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One type of aircraft commonly used for flight training, patrol, and transportation in remote areas is the Cessna. It should be understood that each tool and component in the aircraft has its own level of importance and can experience failures in carrying out its functions. These failures often become a problem for users due to a limited understanding of the aircraft engine field. Issues arising from the aircraft's landing gear sometimes involve minor problems that do Does not require a high level of expertise. To solve this, it may be possible for someone with knowledge of landing gear to address the issue. By using the Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) method for fault identification, a technician's expertise in aircraft landing gear can be applied and integrated. The search for solutions or fault identification Can be obtained promptly In the testing results of the Fault System for Cessna C208B Aircraft Landing Gear using the CBR method, the system's calculations were consistent with the manual. However, the application still has some shortcomings in the system, such as the preprocessing stage, which has not been able to search for the root words in a question sentence.

This study used finite element analysis method to analyze the underbracket T triangle on motorcycles using ANSYS 2023 R1 software. The material used is Structural Steel. The simulation is done by accurately modeling the triangle and meshing using the default algorithm. The boundary conditions are set by providing fixed support at all four-hole points and providing a load of 1000N on the Y-axis. The simulation results show a maximum equivalent stress (Von-Mises stress) of 7.173 MPa, which is still below the strength limit of the material. The underbracket T-triangle undergoes a maximum deformation of 0.00063309 mm at the upper right fork hole. This deformation indicates the extent to which the triangle changes shape due to the load applied. The safety factor obtained is greater than 1, indicating that the triangle has adequate safety to withstand the load. With a better understanding of the structural behavior of the underbracket triangle, the design can be improved to improve the strength and performance of the motorcycle.

The cellulosic nature of cotton fibre makes it flammable material and it is one of the key reasons behind excessive fire accidents within the textile industry. The importance of fire retardant finishes can't ignore which significantly enhance the resistance to flammability of cotton fabrics. Cross linkers used as a binder for fire retardant finishes to fix them with textile material in order to make it long-lasting. The addition of cross-linkers enhanced the utilization of fire retardant finishes exclusively upon kids' wear. The softeners play a pivot role to reduce the stiffness produced by the utilization of cross linkers and finishes. In this research work ecofriendly cross-linker was used to enhance the stability of fire retardant finishes upon cotton fabric. The study showed an enhancement in the fire retardant properties by increasing the proportion of flame retardant in addition to the proportion of phosphoric acid. When crosslinker was added to the finish solution, the results indicate that the addition of cross-linker itself increase the flame retardancy. The addition of softener not only imparts softness in the treated cotton fabric, but also enhances the strength of finished fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper fabric hand was objectively evaluated through the exploration of three-dimensional drape. Four Windows Kinect sensors were arranged to capture the point cloud data of the draped fabric. To extract the actual drape features, a new algorithm was designed and implemented in Matlab technical computing environment. Thirty seven woven fabrics were clustered in accordance with subjective hand preferences of softness and stiffness collectively as ground truth. The performance of the objectively clustered data was evaluated against the ground truth. The results revealed that the objective classification of the fabrics using 3D drape data correlated to the fabric hand preferences with 86% matching accuracy when applied on same fabrics. The evaluation of hand from fabric drape in a non-touch manner will be a better reference for online shopping and computer simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cells that cannot cope with persistent endoplasmic reticulum stress will die. Here, the authors show that iRhom pseudoproteases regulate cell death by modulating the ability of BCL-2 to inhibit calcium flow through IP3R channels.

Producer Price Index is an index number that describes the level of price change at the producer level. Data users can take advantage of the development of producer prices as an early indicator of wholesale and retail prices. In addition, it can also be used to assist in the preparation of the economic balance, distribution of goods, trade margins, and so on. Every year the Badan Pusat Statistika (BPS) updates data on the producer price index to facilitate producer price standards, including rice and grain producers. To determine the Price Prediction Index, a prediction algorithm is needed, namely Naive Bayes based on data from Quarters I and II of 2021. The Naïve Bayes Algorithm, can be used to predict the Producer Price Index. This prediction is made to provide an overview of Quarter III, considering that in 1 year BPS updates the Producer Price Index’s data up to Quarter IV in 1 year. The prediction obtained is an increase for Quarter III with a maximum value between 0.961 – 0.980 based on data from Quarters I and II.

