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Aim of the paper. Highlighting laryngeal neoplasia through clinical manifestations and therapeutic possibilities. Objective of the study. Achieving topographic localization of larynx with oncologically limited surgical indication. Materials and method. This clinico-therapeutic study was conducted over a period of five years, in the ENT Clinic of the Craiova County Emergency Clinical Hospital. Results. A total of 188 patients were identified between 2015 and 2019, categorized by gender, age, symptoms, place of origin, histopathological examination, staging and types of laryngectomies. Discussion. It was observed that all male patients were smokers, with moderately differentiated squamous carcinoma being the predominant histological type. The dominant symptoms included dysphonia, dysphagia and dyspnea, which also dictated the type of surgical intervention: total laryngectomy in 148 cases and reconstructive partial laryngectomies in 40 cases. The hospitalization period ranged from 15 to 25 days, on average. The postoperative treatment was supplemented with radiation and chemotherapy. Conclusions. Patients should seek medical attention more promptly. Dysphonia and dysphagia were the dominant symptoms. Clinical examination, fiberoscopy and suspended laryngoscopy are useful for assessing the topographic localization of the neoplasm. Surgical intervention is the clinical act for neoplasia removal, complemented by cervical irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the paper. The goal of this work is to outline the methods for regaining vocal, swallowing and respiratory function, based on the type of surgical intervention. Objective of the study. We present some therapeutic procedures for learning vocal, swallowing and breathing exercises. Materials and method. Patients admitted to the ENT Clinic in Craiova over a five-year period with laryngeal neoplasms underwent various surgical interventions, depending on tumor extension. Results. A total of 188 patients underwent surgical procedures, including total laryngectomies, partial laryngectomies (supraglottic horizontal, frontolateral, bicordocomissural) and cordectomies. Discussion. We studied the functional recovery possibilities for the patients’ group, assessing the preservation conditions and the vital function alterations. Patients chose various phonatory recovery procedures, either spontaneously, or through phoniatric exercises. Esophageal voice was achieved through logopedic exercises and, depending on motivation, ability or personal motivation, through tracheoesophageal prosthetic communication – the voice button. Conclusions. The oncologic surgical procedures on the larynx allow for functional recovery and socio-professional reintegration, even in the case of total laryngectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a presentation unfolding regular and semi-regular polyhedra. Regular polyhedra are convex polyhedra whose faces are regular and equal polygons, with the same number of sides, and whose polyhedral angles are also regular and equal. Semi-regular polyhedra are convex polyhedra with regular polygon faces, several types and equal solid angles of the same type. A net of a polyhedron is a collection of edges in the plane which are the unfolded edges of the solid. Modeling and unfolding Platonic and Arhimediene polyhedra will be using 3dsMAX program. This paper is intended as an example of descriptive geometry applications.

The paper presents some aspects theoretical and practical based on the finite element analysis and modelling of Geneva mechanism with four slots, using the CATIA graphic program. This type of mechanism is an example of intermittent gearing that translates a continuous rotation into an intermittent rotary motion. It consists of alternate periods of motion and rest without reversing direction. In this paper, some design parameters with specify a Geneva mechanism will be defined precisely such as number of driving cranks, number of slots, wheel diameter, pin diameter, etc. Finite element analysis (FEA) can be used for creating a finite element model (preprocessing) and visualizing the analysis results (postprocessing), and use other solvers for processing.

