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Cette étude vise à identifier les adventices qui constituent la flore des plantations industrielles de canne à sucre des Unités Agricoles Intégrées de Côte d’Ivoire. Elle a permis d’établir la liste des adventices majeures et de montrer leur degré d’infestation dans les exploitations de canne à sucre. Pour mener à bien ce travail, la méthodologie a constitué à faire des placettes de 1500 m2 (30 m x 20 m). Dans ces placettes, chaque espèce rencontrée est évaluée par sa présence et son indice d’abondance-dominance. Les familles majoritaires sont celles des Poaceae, des Asteraceae, des Fabaceae, des Euphorbiaceae et des Cyperaceae. La plupart des espèces sont des Dicotylédones avec 69 %, dominé par les Thérophytes avec une proportion estimée à 29 %. Les espèces d’adventices les plus nuisibles à la culture de la canne à sucre sont : Lactuca taraxacifolia ; Passiflora foetida ; Ipomoea triloba ; Calopogonium mucunoides ; Cyperus rotundus L. ; Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis ; Desmodium scorpiurus ; Merremia peltata ; Mucuna pruriens ; Mondia whitei ; Tridax procumbens ; Rottboellia cochinchinensis ; Trianthema portulacastrum ; Desmodium tortuosum. La connaissance des adventices majeures dans la culture de canne à sucre est la première étape pour la mise en oeuvre d’un itinéraire technique efficace de gestion des bioagresseurs.Mots clés : Adventices, Canne à sucre, Unités Agricoles Intégrées. English Title: Major weeds of industrial sugar cane plots of integrated agricultural units in Côte d'Ivoire This study aimed at identifying the weeds that make up the flora of industrial sugar cane plantations of the Integrated Agricultural Units of Côte d'Ivoire. It has made to establish the list of major weeds and to show their level of infestation in sugar cane farms. To carry out this work, the methodology used was to make plots of 1500 m² (30 m x 20 m). In these plots, each species encountered was evaluated by its presence and its abundance-dominance index. The majority families are those of Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Cyperaceae. Most species are Dicotyledonous with 69% dominated by Therophytes (29%). The most harmful adventitious species for the cultivation of sugar cane are: Lactuca taraxacifolia; Passiflora foetida; Ipomoea triloba; Calopogonium mucunoides; Cyperus rotundus L.; Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis ; Desmodium scorpiurus ; Merremia peltata ; Mucuna pruriens ; Mondia whitei ; Tridax procumbens ; Rottboellia cochinchinensis ; Trianthema portulacastrum ; Desmodium tortuosum. The determination of major weeds in sugarcane cultivation is the preliminary stage of effective fight against biological constraints.Keywords : Weeds, sugarcane, Integrated Agricultural

Se describen la morfología externa y la biología de los estadios inmaduros de Spodoptera dolichos (Fabricius, 1974), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Las larvas fueron colectadas en Ipomoea triloba L. (Convolvulaceae), lo cual constituye un nuevo registro de planta hospedera. Se ofrecen fotografías de los huevos, los siete estadios larvales y la pupa. Se describe e ilustra la morfología cefálica y la quetotaxia del primer estadio. Los resultados se comparan con los aspectos conocidos de otros estadios inmaduros de Spodoptera.

Amaç: Ipomoea spp. ve Convolvulus spp. Convolvulaceae familyasına ait bitkilerden olup, tek veya çok yıllık olarak dünyada yaygın olarak bulunan istilacı yabancı otlardandır. Pek çok kültür bitkisinde sorun olan ve günümüzde istilacı özelliği ile ön plana çıkan Ipomoea ve Convolvulus türlerinin, yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla Akdeniz bölgesinde sürvey çalışması yapılmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Akdeniz bölgesinde bulunan Antalya, Adana, Mersin, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş ve Osmaniye illerinde yapılan sürveylerde, her bir il merkezi başlangıç kabul edilmiştir. Sürveyler sırasında her 10 km’de bir rastlantısal olarak durulmuş ve en yakın tarım alanını temsil edecek şekilde 1 da’lık alandan örnekler alınmıştır. Her bir örnekleme noktasına 1m2’lik çerçeveden tesadüfi olarak 5 kez atılarak yabancı ot türlerinin sayımları yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Akdeniz bölgesi genelinde Convolvulaceae familyasından Convolvulus cinsine ait 5 ve Ipomoea cinsine ait 3 olmak üzere 8 yabancı ot türü belirlenmiştir. Bunların türleri, yaygınlık (%) ve yoğunlukları (adet/m2), sırasıyla, Convolvulus arvensis L. (52.32 ve 0.57), Convolvulus scammonia L. (0.86 ve >0.01), Convolvulus stachydifolius Coisy (0.69 ve 0.01), Convolvulus betonicifolius Mill. (0.52 ve >0.01),Convolvulus galaticus Roston. ex Choisy (0.17 ve >0.01), Ipomoea triloba L. (9.12 ve 0.13), Ipomoea hederacea (Linn) Jacq. (3.44 ve 0.02) ve Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth. (1.20 ve 0.01)’dır.

Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPKs) is one of the calcium-sensing proteins in plants. They are likely to play important roles in growth and development and abiotic stress responses. However, these functions have not been explored in sweet potato. In this study, we identified 39 CDPKs in cultivated hexaploid sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, 2n = 6x = 90), 35 CDPKs in diploid relative Ipomoea trifida (2n = 2x = 30), and 35 CDPKs in Ipomoea triloba (2n = 2x = 30) via genome structure analysis and phylogenetic characterization, respectively. The protein physiological property, chromosome localization, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, promoter cis-acting regulatory elements, and protein interaction network were systematically investigated to explore the possible roles of homologous CDPKs in the growth and development and abiotic stress responses of sweet potato. The expression profiles of the identified CDPKs in different tissues and treatments revealed tissue specificity and various expression patterns in sweet potato and its two diploid relatives, supporting the difference in the evolutionary trajectories of hexaploid sweet potato. These results are a critical first step in understanding the functions of sweet potato CDPK genes and provide more candidate genes for improving yield and abiotic stress tolerance in cultivated sweet potato.

Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins are key repressors of a jasmonic acid signaling pathway. They play essential roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as environmental stress responses. However, this gene family has not been explored in sweet potato. In this study, we identified 14, 15, and 14 JAZs in cultivated hexaploid sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas, 2n = 6x = 90), and its two diploid relatives Ipomoea trifida (2n = 2x = 30) and Ipomoea triloba (2n = 2x = 30), respectively. These JAZs were divided into five subgroups according to their phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis. The protein physiological properties, chromosome localization, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, promoter cis-elements, protein interaction network, and expression pattern of these 43 JAZs were systematically investigated. The results suggested that there was a differentiation between homologous JAZs, and each JAZ gene played different vital roles in growth and development, hormone crosstalk, and abiotic stress response between sweet potato and its two diploid relatives. Our work provided comprehensive comparison and understanding of the JAZ genes in sweet potato and its two diploid relatives, supplied a theoretical foundation for their functional study, and further facilitated the molecular breeding of sweet potato.

One of the biggest obstacles to organic maize cultivation is weed management. The aim of this work was to evaluate the mowing and weeding in the control of densities of Ipomoea triloba (morning glory) in competition with maize. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with four replications, in the factorial scheme 3 x 3 + 1. The first factor was constituted by three densities of the species I. triloba and the second by three weed management. The additional treatment consisted in the cultivation of maize free from I. triloba interference. The mowing done in the V4 stage of maize did not minimize the competition of I. triloba. Weeding was more efficient for control at higher densities. The I. tribola showed regrowth and despite accumulating reduced dry mass, it was more efficient in the uptake of N, P, K, and Mg in relation to the uncropped plants.

This study described the epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of 25 outbreaks of neurological diseases in cattle caused by plants and mycotoxins in Santa Catarina state. Six of them were due to Sida carpinifolia poisoning, five to Solanum fastigiatum, five to Phalaris angusta, three to Claviceps paspali, three to Claviceps purpurea, and three outbreaks were of unknown etiology. The clinical signs observed in the affected cattle were mild to severe and characterized by generalized muscle tremors, incoordination, hypermetria, wide-based stance, intentional head tremors, dull staring eyes, and frequent ear twitching, with convulsions in some cases. At necropsy, lesions were observed only for P. angusta poisoning, characterized by gray-greenish discoloration in thalamus and midbrain. Microscopically, rarefaction and/or disappearance of Purkinje neurons with substitution by Bergmann cells were observed for S. carpinifolia and S. fastigiatum poisoning. For P. angusta poisoning, thin granular brown-yellowish pigment was observed in the cytoplasm of some neurons. Gross and microscopic findings were not observed in three outbreaks of tremorgenic disease of unknown etiology. Experiments conducted with leaves, flowers and seeds of Ipomoea indivisa and Ipomoea triloba, as well as with maize and soybean residues contaminated with Ipomoea spp. did not reproduced clinical signs.

