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Present study explores the importance of fish farming in the livelihood of small scale fish farmers of Batiaghata upazila in the Southwestern region of Bangladesh. This is an exploratory type study, which selects three villages of Batiaghata upazila. It collects primary data from 30 fish cultivators through questionnaire survey and key informant interview method. The study findings show that fish cultivation is the main occupation for 56.67 percent of the farmers. It has an important implication for ensuring emergency cash flow in terms of urgent medical expenses, financing children’s education and supporting household economy in times of maintaining social and family occasions. It also alters households’ protein consumption level and income, expenditure and savings pattern of the households. Recognizing the importance of small scale fish farming in the region, present study suggest government and non government organizations ensuring efficient marketing, expanding training program and ensuring supply of quality fish fry and fingerlings.

Introduction: Catheter associated urinary tract infection is one of the most important Device associated infection (DAI) and it is also one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patients. Aims And Objects: To isolate and identify organisms causing catheter associated urinary tract infection and determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Materials And Methods: This study was carried out from November 2011-October 2013, a total of 71 samples were collected. These samples were processed using routine biochemical test. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI recommendations. Result: A total of 11 samples were positive and 12 organisms were isolated, of which 3 were Gram positive and 9 were Gram negative organisms. The most common Gram positive isolate was S.aureus and E.coli was the most common Gram negative isolate. All the S.aureus isolates were Methicillin resistant (MRSA). But it was 100% sensitivity to vancomycin, linezolid and co-trimoxazole. As for the gram negative organisms, it was most sensitive to imipenem. Conclusion: Gram negative isolates were the most common pathogens in catheterised patients. Measures to control DAI are needed to decrease morbity and mortality among the admitted patient, for the hospital to develop a strict antibiotic policy and also the information is needed for creation of such devices which can prevent device associated infections. I. Introduction Catheter associated urinary tract infection is one of the most important Device associated infection (DAI) and it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. The frequency of such infection particularly in hospitalised patients and the agents and their resistance rates should be identified for better treatment, infection control and creation of a better hospital antibiotic policy. Studies examining nosocomial infections for the purpose of assessing the nosocomial infection rate are one of the most important indicators of the quality of health services.

Identifying an infection source in a network is a challenging problem. An infection source can be either a disease, virus or a rumor spreading through a network. Detection of infection source in a network, allows timely quarantine of the infection like a virus spreading in a network, thus limiting the damage caused. Here we take the computer virus as an infection source and tries to identify the infection source based on the knowledge of which nodes are infected and their connections. For the detection of an infection source, we use signature scanning method. Signature scanning is the most popular method of virus scanning and is capable of detecting more than 80% of viruses.

In this digital era, most important thing is to deal with digital documents, organizations using handwritten documents for storing their information can use handwritten character recognition to convert this information into digital. Handwritten Devanagari characters are more difficult for recognition due to presence of header line, conjunct characters and similarity in shapes of multiple characters. This paper deals with development of grid based method which is combination of image centroid zone and zone centroid zone of individual character or numerical image. In feature extraction using grid or zone based approach individual character or numerical image is divided into n equal sized grids or zones then average distance of all pixels with respect to image centroid or grid centroid is computed. In combination of image centroid and zone centroid approach it computes average distance of all pixels present in each grid with respect to image centroid as well as zone centroid which gives feature vector of size 2xn features. This feature vector is presented to feed forward neural network for recognition. Complete process of Devanagari character recognition works in stages as document preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction using grid based approach followed by recognition using feed forward neural network.

