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In recent decades, ungulates have expanded in number and range in Europe. This review aims to analyze the impact of ungulate browsing in different forest ecosystems and identify the main driving factors and trends. In total, 155 studies were analyzed in preparing this review, across 19 European countries. In Europe, the main browsers are represented by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.), red deer (Cervus elaphus L.), moose (Alces alces L.), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.), and fallow deer (Dama dama L.). Regarding browsing severity, they frequently exceeded 50%, meaning that over half of the saplings were browsed. Ungulate density was the main driving factor of browsing severity, with areas exhibiting high browsing pressure often having more than ten individuals per square kilometer. The type of silvicultural system used played a vital role in the severity of browsing, and trends in foraging for preferred tree species were identified. Fencing was the most common non-harmful protection method used, while hunting management was the most efficient method for controlling deer numbers and browsing intensity. Large carnivores were missing in most study areas, but in the areas where they were present, they played a significant role in creating a chain reaction of ecological impacts. Considering the significant impact of ungulate browsing on forest ecosystems, there is a pressing need for more research to comprehend and effectively mitigate the effects of deer presence comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deforestation, forests diminution, and scarcity of natural food are widely regarded as the primary factors contributing to the presence of brown bears in urban areas of Romania, and human-bear conflicts. Public misunderstanding regarding forest and bear management practices often leads to skepticism of expert information, worsened by misinformation in the media and social networks. This article aims to offer insight into deforestation and human-bear conflicts in Romania. It analyzes national and international official data, to assess the percentage of forested areas, primary causes of deforestation, brown bear population and density, and the number of human-bear conflicts. It also compares Romanian data with other European countries to explore the potential correlation between forested area percentage and human-bear conflicts. Between 2000 and 2020, Romania's forest area comprised 29.02% of its land, while Poland, France, and Italy had percentages of 29.89%, 30.04%, and 30.65%, respectively. Interestingly, the proportion of forest cover did not consistently correlate with the frequency of conflicts. Countries with similar forest percentages to Romania experienced fewer conflicts, whereas countries with higher percentages, like Slovenia (61.65%) and Slovakia (39.86%), faced numerous human-bear conflicts due to the dense brown bear population. The management of bears served as a valuable indicator of the extent of damage caused by these animals. In Croatia, Sweden, Slovakia, and Slovenia, where 10- 16% of the bear population was harvested annually, lower levels of damage were reported. In contrast, Romania, with an annual harvest of only 2-3% of the bear population, experienced higher levels of damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Silvicultură şi Cinegetică is the property of Societatea Progresul Silvic / Forest Progress Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper summarizes the rationale and motives for having implemented and financed the National Forest Inventory in order to clarify a series of questions raised by the criteria taken into account when the sampling grid was design. Although the first cycle of measurements has produced some meaningful data about Romanian forests, some inconsistencies between the public opinion about the forest management and the outcome of the forest inventory have somehow undermined the confidence in the statistic background of the National Forest Inventory. The alternative, which is a simple accounting of the growing stock as estimated through the management plans is out of question, because only a tenth of the forest fund is being described by accurate data, while another tenth of the growing stock is completely outdated. Other important reasons shall be sought in the LULUCF reporting schemes, the requirements to appraise the carbon stock as well the important role played by the inventory grid in developing new evaluation methods based on remote sensing.

