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Salicylic acid (SA) has emerged as an excellent phyto-hormone to improve stress tolerance in plants. However, no information is available about the role of SA under combined SS and HS. Therefore, this study was performed to underpin the potential role of SA to mitigate SS and HS in wheat crop. The study was comprised of different treatments: control, SS (8 dS m-1), HS (imposed at flag leaf stage) and combination of SS (8 dS m-1) and HS and different levels of SA: control, 50 mM, 100 mM and 150 mM. Salinity and HS substantially decreased the growth, and yield traits of wheat that was linked with increased electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hdrogen peroxid (H2O2) production, sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) accumulation and decrease in relative water contents (RWC), photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins (TSP) and free amino acids (FAA) accumulation and nutrient uptake. Nonetheless, foliar applied SA particularly 150 mM appreciably improved the growth and yield of wheat crop by increasing RWC, antioxidant activity soluble sugars, proline, TSP, FAA accumulation, nutrient uptake and decreasing EL, electrolyte leakage, MDA and H2O2 and restricting the entry of toxic ions. Therefore, these findings suggested that SA could improve the growth and yield of wheat under SS and HS stresses by improving physiological activity, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity and accumulation of osmolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how strategic management accounting (SMA) and Management Accounting Information System (MAIS) are used in inventory management and their impact on efficiency. This study involved 114 café and restaurant managers in Bandung, Indonesia as the sample. Data were analysed with PLS software, revealing that SMA and MAIS positively affect managerial efficiency. However, this study found that not all cafés and restaurants implement these systems effectively due to poor integration of SMA and MAIS indicators. This research highlights that effective use of SMA and MAIS significantly improves inventory management by providing accurate and timely information, which supports better decision-making and improves business performance. SMA is particularly useful for understanding market trends and competitors’ costs, thus simplifying inventory management. This study introduces a new approach to managing stock quantities, leading to improved operational efficiency and competitive advantage. In addition, the study also emphasises the importance of risk assessment and technology in inventory management for more precise measurement and better management practices.

AbstractThis study examines how Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) affect investment decisions mediated by Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses of this study using the SmartPLS 3.0 programme. Testing the router model is done using algorithmic techniques, and the inner model is tested by bootstrapping and model testing using goodness of fit. By analysing data from 79 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), we found that CSR and SDGs disclosures positively affect ESG scores. ESG scores also positively affect investment decisions as measured by earnings per share. The findings of this test indicate that ESG scores mediate the relationship between CSR disclosure and earnings per share in a statistically significant way. However, the mediation of ESG score on the relationship between SDGs disclosure and earnings per share was not found to have a significant effect.

This study explores how the conflicts of interest involving actors in the process and decision-making of local government budget planning that impacts the implementation of the SDGs from the perspective of the Political Economy of Accounting. The study uses a qualitative methodology grounded in critical analysis. It gathered information through in-depth interviews and document analysis. The interviews followed a semi-structured format. Data analysis involved collecting information from fieldwork and existing literature, interpreting primary and secondary data, and drawing conclusions. The findings suggest that actors involved in budget planning often face conflicts of interest. Resource allocation and patron-client relationships also influence budgetary decisions. Addressing these conflicts requires collective decision-making to achieve policy and economic goals. The implications of this research show that PEA theory can be used as an analytical tool that can describe the discourse on the relationship of an international idea that is localised into a local government budget, which is full of elements of political economy. The implications of this research for management in local government are as input and critical considerations that can be used as considerations in making further budget policies.

The purpose of this study is to look into the importance of educational processes, practices, and research activities in predicting knowledge skills and competences (KSC) and employability in Indonesian higher education. A survey was used in the quantitative research approach. Respondents to this study selected 500 instructors and students from 31 universities in Indonesia that offer outstanding approved study programs. The Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology oversees all universities. Scoring and structural equation modeling were used to evaluate the data. The educational process is significantly influenced by facilities. Significant relationships have been discovered between facilities and practicum activities, facilities and research activities, practical activities and employability, research activities and employability, research activities and KSC, and practical activities to KSC. There is no significant relationship between the educational process and employability, nor between the educational process and KSC. This study’s findings also show that the educational process does not mediate the effect of facilities on employability but does mediate the effect of facilities on KSC, that the effect of facilities on employability was mediated by the practical activity variable, that practical activity variables mediated the effect of facilities on KSC, and that research activity variables mediated the effect of facilities on employability. Variables related to research activity influenced the effect of facilities on KSC. This research’s contribution can become literature for future research and can be used by education stakeholders to identify applicable policies to assist KSC and its graduates’ employability.