Turbo-codes have attracted a great deal of interest since their discovery in 1993. This paper reviews the reasons for this, in particular their attainment of the ultimate limits of the capacity of a communication channel. Turbo-codes promise the attainment of the ‘Holy Grail’ of communication theory, sought for nearly half a century to achieve the ultimate limits of capacity of a communication channel. It is not surprising, therefore, that they have very rapidly moved from the research laboratories to find practical application throughout the world and beyond it. Following their announcement in 1993, they have found a very wide range of applications, mainly in wireless communications, ranging from the third generation mobile systems to deepspace exploration. Now there is lots of advancement take place in turbo codes by the use of interleave division multiple access. The interleaver combines the output of turbo decoders. Several new interleaver designs for turbo codes are presented which illustrate the important role that the interleaver plays in these codes. The relationship between turbo codes and Low density parity check codes is explored via an explicit formulation of the parity-check matrix of a turbo code, and simulation results are given for sum product decoding of a turbo code. Our discussion encompasses analysis and optimization techniques, superposition-coded modulation, frequency domain processing schemes and the applications of IDMA in multiple-input multiple-output, relay and ad hoc environments. We demonstrate the flexibility and robustness provided by IDMA. We show that the IDMA principle can be applied to realize many potential performance gains highlighted by information theory, including coding gain, diversity gain and multi-user gain. We demonstrate that these gains can be very high, ranging from a few to tens of dBs, compared with conventional approaches. Keyword: Interleavers, iterative decoding, low-density parity-check codes, convolutional codes, turbo codes

Aging is a natural phenomenon that leads to various changes in the physiology of the skin. The changes occurring in the physiology of the skin makes the candidate to appear old. Application of antiaging creams is the best choice even though various treatment methods are available because it nourishes skin and prevents or repairs fine lines and wrinkles thus giving young looking appearance. Apart from that, nature has an excellent anti-aging remedies that acts externally whereas internally to delay aging signs and some will act to repair and prevent aging signs. In the present study, Moringa oleifera was studied for its antiaging benefits as the seed oil is rich in antioxidants that might prevent the oxidative damage of the skin. By using the Moringa seed oil in various ratios, cream and nano emulsion were prepared and they are characterised for its physical properties. The best formula was optimised which has been evaluated for antiaging activity using animal models by topical application of the formulations for two times a day upto 30days and the results were compared with the standard. The results showed that the nano emulsion formulation was found more efficacious than the cream formulation. This shows that the moringa oil has a good antiaging activity and donot showed any irritant effects on skin.

An integrated system for video summarization, browsing and presentation, based on large amount of personal and web video clips. Content-consistent shots are retrieved from a video pool in order to form a descriptive long-shot video automatically by video authoring and transition to present events, persons or scenic spots captured at various remote places in an informative manner. Users accessing the application have to register their information via user authentication. Recognized users records and their personal information are secured and maintained by the administration. Input short videos are converted into frames in pre-processing where each frames are resized and merged into a single video for video categorization. Videos are categorized by using transition clues like human, object. The frames are categorized into human and nonhuman frames by using Viola-Jones algorithm where Region Of Interest is used to separate the frames. Human frames are composed with and without reference image by using Back Propagation Network with the help of Trainee Database which consists of list of human frames with different angles in a specific Group. Non Human frames are composed with and without Reference image by using Speeded up Robust Features where object and sequence matching process are performed. Object frames and related sequence frames are categorized into a separate folder and converted into separate single shot videos. The system provides an efficient video browsing mode to generate matching graph of videos.

This paper presents the design and simulation of rectangular microstrip antenna with Dual T-shaped slots for wireless communicaions with frequency standards 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz specified by IEEE 802.15.3a.The shape will provide the bandwidth which is required in various application like remote sensing, mobile radio, etc. The antenna design is an improvement from previous research with single T slot and it is simulated. Microstrip line edge feeding technique is used in the design analysis. The performance of the designed antenna was analyzed in terms of bandwidth, gain, return loss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. Substrate used here is DUROID which has a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0009. The results show that the antenna is able to operate at 4.84 GHz and 6.81 GHz frequency band with operating frequency at 5 GHz. Keywords:multi frequency, microstrip