Approval of credit lending to cooperative members without proper feasibility analysis can cause credit problems, cooperatives such as late payment of installments, and an increase in bad credit which can threaten the survival of the cooperative as a provider of lending services. As a solution to minimize the creditworthiness assessment errors for loan funds, research is carried out to analyze the feasibility of loan funds from the data of cooperative members using the data mining method approach and the algorithm used using the K-Nearest Neighbor. The purpose of this research is to predict the feasibility of granting credit with the right decision and to find out the level of evaluation, accuracy, and validation of the effectiveness of the k-NN algorithm on processing creditworthiness application data classifications. After the prediction research was carried out, the data on the eligibility of credit lending applications were conducted at the Bakti Berkah Sukaraja Savings and Loan Cooperative, The data obtained from the accuracy value of the k-nearest neighbor algorithm before being validated has an accuracy of 87.78% with AUC 0.95, after validation with split validation the accuracy decreased slightly by 2% to be 85.71%, while the AUC value in the ROC Curve was 0.836%. Even though there was a decline, it can still be categorized as a good classification. The impact of this research is that besides the accuracy of the k-NN algorithm being validated, the Bakti Berkah Sukaraja Savings and Loan cooperative can predict the feasibility of applying for credit funds, as an effort to reduce the threat of bad credit risk

Background: Treatment of Tuberculosis patients are given in the form of a drugs combination. Some drugs which are Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid and Rifampicin can provide hepatotoxic side effects. Specific sign of hepatotoxic occurrence is increasing in the Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase levels. One of factors that influence hepatotoxicity is nutritional status. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and levels of Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase in tuberculosis patients. Methods: A non-experimental correlation study, retrospective approach with total sampling method, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Located at tCommunity Lung Health Center (BKPM) Ambarawa area. The analysis used the Spearman rank correlation test Results: Based on the test results of Spearman Rank correlation test, the correlation coefficient (r) is -0.267. Hypothesis test results also showed 0.037 (p-value

Introduction: Cardiovascular Disorders (CVD) are significant cause of fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of CVD in pregnancy is less than 1% (varies from 0.3-3.5%). Aim: To study spectrum, prevalence and fetomaternal outcome of cardiac diseases in pregnancy at a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in which data of all antenatal patients visiting the hospital over a period of 27 months from March 2017 to June 2019 were analysed for cardiac diseases by clinical history, examination, Electocardiograpy and echocardiography. Type, Severity of heart disease was noted as per New York Heart Association (NYHA) criteria. Maternal outcome recorded in terms of Maternal death, Congestive Cardiac failure requiring ICU Care, Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, Antepartum Haemorrhage, Postpartum Haemorrhage, Deep vein Thrombosis, Anaemia and termination of pregnancy. Fetal outcome was recorded in terms Live Birth, Pre Term, Low Birth Weight, Intrauterine Death, Neonatal Death, Acute Fetal distress and Abortion. Results: A total of 9298 pregnant females were screened. A total of 73 had cardiac disease, with a based prevalence of 7.85/1000. About 22 (30.13%) patients were diagnosed first time during pregnancy. Mean age was 27.46±4.4 years. Thirty two (45%) were primigravida. About 58(80%) were in either NYHA Class I or II. Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) was the most common {36 (46.5%)} cardiac disorder. Maternal mortality occurred in 3 (4.1%) patients. Cardiac failure occurred in 10 (13.6%) patients. Fetal outcome included abortion in 1 (1.36%), acute fetal distress in 5 (6.84%), Intrauterine death in 2 (2.73%), Low birth weight in 8 (10.9%), preterm delivery in 4 (5.4%) patients and neonatal mortality in 1 (1.36%). Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) was done in 6 (8.2%) patients. Predictors of combined maternal & fetal morbidity and mortality were advanced NYHA Class (III & IV) (p=0.0001, OR 5.98 95% CI 1.2940 to 27.3424), severe left sided obstructive lesions (p=0.0001, OR 14.0 95% CI 3.8430 to 51.0019) and left ventricular dysfunction (p=0.0018, OR 18.27 95% CI 2.0982 to 159.2223). Conclusion: RHD was the most common cardiac disorder reflecting need of secondary antibiotic prophylaxis. Patients who present with higher NYHA class, severe LV dysfunction and severe left heart obstructive disease represent high risk group.