The use of a ketogenic diet with an increased proportion of fat is rampant lately, both as a therapy or even lifestyle. The use of a ketogenic diet is feared to cause dyslipidemia. It will also lead to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. This study aimed to determine the effect of a high-fat diet on HDL, LDL, and HDL/LDL ratio in mice. Thirty male Mus Musculus, 2-3 mo, 15-25 g divided into five groups diet. K1 (12% fat, 20% protein, 62% carb), K2 (30% fat, 60%protein), K3 (45% fat, 45% protein), K4 (60% fat, 30% protein) and K5 (75% fat, 15% protein) for 4 weeks. Feed and water by adlibitum. Blood for serum was taken from the ventricle, while in the measurement of HDL serum level, the LDL used ELISA. Normality of data analyzed by Shapiro Wilk, and homogeneity by Levene test. HDL serum was analyzed using equality test followed by Games Howell, LDL serum and ratio of HDL/LDL was tested by ANOVA followed by LSD with significance 0,05. HDL serum in K1 (62,50±9.94) mg/dL, K2 (78,40±18,76) mg/dL, K3 (79,00±3,81) mg/dL, K4 (80,00±2,16) mg/dL, and K5 (83,50±5,62) mg/dL with p0,05. Ratio HDL/LDL K1 (3,01±0,91), K2 (4,10±1,86), K3 (4,53±1,5), K4 (3,35±0,34), and K5 (3,96 ± 1,25) with p>0,05.

This study attempts to conduct an analysis of Merdeka Belajar - Â Kampus Merdeka's policy on how does it affect the sustainability of accounting education in Indonesia. A Semi-systematic Descriptive Literature Method analysis was used in this paper to map research areas, synthesize conditions of information, establish the direction for further research, and to classify areas where further research is required. The results of the study show this policy is expected to have better skilled and strong character students. They are expected to have more experience, knowledge, and become more competitive graduates. Despite those advantages, this policy also has potential weaknesses, namely the large number of studies taken might distract the direction of the path of study, this policy does not affect educational-based studies that are geared towards producing teachers, and regularly changing policies by every new minister pays less attention to the sustainability aspects. This paper research implies the policymakers to pay more attention to the sustainability of accounting education by considering the required aspects.

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of original local government revenue growth and local government capital expenditure growth on fiscal stress in regencies/municipalities in West Java Province. This study employed all 27 regencies/municipalities in West Java Province in 4 (four) periods from 2013 to 2016. This study used multiple regression analysis (panel data) and performed classical assumption tests. Because in the literature, no measurement meets the characteristics of local government budgets in Indonesia. The authors introduced a new approach by applying the fiscal capacity formula to measure fiscal stress. This study's results indicate that the growth in original local government revenue and the growth in local government capital expenditures simultaneously have a positive effect on fiscal stress in regencies/municipalities in West Java Province. The growth of local government revenue partially has a negative effect on fiscal stress in regencies and municipalities in West Java Province. The growth of capital expenditures partially has an insignificant effect on fiscal stress in regencies and municipalities in West Java Province. This research implies that the measurement of fiscal pressure is carried out using the fiscal capacity index as a new alternative that can be used by local governments to design policies.

Introduction Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a major public health concern in Jordan, especially among youth. Social acceptance of SGBV is alarmingly high, including among youth. Refugee populations may be at particular risk given limited social support and access to health services combined with increased social and economic pressure and vulnerability. Further research is needed to understand how norms are embodied and reproduced at individual, interpersonal and community levels through relationships between partners, families, peers and community leaders. This study seeks to provide data on attitudes and norms in communities and across youth social networks in order to support gender transformative approaches that seek to change harmful social norms that perpetuate acceptance of SGBV.Methods and analysis This study will collect egocentric data from 960 youth in Jordan (480 men and 480 women) aged between 18 years and 24 years. Individuals will be asked about their perceptions of norms relating to SGBV in their community as well as their perceptions of the attitudes held by up to 15 individuals within their social network. Data will also be collected on the social, economic and demographic variables, refugee status, experience of depression and anxiety, and social support. We will use multilevel analysis to examine individual and group-level associations. We will also assess other network attributes, such as homophily, the role of social engagement, social learning and social support in the transmission of norms and attitudes.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Boards of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the University of Jordan. Rigorous ethical protections will be followed with regard to confidentiality and respondent safety. We intend to publish peer-reviewed papers of our findings in addition to a variety of tools and resources targeting diverse audiences, including policy and technical briefs.