Introduction: Psychotherapeutic management strategies for curbing psychopathology and its sequel in abused young children and their parents, has been scarcely reported by clinicians or caretakers, in hospital setups in India. Classical clinical evidences and international guidelines for holistic psychotherapeutic management of such cases recommends,‘short-term cognitive behavioral approach’ works well in handling and releasing the abused child and their caretakers from the emotional impact of the abuse. The objective: The present case report aims to document and disseminate the treatment outcomes of the usefulness of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children in emotional problems in a reported case of a sexually abused pre-schooler and her parents. The Design: A brief clinical single case based report on the clinical manifestation, psychological assessments, therapeutic formulation and psychotherapeutic account of a 5 year old, abused girl child, diagnosed as per ICD-10,DCR, with ‘other unspecified behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence’, referred to the Clinical psychologists for management. The Method: Based on a comprehensive psychiatric history taking, psychological assessment and therapeutic formulation,a Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children Affected by Sexual Abuse (Cohen, Mannarino, Deblinger,2012) was offered by 2 trained licensed Clinical psychologists, to both the index patient and the parents, with a total of 19, 90minutes , bi-weekly individual sessions, followed by 3 conjoint parentchild-therapist sessions and a follow-up of 3 months. Symptoms were monitored for change by the therapist on the 2 outcome measures: Daily behavior checklist, and child sexual behavior inventory (Friederich, 1992), &by the parents after each session on daily basis. Statistical Analysis: Clinically significant changes (50% and above) based on preand post-therapy data scores on outcome measures were used to assess the efficacy of the therapeutic intervention. Results and Discussion: Results indicate the intervention was effective. The challenges faced by the clinician, in terms of management of the complex psychopathology, sensitive socio-cultural and developmental history of the index patient, are discussed below.

Background: Use of exfoliative cytology and cyto-analysis is a useful early diagnostic method for epithelial atypia and for human oral neoplasm. Rare occurrences of cytological atypia appear to be very thin, elongated, fibre like structures in oral epithelia is named as keratinized fiber cells (KFCs). In the present study, the aim is to quantify the KFCs and to analyze it morphometrically with a cytodiagnostic approach. Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, exfoliated scraped cytosmears were collected from the affected sites of the clinically diagnosed 136 oral cancer patients over the pre-cleaned microslides and immediately fixed in acetoalcohol. Cytosmears were stained with routine Papanicolaou’s stain and counterstained with the Giemsa’s solution. Out of one thousand screened cells, the KFCs were scored from each stained sample following standard criteria. Cytomorphometry was done by using computer-assisted Cat Cam 1.30 (1.3 Mega Pixel) microscope camera of Catalyst Biotech(Maharashtra, India). Findings were statistically analyzed, interpreted and correlated with the oral sites, sex and nature of addiction. Results: Keratinized fiber cells (KFCs) exhibit both cytological and nuclear pleomorphism. Usually, two types of KFCs–named as Large Keratinized fiber cells (LKFCs) and small Keratinized fiber cells (SKFCs) were observed in 53.76% of total collected samples from the premalignant and malignant cases. Almost all KFCs are moderately differentiated with an elongated fiber contour in each and are the pleomorphic form of normal oral squamous cells. Keratin expression in the cytoplasm in KFCs indicates epidermoid origin. The terminal ends are either pin-pointed or narrowly blunt. The nucleus is also found to be elongated inside the cytoplasm of KFCs. In rare cases, the nucleiof the KFCs may be either polarized or ink-dot shaped. Cytological as well as nuclear pleomorphism, pattern of keratiniztion, hyperchromasia and increased nuclear-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratios in KFCs are of cytopathological importance and are the signs and clear indication of malignancy. Conclusion: Genesis of KFCs in the epithelia of oral neoplasm is a sign of neo-fibrosis. Pattern of keratiniztion, hyperchromasia, nuclear pleomorphism and increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios (N/C) in KFCs are of cytopathological importance and thus appearance of KFCs in oral epithelia has a practical utility in early detection and diagnosis of the oral cancer patients.