Sorting algorithm in the computational process makes it easy for users when the data sorting process because the data is sorted by the process quickly and automatically. In addition to speed in sorting data, memory efficiency must also be considered. In this research, a retesting of two sorting methods is conducted, namely the bubble sort method and the insertion sort method based on the comparison of two programming languages, Java with Visual Basic 2010 using the decision tree method. This research aims to find out which algorithm has lower memory consumption in the sorting process using Java or Visual Basic 2010. The results of the comparison show, in Visual Basic 2010. insertion sort algorithm which has the lowest average memory consumption of 4.3243KB for .vb extensions and 2.0145KB for .exe extensions. while the bubble sort method with a consumption amount of 4.4358KB for the .vb extension and 2.0352 for extension.exe. Furthermore, if you use the Java programming language. So the bubble sort method still consumes the highest average memory, which is 546,242KB for the .jar extension and 4,337KB for the .exe extension, whereas from the insertion sort method, which has a low average memory consumption of 543,578 KB for extension .jar, and 4,381KB for extension .exe.

This study focusses on the synthesis of carboxymethyl guar gum (CMG) via monochloroacetic acid under alkaline conditions. The reaction conditions were also optimized during the course of experiment. Guar derivative with variable degree of substitution (DS) were prepared and were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The DS was determined quantitatively by titration method for each derivative. The synthesized guar gum derivatives, being the natural thickners, have been used in textile printing technology. Substituted guar gum has been proved environmental friendly thickener as compared to synthetic thickeners. Penetration properties, fixation ability, colour fastness, levelness and fabric handling was compared with alginate thickener (commercially available). Guar gum thickeners showed enhanced properties versus alginate thickener and can be used as an alternative to synthetic thickeners in view of its green, non-hazardous and economical derivatives. Guar gum is the outstanding natural thickener, stabilizer, gelling agent and could possibly be used in various industrial units including food, cosmetic, textile, oil fracturing and mining.

Currently, the green route for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using plants leaf extract is an emerging research area in nanotechnology. The present study was explored for synthesis, characterization and catalytic application of Ag NPs using Diospyros lotus fresh leaf extracts. Factors affecting the synthesis were optimized and optimum conditions were pH of 8.6, silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration of 1.5 mM and 10 mL leaf extract. Formation of Ag NPs was observed by change in color of reaction mixture from pale yellow to reddish brown. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, EDX, XRD and SEM analyses. UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed maximum absorbance peak in the range of 407 nm at different time intervals indicating formation of Ag NPs. SEM and XRD analysis confirmed face centered cubic structure and crystalline nature of biologically synthesized Ag NPs with average particle size of 27 nm. The purity of synthesized Ag NPs was revealed by EDX. Finally, photo catalytic activity (PCA) of Ag NPs was studied and 72.91% decolorization of industrial waste water was obtained at 54 h. Some important parameters like pH, turbidity, conductance; TSS, TDS, sulphide, sulphates, etc. were also monitored before and after treatment with Ag NPs.

Background: Although fetal echocardiography is established screening tool for the detection of cardiac anomalies, its utility and awareness remains less in less-developed areas of the world. There is no data from our region about the usage and outcome of fetal echocardiography. Aims and Objectives: To study the indications, referral patterns, and outcomes of fetal echocardiography. Materials and Methods: All pregnant women referred for fetal echocardiography from January 2017 to July 2018 were included in the study. Results: A total of 600 pregnant women underwent fetal echocardiography. The mean age of patients was 28 ± 4.2 years. The mean gestational age referred for fetal echo was 26 ± 4 weeks. Four hundred and twenty (70%) patients were more than 22 weeks of gestational age. Indications included maternal indications in 385 (64.2%) patients. The various maternal indications included bad obstetrical history in 180 (30%), pregestational diabetes in 100 (16.67%), congenital heart disease (CHD) in mother in 35 (5.83%), medication use during pregnancy in 15 (2.3%), and connective tissue disorder in mother in 55 (9.16%). Other indications included abnormal/not properly visualized cardiac chambers on anomaly scan in 50 (8.3%) and previous child with heart disease in 105 (17.5%). Different abnormalities detected included ventricular septal defect, pulmonary atresia intact septum each in 3 (0.5%); tetarology of fallot (TOF), tricuspid atresia, unbalanced atrioventricular canal defect with single ventricle, corrected the great arteries, fetal cardiac tumor, Ebstein anomaly, and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection each in 1 (0.16%); double outlet right ventricle pulmonary stenosis, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, compete heart block, fetal supraventricular tachycardia, and CoA each in 2 (0.33%) patients. Twenty-four of 600 (40 per 1000) screened fetal echos were abnormal. Seventeen (70.8%) patients were referred for an unsatisfactory/abnormal anomaly scan which were low-risk pregnancies. The highest yield of CHD was in patients who had been referred for abnormal fetal anomaly scan when compared with other referral indications (17 of 50 [34%] versus 7 of 550 [1.27%] in other indications; P = 0.0001). Conclusion: The most common indication for which fetal scan was abnormal routine ultrasound which was mostly low-risk pregnancies. Dedicated cardiac screening should be part of the routine anomaly scan. Detailed fetal echo should be done in all patients who have any doubt on anomaly scan. Greater awareness in our community is needed for proper referral timings of fetal echo.

