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5. Buckwheat

Author

Qaiser, Hina, Abdullah, Roheena, Kaleem, Afshan, Iqtedar, Mehwish, Sajer, Bayan Hussein, Zia-Ul-Haq, Muhammad, editor, Abdulkreem AL-Huqail, Arwa, editor, Riaz, Muhammad, editor, and Farooq Gohar, Umar, editor

Published
2023
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12. In silico approaches to study the human asparagine synthetase: An insight of the interaction between the enzyme active sites and its substrates.

Author

Riaz, Anam, Kaleem, Afshan, Abdullah, Roheena, Iqtedar, Mehwish, Hoessli, Daniel C., and Aftab, Mahwish

Abstract

Cancer is a leading concern and important cause of death worldwide. Cancer is a non-communicable illness defined as uncontrolled division of cells. It can develop into metastatic cancer when tumor cells migrate to other organs. In recent years evidence has emerged that the bioavailability of Asn play a crucial role in cancer metastasis. Asn is a non-essential amino acid formed from an ATP dependent catalyzed reaction by the enzyme asparagine synthetase (ASNS), where Asp and Gln are converted to Asn and Glu, respectively. The human ASNS enzyme consist of 561 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 64 KDa. ASNS governs the activation of transcriptional factors that regulate the process of metastasis. In this work the 3D model of ASNS in E. coli (AS-B) and the human ASNS docked with its different ligands have been used to study the 3D mechanism of the conversion of Asp and Gln to Asn and Glu, in human ASNS. The stability evaluation of the docked complexes was checked by molecular dynamic simulation through the bioinformatic tool Desmond. The binding residues and their interactions can be exploited for the development of inhibitors, as well as for finding new drug molecules against ASNS and prevention of metastatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Prospective Roles of Extremophilic Fungi in Climate Change Mitigation Strategies.

Author

Ali, Imran, Qaiser, Hina, Abdullah, Roheena, Kaleem, Afshan, Iqtedar, Mehwish, Iqbal, Irfana, and Chen, Xiaoming

Subjects
CLIMATE change mitigation, WEATHER & climate change, ENVIRONMENTAL degradation, FUNGI, LIGNOCELLULOSE, CLIMATE change
Abstract

Climate change and the resultant environmental deterioration signify one of the most challenging problems facing humankind in the 21st century. The origins of climate change are multifaceted and rooted in anthropogenic activities, resulting in increasing greenhouse gases in the environment and leading to global warming and weather drifts. Extremophilic fungi, characterized by their exceptional properties to survive extreme habitats, harbor great potential in mitigating climate change effects. This review provides insight into the potential applications of extremophilic fungi in climate change mitigation strategies. They are able to metabolize organic biomass and degrade carbon compounds, thereby safely sequestering carbon and extenuating its release into the environment as noxious greenhouse gases. Furthermore, they possess extremozymes, which break down recalcitrant organic species, including lignocellulosic biomass and hydrocarbons. Enzymatic machinery equips these extremophilic fungi to perform the bioremediation of polluted environments. Extremophilic fungi can also be exploited for various biological interventions, such as biofuels, bioplastics, and other bioprocessing applications. However, these fungi characterize a valued but underexplored resource in the arsenal of climate change mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Docetaxel-Loaded Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly (L-lactic Acid) Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer: Synthesis, Characterization, Method Validation, and Cytotoxicity

Author

Miraj, Shumaila, primary, Saeed, Hamid, additional, Iqtedar, Mehwish, additional, Albekairi, Norah A., additional, Ahmed, Nadeem, additional, Danish, Muhammad Zeeshan, additional, Islam, Muhammad, additional, Rasool, Muhammad Fawad, additional, Deen, Kashif Mairaj, additional, and Rathore, Hassaan Anwer, additional

Published
2023
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22. Molecular Transformations in DNA under the Influence of UV-radiation

Author

Cabrera Rosina, Sun Yonghai, Sharma Sujata, Li Zhuolin, E. Santiago-Ortiz Luis, Li Tiezhu, A. Caputo Gregory, R. Necelis Matthew, Assenov Borislav, Dzhambazova Elena, Todorov Petar, G. Barkhudaryan Vigen, Pechlivanova Daniela, Sharma Pradeep, Yuan Cuiping, Eun Yuk Ji, Acedo-Espinoza Edgar, Han Yuan-Yuan, Peneva Petia, Chan-Chan Lerma, Lv Chengyu, Wang Yongjun, Leng Yue, Li Dongli, Rani Chitra, M. Guzman-Partida Ana, Iqbal Naseer, M. Ortega-Nieblas María, Gupta Akshita, Abdullah Roheena, Rehman Nayab, Lagarda-Diaz Irlanda, Woo Jang Seok, Yong Jeong Kyoung, Lyu Yong-Mei, Zhang Jie, Park Jung-Won, Gong Yuanyuan, Voglmeir Josef, Lee Jongsun, H. Karapetyan Nelli, Kaleem Afshan, Singla Ankita, Haq Ikram-Ul, Hoessli D. C., Vázquez-Moreno Luz, Nauman Aftab Mohammad, Zhang Xiao-Yang, Hee Park Kyung, V. Ananyan Gayane, Javed Sabahat, Liu Li, Maldonado-Arce Amir, Iqtedar Mehwish, Yue Hai-Yun, and Singh T.P.