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A series of 4-aryl methylidene-2-phenyl/methyl-5-(4H)-oxazolone derivatives (2-7) have been synthesized using the reported method by condensation of aldehydes with N-benzoyl / N-acetyl glycine in the presence of zinc oxide as a catalyst and acetic anhydride at room temperature in ethanol. The compounds (2-6) are new derivatives. The structures of compounds were evaluated on the basis of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EIMS, FT-IR and elemental analysis. All the compounds were screened for their antibacterial and urease inhibition activity. Antibacterial activity was tested by agar well diffusion method using Mueller Hinton Agar medium. Compound (2) showed excellent activity against S. aureus which has 16 mm (80%) inhibition and above 24 mm (70%) against S. typhi. The most active compound against E. coli was compound (6) having 20 mm (80%) inhibition followed by compound (5) having above 18 mm (70%) inhibition. Urease inhibition activity of all the compounds was determined by indophenol method. Compounds (3, 6) and (7) showed significant inhibition against Jacks bean urease.

Aim: We aim to analyze past literature to evaluate the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ-10) in the population with heart failure (HF). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted through MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Cochrane Library. The outcomes analyzed were a reduction in HF-related mortality, an improvement in exercise capacity, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Results: Among 16 studies, CoQ-10 significantly reduced HF-related mortality by 40% and improved exercise capacity in patients with HF, but demonstrated no significant difference in LVEF however, the potential of its efficacy on LVEF could not be ruled out. Conclusion: CoQ-10 significantly enhances exercise capacity and reduces HF-related mortality; however, its impact on patients with reduced LVEF requires further investigation.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by the slow degeneration of joint components that primarily affects the elderly. There is currently no cure for OA; thus, treatment focuses on symptom reduction. This article investigates the potential of talarozole, a retinoic acid metabolism-blocking agent (RAMBA), as a new treatment for hand OA. Talarozole showed promising results by inhibiting retinoic acid degradation and increasing its levels in the body. Six hours after destabilization of the medial meniscus, talarozole significantly reduced inflammation in mice's cartilage. The findings underscore the importance of the protein encoded by the ALDH1A2 gene in retinoic acid metabolism, shedding light on its potential implications for the management of OA. Maintaining adequate retinoic acid levels may help to reduce mechano-inflammatory gene regulation. Furthermore, RAMBAs like talarozole may emerge as disease-modifying OA therapies, promising improved symptom control and slower disease progression. In conclusion, this research provides critical genetic insights into severe hand OA and promotes talarozole as a prospective therapy option. These findings pave the door for additional research that could revolutionize OA treatment by targeting retinoic acid metabolism to reduce symptoms and slow disease progression., Competing Interests: The author(s) declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Many people suffer poor oral health due to dentists not providing care to them. The number of foreign-trained dentists in the US is increasing, yet little is known about their involvement in providing care to underserved populations. Dental education programs use community-based dental education (CBDE) to expose dental students to access to care issues, and encourage them to provide care to underserved populations upon graduation. The aim of this study was to assess foreign-trained dentists' attitudes about access to care issues after completing a CBDE course at a dental school in the Midwest. Fifty-two dentists participated in the CBDE program from 2018 to 2019, as part of an advanced standing curriculum, and completed guided, reflective essays. Forty-seven dentists agreed to have their essays anonymously coded for research. Four researchers reviewed the essays independently, developed a coding scheme, and recoded to agreement. The main themes dentists mentioned were the affect of the CBDE program on enhancing their clinical skills, fostering an awareness of healthcare system inadequacies, as well as an awareness of how specific social determinants limit access to care, and helping to encourage a sense of personal and professional responsibility to address access to care issues. This study highlights the value of CBDE on helping future dental providers learn about and reflect on access to care issues. It also provides insight into foreign-trained dentists' attitudes about access to care issues, and supports their participation in CBDE programs to foster their contributions in addressing access to care issues in the US., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2022 Smith, Noorullah, Syed, Iqbal and Tomar.)