An indirect evaporative cooler that uses a Maisotsenko (M) Cycle has the potential to be a green and sustainable solution for managing a building’s cooling demand since it can attain sub-wet bulb temperature without humidification. This study presents the design and simulation analysis of a crossflow indirect evaporative cooler using the COMSOL Multiphysics software for various ambient conditions. The cooler’s performance was evaluated by varying the inlet air temperatures. The analysis was conducted using numerical simulations, and the outcomes were compared with experimental data. The simulation results demonstrated that the cooler could achieve significant temperature reductions at a minor energy consumption as compared to traditional air conditioning systems. This study delivers that this system reduces the temperature of inlet air up to 22°C as well as cooling capacity and coefficient of performance values are 3.699 kW and 27.40. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of crossflow indirect evaporative coolers as an energy-efficient alternative to conventional air conditioning systems.

Online media is used by many organizations as a helping tool to reach the goal in the business process especially marketing or introducing a product that is marketed. Therefore, this research is trying to explain how massive the role of online media is, in the business process in the town of Tasikmalaya based on a statistic number scale from the data that refer to quantitative methodology, Discrete Data, and Correlational analyses method. Meanwhile. The result of this research reveals Online media is, towards business process marketing and service in the town of the Tasikmalaya area positively affected business process marketing and service. These results are supported by the results of data processing. From 78 organizations, the positive rate of online media on marketing and services is 95% greater than the positive level, which is only 5%. sig. (2-sided) of 0,000, meaning that α=0.05 is greater than the value of Sig. (2-sided) or [0.05> 0,000]. This shows that the variable X has an influence on variable Y. The results of the analysis of bivariate people, obtained the final value r =1, for the estimated value. This number defines the variable X which has a very strong attachment relationship to a variable.

School tuition fee is typically used for funding school operational, i.e. paying honorary teachers in public and private schools, purchasing practical instruments, printing examination worksheets, and other net-operational costs. According to the discovered data in the research environment, the funding is unable to be acquired properly due to students’ school tuition fees arrears for months even years until they graduate. Considering the condition, this research is conducted to identify the potential of students’ school tuition arrears, based on the sum of their parents’ salaries centered on the business intelligence approach, using the decision tree method. The analysis results show that, students whose parents’ income is less than Rp 672.500,00 will be potentially in arrears with school tuition more than Rp 900.000,00 each month, while students whose parents’ income is above Rp 672.500,00 are potentially in arrears of less than Rp 900.000,00 or not in arrears. To evaluate the effectiveness of the decision tree algorithm for data processing, it has an accuracy value of 95.97%, with a precision of 94.96% that means the algorithm has a good correlation based on attributes and the data that have been processed by the algorithm.