AutoCAD, one of the most popular drawing programs, has enriched over time the facilities offered in making drawings in terms of how to use different graphics, symbols, accuracy, speed, interface, etc. One aspect that gives it an advantage over other drawing programs is the ability to use the AutoLisp language in creating user's functions that can be used as commands in AutoCAD. In this article, the authors present a function made in AutoLisp, which, for the parts drawn in Autocad, facilitates the automatic dimensioning of the chamfers, in the usual format, considering the scale of the respective drawing or detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benign nasal tumors represent an uncommon pathology with various histopathological types. Squamous papilloma of the nasal vestibule, also called verruca vulgaris, is a benign epithelial tumor, sessile or pedunculated, small in size, unique or comprising multiple lesions, which can present with intermittent epistaxis or nasal obstruction. We chose to explore a case of squamous papilloma of nasal vestibule excision using high-frequency electrosurgery. A 38-year-old woman presented with one-month history of intermittent right nasal bleeding. The anterior rhinoscopy and the endoscopic examination revealed an 1x0.5 cm sized, unique, sessile and irregular shaped mass in the right nasal vestibule. An excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia, using high-frequency electrosurgery. The follow-up period consisted of two years, without any recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the paper work. To highlight the severe suppurative cervicomediastinal complications after perforating the cervical esophagus with a sharp foreign body. Objectives of the paper work. To underline the importance of clinical and imagistic diagnosis and the treatment of the cervical medial topographic region with multidisciplinary surgical team: ENT, thoracic surgeon, general surgeon and AIT physician. Materials and method. A 72-year-old patient swallowed a fish bone while eating, with the immediate appearance of a cervical pain with stinging, dysphagia and sore odynophagia. Results and discussion. The patient was hospitalized in emergency 24 hours after the ingestion of the sharp foreign body, presenting with cervical emphysema and leukocytosis 18.000/mm³. CT showed retroesophageal cervical and postero-superior mediastinal collection. The emergency surgical intervention under general anesthesia, with a mixed surgical team, evacuated the purulent collection by antero-inferior cervicotomy, with a drainage aspiration Redon tube, gastrostomy and massive antibiotic treatment for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Daily antiseptic lavage was performed on the aspiration tube for 4 weeks, which led to the suppression of gastrostomy after 6 weeks. Conclusions. The emergency surgery, performed with a multidisciplinary, competent and professional team, has been associated with massive and targeted antibiotic treatment and cervical dressings, performed under septic conditions, and leading to the heal of the cervical mediastinal suppuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laryngeal cancer represents the malignant degeneration, of epithelial nature or from the connective tissue, which starts in the constitutive elements of the larynx. Cancer localization in the larynx represents between 1% and 3% of all malignant tumors and approximately 50% of ear, nose and throat (ENT) tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form (around 95%) of laryngeal cancer, with high incidence in human males from southern and central Europe, Romania occupying one of the top places. Material and Methods. Our study consisted of 490 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer from 2010 to 2016. They have been clinically, histologically, immunohistochemically, genetically, therapeutically and prognostically analyzed. Suspended microlaringoscopy has been the standard, allowing tumor extension evaluation and biopsy. All specimens were microscopically analyzed in standard or special histology stainings. For unclear histology specimens, immunohistochemical stainings were performed. Results and discussions. Histological types have been represented as follows: 31 carcinomas in situ, 17 microinvasive carcinoma, 205 poorly differentiated carcinomas, 138 moderately differentiated carcinomas, 63 well differentiated carcinomas, 8 papillary carcinomas, 1 leiomyosarcoma, 1 chondrosarcoma, 6 basaloid squamous cell carcinomas, 4 verrucous carcinoma, 1 malignant melanoma. Conclusions. The