Objective In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between the monoclonal antibody infusion, bamlanivimab, and a reduction in 30-day hospitalization and mortality rates in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a rural community setting with various comorbidities. Methodology A retrospective data analysis was conducted over a 60-day period for patients who visited the Emergency Department of a community hospital. A group of COVID-19-positive patients who received bamlanivimab was compared with another group of COVID-19 patients with similar characteristics, demographics, and disease severity who did not receive the infusion. Data for 30-day hospitalization rates were analyzed using odds ratio for various individual comorbidities. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality. Logistic regression analysis and subsequent odds ratio estimates were used to adjust for demographics and comorbidities and evaluate for the association of bamlanivimab infusion with 30-day hospitalization rates. Results A total of 144 patients were included in the bamlanivimab group and 140 patients in the non-bamlanivimab group of COVID-19 patients. When analyzed by comorbidity using odds ratio analysis, 10.3% of diabetic patients, 6.1% of obese patients, 8% of hypertensive patients, and none of the patients with CKD required hospitalization at 30 days from the initial visit in the bamlanivimab group in contrast to 35.2% of diabetic patients, 38.1% of obese patients, 33.9% of hypertensive patients, and 63.6% of patients with CKD in the non-bamlanivimab group. Logistic regression analysis with odds ratio estimates showed that when adjusted for demographics and various comorbidities, bamlanivimab infusion was associated with decreased hospitalization (p < 0.001; confidence interval [CI] = 0.017-0.135). However, using logistic regression and taking all variables into account, among the evaluated comorbidities, only hypertension was found to be individually associated with decreased hospitalization (p = 0.0174; CI = 0.140-0.827) along with younger age (p = 0.0023; CI = 1.017-1.080) and female gender (p = 0.0077; CI = 0.212-0.789). We could not establish mortality benefit in the subgroups. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, there is an association between bamlanivimab use and reduced hospitalization rates in COVID-19 patients., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Iqbal et al.)

Purpose: Dentists can address childhood obesity by educating patients about mediating factors, such as nutrition and dietary habits, facilitating behavioral interventions, and participating in interprofessional collaborations. Dental schools are encouraged to prepare future dentists to address childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to assess dental students' attitudes, comfort, and perceived barriers discussing nutrition and obesity prevention with parents and caregivers of children aged 0-5, after a one-time service-learning experience in a pediatric primary care setting to promote oral health., Methods: Following conversations with parents and caregivers, students completed an 11-item survey via Qualtrics., Results: Of 144 second-year dental students that participated in the service-learning experience over 2 years, 101 participated in the survey for a response rate of 70.1%. Most students agreed that dentists' roles include discussing nutrition (98.0%) and obesity prevention (83.2%). During the service-learning experience, 78.2 percent of students discussed nutrition, and 5.0% discussed obesity prevention, with 3.0% and 22.8% of students reporting some level of discomfort with each topic, respectively. The most reported barriers for discussing both nutrition and obesity prevention were concern for "appearing judgmental" and "fear of offending clients." Mean comfort scores among students who reported barriers of "appearing judgmental" (p = < 0.0001) and "fear of offending clients" (p = 0.017) for nutrition discussions, and a "lack of parental acceptance of guidance" as a barrier for discussing obesity prevention (p = 0.016), suggest that those barriers were associated with less comfort., Conclusion: Dental students' perceived barriers to discussing nutrition and obesity prevention with parents and caregivers may negatively influence dental students' comfort., (© 2021 American Dental Education Association.)

A 7-year-old boy presented to a community emergency department (ED) after sustaining a minor fall. Although he was found to have a normal neurologic examination, additional history revealed the patient had been having mild intermittent headaches and dizziness in the months preceding the fall. The emergency clinicians ordered neuroimaging, which demonstrated a right cerebellar mass, ultimately diagnosed as atypical rhabdoid/teratoid tumor. Atypical rhabdoid/teratoid tumor is a rare, aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The objectives of this case report are to emphasize the importance of detailed history with pediatric head trauma, in particular on reassessment, and to discuss briefly the epidemiology and management of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor., (© 2021 The Authors. JACEP Open published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of the American College of Emergency Physicians.)

