram, respectivamente, 95,8% (IC95%: 94,7-96,8) e 50,3% (IC95%: 47,7-52,8). Observou-se que ocorre menor acesso a medicamentos quanto maior a dependência funcional, maior o número de doenças crônicas e quando há realização de consulta médica. Acessam mais medicamentos pelo SUS indivíduos de cor da pele parda ou negra, menor idade, pior escolaridade, pior renda, maior número de doenças crônicas, ausência de plano de saúde privado e consulta médica nos últimos três meses. Estes resultados mostram que o SUS vem cumprindo seu papel na universalização do acesso aos medicamentos em Florianópolis.This study aimed to describe the prevalence of access to prescription drugs for the elderly and associated factors in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based household survey was performed in a sample of 1,469 individuals (non-response rate: 10.8%). The data were analyzed with Poisson regression, from two perspectives: access to medicines in general and access to medicines through the Unified National Health System (SUS). The results were, respectively, 95.8% (95%CI: 94.7-96.8) and 50.3% (95%CI: 47.7-52.8). Lower access to medicines was associated with functional dependence, chronic illness, and at least one medical visit in the previous three months. Access to medicines through the National Health System was associated with black or mixed race, younger age, lower schooling, lower income, more chronic diseases, lack of private health insurance, and at least one medical visit in the previous three months. The results show that the National Health System has been successful in promoting universal access to medicines in Florianópolis.

Este estudo tem o objetivo de descrever a sobrevida em câncer de mama e os fatores associados à mesma. Caracteriza-se como uma coorte histórica de mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama no período de 2000 a 2002, que foram catalogadas nos registros hospitalares de câncer do Centro de Pesquisas Oncológicas de Santa Catarina e Hospital de Caridade - Irmandade Nosso Senhor dos Passos, os dois localizados em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados o estimador de Kaplan-Meier e o modelo de Cox. A taxa de sobrevida geral em cinco anos foi de 76,2% (IC95%: 73,6-78,9). Os fatores independentes associados ao maior risco de óbito foram faixa etária menor de 30 anos (hazard ratio- HR = 3,09; IC95%: 1,25-7,67); as mulheres analfabetas (HR = 3,70; IC95%: 1,44-9,55); as com estadiamento III (HR = 5,27; IC95%: 2,56-10,82) e IV (HR = 14,07; IC95%: 6,81-29,06). Mulheres jovens são aquelas com piores taxas de sobrevida. Também existem muitas mulheres sendo diagnosticadas em estádios avançados, tendo uma sobrevida pior, demonstrando a necessidade de ações de diagnóstico precoce.The aim of this study was to analyze breast cancer survival and associated factors, based on a historical cohort of women with breast cancer diagnosis from 2000 to 2002 recorded in the hospital cancer registries at the Santa Catarina Center for Cancer Research and the Irmandade Nosso Senhor dos Passos Charity Hospital, both located in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The statistical analysis used the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox model. Overall five-year survival was 76.2% (95%CI: 73.6-78.9). Independent factors associated with increased risk of death were age less than 30 years (hazard ratio - HR = 3.09; 95%CI: 1.25-7.67); illiteracy (HR = 3.70; 95%CI: 1.44-9.55); and stages III (HR = 5.27; 95%CI: 2.56-10.82) and IV (HR = 14.07; 95%CI: 6.81-29.06). Young women had the worst survival rates. There were also many women diagnosed in advanced stages, with worse survival, thus demonstrating the need for early diagnostic measures.