The application of herbicide tank mixtures is a common practice in agricultural settings, especially for controlling weed communities with mono and eudicotyledons species occurring simultaneously. Therefore, thisstudy was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effectiveness and interaction of dicamba-haloxyfop tank mixtures used to control four weed species. For this, four different experiments were conducted, each with one of the plant species, namely: sourgrass (Digitaria insularis), horseweed (Conyza spp.), morning glory (Ipomoea triloba) and goosegrass (Eleusine indica). In each experiment, the experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks, in a 4x4 factorial scheme of treatments, totaling 16 treatments with five replications, i.e., 80 plots of each species. Four doses of the herbicide dicamba (480, 240, 120 and 0 g ha-1) and four doses of the herbicide haloxyfop (60, 30, 15 and 0 g ha-1) were adopted. Percentage control was evaluated at 14 and 28 days after application (DAA) and mass of dry matter was evaluated at 28 DAA. Antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects were observed for dicamba-haloxyfop tank mixtures, with a greater preponderance of additive effects. Considering all four plant species, in different doses and dates of evaluation, 72 dicamba-haloxyfop interactions were evaluated, in which 50 were considered additives. However, the possibility of antagonism (9 interactions) or even synergy (13 interactions) cannot be ruled out, subjected to the influence of the herbicide dose, plant species and moment of evaluation.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is used as the raw material in more than fifty industries and is also the main source of raw materials used in the textile, the oil, the animal feed, and the paper industries. Additionally, it is a crop of great economic importance for its producer countries with the added value and employment opportunities. Cotton is among the crops sensitive to weed competition and its yield decreases with the weeds. For this reason, weed control treatments should be employed effectively to obtain high yields in cotton fields. In the recent years, Ipomoea triloba (IPOTR), which has increased in its importance in the agricultural areas of the Mediterranean Region, prevents the development of the cotton because of its invasive features and causes the harvest difficulties during by hand or machine harvest. The aim of this study is to create an effective control program against IPOTR in cotton. Field experiments were carried out in Ceyhan, Adana, Turkey in 2018 and 2019. For this purpose, impact of the treatments including Pyroxasulfone 85% (PYRS) Trifloxysulfuron sodium 75% (TRFS), Pyrithiobac-sodium 383 g/l (PYBS), Glyphosate isopropylamine salt 480 g/l (GLYI), S-metolachlor 915 g/l + Benoxacor 45 g/l + hand hoe (SMEC), inter-row rotary hoe + intra-row hand hoe (FÇEÇ) were investigated 28 day-after treatment and at the harvest during two years. It has been determined that TRFS and PYBS have an efficacy over 90%, while FÇEÇ, SMEÇ, TRFS and PYBS applications have an efficacy over 60%. Applications against IPOTR have increased the cotton lint and yield. However, crop injury was observed after GLYI application (20%)., Pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L.) elliden fazla sanayi kolunun girdisini oluşturmakta olup, özellikle tekstil, yağ, yem ve kâğıt sanayisinde kullanılan hammaddenin de ana kaynağı durumundadır. Ayrıca, yarattığı katma değer ve istihdam olanaklarıyla da üretici ülkeler açısından büyük ekonomik öneme sahip bir üründür. Pamuk özellikle çıkış sonrası ilk dönemde yabancı ot rekabetine duyarlı bitkilerden olup, verim miktarı, yabancı otların etkisiyle azalmaktadır. Bu nedenle, pamuk ekim alanlarında yüksek ve kaliteli ürün elde etmek için yabancı ot kontrol uygulamaları uygun şekilde yapılmalıdır. Son yıllarda Akdeniz Bölgesi tarım alanlarında yaygınlığı artan Ipomoea triloba (IPOTR) istilacı özelliğe sahip olup, pamuk bitkisinin gelişimini engellemekte, hasat döneminde ise elle veya makine ile yapılan hasadı güçleştirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, IPOTR’ye karşı pamukta etkin bir mücadele programının oluşturulmasıdır. Tarla denemeleri 2018-2019 yılları arasında Ceyhan (Adana)’da yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla %85 Pyroxasulfone (PYRS) %75 Trifloxysulfuron sodium (TRFS), 383 g/l Pyrithiobac-sodium (PYBS), 480 g/l Glyphosate isopropylamine tuzu (GLYI) 915 g/l S-metolachlor+ 45 g/l Benoxacor) + el çapası (SMEÇ), Frezeli ara çapa makinesi + sıra üzeri el çapası (FÇEÇ) uygulamalarının etkisi 2 yıl süresince araştırılmıştır. IPOTR’ye karşı yapılan uygulamaların etkinliği kuru madde miktarı üzerinden değerlendirildiğinde; TRFS ve PYBS’nin %90’nın üzerinde, FÇEÇ, SMEÇ, TRFS ve PYBS uygulamalarının ise %60’ın üzerinde etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. IPOTR’ye karşı yapılan bütün uygulamalarda lif ve ürün veriminde artış sağlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, GLYI uygulamasında pamukta fitotoksisite (%20) gözlenmiştir.