With the development of Android OS, an open source operating system has created an android world and enhance the software development skills, where developers are creating new application for Android devices. Application are typically developed using Java programming language using the Android Software Development Kit but another languages such as Python being dynamically typed is more preferable nowadays compared to Java. Here we created an Offline Android Application-Appointment Scheduler and Location Helper using File operation. Moreover in this application user can schedule his appointment and the user can get to know the path and direction of any nearby places by Location Helper.

In this paper, the study of the behavior temperature of the Y zeolite is discussed. In first we have synthetized the product from the two precursors of aluminate and silicate. The characterization was carried out by using X-ray diffraction powder. In the last step of the synthesis, we have chosen the crystallization temperature. The obtention of the Y zeolite is mostly affected by this parameter. In order to follow the effect of this, 3 values are chosen for this synthesis. The 3 powders were characterized by XRD. The obtained spectrawere decomposed and indexed to obtain the Laue group space. The research of the best space group is undertaken in CheckCell program. The analysis of the different solution with different CFOM allowed the choice of the true solution. To validate the result, profile matching with Fullprof program is made. This transition let us think that the evolution from cubic to tetragonal systems can be explained by the relation group-subgroup.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex, sensitive, and highly mobile joint. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a class of degenerative musculoskeletal conditions associated with morphologic and functional deformities that affect up to 25% of the population. The most frequent structural (as opposed to muscular) cause of TMD are Internal derangement , which involves progressive slipping a displacement of component of temporo mandibular joint called articular disc.The disc is a piece of cartilage located between the condyle (ball) and fossa (socket)of the joint.The disc can degenerate , becoming misshapes or even torn. Because the deranged joint willcontinue to try to function in an impaired manner, so that internal derangement disorder often get progressively worse with time. In the mechanically demanding and biochemically active environment of the TMJ, therapeutic conservative and surgical approaches that can restore joint functionality while responding to changes in the joint have become a necessity.

Every Electronic circuit is assumed to operate off some supply voltage which is usually assumed to be constant. A voltage regulator is a power electronic circuit that maintains a constant output voltage irrespective of change in load current or line voltage. Many different types of voltage regulators with a variety of control schemes are used. With the increase in circuit complexity and improved technology a more severe requirement for accurate and fast regulation is desired. This has led to need for newer and more reliable design of dc-dc converters. The dc-dc converter inputs an unregulated dc voltage input and outputs a constant or regulated voltage. The regulators can be mainly classified into linear and switching regulators. All regulators have a power transfer stage and a control circuitry to sense the output voltage and adjust the power transfer stage to maintain the constant output voltage.Since a feedback loop is necessary to maintain regulation, some type of compensation is required to maintain loop stability. Compensation techniques vary for different control schemes and a small signal analysis of system is necessary to design a stable compensation circuit. State space analysis is typically used to develop a small signal model of a converter and then depending on the type of control scheme used, the small signal model of converter is modified to facilitate the design of the compensation network. In contrast to a state space approach, PWM switch modeling develops a small signal of switching components of converterSystem level models are implemented using the Simulink in Mat lab. Thefollowing study provides details of methodologies for designing each component or block used in the switching regulator. Finally, simulation results are presented for voltage and V2 control schemes and their performance results are compared and inferences are drawnon the performance of current mode control. Keyword:Interleavers, iterative decoding, low-density parity-check codes, convolutional codes, turbo codes.