Copyright of Revista de Silvicultură şi Cinegetică is the property of Societatea Progresul Silvic / Forest Progress Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Silvicultură şi Cinegetică is the property of Societatea Progresul Silvic / Forest Progress Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Silvicultură şi Cinegetică is the property of Societatea Progresul Silvic / Forest Progress Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The golden jackal is a species in full expansion at the European level; his capacity to adapt to new habitat conditions makes it capable of using new territories, being able to become the dominant species in areas where wolves are not present. Establishing the number of individuals at the local, regional, and national levels is essential due to the damage it is causing to wildlife and domestic species. In this research, several methods have been tested in order to establish the minimum number of individuals in the Smârdan area, Tulcea County. Taking into consideration that the specie is active mainly after sunset when the visibility conditions are very poor, there have been tested the hauling method for individual identification mainly because the specie is very vocal in the breeding period. This method indicated that the minimum number of individuals is 23. The method of inventory of signs of the presence and the one which surveys the dens are offering mainly information regarding the use of habitat and individual identification being hard to tell, because several can use the same tracks or dens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Silvicultură şi Cinegetică is the property of Societatea Progresul Silvic / Forest Progress Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The practical and significant utility from the quality of the trophies point of view of is represented by the interaction between the genetic value (genofund) and the stationary conditions correlated with the result of the species management activities. This paper analyzes the composition and particularities of the parameters in order to score for the evaluation methods C.I.C., Rowland Ward, SCI and additions on the elements of the Nadler and Carpathian methods as a common starting point for the red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) trophy. Ranking is determined by the different perspective of each methodology regarding the importance given to certain parameters. The Nadler and Carpathian formula provides information on the initial basis in the development of the current C.I.C. method. With informative utility as the initial perspective, for any future applied analysis regarding the use of evaluation formulas, it is recommended to use the C.I.C. method, this being more complex and a much more widespread use, both from historical and current point of view. Compared to the C.I.C. method which has the largest use at European level, the Rowland Ward and SCI methods can offer another current evaluation perspective, the score achieved by these methods consists entirely of measurable parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Eurasian beaver is on the list of strictly protected species and is considered a key species for riparian habitats, due to its extraordinary ability to change the environment it inhabits. The assessment of favorable habitats for Castor fiber is necessary on the one hand when it comes to determining the preservation status of the species, and on the other hand when it comes to identifying new territories that can be recolonized, to reduce the number of man-beaver conflict situations, which in the last decade has become more and more predominant. The present study aimed to test an alternative method of rating potential habitats, based on the analysis of satellite images provided by the Google Earth platform. Thus, two sectors of the Jiu and Siret rivers, with a length of 272.2, respectively 168.3 km, were evaluated using both methods (the classical one and the one based on satellite images). The results showed that the new method is significantly less precise than the one based on physically investigating the habitats, systematically generating errors of underestimating the habitats. Similar data were obtained for 68% of the sector on the Jiu River and 48% for the Siret River. Despite the shortcomings of the new method, it can be used in the preliminary assessment of habitats, and the accuracy can be improved by applying a sampling scheme for optimal and satisfactory habitats. The areas assessed as unfavorable do not require reassessment, for this class the accuracy of identification being over 80%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Silvicultură şi Cinegetică is the property of Societatea Progresul Silvic / Forest Progress Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), with a total of 183 signatories (including European Union), is one of the most important international agreement on biodiversity conservation, which places a joint responsibility on source and consumer Parties in ensuring the legality, traceability and sustainability of international trade in wildlife. In over 45 years of entry into force of CITES, the Conference of Parties has established practical solutions, trough adoption of Resolutions and Decisions, in response to a changing social, economic and environmental context. CITES is legally binding on the Parties, and therefore the overall effectiveness of the Convention depends on national implementation and compliance with its provisions. Due the complexity of the topic, this study is exploratory and provide background on CITES and information on the extent of CITES implementation in national and EU context, compliance, CITES-listed species and main native species from Romania in trade. Romania meets the minimum requirements imposed by CITES, but its implementation and enforcement requires improving capacity of authorities, enhancing cooperation and coordination between national authorities and those from other countries, financial resources, increasing awareness and involvement of stakeholders and general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romania holds the most extensive mountain range with oldgrowth forests, in which both habitat surface and capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) numbers are ones of the highest in Central and Eastern Europe. While previous genetic studies have found that the individuals located in different European mountain ranges are isolated and have highlighted that the