Ipomoea triloba is a plant native to tropical America and has been observed in cotton fields in Antalya Province, Turkey. Ipomoea triloba was identified in 2014 after a warning from the Centre of the Farmers’ Union (Antbirlik). Subsequent field surveys showed that this plant has been considered as a weed by farmers in this region for the last two decades; it has spread in non-agricultural habitats but due to its limited presence did not receive much attention. The spread of I. triloba has increased over the last 5 years to such an extent that it cannot be controlled by existing methods including herbicides. It has established not only in agricultural areas but also in other habitats such as roadsides, irrigation channel edges and coastal regions. This paper provides the first botanical description report of I. triloba in the defined area, an evaluation of environmental and socioeconomic impacts, current status and management activities. Based on all available information the authors concluded that pest risk analysis should be conducted on I. triloba. Furthermore, it should be regarded not only as an environmental weed but also as an agricultural weed and kept under surveillance in Turkey. © 2018 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2018 OEPP/EPPO

Study on the used of medicinal plants by Marind people who lived at Wasur National Park, Merauke was conducted by using descriptive methods which include observation, interview, documentation, literature review techniques, as well as emic and ethic approaches. During the study there were 46 species which belong to 26 families plants found as medicinal plants used by Marind people to cure about 30 diseases. Among 46 species, there were 7 potential medicinal plant species which known and used by most Marind people. The seven potential medicinal plant species were Ipomoea triloba L., Bauhinia sp., Pittosporum sp., Kingiodendron platycarpum Bent., Sophora tool mentosa L. Cyrtandra sp., dan Tinopspora disstiflora L. Part of plant used vary from leaf, root, bark, fruit and other part of plant. Compare to other part of plant, leaf was the most common used as traditional medicinal plant. Key words : traditional medicinal plant, Marind people, Wasur National Park

It is vital to apply suitable strategies to restore insect diversity to maintain sustainability and productivity in ecosystems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the insect richness and diversity of three different planting designs in order to conserve insects and to promote such designs locally. Based on previous studies seven wild plants viz., Spermacoce assurgens, Leucas zeylanica, Tridax procumbens, Merremia tridentata, Emilia sonchifolia, Ipomoea triloba and Cyanthillium cinereum were selected as wild plants, while Z. elegans was selected as an ornamental plant. Three planting designs (3×3 m), with only wild plants, wild plants enriched with Z. elegans and only Z. elegans were established in the university premises. Monitoring of insects was done in three designs at hourly intervals from 6.00 a.m to 6.00 p.m on 6 sunny days. The highest insect richness (83) was recorded by the design with wild plants enriched with Z. elegans followed by the design with only wild plants (78) and the design with only Z. elegans (44). When consider the insect diversity, the design with wild plants enriched with Z. elegans recorded the highest diversity of H'=3.4146 followed by design with only wild plants (H'=3.045) and design with only Z. elegans (H'=1.77246). Further, the design with wild plants enriched with Z. elegans need less maintenance compared to the plot with only Z. elegans, and it could be promoted in establishing of plantings in urban areas in view of conservation of insect richness and aesthetics enhancement.

The curvature of the helical trajectory formed by herbaceous stem‐twiners has been hypothesized to be constant on uniformly sized cylindrical supports and remains constant on different supports varying in diameter. However, experimental studies on the constant curvature hypothesis have been very limited. Here, we tested the hypothesis in a series of experiments on five herbaceous stem‐twiners (Ipomoea triloba, Ipomoea nil, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, and Mikania micrantha). We investigated how internode characteristics (curvature [β], diameter [d], and length [L]) and success rate (SR) of twining shoots would be affected by support thickness (D), temperature (T), illumination, and support inclination. The results showed that: (1) the SR of tested species decreased, but d increased with increasing support thickness. The β of the twining shoots on erect cylindrical poles was not constant, but it decreased with increasing d or support thickness. (2) The SR of tested species was not obviously reduced under low‐temperature conditions, but their β was significantly higher and d significantly lower when temperature was more than 5°C lower. (3) The SR , d, and L of two tested Ipomoea species significantly declined, but β increased under 50% shading stress. (4) The curvatures of upper semicycles of I. triloba shoots on 45° inclined supports were not significantly different from curvatures of those shoots climb on erect supports, whereas the curvatures of lower semicycles were 40%–72% higher than curvatures of upper semicycles. Synthesis: Our study illustrates that stem curvatures of a certain herbaceous stem‐twiners are not constant, but rather vary in response to external support, temperature, and illumination conditions. We speculate that herbaceous stem‐twiners positively adapt to wide‐diameter supports by thickening their stems and by reducing their twining curvatures. This insight helps us better understand climbing processes and dynamics of stem‐twiners in forest communities and ecosystems.