Susenas has been the backbone of many scientific research and public policies in Indonesia since 1960s. Nonetheless, some of its features have not been clearly conveyed and understood. We highlight two features that often lead to misinterpretation. First, the expenditure variable in Susenas does not measure private outlay but household’s consumption because it includes external assistance. Incomes of households which receive many assistances therefore are overestimated. Second, a sudden change in questionnaire since 2015 may disrupt trend analysis. Specifically for health items, this abrupt change coincides with any change stimulated by a new health initiative introduced by the Central Government. -------------------------------------- Susenas telah menjadi dasar berbagai riset dan kebijakan di Indonesia sejak pertama kali dilaksanakan tahun 1963. Namun, ada fitur-fitur yang belum dipahami benar oleh para penggunanya. Artikel ini mengangkat dua fitur yang dapat menghasilkan inferensi kurang tepat. Yang pertama, variabel pengeluaran tidaklah mengukur pengeluaran pribadi, melainkan konsumsi, karena mencakup nilai bantuan ekonomi dari pihak lain. Implikasinya, variabel ini menafsirkan daya beli yang terlalu tinggi untuk rumah tangga yang menerima banyak subsidi. Yang kedua, adanya perubahan kuesioner pada Susenas 2015 yang berdampak pada analisis tren pengeluaran. Khususnya untuk pengeluaran kesehatan, pergerakan ini bisa disalahartikan sebagai dampak program baru pemerintah ditahun sebelumnya.

Introduction: The role of thiamine supplementation in heart failure (HF) patients has shown conflicting results and has not been adequately studied. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective were to determine whether thiamine supplementation will provide clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic benefit in congestive HF patients. Materials and Methods: In this single-center, double-blind, prospective randomized controlled trial, HF patients with varied etiology were included. Patients were randomly allocated to 1 week of inpatient double-blind intravenous therapy with either placebo or thiamine. Parameters studied included clinical, Echo left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and thiamine pyrophosphate effect (TPPE) levels before/after treatment. After completion of 1-week treatment, all patients were given oral thiamine and evaluated at the outpatient clinic after 6 weeks. Results: A total of fifty patients were studied. There was no difference at baseline in mean age (61.4 ± 7.1 vs. 62.4 ± 8.0 years), sex (males 52% vs. 56%), etiology (idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy 68% vs. 60%, ischemic heart disease 20% vs. 24%), clinical parameters, TPPE levels (16.4 ± 5.2 vs. 16.2 ± 6.5%), and LVEF (28.1% ± 6.7% vs. 28.3% ± 6.6%) in thiamine as compared to placebo group. After 1 week of treatment, there was significant improvement in systolic blood pressure (119.2 ± 18.3 vs. 106.1 ± 18.9 mmHgP < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (77.4 ± 8.3 vs. 68.2 ± 9.7 mm HgP < 0.001), heart rate (67.0 ± 8.4 vs. 81.9 ± 10.7P < 0.001), weight (66.2 ± 9.5 vs. 71.2 ± 8.2 kgP < 0.001), 3rd-day urine output (1286.0 ± 505.7 ml vs. 750.0 ± 237.2 ml [P < 0.001]), New York Heart Association class (1.6 ± 0.5 vs. 2.1 ± 0.4P < 0.001), LVEF percentage change (7.0 ± 5.2 vs. 0.7% ± 4.7%P < 0.001), and TPPE levels (6.8% ± 1.5% vs. 16.0% ± 6.7%P < 0.001) in thiamine compared with placebo group. Conclusions: Thiamine supplementation significantly improved clinical and echocardiographic parameters. Thiamine supplementation is cost-effective, is benign, and is easily available with significant clinical benefits.

Cotton fibre maturity is the measure of cotton’s secondary cell wall thickness. Both immature and over-mature fibres are undesirable in textile industry due to the various problems caused during different manufacturing processes. The determination of cotton fibre maturity is of vital importance and various methods and techniques have been devised to measure or calculate it. Artificial neural networks have the power to model the complex relationships between the input and output variables. Therefore, a model was developed for the prediction of cotton fibre maturity using the fibre characteristics. The results of predictive modelling showed that mean absolute error of 0.0491 was observed between the actual and predicted values, which show a high degree of accuracy for neural network modelling. Moreover, the importance of input variables was also defined.

iRhom proteins are catalytically inactive relatives of rhomboid intramembrane proteases. There is a rapidly growing body of evidence that these pseudoenzymes have a central function in regulating inflammatory and growth factor signalling and consequent roles in many diseases. iRhom pseudoproteases have evolved new domains from their proteolytic ancestors, which are integral to their modular regulation and functions. Although we cannot yet conclude the full extent of their molecular and cellular mechanisms, there is a clearly emerging theme that they regulate the stability and trafficking of other membrane proteins. In the best understood case, iRhoms act as regulatory cofactors of the ADAM17 protease, controlling its function of shedding cytokines and growth factors. It seems likely that as the involvement of iRhoms in human diseases is increasingly recognized, they will become the focus of pharmaceutical interest, and here we discuss what is known about their molecular mechanisms and relevance in known pathologies.