species is declining. Here, we are aiming to assess the genetic structure of capercaillie in Romania by genotyping 137 samples collected in the field with 9 STR markers. Expected heterozygosity was 0.586, whereas observed heterozygosity values were 0.859. Population structure analyses indicated weak population differentiation and suggested that sufficient gene flow exists among individuals sampled in different mountain regions. We did not find evidence for a past genetic bottleneck. Our findings contain important information to wildlife managers to focus conservation efforts in areas such as Curvature Carpathians, which serve as a connectivity corridor to avoid eroding the extent or quality of habitat and to prevent further fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beaver is one of the last extinct species that has been reintroduced to Romania, as a large European initiative, in an attempt to restore the species range in Eurasia. After two decades in which the population has grown steadily, in many areas where the number of beavers has reached the capacity to support the environment, human-beaver conflicts have begun to be reported. As an irony of fate, one of the fiercest battles takes place between two great builders: the beavers, as a restorer of wetlands and representatives of institutions that deal with the regulation or channelization of running water. Such a hot zone is the Black River watershed. The study is aiming to identify possible solutions for dam protection against the beavers' destructive potential and to implement the most appropriate of these. In order to do this, buried nets were used to block the access of the beavers to the protection dikes. This solution was applied on the Capolna River, within the CAMARO project, and proved to be suitable for solving two very important issues: to protect the hydrotechnical dikes against the animals that create holes in the ground (beaver or other species such as fox, badger, etc.), to allow the free development of the beaver population, in accordance with the natural carrying capacity of the habitats. The works were carried out on a sector of 500 m, on both banks being buried metal nets in a vertical position, at a depth of 1.7 m. The costs of this solution are very high (25,500 €/km), but it ensures the protection of the hydrotechnical constructions on medium or long term, so that it is certainly a veritable variant to solve such problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meanings of the myth, the fascinating concept that enlightens the existence and the work of Vasile Lovinescu arc analysed in three fundamental essays: Adnotări despre mit, Mitul sfâşiat and Mit şi uimire. The Moldavian hermeneut refuses to theorise the concept, deliberately leaving the insufficient space of theoretical approach with the means of the science of literature. For Vasile Lovinescu, the myth is the penultimate truth, situated in a median position - active towards the world, but a passive reflection of the principle. Contrary to the one belonging to Mircea Eliadc, the myth interpretation implies an intelectual exaltation "in divinis" for Vasile Lovinescu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The duty of giving the national culture a generous project, for the first time released from the pressure of extraculture, belongs to the interwar generation. There is a real esoteric generation, under the name of René Guénon, its legitimate representative being Vasile Lovinescu. He is an intellectual on his continuous way to initiation. His approach to Islam, to sufism, does not mean the fact that he abandoned the orthodox religion, but represents a pursuit of a transcendent unity of all religions. Vasile Lovinescu is a landmark of Romanian spirituality of the last century, a personality that still waits for being acknowledged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to contribute with new information in the application of ground based radon (Rn) observations to atmospheric research, namely its relation with air pollution due to ground-level ozone (O) and particle matter in two size fractions (PM10 and PM2.5) for Bucharest metropolitan area in Romania. During January 1-December 31, 2011, ground levels of radon, ozone and particulate matter (PM) have been continuously monitored in synergy with the main meteorological parameters (air temperature, humidity and pressure), and daily global air quality indices. A systematic analysis of surface ozone observations of ground level radon, ozone and PM is presented. Observational results indicate the following yearly daily mean ground level concentrations: 40.26 ± 7.54 Bq/m for radon, 90.51 μg/m for ozone, 35.96 μg/m for PM2.5, and 40.91 μg/m for PM10. The assessment of the results showed the influence of local and meteorological conditions on the daily mean radon, ozone and PM concentrations. However, in densely populated metropolitan area of Bucharest the mean daily values of ozone, PM2.5, PM10, and attached Rn are sometimes higher than European Community limit values leading to serious public concern during the last years. Due to the high risk of increased levels of O, PM2.5, PM10, and attached Rn on human health respiratory function (especially for children and older persons), and urban green, the results are very useful for atmospheric, radiological protection, epidemiological and environmental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of various bacterial species in the wild boar populations of Lugar Nuevo and Selladores-Contadero woodlands from Sierra Morena (Spain). Bacteriological analyses were carried out on a total of 229 wild boar individuals hunted in the period 2000-2003 in eleven experimental plots which are representative lot the different biotopes of the area. The following species were detected: Brucella ovis, Clostridium sp., Corynebacterium sp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia ccli, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Mannhcirnia haemolytica, Pa.steurella mulcocida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Chiamydophila psittaci, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus sp. and the bacterial prevalence was estimated for each of them. The results provide useful indications of the health status of wild boar in both locations and highlight the potential of the wild boar populations to act as biological reservoirs of certain microorganisms that can be passed onto other vertebrate wild animals and humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]