study brings to light the importance of integrated clinical, morphological and genetic evaluation of laryngeal cancer, regarding tumoral invasion grading and establishing an adequate surgical and oncologic treatment. The importance of immunohistochemistry in laryngeal cancer concerns prognosis factors which correlate with the evolution and histopathological degree of the lesion. The analysis of tumor invasion can lead to the development of therapeutic conduct and the establishment of prognostic markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND Tyrosinases are involved in enzymatic browning reactions in damaged fruits during post-harvest handling and processing. The overall structure of tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus mushrooms at different pH values was monitored using fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. RESULTS When the pH value was increased from 6.0 to 9.0, the protein passed through several structural intermediates, including the tetramer, trimer and dimer stages. Changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of tyrosinase at neutral pH were outlined after running molecular dynamics simulations. A detailed check at the single-molecule level by means of molecular modeling tools suggested that the most important contribution to the fluorescence intensity is given by the H subunits with seven Trp and nine Tyr residues exposed to the solvent, whereas the lectin-like folded L subunits have only six Trp and three Tyr residues, of which only Trp15, Trp59 and Trp93 are partially exposed to the solvent. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the enzyme was sensitive to pH. The experimental results revealed the unfolding of the native tetrameric enzyme in acidic pH range, causing exposure of the hydrophobic residues. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mastoid process is important both for the muscle insertions on its external face, but also for the presence of the pneumatized cells from its internal structure. This paper aims to morphologically analyze the mastoid process and its involvement in the dissemination of endo and exocranial infections. The first part of the study was conducted on 15 skulls prepared in Anatomy Department, exemplifying in the second part of the study on clinical cases. The measurements performed focused on the height, length and thickness of the mastoid process, but also on the oblique diameter of the temporal bone and the distance between the mastoid apex and the mandibular fossa. Imaging had an important role on studying both the skulls and the clinical cases, analyzing the pneumatization degree of the mastoid process. The measurements performed on skulls revealed well-developed mastoid processes, belonging to adult skulls, and less developed mastoid processes belonging to children skulls, the correlation with the morphological aspect suggesting sexual dimorphism. The infectious mastoid processes, sometimes representing complications themselves, can cause feared complications like: lateral venous sinus thrombosis, brain abscess, but also local externalizing and facial paralysis. Knowledge of the anatomy of the mastoid process is required both to assess sexual dimorphism but also to prevent exo and endocranian infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethmoid sinus is often considered "the key of the sinus system" because from it develop all the other paranasal sinuses that show drainage pathways on its lateral wall.The aim of this paper is to update the anatomical data regarding the ethmoidal labyrinth, starting from the analysis of the incidence of acute rhinosinusitis and its complications in relation to age. The entire system of paranasal sinuses will form from the embryonic infundibulum starting with the paleosinus (ethmoid). All craniofacial structures surrounding the infundibular region can be invaded by the ethmoidal cells. The colonization of the frontal sinus starts in the first year of life,being identifiable at the age of 12. The pneumatization of the ethmoid bone starts in the fourth month of intrauterine life. The second pneumatization occurs between 6months and 2 years after birth. The second pneumatization of the sphenoid occurs after 6-7 years. The second pneumatization of the maxillary sinusis completearound the age of 18. In our study, the fewest cases of rhinosinusitis were identified in thegroups of 0-9 years old (78 cases), and these were only ethmoiditis. The second pneumatization of the ethmoid is present at the age of 2, aspect that supports the increased frequency