Trace metals content of atmospheric dusts continue to attract global attention as more anthropogenic activities including urban road construction impacted on the natural metals load of airborne particulates. This study employed analytical procedures to investigate the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, vanadium, tin and manganese in atmospheric dusts deposition in Katima Mulilo metropolis, Namibia. Replicate samples were collected on five days interval under dry winter conditions from mid- August to mid-October, 2013. Samples were collected from within 40 m radius at selected locations along Katima Mulilo urban road construction and from a quite residential area; 2 km away from the road work. Processed samples were digested by EPA method 3050B followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophometer (ICP: Perkin Elmer Optima 7000 DV) analysis. The results obtained showed that manganese recorded the highest concentration in the dusts deposition collected within the urban road construction (155.67±2.52 mg/kg) and residential area (64.00±2.64 mg/kg) respectively. Tin recorded the lowest concentration with mean levels of 0.60±0.10 mg/kg along the road construction and 0.24±0.07 mg/kg in the residential area. T-test analysis of the variations in concentrations of the trace metals were statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, the levels of the trace metals recorded in this study were lower than their permissible concentrations recommended by Canadian soil quality guidelines for the protection of environment and human health. There is a very strong positive inter-elemental correlations and the metals enrichment factors showed moderate enrichment. These suggested common and input from anthropogenically induced sources respectively. Single element pollution indexes of the metals showed low contaminations but the levels of arsenic, cadmium, nickel and vanadium in the atmospheric dusts deposition could become source of health concern following environmental accumulations and non-biodegradation of the trace metals. Thus, it is recommended that periodic evaluation of the trace metals content of the atmospheric dusts deposition should be sustained to monitor future accumulation.

Evaluating performance through ratio analysis is a sin-qua-non for sustainable growth and measuring future risk of liquidation of a manufacturing company. The current study is an attempt to evaluate the status of the financial performance of Summit Power Limited (SPL) through liquidity, profitability and productivity position of SPL. The study found that the financial performance in terms of liquidity and profitability is considered to be above satisfactory level. In case of activity ratio accounts receivables turnover indicates satisfactory which means the policy and management for collecting credit from customers is efficient. Inventory turnover ratio indicates the worse that means the stock is not rapidly turned over. Total asset turnover ratio is not satisfactory which means inefficient utilization of investment in generating more revenue. The study also depicted that SPL's long term solvency position in terms of debt to total asset ratio was not satisfactory which means SPL carried higher debt and had been incurring a heavy burden of interest and risk during 2004 to 2012. The value of Z also indicates the financial soundness and less risk of bankruptcy of SPL. The study suggest some policy implications for future growth and development of SPL like; introduction of modern technologies and research and development, modern marketing techniques to boost up revenue, suitable pricing policy and the like.

The study examined the effect of Mentoring on Organizational Resilience in the Nigerian manufacturing industry. A total of 140 employees were randomly drawn from employees of the 31 manufacturing companies in Port Harcourt. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire and oral interview. A total of 93 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved and analyzed. Spearman's Rank Correlation Statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that Mentoring is significantly related to Organizational Resilience. Based on these findings we concluded that Mentoring has significant influence on Organizational Resilience. The study therefore recommends that organizations should use its mentoring programmes as a knowledge retention measure that will strategically channel efforts towards organizational success. In other words mentoring should be used as a tool to enhance organizational resilience.

A water balance model for efficient water management in canal command area is developed to provide demand-based water release strategies for reducing the gap between canal supplies and demands and to help irrigation engineers, agronomics and agro-meteorologist in planning, operation and management of irrigation system efficiently. The Patna canal network of the Sone Irrigation Project in India is used as a case study. This study estimates the demand at the head of the distributaries of the canal network in advance for each irrigation cycle using historical weather data, weather forecast and crop & soil conditions. This simulation combined with strong agronomic knowledge and judgment provides a powerful impact on the overall water management strategy to be adopted in the command area of the irrigation project.

There is an increase in the interest to utilize various available network structures and also the available information on social peers for improving the information needs of a user or node, this is because of the birth of online social networks. In this paper, the focus is on improvement of the performance of collecting information from the neighborhood of a user or a node in a dynamic social network. To explore user’s or node’s social network correctly we have introduced sampling based algorithms by keeping in mind the structure of social network and to approximate the quantities of interest in short time. By showing correlations across our samples we have introduced and also analyzed variants of basic sampling scheme. Here, the models of distributed and centralized network are considered. Assuming that information for each user or node is available we have showed that our algorithms can be utilized to rank nodes which are neighbor to the user. We demonstrate the working of our algorithms for approximation of various quantities of interest and validate analysis results. This is done using real and synthetic data. The methods we describe can be possibly easily adopted in verities of strategies which aim to collect information efficiently from a social graph.