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, Biophysics, General Medicine, Radiation, DNA
Abstract

Background: The processes of destruction and crosslinking of macromolecules occur simultaneously under the influence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in synthetic polymers, dry DNA and their concentrated solutions. Objective: The effect of UV radiation on calf thymus DNA in dilute solutions subjected to UV- irradiation was studied in this work. Methods: The calf thymus DNA was studied in dilute solutions using viscometry, absorption spectroscopy and electrophoresis. Results: It was shown that at a low concentration of DNA in the buffer solution ([DNA] = 85 μg / ml) under the influence of UV radiation, the processes of destruction of macromolecules and an increase in their flexibility predominate, which are accompanied by a gradual decrease in the viscosity of their solution. In addition, due to the low concentration of the solution, intramolecular crosslinking of macromolecules predominates, which also reduces their size and, consequently, the viscosity of the solution. Conclusion: It was concluded that in dilute DNA solutions, due to the predominance of the processes of intramolecular crosslinking of macromolecules over intermolecular, only constant processes of decreasing the sizes of DNA macromolecules occur. As a result, their solubility remains virtually unchanged during UV irradiation. The described explanations are also confirmed by the results of absorption spectroscopy and electrophoresis.

Published
2021

24. Production, optimization, purification, kinetic analysis, and applications of alkaline proteases produced from Bacillus subtilis through solid-state fermentation of agricultural byproducts.

Author

Abdullah, Roheena, Asim, Maham, Nadeem, Muhammad, Nisar, Kinza, Kaleem, Afshan, and Iqtedar, Mehwish

Subjects
SOLID-state fermentation, BACILLUS subtilis, GEL permeation chromatography, ALKALINE protease, PROTEOLYTIC enzymes, BLOODSTAINS, BIOSURFACTANTS
Abstract

Proteases have gained commercial value due to multiple applications in different industrial sectors. The current research aimed to use cheaper agricultural waste for optimal protease production. The maximum level of protease production was achieved at 37 °C, an incubation period of 24 h, pH 9.0, inoculum size 3%, 1.5 g sucrose as a carbon source, and 30% moisture content by using solid-state fermentation. Ammonium nitrate and yeast extract tremendously increased protease production among the various inorganic and organic nitrogen sources. Ca2+ ions and Tween 40 showed optimal protease production among the tested metal ions and surfactants. Protease purification was carried out by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. The purification resulted in 1.3-fold of purified protease with 51.5U/mg specific activity and a total yield of 37.5 %. The molecular weight of purified protease was confirmed upon SDSPAGE with a single band of ~36 kDa. The protease was stable over a temperature range of 35-45 °C and pH 7-9, with maximal activity at 40 °C and pH 9. The kinetic parameters Vmax (maximum rate) and Km (Michaelis-Menten constant) were calculated as 0.307 U/g and 11.2 mg/mL, respectively. The alkaline protease significantly dehair the goat skin and successfully removed the animal blood stain from cotton cloth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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35. Effect of Sphingomonas sp., as a Probiotic on Survival, Growth and Biochemical Constituents of Vibrio anguillarum Challenged Labeo rohita Fingerlings.

Author

Chaudhary, Asma, Ahmad, Qurat-ul-Ain, Akram, Afia Muhammad, Iqtedar, Mehwish, and Qazi, Javed Iqbal

Abstract

This study was attempted to investigate the probiotic effect of a novel locally isolated bacterium from home-made yogurt, Sphingomonas sp. AsCh-P3 on growth, survival and biochemical constituents of Labeo rohita fingerlings challenged with well-renowned fish pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum. Positive control-C2 as well as experimental groups was challenged with V. anguillarum intraperitoneally. Probiotic treated feed with antibacterial potential against V. anguillarum was administered to experimental fishes in different groups; G1 (soon after challenge for 30 days), G2 (for 15 days prior and 30 days after challenge) and G3 (for 15 days prior to challenge). The survival rate of fishes was 60% in C2, 66% in G1, 83% in G2 and 76% in G3. Fishes subjected to V. anguillarum (C2) showed significant decrease in growth and biochemical constituents as compared to C1 and experimental groups. The incorporation of probiotic isolate enhanced total proteins, total lipids, DNA contents in G2, G3, average weight, weight gain in G1, G3 than both control groups and specific growth rate in G2. On the contrary carbohydrate contents were found to be decreased significantly in all experimental groups. Henceforth, it has been concluded that on the basis of survival data and body profile, Sphingomonas sp. AsCh--P3 could be used successfully as probiotic bacterium against the fish pathogen prophylactically in Labeo rohita fingerlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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50. Overview of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Systems with Special Reference toValorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Author

Qaiser, Hina, Kaleem, Afshan, Abdullah, Roheena, Iqtedar, Mehwish, and Hoessli, Daniel C.

Abstract

Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass, one of the most valuable natural resources, is abundantly presenton earth. Being a renewable feedstock, it harbors a great potential to be exploited as a raw material,to produce various value-added products. Lignocellulolytic microorganisms hold a uniqueposition regarding the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass as they contain efficient enzyme systemscapable of degrading this biomass. The ubiquitous nature of these microorganisms and theirsurvival under extreme conditions have enabled their use as an effective producer of lignocellulolyticenzymes with improved biochemical features crucial to industrial bioconversion processes. Theseenzymes can prove to be an exquisite tool when it comes to the eco-friendly manufacturing ofvalue-added products using waste material. This review focuses on highlighting the significance oflignocellulosic biomass, microbial sources of lignocellulolytic enzymes and their use in the formationof useful products.

Published
2021
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