Extracts of nine plants were studied for DPPH radical scavenging and reducing abilities. Pentatropis spiralis, Calotropis procera, Helitropium curassavicum, Withania somnifera and Chenopodium album showed reducing power ranging from 34% to 146%. Suaeda fruticosa, Trianthema portulacastrum, Pluchea lanceolata and Rumex dentatus has excellent antioxidant potential proved by their DPPH scavenging and reducing power. 1000µg/10µl chloroform extract of S. fruticosa gave 92% scavenging with IC50 value less than 0.7µg/10µl while its hexane extract possessed 80% reducing activity at 100µg/10µl concentration. DPPH free radical scavenging by methanolic extract of Trianthema portulacastrum was 60% and 76% at 1000 and 100µg/10µl respectively with IC50 value of 0.03µg/10µl while the reducing activity of 124% at 100µg/10µl. Methanolic extract of P. lanceolata showed 91% and 70% scavenging activity at 1000 and 100µg/10µl with IC50 value of 0.7µg/ 10µl. Reducing power is comparable with the reference BHA standard that is 98% at 100µg/10µl concentration. Rumex dentatus' extracts are excellent DPPH scavengers and hydrogen donators produced 156% reduction. Chloroform extract was inefficient antioxidant. These results make these plants a candidate for future research for treating ailments due to imbalance in free radicals.

In this study, a range of oxamide ligands were synthesized by the reaction of amines with oxalyl chloride in basic medium. Spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as IR, 1H-NMR and ESI-MS techniques were used for characterization of the synthesized oxamides. The synthesized oxamides were screened for Lipoxygenase inhibition. Biological screening revealed that the oxamides possessed good lipoxygenase inhibition activities, whereas, the unsubstituted oxamide did not show any distinct lipoxygenase inhibition activity. Molecular docking studies of the oxamides were also carried out for lipoxygenase inhibition. The results obtained from molecular docking were well correlated with the empirical data.

The present study explores the synthesis and inhibitory potential of vanadium(V) complexes of hydrazides (1c-12c) against oxidative enzymes including xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase (LOX). In addition, non-enzymatic radical scavenging activities of these complexes were also determined. On the basis of spectral, elemental and physical data, synthesized vanadium(V) complexes are tentatively assigned to have an octahedral geometry with two hydrazide ligands and two oxo groups forming a negatively charged sphere complex with ammonium as counter ion. This is further verified by the conductivity studies of the complexes. Results show that hydrazide ligands (1-12) and their respective vanadium(V) complexes (1c-12c) posses scavenging and inhibition potential against DPPH and LOX, respectively. However, contrary to that uncoordinated ligands showed no activity against nitric oxide, superoxide and xanthine oxidase whereas their complexes showed varying degree of activity. These studies indicate that geometry of complex, nature and position of substituent groups play a vital role in scavenging and inhibition potential of these compounds.

To treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), the available candidates are effective only against mild AD or have side effects. So, a study was planned to synthesis new candidates that may have good potential to treat AD. A series of new anthrarobin acyl derivatives ( 2 - 8 ) were synthesized by the reaction of anthrarobin ( 1 ) and acetic anhydride/acyl chlorides. The product were characterized by 1 H NMR and EI-MS, and evaluated for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition activity. Compounds 5 and 4 showed notable BuChE inhibitory potential with IC 50 5.3 ± 1.23 and 17.2 ± 0.47 μM, respectively when compared with the standard eserine (IC 50 7.8 ± 0.27 μM), compound 5 showed potent BuChE inhibition potential than the standard eserine. The active compounds 5 and 4 have acyl groups at 2-OH and 10-OH positions which may be responsible for inhibitory potential as this orientation is absent in other products. In silico studies of 5 and 4 products revealed the high inhibitory potential due to stable binding of ligand with the BuChE active sites with docking energy score -18.8779 kcal/mol and -23.1159 kcal/mol, respectively. Subsequently, compound 5 that have potent BuChE inhibitory activity could be the potential candidate for drug development for Alzheimer's disease.

The antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibitory activities and free radical scavenging capacity of the crude extract, aqueous and some organic fractions of dry and ripe fruit of Aeglemarmelos. L were studied to understand the protective and therapeutic role for the use of the fruit as a remedy in different ailments. All the tested fractions and extracts showed to possess significant antioxidant, free radical scavenging capacity and lipoxygenase inhibitory potential. However, chloroform and aqueous fractions showed significant ability to quench radicals, to reduce ferric chloride and to inhibit soyabean lipoxygenase. Their antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibition was estimated by IC50 values, for antioxidant ranging from 88-65% activity at concentration of 5-0.15μ/mL and similarly for lipoxygenase inhibition ranging from 89-69% at various concentrations of 5-0.15μ/mL, in chloroform and aqueous fractions respectively. The scavenger molecules in the dry and ripe fruit of A. marmelos may attribute to therapeutic and protective effect during different progressive stages of ailments.

1,4-Disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized by Cu(I) catalyzed click reaction, where the azides, with electron donating and electron withdrawing groups acted as 1,3-dipoles and 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol served as the terminal alkyne. These synthesized triazoles were subjected to enzymatic assay which showed promising activity against α-glucosidase; 1-(2-cyano-4-nitrophenyl)-4-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole 3m being the most active members of the library. Molecular docking studies of these triazoles with the homology-modeled α-glucosidase protein were also performed to delineate ligand-protein interactions at molecular level which suggested that Phe157, Arg312 and His279 are the major interacting residues in the biding site of the protein and may have a significant role in the inhibition of enzyme's function., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) soluble part of Calopogonium mucunoides (Fabaceae) resulted in the isolation of 10 isoflavones (4'-O-methylalpinumisoflavone, 4'-O-methylderrone, alpinumisoflavone, daidzeine, Calopogonium isoflavone A, atalantoflavone, 2',4',5',7-tetramethoxyisoflavone, 7-O-methylcuneantin, cabreuvin and 7-O-methylpseudobaptigenin) and a rotenoid (6a,12a-dehydroxydegueline). Among these, daidzeine, 7-O-methylcuneantin, atalantoflavone and 6a, 12a-dehydroxydegueline have been isolated for the first time from C. mucunoides while remaining are already reported from this source. Structures of all the isolated constituents were elucidated with the aid of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques. Among all the isolated constituents, nine were evaluated for their urease inhibitory potential. However, six were found potent. These include 4'-O-methylderrone, daidzeine, atalantoflavone, 2',4',5',7-tetramethoxyisoflavone, 7-O-methylcuneantin and 6a, 12a-dehydroxydegueline.

Aim: To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of chordomas from a single institution., Material and Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of 18 cases of chordomas diagnosed over a period of 5-years at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, from 2006 to 2010., Results: The overall mean age of the patients was 46.72 years. Males outnumbered females. Sacrum was the commonest site involved. Histopathologically, the majority of cases were conventional chordoma with four cases of chondroid variety. There was a single case of dedifferentiated chordoma that presented with bone metastasis. Most patients did well after surgery and radiotherapy. One patient had a local recurrence and one patient with dedifferentiated variant died on follow-up., Conclusion: Though locally aggressive, chordomas are effectively treated with resection and postoperative radiotherapy.

Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol soluble extract of the roots of Daphne oleoides resulted in isolation and identification of two new isomeric biisoflavonoids characterized as 8,8"-bi-6-hydroxyorobol (1) and 8,8"-bi-6, 2'-dihydroxygenistein (2). The structures of these compounds were established by analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS data.

Ophiamides A (1) and B (2), two new sphingolipids have been isolated from the n-hexane subfraction of the MeOH extract of the whole plant of Heliotropium ophioglossum along with glycerol monopalmitate (3) and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D: -glucoside (4) reported for the first time from this species. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques including MS and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Both the compounds 1 and 2 showed potent inhibitory activity against the enzyme urease.

Nine compounds have been isolated for the first time from Celtis africana, namely trans-N-coumaroyltyramine (1), trans-N-feruloyltyramine (2), trans-N-caffeoyltyramine (3), lauric acid (4), oleic acid (5), palmitic acid (6), lupeol (7), β-sitosterol (8) and oleanolic acid (9), respectively. Their structures have been elucidated by different spectroscopic techniques. The isolated compounds were screened for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinestrease enzyme inhibitory activities. Compounds 1-3 showed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and weak to moderate acetylcholinestrease enzyme inhibition activity.