The seminar on "Ethics in Islam" was held in Faridabad, Haryana, on July 30-31 1988, sponsored by the Institute of Objective Studies, New Delhi and the Department of Philosophy at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Mr. Muqimuddin, the seminar organizer, opened the proceedings by remarking at the outset that the seminar's theme was of prime importance in the context of the present world. Justifying any aspect of Islamic Ethics is both tricky and difficult. According to him, ethics has developed in the West in the form of philosophical theories but classical philosophers did not give much attention to the theoretical aspects of Islamic Ethics and virtually no effort has been made toward the documentation of ethics in Islam. The keynote address, delivered by Dr. Mohammed Abdul Haq Ansari entitled "Islamic Ethics: Concept and Prospect," (presently a professor at Imam Muhammad Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), reviewed different streams of writing in the spheres of Islamic philosophy, Sufism, theology, jurisprudence, politics, and economy, and highlighted the contribution each has made to the subject. He asserted that in view of the material available in these writings, Islamic scholars of our time can develop a veritable chronicle of Islamic Ethics in a period shorter than the Islamic econoll}ists have taken to develop Islamic Economics. According to Prof. Ansari, there is a wellformulated system of morality in the Qur'an, but there is no such theorization in the field of ethics. He pointed out that there are several ethical problems which need our attention while proceeding towards theorization of Islamic Ethics, e.g., determinism, freedom of will, distinction between good and evil, etc. The keynote address was followed by a lively discussion. Prof. Fazlur Rahman Ginnori was of the opinion that Islam has provided a complete code of morality obliviating the need for theorizing about Islamic Ethics. Other participants were of the opinion that in order to convince the world of the feasibility of Islamic Ethics, especially because of its identification with most aspects of science, there is a need for an ethical theory of Islam. Dr. Sanaullah Mir of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, read a paper on "Philosophical Justification of the Islamic Ethical Standard: the Ontological and Deontological Standards." While discussing the nature of ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the common form of dementia globally, is a complex condition including neurodegeneration; shares incompletely known pathogenesis. Signal transduction and biological activities, including cell metabolism, growth, and death are regulated by different signaling pathways including AKT/MAPK, Wnt, Leptin, mTOR, ubiquitin, Sirt1, and insulin. Absolute evidence linking specific molecular pathways with the genesis and/or progression of AD is still lacking. Changes in gut microbiota and blood-brain barrier also cause amyloid β aggregation in AD. The current review reports significant characteristics of various signaling pathways, their relationship with each other, and how they interact in disease genesis and/or progression. Nevertheless, due to the enormous complexity of the brain and numerous chemical linkages between these pathways, the use of signaling pathways as possible targets for drug development against AD is minimal. Currently, there is no permanent cure for AD, and there is no way to stop brain cell loss. This review also aimed to draw attention to the role of a novel group of signaling pathways, which can be collectively dubbed "anti-AD pathways", in multi-target therapy for AD, where cellular metabolic functions are severely impaired. Thus, different hypotheses have been formulated and elaborated to explain the genesis of AD, which can be further explored for drug development too., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There is no conflict of interest to be declared. Competing interest The author declares that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationship that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common cancer in women and poses a serious threat to health. Despite familiarity with the factors affecting its etiology, initiation, progression, treatment strategies, and even resistance to therapy, it is considered a significant problem for women. However, several factors have greatly affected the previous aspects of CC progression and treatment in recent decades. miRNAs are short non-coding RNA sequences that regulate gene expression by inhibiting translation of the target mRNA. miRNAs play a crucial role in CC pathogenesis by promoting cancer stem cell (CSC) proliferation, postponing apoptosis, continuing the cell cycle, and promoting invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Similarly, miRNAs influence important CC-related molecular pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, Wnt/β-catenin system, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, miRNAs affect the response of CC patients to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Consequently, this review aims to provide an acquainted summary of onco miRNAs and tumor suppressor (TS) miRNAs and their potential role in CC pathogenesis and therapy responses by focusing on the molecular pathways that drive them., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Chauhan, Pramodh, Hussain, Elsori, Lakhanpal, Kumar, Alsaweed, Iqbal, Pandey, Al Othaim and Khan.)