of ethmoiditis in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyphenol oxidases are found both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, in mammals, invertebrates and plants. Most plants have multiple forms of PPO. The more recent articles regarding the polyphenol oxidases from different plants are reviewed. The main characteristics considered were the sources, structure and properties of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) as well as the inhibitors of this enzyme. The polyphenol oxidase was extracted and purified from different plants such as parsley, banana, grapes, durum wheat, etc and it was achieved a fold purification in the range 3.32 - 259 with a recovery between 5.11 - 44.3% The optimum pH and temperature for polyphenol oxidases from various sources of plants were in the range of 4.0 - 8.5 and 30°C - 80°C. The affinity of the enzyme varied depending on the substrate used, thus the polyphenol oxidases from plants had the highest affinity for 4-methylcatechol, catechol and pyrogallol. For the inhibition studies, there were tested many substances but the most effective inhibitors for almost every PPO were: ascorbic acid, citric acid, L-cysteine and sodium metabisulfite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The aim of the study is to analyze the changes that occur in the mucosa of ontogenic maxillary sinusitis patients. Material and methods - The study included 127 patients diagnosed with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis admitted to the County Hospital Craiova, ENT Clinic in 2006-2010; out of them there were selected 47 patients who underwent surgery, practising radical Caldwell-Luc sinus cure. Sinus mucosa taken during these inteventions was analysed in terms of histopathological hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results - Histopathological study of sinus mucosa taken during surgery allowed us to observe the presence of the following cellular infiltrates: existence of a microscopic respiratory type epithelium, often ulcerated, subjacent dense collagen stroma with myxoid areas alone or combined with hyalinisation areas; presence of diffuse lymphoplamocitary infiltrate, subepithelial or focal, periglandular; the presence of this lymphoplamocitary infiltrate shows chronic inflammation of sinus mucosa; presence of eosinophilic infiltrate with or without lymphoplasmocitary infiltrate; presence of chronic xantogranulomatous infiltrate. Discussion and conclusion - In odontogenic maxillary sinusitis histopathology of sinus mucosa, performed regularly, confirms the clinical diagnosis. Histopathological examination is necessary to identify a possible malignant lesion. In general, the changes are not characteristic for sinusitis of dental origin but we have to take into consideration the adagium "if it is important enough to have it removed, it is important enough to have it investigated". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obiectiv. Lucrarea a avut ca scop studiul aspectelor diagnostice şi terapeutice în suspiciunile de corp străin traheobronşic la copil. Material şi metodă. Studiul retrospectiv a fost efectuat pe 106 cazuri cu suspiciune de corp străin traheobronşic (CSTB), internate şi tratate în Clinica ORL a Spitalului Clinic Judeţean de Urgenţă din Craiova în intervalul dintre anii 2006 şi 2010. Rezultate. Din 77 cazuri (72%) confi rmate în urma bronhoscopiei, 68% au fost înregistrate la băieţi. La grupa de vârstă 1-3 ani au fost întâlnite majoritatea cazurilor (63,63%). Sindromul de penetraţie a fost întâlnit în 88,31%. Cel mai frecvent simptom a fost tusea, într-un procent de 96,10, urmat de dispnee cu 81,81% şi cianoza în 58,44%. Cel mai frecvent semn radiologic întâlnit a fost emfi zemul (27%) urmat de atelectazie (18%). Corpii străini organici predomină în lotul studiat (83,11%) urmaţi de cei anorganici (16,89%). Concluzii. Evoluţia şi prognosticul aspirării de corp străin traheo-bronşic depind de precocitatea diagnosticului şi a intervenţiei terapeutice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the paper. To highlight the complication of otic mastoid infection with venous lateral sinus thrombophlebitis, and to present the emergency therapeutic involvement. Objectives of the paper. The correlation of clinical signs, laboratory and imaging paraclinics for the diagnosis of otic mastoiditis and venous lateral sinus thrombophlebitis necessitated emergency medical and surgical treatment for the suppression of the infection. Materials and method. Patients admitted to the ENT clinic during 2009-2015 and diagnosed