O uso repetitivo do herbicida glyphosate e em elevadas doses tem selecionado biótipos de plantas daninhas resistentes, além de favorecer à seleção de plantas tolerantes ao mesmo. A solução mais comum nestes casos é a inclusão de herbicidas alternativos no sistema de produção, aplicados de forma isolada ou misturados em tanque. Desta forma, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia e a interação de misturas de saflufenacil com o herbicida glyphosate para controle de plantas daninhas. Foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos independentes, avaliando-se duas espécies de plantas daninhas, uma monocotiledônea (capim-amargoso - Digitaria insularis) e uma dicotiledônea (corda-de-viola - Ipomoea triloba). Os tratamentos constaram de esquema fatorial 4x4, com quatro doses do herbicida glyphosate (0, 360, 720 e 1.080 g e.a. ha-1) e quatro doses do herbicida saflufenacil (0, 21, 42 e 63 g ha-1). Em ambos os trabalhos se adotou delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso e cinco repetições. Dentre as combinações testadas, a mistura foi considerada aditiva para o capim-amargoso e para a corda-de-viola. Estas misturas foram consideradas importantes ferramentas para controle de plantas daninhas resistentes e tolerantes nos sistemas de produção, sendo o saflufenacil uma excelente molécula a ser utilizada em acompanhamento ao herbicida glyphosate.

Seeds of several weed species have distinct development when germinating under different conditions of temperature, promoting variation on the management system. Thus, this work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of temperature on the germination of five weed species of Convolvulaceae family, commonly known as morning glory. The work was performed in termogradient table and constituted by five independent experiments, divided by species, in a factorial combination of nine treatments (temperatures) and two seed dormancy breaking conditions (with or without acid scarification). The weed species were: Ipomoea triloba, I. hederifolia, I. quamoclit, I. nil and Merremia cissoides. Nine temperature intervals between 15 and 35oC were evaluated, under 8 hours of daily photoperiod. Experimental design adopted was totally randomized with four replicates. Percentage of germination was evaluated daily; the speed of germination index was calculated for the species. Generally, it was evident that temperatures lower than 17,2 oC reduced significantly germination of all species, inhibiting germination of I. quamoclit. Species demonstrated capacity of germinating on temperatures from 20oC to 35oC. Acid scarification of seeds with sulfuric acid was able of increasing significantly the percentage of seed germination.

Germinationbiology of field bindweed (Convolvulusarvensis) and three-lobemorningglory (Ipomoeatriloba) was investigated in this study. Theeffects of sulfuric acid (15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min), sodium hydroxide (5, 10, 20, 30 and40 min), gibberellic acid (250, 500, 750, 1000and 2000 ppm), microwave (10, 30, 60, 90, 120and 150 s), hot water (10, 15, 30, 60 and120 s), mechanical scarificationand hot+cold water (5, 10 and 15 times) applications were investigated in order to break the dormancy of theseeds. Accordingto the results, breaking dormancy studies in the applications examined C. arvensis for 90 and 120 min H2SO4;for I. triloba 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and120 min H2SO4 applications were found to be the best breakingdormancy application.Minimum, optimum and maximum temperatures were determined as 10, 20-30 and 40 ºCfor C. arvensis; 15, 25-30 and 40 ºC for I. triloba., Bu çalışmada, tarımalanlarında sorun olan tarla sarmaşığı (Convolvulus arvensis) vepembe çiçekli akşam sefası (Ipomoeatriloba)’nınçimlenme biyolojisi araştırılmıştır. Tohumlardaki dormansiyi kırmak için sülfirik asit (15,30, 45, 60, 90 ve 120 dk.), sodyum hidroksit (5, 10, 20, 30 ve 40 dk.),giberelik asit (250, 500, 750, 1000ve 2000 ppm), mikrodalga(10, 30, 60, 90, 120 ve 150 s), sıcak su (10, 15, 30, 60 ve 120 s), mekanik aşındırma ve sıcak+soğuk su(5, 10 ve 15 kez)uygulamalarının etkileri araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; C. arvensis için 90 ve 120 dk.’lık H2SO4;I. triloba için ise 15, 30, 45, 60,90 ve 120 dk.’lık H2SO4 uygulamasının en iyi dormansikırma uygulamaları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tohumların minimum, optimum vemaksimum çimlenme sıcaklıkları sırasıyla, C.arvensis için 10 ºC, 20-30 ºC ve 40 ºC; I. triloba için 15 ºC, 25-30 ºCve 40 ºC olarak belirlenmiştir.