Este estudo caracteriza o perfil dos usuários que procuraram os Centros de Testagem Anônima (CTAs) em Santa Catarina, Brasil, em 2005, e determina os fatores associados à contaminação pelo HIV. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo transversal em pessoas que freqüentaram os CTAs. Foram analisados os dados de 22.846 entrevistas realizadas no momento pré-teste, 64,7% sexo feminino e 35,3% masculino. A prevalência de HIV positivo encontrada nesses exames foi de 2% no sexo feminino e 5,6% no masculino. Utilizou-se análise bivariada e multivariada com regressão de Poisson. Os fatores de risco independentes para o contágio pelo DST/HIV no sexo feminino foram: faixa etária, estado civil, escolaridade, situação profissional, recorte populacional, risco do parceiro fixo, uso de preservativo e motivo para não usar preservativo com parceiro fixo. No sexo masculino foram: faixa etária, escolaridade, tipo de parceiro, recorte populacional, risco do parceiro, uso de preservativo e motivo para não usar preservativo com parceiro fixo. A soropositividade para homens e mulheres apresenta-se diferente, merecendo abordagens preventivas diferenciadas.This study analyzes the user profile of HIV Testing and Counseling Centers in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, in 2005, and factors associated with HIV infection. The methodology employed a retrospective, cross-sectional study of individuals who attended Testing and Counseling Centers. Data from 22,846 interviews were analyzed (64.7% women and 35.3% men). HIV prevalence was 2.0% in women and 5.6% in men. Statistical analysis used bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression by gender. According to the Poisson regression, factors associated with HIV+ status were age bracket, schooling, marital status, professional situation, population group, steady partner's risk status, condom use, and reason for not using condoms with steady partner; for men, the independent variables were age bracket, schooling, type of partner, population group, steady partner's risk status, condom use, and reason for not using condoms with steady partner. HIV+ patterns differed between men and women, so that customized preventive approaches are needed.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and association between functional disability and health conditions in elderly people. Method: A cross-sectional, population-based study with 1,705 elderly residents in urban region of Florianópolis, Brazil, from September 2009 to July 2010. The functional disability was classified according to the difficulty in accomplishing six basic activities of daily living. The crude and adjusted multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors. Results: The prevalence of mild functional disability was 38.9%, and it was positively associated with being female, older age, reporting four or more chronic diseases, overweight, and negative self-perception of health. High education and income, having paid work, and being physically active in leisure activities reduced the chance of presenting it. The prevalence of moderate/severe disability was 11.7% and positively associated with older age, presence of depressive symptoms, four or more chronic diseases, and negative self-perception of health. High education, paid work, and being physically active in leisure activities also reduced the chance of presenting moderate/severe disability. Conclusion: Being gainfully employed, having a high level of education, and being physically active in their leisure time reduced the chance of presenting disability. The negative self-perception of health was the factor that most increased the chance of presenting functional disability.

Introduction : The worldwide increase in the elderly population has highlighted the importance of accidental falls and their consequences.Objective: To perform time-trend analysis of the mortality rate from accidental falls in (1) the city of Florianópolis (2) the state of Santa Catarina and (3) Brazil. Method : A time-series study of data from the Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade ("the Mortality Information System") was performed. The variation in mortality caused by accidental falls was estimated using the joinpoint regression method, based on the International Disease Classification (ICD-10), chapter XX, codes W00 to W15 and W17 to W19, from 1997 to 2010. Results : It was observed that in the most recent periods (2005/2008; 2002/2008; 2003/2008), there was a significant increase in mortality rates related to accidental falls in all three regions, and that these rates increased with advancing age. Conclusion : Strategies to prevent accidental falls among the elderly should be aimed, mainly, at those who are 80 and over, the age in which accidental falls result in higher death rates.