with thrombophlebitis (nine cases, of which three were children). Results and discussion. Out of the 196 cases of chronic cholesteatoma otic mastoiditis, only nine patients had venous lateral sinus thrombophlebitis (4.5%). Fetid otorrhea, hemicrania and false hyperleukocytosis led to CT scanning to detect the venous lateral thrombophlebitis in eight cases. In one case - a 3-year-old child, feverish, with severegeneral condition, with unaffected eardrums - the MRI exam established the venous lateral thrombosis and mastoid suppuration. The treatment of all patients was represented by antibiotics and corticosteroid therapy, and emergency surgical intervention on the mastoid and sinus outbreaks (thrombus removal, permeabilization, exclusion plugging). All patients evolved favorably. Conclusions. Even though rarely, venous lateral sinus thrombophlebitis from suppurative otic mastoiditis is a serious disease, and the diagnosis and emergency surgical treatment are beneficial to patients in most cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the paper. To highlight the benefits of endoscopic diagnostic and therapeutic exploration in laryngeal pathology. Objective of the paper. To facilitate clinical diagnosis and endoscopic therapy. Materials and method. A 5-year (2013- 2017) study of patients with dysphonic laryngeal, dyspneic and dysphagic laryngeal pathology with telescope-suspended laryngoscope, a camera connected to the monitor under general anesthesia. Endoscopically, 644 patients, aged between 16 and 81 years old, were treated with 818 diagnostic, therapeutic and exploratory-evolutionary laryngoscopies. Results and discussions. The benign princeps pathology was represented by laryngeal polyps (19.56%), followed by myxomas. Malignant tumors were diagnosed in 28.41% of the study group. The excision of benign tumors or biopsy of presumed malignant tumors was performed under the Kantor Berci II telescopic laryngoscope. The advantage of the optical device connected to the video camera and implicitly to the monitor by augmenting the image was that it elucidated the diagnosis and allowed the optimal functional treatment to be applied. Conclusions. Modern telescopic laryngoscopes producing a well-defined peripheral image and a depth of endoscopic focus, alongside the finest instrumentation, allow for accurate excisions and targeted sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

of the study. Metallic esophageal foreign bodies in children is a frequent pathology, sometimes life-threatening if they are located in the region of the esophagus compared with aortic arch, especially if the metal is sharp esophageal foreign body. Subjective and functional symptoms depends on the detection of the foreign body and the appearance or not of the complications (acute esophagitis with mucosal edema, chronic esophagitis, you can continue with perforations of the walls by compression exerted by the foreign body; lethal perforations aortic esophageal etc.). Dysphagia is the main symptom onset can be presented most often as dysphagia for solids, liquids swallowing is possible, especially if metallic foreign bodies (coins, pins, toys fragments) are located in front of the esophagus lumen. Esophageal chest pain is present when foreign bodies are cranial fix. It will be correlated with clinical symptoms, radiological and endoscopic examination. Material and method. We present you the casuistry of metallic esophageal foreign bodies solved at E.N.T. Departement of Craiova in the period 2013-2015, the clinical and therapeutic aspects. Results. I have met a total of 285 patients diagnosed with oesophageal foreign body, including 144 patients with a diagnosis of metallic esophageal foreign body. There are three areas where you can stop the most common foreign esophageal bodies: mouth, esophagus, bronhoaortic region and hiatal region. Esophagoscopy is the key of diagnostic and ensure foreign body extraction. It will always use general anesthesia. Conclusions. The only treatment possible for esophageal foreign bodies is their rapid extraction by esophagoscopy in mixed team after it was established the situation of the foreign body by X-rays. In case of delayed extraction or complications we use intensive processes and administer massive antibiotic therapy. The child will be released only when completely healed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Chronic adenoamigdalites is the prerogative of childhood and are the most common problems in the pathology of inflammatory throat with multiple locoregional complications (acute otitis