Members of the Convolvulaceae family are known to be sensitive to aminocyclopyrachlor, although little is known about the absorption, translocation and metabolism of the herbicide in these species of weed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the absorption, translocation and metabolism of ¹⁴C‐aminocyclopyrachlor in young plants of Ipomoea purpurea and Ipomoea triloba. Assessments were performed at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment (HAT) for the study of absorption and translocation. Metabolism was assessed at three time points (3, 24 and 72 HAT). In terms of absorption, was observed a difference between species at the 3 and 48 HAT time points, where I. purpurea had a higher absorption of ¹⁴C‐aminocyclopyrachlor. No differences were observed between species at any other time points. Of the total absorbed herbicide, 90.9% for I. purpurea and 91.8% for I. triloba were detected on the treated leaf. I. purpurea presented higher translocation to the leaf above the treated leaf, while I. triloba showed higher translocation to the lower leaves and roots. No increase in absorption of ¹⁴C‐aminocyclopyrachlor was observed above 24 HAT for I. purpurea and above 6 HAT for I. triloba, and translocation was low (

This study aims to determine the species of Liana plants found in Educational Forest of Muhammadiyah University of Centre Bengkulu withinConservation Forest of Bukit Barisan located in Kepahyang Regency of Bengkulu Province. This survey method research was conducted on March-April 2017. Sampling was collected in the plots placed along transect line in the forest which have temperature range from 27–31 O C and humidity range 76-87%. The result found that of 20 Liana plants species belong to 9 families. Asteraceae family consist of 1 species of Mikania micrantha, family Araceae consist of 1 species of Pothos scandens, family Convolvulaceae consist of 4 species namely Ipomoea triloba, Ipomoea cairica, Merremia peltata, Merremia vitifolia, family Dioscorea consist of 1 species of Dioscorea hispida, family Fabaceae consist of 2 species of Calopogonium mucunoides, Centrosema pubescens, family Menispermaceae consist of 3 species of Cyclea barbata, Pericampylus glaucus, Tinospora crispa, family Palmae cinsist of 4 species namely Calamus caesius, Calamus manan, Daemonorops sabut, Korthalsia rigida, famili Piperaceae consist of 3 species of Piper betle, Piper nigrum, Piper ornatum, family Schizaeaceae consist of 1 species of Lygodium flexuosum.

The research objective was to quantify the development and survivorship rate of S. dorsalis in different phenological stages of mango and selected weeds. The research was conducted in the laboratory of PT. Trigatra Rajasa, Mango plantation in Ketowan, Arjasa, Situbondo, East Java, Indonesia from February to September 2015. The development and survivorship rate were done through observation of life span of S. dorsalis from egg to pupa. Analysis of Variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test (p = 0.05) with 5 replications were applied to ensure the significant differences among the treatments. The result showed that development and survivorship of Scirtothrips dorsalis were supported by mango flushes and flower as well as some weeds such as Leucania leucochepala , Ipomoea triloba , Achalypha indica , Desmanthus leptophyllus and Azadirachta indica as source of food. Achalypha indica was the most suitable host with development time (12.82 ± 0.21 days) and survivorship (33 %). Weed Tridax procumbent , Momordica charantia and Mimosa pudica were unable to provide the living requirement for immature developmental stage of S. dorsalis.

Weed control using herbicides with the same mechanism of action can encourage the emergence of resistant biotypes or tolerant plants. An example of this is the occurrence of morning-glory (Ipomoea sp.) in soybean crops in southern Brazil. In this sense, the aim of this study was to quantify the losses arising from two species of morning-glory weeding coexisting with soybean crop. A field study was conducted in the 2013/2014 season. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications, with treatments being distributed in a factorial arrangement (2x2x5), which assessed the effect of competition on two soybean cultivars (TEC6029 and TEC7849) of morning-glory species (I. triloba and I. purpurea) in different population (0, 4, 8, 16 and 32 plants m-2). The interaction of soybean with different densities of morning-glory affects yield components. The first eight morning glory plants have a more intense competition, reducing productivity by 45% and 27% for TEC6029 and TEC7849 cultivars, respectively. RESUMO: O controle de plantas daninhas utilizando herbicidas com o mesmo mecanismo de ação pode favorecer o aparecimento de biótipos resistentes ou plantas tolerantes. Exemplo disso é a ocorrência de cordas-de-viola (Ipomoeasp.) em lavouras de soja na região Sul do Brasil. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se quantificar os prejuízos decorrentes da competição de duas espécies de corda-de-viola em convivência com a soja. O estudo foi realizado em campo, na safra agrícola 2013/2014. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, com os tratamentos sendo distribuídos em arranjo fatorial (2x2x5), em que se avaliou o efeito da competição sobre dois cultivares de soja (TEC6029 e TEC7849), das espécies de corda-de-viola (I. triloba e I. purpurea), em diferentes densidades de infestação (0, 4, 8, 16 e 32 plantas m-2). A convivência da soja com diferentes densidades de corda-de-viola afetou os componentes de produtividade. As primeiras oito plantas de corda-de-viola mostraram uma competição mais intensa, tendo reduzido a produtividade em 45% e 27% para os cultivares TEC6029 e TEC7849, respectivamente.