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There is no conflict of interest to be declared., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Plants and their derived phytochemicals have a long history of treating a wide range of illnesses for several decades. They are believed to be the origin of a diverse array of medicinal compounds. One of the compounds found in kudzu root is puerarin, a isoflavone glycoside commonly used as an alternative medicine to treat various diseases. From a biological perspective, puerarin can be described as a white needle crystal with the chemical name of 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyran-4-one-8-D-glucopyranoside. Besides, puerarin is sparingly soluble in water and produces no color or light yellow solution. Multiple experimental and clinical studies have confirmed the significant therapeutic effects of puerarin. These effects span a wide range of pharmacological effects, including neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, cardioprotection, immunomodulation, anticancer properties, anti-diabetic properties, anti-osteoporosis properties, and more. Puerarin achieves these effects by interacting with various cellular and molecular pathways, such as MAPK, AMPK, NF-κB, mTOR, β-catenin, and PKB/Akt, as well as different receptors, enzymes, and growth factors. The current review highlights the molecular mechanism of puerarin as a neuroprotective agent in the treatment of various neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. Extensive cellular, animal, and clinical research has provided valuable insights into its effectiveness in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, cerebral stroke, depression, and more., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory loss and a progressive decline in cognitive activity. The two major pathophysiological factors responsible for AD are amyloid plaques (comprising amyloid-beta aggregates) and neurofibrillary tangles (consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). Polyphenols, a class of naturally occurring compounds, are immensely beneficial for the treatment or management of various disorders and illnesses. Naturally occurring sources of polyphenols include plants and plant-based foods, such as fruits, herbs, tea, vegetables, coffee, red wine, and dark chocolate. Polyphenols have unique properties, such as being the major source of anti-oxidants and possessing anti-aging and anti-cancerous properties. Currently, dietary polyphenols have become a potential therapeutic approach for the management of AD, depending on various research findings. Dietary polyphenols can be an effective strategy to tackle multifactorial events that occur with AD. For instance, naturally occurring polyphenols have been reported to exhibit neuroprotection by modulating the Aβ biogenesis pathway in AD. Many nanoformulations have been established to enhance the bioavailability of polyphenols, with nanonization being the most promising. This review comprehensively provides mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective potential of dietary polyphenols in treating AD. It also reviews the usability of dietary polyphenol as nanoformulation for AD treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There is no conflict of interest to be declared., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, treatment options, including surgical resection, transplantation, and molecular drug therapies, are of limited effectiveness. Recent studies have demonstrated that suppressing ferroptosis might be a pivotal signal for liver cancer initiation, thus providing a new way to combat liver cancer. Ferroptosis is a distinct form of controlled cell death that differs from conventional cell death routes like apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis. It results from intracellular iron overload, which raises iron-dependent reactive oxygen species. This, in turn, leads to the accumulation of lipid peroxides that further result in oxidative damage to cell membranes, disrupt normal functioning, and ultimately speed up the ferroptosis phenomenon. Ferroptosis regulation is intricately linked to cellular physiological processes, encompassing iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and the equilibrium between oxygen-free radical reactions and lipid peroxidation. This review intends to summarize the natural compounds targeting ferroptosis in liver cancer to offer new therapeutic ideas for liver cancer. Furthermore, it serves as the foundation for identifying and applying chemical medicines and natural chemicals that target ferroptosis to treat liver cancer efficiently., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Pandey, Elsori, Kumar, Lakhanpal, Rautela, Alqahtani, Ahmad, Iqbal and Khan.)