media, otitis catarrhal, otitis adhesive, otitis suppurated with deafness, chronic rhinitis mucopurulent sinusitis, eye infections and lacrimal tract, respiratory infections downward) and remote (glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever, endocarditis, enteritis, appendicitis, persistent albuminuria). Starting from these data, we aimed to investigate histological and immunohistochemical changes some of the tonsillar lymphoid tissue and stroma adenoamigdalitis patients with chronic and acute or chronic otic inflammatory pathology. Methods. In this study we considered a total of 243 pieces, represented by palatine tonsils, tubing and peritubal tissue harvested from 94 patients aged 3 to 16 years after surgery performed in ENT Clinic from Craiova in the period 1.01.2011-31.12.2015, in which adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy/amigdalotomy were imposed as a therapeutic necessity. For changes in histological stains there were used: hematoxylin-eosin, impregnation argentic Gömöri and tricromicul green light (Goldner technique - Szeckeli). LSAB technique used immunohistochemical study of CD20 and CD45 antibodies for the evidence of lymphocyte B and E, respectively, T lymphocytes. Results. The study revealed multiple microscopic and immunohistochemical changes in tonsil structures, both lymphoid tissue stroma and at the level. In all cases studied, lymphoid follicles hyperplasia and hypertrophy occurred with excessive development of germinal center clear as responsive to the presence of specific antigens. Conclusions. Histologically, in chronic hypertrophic adenoamigdalit we were able to distinguish two different aspects: chronic inflammatory hyperplasia in which the hypertrophy follicle is accompanied by changes in stroma tonsil in which the fibers collagen occurring organized bays thick with tumbling marked fiber reticulin and simple hyperplasia non-inflammatory follicular hypertrophy characterized by preserving normal architectonic stoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scopul lucrării. Urmărirea manifestărilor subiective și obiective ale supurațiilor endocraniene secundare otitelor medii. Material și metodă. Sunt analizaţi bolnavii internați în Clinica ORL Craiova pe o perioadă de 10 ani, în 21 de cazuri: complicaţii endocraniene post-otită supurată cronică în 17 cazuri și post-otită medie acută în 4 cazuri. Am întâlnit tromboflebită de sinus sigmoid cu tromboză de venă jugulară în 14 cazuri, abces cerebelos la 1 caz, abces cerebral în 4 cazuri, meningită otogenă în 2 cazuri. Rezultate. Simptomatologia subiectivă și obiectivă a fost dominată de hemicranie, inapetență, febră în dinți de ferăstrău, stare generală alterată, dureri la palparea punctelor mastoidiene, grețuri, vărsături, dezechilibru cu baza largă de susținere, redoare de ceafă, fotofobie. Suspiciunea clinică de complicație endocraniană a fost confirmată de imagistica computer-tomogafică. Asanarea focarului otic după rezolvarea supurației endocraniene a abcesului cerebral sau cerebelos a dus la diminuarea până la dispariție a simptomatologiei. Tromboflebita sinusului venos lateral a beneficiat de excluderea sa concomitent cu ligatura venei jugulare interne. Concluzii. Apariția hemicraniei, a stării generale alterate la un bolnav cu supurație auriculară trebuie să îndrepte atenția către o complicație endocraniană. Persistența durerii de cap, a vărsăturilor implică investigarea CT craniană pentru diagnostic de certitudine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scopul lucrării. Prezentarea complicaţiilor endocraniene ale supuraţiilor auriculare din punctul de vedere al atitudinii terapeutice, cu exemplificarea unor cazuri clinice edificatoare. Material şi metodă. Se exemplifică cazurile clinice ale unor bolnavi internaţi în Clinica ORL Craiova care au prezentat complicaţii endocraniene şi exocraniene după supuraţii otice îndelungate, confirmaţi prin examinare computer-tomografică sau rezonanţă magnetică nucleară. Rezultate. Metodele terapeutice au constat în intervenţii chirurgicale de urgenţă de asanare a focarelor mastoidiene şi a complicaţiilor supurative exocraniene şi endocraniene, concomitent cu tratamentul neurochirurgical şi tratamentul antibiotic specific, condus de medicul infecţionist. Evoluţia a fost favorabilă la toate cazurile prezentate, cu vindecarea complicaţiilor prin asanarea focarului supurativ otic. Concluzii. Supuraţia auriculară veche, colesteatomatoasă, este sursă de complicaţii atât endotemporale, exocraniene, cât şi endocraniene. Rezolvarea chirurgicală de urgenţă a complicaţiilor