The object of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity of extracts from Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. The parent extract is methanolic extract while its sub fractions were prepared in ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-butanol. The method based on scavenging activity and reduction capability of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). Urease inhibition activities of these extracts were also evaluated. Chloroform fraction was the most effective antioxidant with 87.7% activity but the activity is less than the crude methanolic extract i.e. 90%. Chloroform fraction showed the same trend in reducing power as that in radical scavenging activity. However n- butanol extract was devoid of any activity when compared to standard BHA. Crude methanolic fraction and its sub-fractions were also screened for enzyme inhibition activities using jackbean urease as substrate. Significant anti urease activity i.e. 72 % was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction with respect to standard inhibitor thiourea.

New bergenin derivatives, bergecins A and B (1 and 2, resp.), have been isolated from the AcOEt-soluble fraction of Bergenia stracheyi, along with bergenin (3), and their structures were elucidated on the basis of (1) H- and (13) C-NMR spectra, and by COSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments. Compound 2 showed potent inhibitory potential against the enzyme lipoxygenase, while 1 was moderately active. On the other hand, both compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay., (Copyright © 2012 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.)

Two new lupene-type triterpenes, sorbicins A and B, have been isolated from the chloroform-soluble fraction of the MeOH extract from the whole plant of Sorbus cashmiriana, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR. Both compounds displayed urease and α-chymotrypsin inhibitory potential.

Two new C-glycosylflavonoids celtisides A (1) and B (2) have been isolated from n-butanol-soluble fraction of Celtis africana, along with five known C-glycosylflavonoids vitexin (3), orientin (4), isoswertiajaponin (5), isoswertisin (6), and 2″-O-rhamnosyl vitexin (7) reported for the first time from this species. Their structures were assigned from 1D and 2D NMR spectra. These compounds were investigated for biological activities and showed significant antioxidant and urease inhibitory activities.

Conferin (1), a new isoflavone, has been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Caragana conferta Benth. along with seven known compounds, namely biochanin A (2), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (3), 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), erythrodiol (6), pinoresinol (7), and syringresinol (8), reported for the first time from this species. The structure of the new isoflavone was deduced on the basis of spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1 and 2 were investigated for biological activities and showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced paw edema of rats. Evaluation of antioxidant activity by the radical scavenging method indicated that compound 1 is a potent antioxidant while 2 is moderately active. It was also shown that the reducing capability of compound 2 was remarkably increased in a concentration dependent manner as compared to 1. Compound 1 showed moderate inhibitory activity against the enzyme lipoxygenase, while 2 showed weak activity.

Asphorodin (1), a new diglycoside, has been isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of Asphodelus tenuifolius. It showed significant inhibitory activity against the enzyme lipoxygenase in a concentration-dependent manner. The Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots indicated that the nature of inhibition was non-competitive.

Galinsosides A (1) and B (2), new flavanone glucosides together with two known flavanones, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyflavanone (3) and 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavanone (4) have been isolated from an ethyl acetate- soluble fraction of Galinsoga parviflora. Their structures were assigned on the basis of spectral studies. Compound 1 showed significant antioxidant and urease inhibitory activity while compound 2 was moderately active. On the other hand, 2 showed inhibitory potential against alpha-glucosidase.

A new lignan rhamnoside, racemiside (1), has been isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of Cotoneaster racemiflora, along with scopoletin (2), 7,8-dimethoxy-6-hydroxycoumarin (3), 3,3',4'-tri-O-methylellagic acid (4), and cereotagloperoxide (5), reported for the first time from this species. All of them showed profound antioxidative activities in the DPPH assay.

Mutiniside (1), new phenolic glucoside, and the flavonoidal glucoside cephacoside (2) have been isolated from the n-BuOH soluble fraction, along with lupeol (3), beta-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (6), taraxacin (7), ursolic acid (8), and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), have been isolated from the EtOAc soluble fraction of Abutilon muticum. Compounds 2-9 are reported for the first time from this species. Compound 1 showed significant antioxidant activity while moderate inhibitory activity was observed against the enzyme lipoxygenase.

A new steroid leucisterol (1) and a new peroxy acid urticic acid (2) along with methoxybenzyl benzoate (3), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (4), beta-sitosterol (5), and ursolic acid (6), have been isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of the whole plant of Leucas urticifolia. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) spectral data. Leucisterol showed potent inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase enzyme.