Psychedelics have traditionally been used for spiritual and recreational purposes, but recent developments in psychotherapy have highlighted their potential as therapeutic agents. These compounds, which act as potent 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) agonists, have been recognized for their ability to enhance neural plasticity through the activation of the serotoninergic and glutamatergic systems. However, the implications of these findings for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly dementia, have not been fully explored. In recent years, studies have revealed the modulatory and beneficial effects of psychedelics in the context of dementia, specifically Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related dementia, which lacks a definitive cure. Psychedelics such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and Psilocybin have shown potential in mitigating the effects of this debilitating disease. These compounds not only target neurotransmitter imbalances but also act at the molecular level to modulate signalling pathways in AD, including the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling pathway and the subsequent activation of mammalian target of rapamycin and other autophagy regulators. Therefore, the controlled and dose-dependent administration of psychedelics represents a novel therapeutic intervention worth exploring and considering for the development of drugs for the treatment of AD-related dementia. In this article, we critically examined the literature that sheds light on the therapeutic possibilities and pathways of psychedelics for AD-related dementia. While this emerging field of research holds great promise, further studies are necessary to elucidate the long-term safety, efficacy, and optimal treatment protocols. Ultimately, the integration of psychedelics into the current treatment paradigm may provide a transformative approach for addressing the unmet needs of individuals living with AD-related dementia and their caregivers., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There is no conflict of interest to be declared., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. Immunotherapy aims to harness the immune system to target the underlying pathology of AD and has shown promise as a disease-modifying treatment for AD. By focusing on the underlying disease pathogenesis and encouraging the removal of abnormal protein aggregates in the brain, immunotherapy shows promise as a potential treatment for AD. The development of immunotherapy for AD began with early attempts to use antibodies to target beta-amyloid. The amyloid hypothesis which suggests that the accumulation of beta-amyloid in the brain triggers the pathological cascade that leads to AD has been a driving force behind the development of immunotherapy for AD. However, recent clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid-β have shown mixed results, highlighting the need for further research into alternative immunotherapy approaches. Additionally, the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy for AD remain an area of active investigation. Some immunotherapeutic approaches have shown promise, while others have been associated with significant side effects, including inflammation of the brain. Sleep has a significant impact on various physiological processes, including the immune system, and has been linked to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, improving sleep quality and duration may benefit the immune system and potentially enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic approaches for AD. In this review, we discussed the promises of immunotherapy as a disease-modifying treatment for AD as well as possible methods to improve the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy to achieve better therapeutic outcomes.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-β plaques. Recent research has unveiled the pivotal role of insulin signaling dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD. Insulin, once thought to be unrelated to brain function, has emerged as a crucial factor in neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive processes. Insulin and the downstream insulin signaling molecules are found mainly in the hippocampus and cortex. Some molecules responsible for dysfunction in insulin signaling are GSK-3β, Akt, PI3K, and IRS. Irregularities in insulin signaling or insulin resistance may arise from changes in the phosphorylation levels of key molecules, which can be influenced by both stimulation and inactivity. This, in turn, is believed to be a crucial factor contributing to the development of AD, which is characterized by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and other pathological hallmarks. Furthermore, this route is known to be indirectly influenced by Nrf2, NF-κB, and the caspases. This mini-review delves into the intricate relationship between insulin signaling and AD, exploring how disruptions in this pathway contribute to disease progression. Moreover, we examine recent advances in drug delivery systems designed to target insulin signaling for AD treatment. From oral insulin delivery to innovative nanoparticle approaches and intranasal administration, these strategies hold promise in mitigating the impact of insulin resistance on AD. This review consolidates current knowledge to shed light on the potential of these interventions as targeted therapeutic options for AD.

Taurine is a sulfur-containing, semi-essential amino acid that occurs naturally in the body. It alternates between inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated injury in various disease models. As part of its limiting functions, taurine also modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress, Ca 2+ homeostasis, and neuronal activity at the molecular level. Taurine effectively protects against a number of neurological disorders, including stroke, epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, memory dysfunction, and spinal cord injury. Although various therapies are available, effective management of these disorders remains a global challenge. Approximately 30 million people are affected worldwide. The design of taurine formation could lead to potential drugs/supplements for the health maintenance and treatment of central nervous system disorders. The general neuroprotective effects of taurine and the various possible underlying mechanisms are discussed in this review. This article is a good resource for understanding the general effects of taurine on various diseases. Given the strong evidence for the neuropharmacological efficacy of taurine in various experimental paradigms, it is concluded that this molecule should be considered and further investigated as a potential candidate for neurotherapeutics, with emphasis on mechanism and clinical studies to determine efficacy., Competing Interests: None