supurative asigură succesul terapeutic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducere. Starea precanceroasă laringiană presupune leziuni cu o probabilitate crescută de a dezvolta cancer. în 1923, Jakson a introdus conceptul de leziuni laringiene premaligne, iar Kleinsasser (1963) realizează prima clasificare. Mai sunt cunoscute ca: stări precanceroase, leziuni premaligne, stări de graniţă (frontieră), stări precursoare, iar clinic: laringita cronică, leucoplazia*laringiană, erythroplakia. Material şi metodă. în cadrul lucrării sunt evaluate principalele gene implicate, împreună cu aspectele histologice şi imunohistochimice definitorii. Rezultate şi concluzii. Clasificările actuale presupun împărţirea în 4 grade evolutive (displazie uşoară, moderată, severă şi carcinom in situ). Tranziţia de la epiteliul normal la carcinomul scuamocelular laringian se realizează în cadrul unui multistadial, cu acumularea progresivă de alterări genetice, care implică pierderea funcţiilor supresoare tumorale, activarea oncogenelor şi rearanjarea expresiei moleculelor de adeziune cu modularea producerii de enzime proteolitice. Tratamentul acestor leziuni precanceroase ale laringelui este de principiu chirurgical, prin microchirurgie laringiană, unii autori recomandând şi un tratament medical cu vitamina A şi retinoizi, inhibitori de ciclo-oxigenază 2 sau terapie fotodinamică. Supravegherea în dinamică a procesului patologic în leziuni cu risc de degenerare malignă este obligatorie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scopul lucrării. Prezentarea şi exemplificarea complicaţiilor orbitooculare din cadrul rinosinuzitelor. Obiectivul lucrării. Descrierea fiecărei entităţi clinice din cadrul clasificării Chandler a complicaţiilor orbitooculare. Material şi metodă. Sunt prezentate 5 cazuri clinice sugestive pentru celulita preseptală, celulită orbitală, abces subperiostal, flegmon de orbită şi tromboflebită de sinus cavernos. Rezultate. Instituirea rapidă a tratamentului medico-chirurgical a fost favorabilă la majoritatea cazurilor, cu păstrarea funcţiei oculare şi eradicarea infecţiei. Concluzii. Complicaţiile orbito-oculare ale rinosinuzitelor necesită instituirea unui tratament de urgenţă. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducere. Cancerul laringian reprezintă degenerescenţa malignă, de natură epitelială sau conjunctivă, născută din elementele constitutive ale laringelui. Localizarea cancerului de la nivelul laringelui ocupă între 1 şi 3% din totalul tumorilor maligne şi aproximativ 50% din tumorile sferei ORL, carcinomul scuamos însumând în jur de 95% din tumorile maligne laringiene. Incidenţa cea mai marea acestuia este întâlnită la persoanele de sex masculin din sudul şi centrul Europei, România ocupând unul din primele locuri. Material şi metodă. Au fost analizate anatomoclinic, histologic, imunohistochimic, genetic, terapeutic şi prognostic cazurile diagnosticate cu cancer laringian în perioada 2009-2014. Rezultate. Studiul cuprinde 437 de pacienţi diagnosticaţi cu cancer de laringe, cu un raport B/F de 42,7/1 Majoritatea au fost din mediul rural - 67%, cu predominanţa vârstei de 50-70 de ani - 72%. Stadializarea TNM relevă faptul că 93,5% dintre pacienţi s-au prezentat în stadiile III, IV. Tipurile histologice au fost reprezentate după cum urmează: 30 carcinoame in situ, 15 carcinoame microinvazive, 185 carcinoame slab diferenţiate, 130 carcinoame moderat diferenţiate, 60 carcinoame bine diferenţiate, 8 carcinoame papilare, 1 leiomiosarcom, 1 condrosarcom, 5 carcinoame bazaloide, 1 carcinom verucos, 1 melanom malign. Genotiparea cu identificarea şi evaluarea comparativă a frecvenţei alelice pentru genele incluse în studiu, determinarea expresiilor genice cu detectarea şi cuantificarea transcripţiilor de interes prin Real Time PCR au condus la o analiză comparativă cantitativă a expresiei genelor implicate în carcinogeneza laringiană. Tipul intervenţiei chirurgicale, diagnostic/curativ/paliativ, radical/parţial este asociat cu tipul histologic, gradingul de diferenţiere tumorală, invazia vasculară sau/şi perineurală şi, eventual, examene imunohistochimice complementare, împreună cu markeri genetici ce se pot constitui în ţinte ale unor protocoale complexe de screening/ diagnostic sau prognostic al cancerului laringian. Concluzii. Studiul evidenţiază importanţa evaluării integrate clinice, morfologice şi genetice â cancerului de laringe, în vederea codificării gradului de invazie tumorală şi a stabilirii unui tratament chirurgical şi oncologic adecvat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]