In this paper we performed seismic-to-well tie and wavelet extraction that would subsequently be used for inversion. We took cognizance of the key factors that make for accurate well-to-seismic tie and ensured that the borehole seismic and the surface seismic at the borehole trajectory look as similar as possible. This was possible through quality control of the well log and seismic data, timing and log calibration, well tie location, seismic bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio and the use of well tie diagnostics that underlie a successful close well tie. The data were processed to zero phase and the dominant loop in the resulting seismic wavelet was delayed and corresponds to an increase in P-impedance. The delay on the seismic data was removed and the wavelet converted to zero phase. The ties are generally good and accurate. With this success we were able to relate directly the horizons picked on the 3D anisotropic seismic data to the well logs. We estimated the wavelets needed to invert the seismic data to impedance and rock property indicators.This was achieved by careful simultaneous analysis of the results at the wells to derive one average wavelet each for the near, mid and far angle stacks.

The availability of a reliable and low cost electric power is a primary requirement for the rapid development of any nation. The cost of production of electric power is a very important index in national development. Pricing of electricity is a function of the cost of operation of the power system itself. On the generation sector, production costs are mostly in the form of fuel costs which comprise about eighty to ninety percent of the total operation cost. Minimization of costs is necessary so as to keep prices as low as possible. Minimization of costs or optimization of operation can be done through economic load dispatch alongside unit commitment. Use of these concepts should be done in order to obtain a desirable condition. Lagrange Relaxation has become one of the best solution methods in solving the economic load dispatch problems.

The National Food Security Bill was drafted by the National Advisory Council (NAC) in 2010 and was made to address the issue of food security with an aim to provide for food and nutritional security in human life cycle approach, by ensuring access to adequate quantity and quality food at affordable prices to public to live a life with dignity and formatters connect therewith and incidental thereto. The Food Ministry circulated a draft report in September 2011 for public comments. The National Food Security Bill was finally introduced in the Lok Sabha for the first time on 22nd December, 2011.

Aim : To assess the prevalence of dental caries among cleft lip / cleft palate patients in 3- 5 years of age, at Jain Hospital. Methods: The study sample consisted of 100 children visiting Jain Hospital Bangalore in the age group of 3 to 5 years. Dental caries status was recorded using dmfs index by Grubbel.A.O. Results: Fifty percent of the children had caries and was significantly greater in cleft subjects (64%), than (36%) in the noncleft subjects. Sex wise comparison revealed that caries prevalence in males was 44%, & in females 56% and the difference was significant statistically (P

Core value system of socialism are the soul of the socialist system, it leads the mainstream value orientation and the selection of the value and determines the development of the political culture of socialism. The issue attempts to discuss the leading function of core socialist values to the development of the political culture of socialism from the four aspects---the common political conviction, the civic morality, the inheritance and reference and the institutional guarantee.

Background: Although it has been repeatedly suggested from western studies that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with lot of emotional impact. A study was undertaken to investigate whether depression occurs more often in patients with COPD than in controls. The demographic and clinical variables associated with depression were also determined. Methods: Patients with a registered diagnosis of obstructive airway disease in general practice, aged ≥40 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)