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the effect of participating in cognitive cooperation groups, mediated by computers and the internet, on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) percent variation of outpatients with memory complaints attending two memory clinics. Methods A prospective controlled intervention study carried out from 2006 to 2013 with 293 elders. The intervention group (n = 160) attended a cognitive cooperation group (20 sessions of 1.5 hours each). The control group (n = 133) received routine medical care. Outcome was the percent variation in the MMSE. Control variables included gender, age, marital status, schooling, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypothyroidism, depression, vascular diseases, polymedication, use of benzodiazepines, exposure to tobacco, sedentary lifestyle, obesity and functional capacity. The final model was obtained by multivariate linear regression. Results The intervention group obtained an independent positive variation of 24.39% (CI 95% = 14.86/33.91) in the MMSE compared to the control group. Conclusion The results suggested that cognitive cooperation groups, mediated by computers and the internet, are associated with cognitive status improvement of older adults in memory clinics.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência da prática de atividade física de lazer em idosos e analisar sua associação com a percepção do ambiente. MÉTODOS: Estudo de base populacional, transversal, conduzido com 1.656 indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais residentes na zona urbana de Florianópolis, SC, de setembro de 2009 a junho de 2010. A atividade física de lazer foi mensurada utilizando-se a versão longa do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Variáveis de percepção do ambiente foram mensuradas por meio de uma versão modificada da Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Análises brutas e ajustadas foram realizadas utilizando-se regressão de Poisson com nível de 5% de significância. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de atividade física no lazer foi de 29,7% (IC95% 26,0; 33,3); 35,6% (IC95% 29,7; 41,6) entre os homens e 26,3% (IC95% 23,1; 29,4) entre as mulheres. Idosos que relataram a existência de calçadas, de ciclovias, vias e trilhas para pedestre no bairro, bem como aqueles que disseram receber o apoio de amigos ou vizinhos para realizar atividades físicas foram mais ativos no lazer. Quanto à influência do clima, idosos que relataram ser este uma barreira, foram classificados como mais ativos. CONCLUSÕES: A prática de atividade física de lazer ainda é pouco prevalente na população idosa de Florianópolis. Espaços públicos para a prática de atividade física e o incentivo a atividades em grupo podem desempenhar papel significativo na promoção da atividade física de lazer em idosos.

OBJETIVO: estimar a carga de doença por aids em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, em 2009. MÉTODOS: estudo ecológico descritivo, com uso de dados secundários do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade; a carga de doença (disability-adjusted life years [DALY]) é a soma dos anos perdidos por morte prematura (years of life lost [YLL]) e dos anos vividos com incapacidade (years lived with disability [YLD]). RESULTADOS: foram estimados 2.675,8 DALY (655,4 DALY/100 mil habitantes); o componente YLL foi responsável por 78% do DALY; foi observada maior carga da doença em homens (909,5 DALY/100 mil habitantes) e na faixa etária de 45 a 59 anos (1.423,3 DALY/100 mil habitantes). CONCLUSÃO: a carga revelou-se elevada, e a mortalidade foi a principal responsável por esse valor, sendo as maiores taxas de DALY no sexo masculino na faixa etária de 30 a 44 anos.

Resumo OBJETIVO: propor e apresentar aplicação de estratificação dos municípios brasileiros em grupos homogêneos para estudos de avaliação de desempenho da gestão em saúde. MÉTODOS: estudo metodológico com classificação dos municípios segundo as condições que influenciam a gestão em saúde e porte populacional; dados referentes ao ano de 2010 foram compilados de bases demográficas e de saúde; testes de correlação e análise fatorial foram utilizados. RESULTADOS: identificaram-se sete estratos - Grande porte; Médio porte com influentes favoráveis, regulares ou desfavoráveis; e Pequeno porte com influentes favoráveis, regulares ou desfavoráveis -; houve concentração de municípios com influentes favoráveis nas faixas de melhor poder aquisitivo e de financiamento, e concentração de municípios com influentes desfavoráveis nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. CONCLUSÃO: a classificação proposta agrupou municípios semelhantes quanto aos fatores influentes da gestão em saúde, permitindo a identificação de grupos comparáveis de municípios e configurando uma alternativa consistente para estudos de avaliação de desempenho.

Resumo OBJETIVO: identificar as mudanças sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de saúde ocorridas ao longo do tempo nos participantes do estudo de coorte EpiFloripa Idoso. MÉTODOS: estudo longitudinal de base populacional com idosos de Florianópolis-SC, Brasil. RESULTADOS: entrevistou-se 1.702 idosos em 2009-2010 e 1.197 em 2013-2014 (proporções de resposta: 89,1% e 70,2%, respectivamente); após aproximadamente 4 anos, a maioria manteve-se com companheiro (53,4%), morando acompanhado (76,0%), sem trabalhar (78,0%), com percepção positiva de saúde (44,0%), sem usar internet (67,5%), sem fumar (57,5%), sem consumir bebida alcoólica (53,3%), insuficientemente ativo (56,3%), consumindo