In agricultural production systems where the glyphosate-resistant soybean crop (Glycine max) is grown and the practice of crop rotation with alternative herbicides is not adopted, the exclusive and continuous use of glyphosate has led to the occurrence of resistant weed populations that may limit or compromise the benefits of this technology. Thus, the efficacy of weed management programs, including the use of residual herbicides (sulfentrazone, flumioxazin, imazethapyr, diclosulan, chlorimuron and s-metolachlor) applied in preemergence and followed by in-crop postemergence applications of glyphosate (PRE-POST) were compared to glyphosate postemergence only programs - POST. The study was conducted across nine locations during the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing seasons. PRE-POST programs were efficient in the control of Amaranthus viridis, Brachiaria plantaginea, Bidens pilosa, Commelina benghalensis, Eleusine indica, Euphorbia heterophylla and Raphanus raphanistrum, with the level of control being similar when comparing the program with two applications of glyphosate POST. Some PRE-POST programs were not efficient in controlling Cenchrus echinatus, Ipomoea hederifolia and Ipomoea triloba. Sulfentrazone and diclosulam PRE-POST programs improved the control of Ipomoea triloba compared to sequential applications of glyphosate alone. No significant differences in soybean yield were observed between any of the herbicide treatments or study locations. The use of residual herbicides in preemergence followed by glyphosate in-crop postemergence provides consistent weed control and reducing early season weed competition. Furthermore, these programs utilize at least two herbicide modes of action for herbicide use diversity, which will be needed to stay ahead of resistance build-up, regardless of when weeds may appear.

The control of morning glory (Ipomoea spp. and Merremia aegyptia) was evaluated in five commercial sugarcane-production fields receiving applications of the herbicides sulfentrazone (0.9 kg ha-1), amicarbazone (1.4 kg ha-1), imazapic (0.147 kg ha-1), and hexazinone + tebuthiuron (0.325 + 0.75 kg ha-1) applied pre-emergence in either the dry season (July and August) or in the semi-wet season (early October); mesotrione alone (0.192 kg ha-1) or in combination (0.12 kg ha-1) with atrazine (1.5 kg ha-1) or diuron + hexazinone (0.491 + 0.139 kg ha-1) applied post-emergence in the wet season (November), and the phytointoxication of the chemical treatments for sugarcane. Five species of morning glory (Ipomoea hederifolia, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea quamoclit, Ipomoea triloba and Merremia aegyptia) were assessed in the experiments. The applications during the dry, semi-wet, and wet seasons resulted in similar levels of control of I. hederifolia, I. nil, I. quamoclit, and I. triloba. The herbicides imazapic and mesotrione alone resulted in lower levels of control of M. aegyptia. Imazapic and the combination of mesotrione + (diuron + hexazinone) caused greater visible phytotoxicity to sugarcane than other herbicides applied during the dry and semi-wet seasons. However, the greatest loss of production was attributed to amicarbazone. RESUMO Cinco experimentos foram instalados em áreas de produção comercial de cana-de-açúcar para estudar o controle de corda-de-viola (Ipomoea spp. e Merremia aegyptia) pelos herbicidas sulfentrazone (0,9 kg ha-1), amicarbazone (1,4 kg ha-1), imazapic (0,147 kg ha-1) e hexazinone + tebuthiuron (0,325 + 0,75 kg ha-1), aplicados em pré-emergência na época seca (julho e agosto) ou semiúmida (início de outubro); mesotrione isolado (0,192 kg ha-1) e em mistura (0,12 kg ha-1) com atrazine (1,5 kg ha-1) ou diuron + hexazinone (0,491 + 0,139 kg ha-1), aplicados em pós-emergência na época úmida (novembro); e a seletividade dos tratamentos químicos para cana-de-açúcar. Cinco espécies de corda-de-viola (Ipomoea hederifolia, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea quamoclit, Ipomoea triloba e Merremia aegyptia) foram avaliadas nos experimentos. Tanto os tratamentos das épocas seca e semiúmida quanto os de úmida resultaram em controle similar de I. hederifolia, I. nil, I. quamoclit e I. triloba. Os herbicidas imazapic e mesotrione isolado promoveram menor porcentagem de controle de M. aegyptia. O imazapic e a mistura mesotrione + (diuron + hexazinone) ocasionaram maior fitointoxicação visual à cana-de-açúcar, comparados aos outros herbicidas de seca e semiúmida; contudo, a maior perda de produção foi promovida pelo amicarbazone.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:52:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-83582012000300007.pdf: 675632 bytes, checksum: 1e1ba5946c733fcd77f35310ee060730 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:52:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-83582012000300007.pdf: 675632 bytes, checksum: 1e1ba5946c733fcd77f35310ee060730 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:43:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-83582012000300007.pdf: 675632 bytes, checksum: 1e1ba5946c733fcd77f35310ee060730 (MD5) S0100-83582012000300007.pdf.txt: 30605 bytes, checksum: e128412a98961d5d0f876f62168def71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:19:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-83582012000300007.pdf: 675632 bytes, checksum: 1e1ba5946c733fcd77f35310ee060730 (MD5) S0100-83582012000300007.pdf.txt: 30605 bytes, checksum: e128412a98961d5d0f876f62168def71 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:19:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-83582012000300007.pdf: 675632 bytes, checksum: 1e1ba5946c733fcd77f35310ee060730 (MD5) S0100-83582012000300007.pdf.txt: 30605 bytes, checksum: e128412a98961d5d0f876f62168def71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-01 Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a fluorescência através da taxa de transporte de elétrons, consumo de água e intoxicação de plantas de Ipomoea triloba após aplicação de quatro herbicidas de diferentes mecanismos de ação. Os herbicidas aplicados foram: glyphosate, haloxyfop-methyl, diuron e amicarbazone. A aplicação foi feita com auxílio de um pulverizador estacionário instalado em laboratório; após a aplicação dos tratamentos, as plantas foram mantidas em casa de vegetação. Foi avaliada a taxa de transporte de elétrons (ETR), o consumo de água e a intoxicação das plantas em vários períodos após o início do experimento. Os dados de ETR e fitointoxicação foram expressos em porcentagem da testemunha e submetidos à análise de variância e à comparação das médias. Quanto ao consumo de água, os dados foram acumulados e ajustados por modelos de regressão. Assim, pode-se dizer que o fluorômetro é uma ferramenta adequada para verificar a intoxicação antecipada em plantas de I. triloba tratadas com os herbicidas amicarbazone e diuron, visto que a inibição da ETR foi verificada antes de qualquer intoxicação visual sofrida por essas plantas; o consumo de água está relacionado diretamente com o transporte de elétrons, com exceção das plantas submetidas ao haloxyfop-methyl, que não sofreram interferência no transporte de elétrons, mas reduziram o consumo de água. This work was carried out to evaluate fluorescence through electron transport rate (ETR), water consumption and intoxication of Ipomoea triloba after application of four herbicides with different mechanisms of action. The herbicides glyphosate, haloxyfop-methyl, diuron, and amicarbazone were applied using a stationary sprayer installed in the laboratory. After application, the plants were kept under greenhouse conditions. Electron transport rate, water consumption and plant intoxication were evaluated at various periods after the start of the experiment. ETR and intoxication data were expressed as percentage of control and subjected to analysis of variance and comparison of means. The water consumption data were accumulated and adjusted to regression models. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the fluorometer is an appropriate tool to verify anticipated toxicity in plants of I. triloba treated with the herbicides amicarbazone and diuron, whereas ETR inhibition was observed before any visual intoxication experienced by the plants. Also, water consumption was found to be directly related to ETR, except for the plants subjected to haloxyfop-methyl which did not suffer electron transport interference, but reduced water consumption. UNESP FCA Dep. de Agricultura UNESP FCA Dep. de Agricultura

Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and screenhouse to determine the effects of scarification; alternating day/night temperatures; light, salt, and water stress; seed burial depth; and rice residue on seed germination and seedling emergence of threelobe morningglory, and to evaluate the response of this weed to commonly available POST herbicides in the Philippines. Germination was stimulated by seed scarification, suggesting that inhibition of germination in this species is mainly due to the hard seed coat. Germination of the scarified seeds was not influenced by the tested temperatures (alternating day/night temperatures of 25/15, 30/20, and 35/25 C) and light. The concentrations of sodium chloride, ranging from 0 to 250 mM, did not influence germination of the scarified seeds of threelobe morningglory. The osmotic potential required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination was −0.35 MPa, although some seeds germinated at −0.6 MPa. Seedling emergence was greatest for the seeds placed on the soil surface (96%), and emergence declined with increased burial depth in soil. The burial depth required for 50% inhibition of maximum emergence was 2.8 cm. No seedlings emerged from a burial depth of 6 cm or greater. Residues of up to 6 Mg ha−1on the soil surface did not influence seedling emergence of threelobe morningglory. The herbicide 2,4-D at 400 g ai ha−1provided excellent control of threelobe morningglory when applied at the four-leaf (100%) and six-leaf (97%) stages. However, at the eight-leaf stage, percent control was reduced to 67% and herbicide rate had to be increased twofold to achieve 95% control. The information gained from this study could contribute to developing components of integrated weed management strategies for threelobe morningglory. Soil inversion by tillage to bury weed seeds below their maximum depth of emergence and early application of an effective POST herbicide could serve as important tools for managing threelobe morningglory.