Mercury is among the heavy metals that have been reported to cause devastating health problems worldwide. The present work was aimed at investigating the effects of mercury chloride and Vitamin C administration on the cyto-architecture of the liver and some liver parameters. Thirty adult Wistar Rats of average weight of 200g were randomly divided into six groups of five rats per group. The animals were administered with different concentrations of mercury chloride orally for three weeks. Group one was the Control and was administered with normal saline, Groups two and three were administered with 52mg/kg body weight and 26.25mg/kg body weight of mercury chloride respectively while Groups four and five were administered with 52mg/kg of mercury chloride +5mg/kg of ascorbic acid and 26.25mg/kg of mercury chloride+5mg/kg of ascorbic acid respectively and Group 6 was administered 5mg/kg of ascorbic acid only. After three weeks of administration, the animals were sacrificed humanely, blood and tissue samples were collected for analysis. The results showed there was significant increase in liver biochemical parameters such as AST, ALT and ALP levels in the serum of treated animals (p

Berati Hospital plays a very important role to petition the region for some highly specialized services offered. For this reason should study all factors of the internal environment of the hospital to have a comfortable standard but also for better manage infrastructure resources. The aim of this study is to investigate the most important parameters of the microclimate, for the right operational of the micro climatic environment conditions in regional hospital Berat. Methods: An observational study, punctual, descriptive was applied to estimate the parameters of the microclimate in the premises of the regional hospital Berat. Indoors microclimate parameters which were evaluated are, ambient temperature, relative humidity, lighting and air movements. Results: The internal temperature of the environment appears to be within the norm. Relative humidity values appear to be concentrated in the upper limit of the recommended rates in many hospital environments. Very high values ranging from 0571-1001 m / s (Va.) resulting in the emergency area, laboratory and inpatient rooms in the third floor. Lighting hospital environment appears to be the norm. Discussion: The Berati Hospital for the shows that meet the conditions of a thermal comfort should be taken a number of measures in building infrastructure, to equip with central heating and cooling ventilation and circulation disciplining staff and visitors. Keywords: Micro climate, thermal comfort, (Va.)

Gustafson's age estimation includes six age related changes of teeth. He then calculated the regression formula to estimate the age. Six criteria are level of attrition, secondary dentine deposition in pulp, changes in periodontium, root resorption, cementum apposition and root translucency. The aim of the study was to study the physiological changes of teeth according to the Gustafson's criteria and to access the age of the patient according to Gustafson's formula, Maples and Rice and to derive a new formula for age estimation from teeth in Kerala population. The score was calculated from physiological changes in the teeth and a graph was plotted with actual age on one axis and the score calculated on the other. Regression formulae were derived from the obtained graph. 36 extracted anterior teeth were selected. Patient's age and periodontal status was noted at the time of extraction. Teeth were longitudinally trimmed to about 25 micrometer and microscopically evaluated. All parameters of Gustafson's formula were accessed and graded. A regression line was drawn from known age and the total score. A mean error of 4.32 ± 2.80, 3.84 ± 2.65 and 4.00 ± 2.84 was obtained with Gustafson's formula, Maples formula and newly derived formula respectively. ANOVAs test was done was done to estimate the ages and it is found to be significant.

This paper examined the economic efficiency of resources used in rice production among mechanized and non mechanized farmers in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Data were collected from a randomly sample of 132 farmers (66 non-mechanized and 66 mechanized) and analyzed using gross margin, farm financial ratio and regression analysis. The result revealed a difference of N13,900 in cost of production, N48,000 in revenue realized, N34,100 in gross margin and N19,100 in net profit accrued from the used of mechanization. The coefficient of farm size and fertilizer are positive and statistically significant at (P

Experimental induction of necrotic enteritis (NE) successfully achieved by daily oral inoculation of 4×10 8 CFU of C. perfringens/bird in PBS for 4 successive days to immunocompromised broiler chickens (using IBDV vaccination with a hot vaccine strain). NE infected bird groups showed variable degrees of diarrhea, inappetance enteritis and mortalities. Average lesion scoring indicated the efficacy of Na butyrate encapsulated in palm fat (Admix 30) in lowering damage associated with NE. The recorded mortality was lower in Admix 30 treated groups vs. their non-treated ones. Enumeration of intestinal C. perfringens in non-infected chickens (resident C. perfringens) as well as in experimentally induced NE groups revealed reduction in the mean values in Admix 30 treated groups vs. non- treated infected ones. In conclusion; the present investigation proved the effectiveness of Admix 30 as a powerful environmentally friendly alternative for natural control method of NE in poultry enterprises.

The rapid growth of the World Wide Web has brought huge increase in traffic to popular web sites. As a consequence, end users often experience poor response time or denial of service. A cluster of multiple servers that behaves like a single host can be used to improve the throughput and alleviate the server bottlenecks. To achieve such a cluster, we need robust routing algorithms that provide scalability, effective load balancing and high availability in a constantly changing environment. Due to an ever-increasing diversity of workloads and cluster configurations, it is very difficult to propose a single algorithm that performs best under all conditions. In this paper, we review a number of proposed load balancing algorithms for clusters of web servers. We focus on an experimental analysis of the performance under a number of well-known load balancing algorithms. We study the performance of the algorithms through a simulation to evaluate their performance under different conditions and workloads. The results of our study are reported in the paper.

Let M and M' be two prime -rings and  n , n be two higher homomorphism of a -ring M, for all n  N in the present paper we show that under certain conditions of M, every Jordan (,)-higher homomorphism of a -Ring M into a prime  '-Ring M 'is either (,)-higher homomorphism or (,)-anti-higher homomorphism.

Psyllium (Psy) mucilage, a food grade polysaccharide is reported as a substrate for the graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA). Psyllium mucilage was extracted from psyllium husk. Polymerization was initiated by ceric ion in aqueous medium under N2 atmosphere. The progress of the reaction was monitored gravimetrically. The effect of different reaction parameter, such as monomer concentration, level of ceric ammonium nitrate /HNO3 (CAN) initiator, reaction time temperature, on the percentage grafting PG was studied. Grafting of polyacrylic acid (PAA) onto Psy was confirmed by Fourier – transform infrared spectroscopy.

The study examined the effect of Pay Structures on Continuance Commitment in the Nigerian manufacturing industry. A total of 357employees were randomly drawn from a population of 3386 employees of the 31 manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire and oral interview. A total of 210 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved and analyzed. Spearman's Rank Correlation Statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that Pay Structures is significantly related to economic exchange and few alternatives. Based on these findings we concluded that Pay Structures has significant influence on Continuance Commitment. The study therefore recommends that management should utilize the rewards management programme which structures the base pay and compensation package, to attract and retain the right people to the organization.

The characterization of some Nigerian clay deposits has been carried out by employing fourdifferent characterization techniques.The relative proportions of the constituent compounds, the morphology and the phase identification of the different clays were determined by using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)analyses. The clays obtained from the various deposits were prepared for the analyses, using the standard procedure and the results obtained were compared to confirm the consistency and reliability of the different methods employed. The results obtained revealed the various desirable (SiO2 and Al2O3) and deleterious (Fe2O3, K2O and MgO) compounds contained in the clay samples, in the various proportions. The appropriate purification technique necessary for preparing the clays for refractory applications were therefore identified.

Variation of the common carotid artery, including high origin, rare absence, low bifurcation & also anomolous origins of common carotid artery are very common. Knowledge of carotid bifurcation is important for vascular surgical procedures, such as carotid endarterectomy or radical neck dissection, catheterization and aneurysms 1 . The aim of this study was to describe the level of common carotid artery bifurcation. 50 adult cadavers were dissected and variation in pattern of common carotid artery bifurcation were noted. During radical neck surgeries, the common carotid arteries are important landmarks, defining the plane of the dissection .Evaluation of the carotid bifurcation level can be done with non invasive techniques and external anatomical landmarks can be clinically useful in predicting the bifurcation level of the carotid artery. Accurate level of bifurcation can be devised by dissection method in nonliving. Increase variations in the branching patterns may increase the risk of vascular accidents during surgical procedures in the neck and also angiographic aberrations 3